上海高三冲刺阅读理解训练3-含答案

高三英语春季假班（教师版）

词汇复习

proper v. 出口inevitable v. 判断n. 裁判intend n. 投资

instinct n.意图

keen a. 嫉妒的

infect v. 给…留下印象infectious v. 调查inaccessible a. 不断增长的improve a. 看不见的influence v. 坚持；认为incident n. 智力

inferior n. 收入；所得imaginative v. 包含；涉及interrupt n. 不便

illegal v. 模仿

isolate n. 暗示

inquire 从…判断inhabitant 通知、告知某人insult 例如

to one’s great joy 热衷于

Translation

1. 大多数人不愿意介入这种毫无意义的争论。(involve)

2. 来自农村的学生不必感到比大城市的学生低一等。(inferior)

3. 从你的成绩单可以看出，所有老师都对你相当满意。(judge)

4. 那个姑娘又活泼有幽默，给面试官留下了深刻印象。(impress)

5. 家庭环境对孩子的性格产生很大影响。(influence)

6. 这本字典是给小孩用的，不适合你。(intend)

7. 勤洗手可避免疾病传染。(infect)

8. 他热衷于读书是因为读书能给他带来知识与快乐。(keen)

9. 他住在一个小岛上，过着与现代隔绝的日子。(isolate)

10. 他不顾个人安危，执意守在岗位上。(insist)

难度：☆☆☆

【Keys】：1. Many people aren’t willing to get involved in this meaningless argument.

2. The students from countryside needn’t feel inferior to those from big cities.

3. Judging from your school report, all your teachers are quite satisfied with you.

4. The girl impressed the interviewer with her liveliness and humor.

5. The family environment can have a great influence on the child’s personality.

6. The dictionary is intended for children, so it is not suitable for you.

7. Washing hands often can avoid being infected by disease.

8. He is keen on reading because reading can bring him knowledge and happiness.

9. He lives on a small island, isolated from modern life.

10. He insisted on keeping on his post regardless of his own safety.

随堂检测

(A)

The sense of insecurity, humiliation and helplessness always keep a woman mum. Our whole socialization is such that for any unsuccessful marriage which results in such violence or divorce, it is always the woman, who is help responsible. Cultural beliefs and traditions that discriminate against women may be officially discredited but they continue to flourish at the grass root levels. Family relations in India are governed by personal laws. The four major religious communities are—Huidu, Muslim, Christian and Parsi. Each has their separate personal laws. They are governed by their respective personal laws in matters of marriage, divorce, succession, adoption, guardianship and maintenance. In the laws of all the communities, women have fewer rights than that of man in corresponding situations. It is really that women of the minority communities in India continue to have unequal legal right s and even the women of the majority community have yet to gain complete formal equality in all aspects of family life. This is basically the prolem of gender inequality.

Gender Inequality refers to the obvious or hidden disparities among individuals based on the performance of gender. This problem in simple term is known as Gender Bias which in simple terms means the gender stratification or making difference between a girl and a boy i.e. a male or a female. In making biasness among the gender India ranks 10th out of 128

counties all over the world which is shameful for us. But this problem is increasing although government has banned the pre-natal sex examination. In India (in the older times) this problem is mainly seen in the rural areas because many rural people think that the girl child is burden on them. But now this is also being seen in the urban areas i.e. in offices, institutions, schools and in society. The afflicted world in which we live is characterized by deeply unequal sharing of the burden of adversities between women and men. Gender Inequality exists in most part of the world, from Japan to Morocco, or from Uzbekistan to United States of America.

However, inequality between men and women can take very many different forms. Indeed, gender inequality is not one homogeneous phenomenon, but a collection of disparate and interlinked problem. This issue of gender inequality is one which has been publicly reverberating through society for decades. The problem of inequality in employment being one of the most pressing issues today. In order to examine this situation one must try to get to the root of the problem and must understand the sociological factors that cause women to have a much more difficult time getting the same benefits, wages, and job opportunities as their male counterparts. The society in which we live has been shaped historically by males.

However, in many parts of the world, women receive less attention and health care than men do, and particularly girls often receive very much less support than boys. As a result of this gender bias, he mortality rates of females often exceed those of males in these countries. The concept of missing women was devised to give some idea of the enormity of the phenomenon of women’s adversity in mortality by focusing on the women who are simply not there, due to unusually high mortality compared with male mortality rates. In some regions in the world, inequality between women and men directly involves matters of life and death, and takes the brutal form of unusually high mortality rates of women and a consequent preponderance of men in the total population, as opposes to the preponderance of women found in societies with little or no gender bias in health care and nutrition. Mortality inequality has been observed extensively in North Africa and in Asia, including China and South Asia.

1. This passage is probably written by .

A. a Chinese

B. a Japanese

C. an American

D. an Indian

2. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Usually the woman is to blame when something goes wrong in the marriage.

B. Men have been occupying the predominating role in shaping history.

C. There are four chief religious communities.

D. If there is law against discrimination against women, women will be treated equally as men.

3. What does the underlined word “preponderance” mean?

A. dominance

B. presumption

C. inferiority

D. minority

4. What could be the best title for this passage?

A. High Mortality Rates of Females

B. Reasons for Gender Inequality

C. Gender Inequality

D. Different Forms of Gender Inequality

(B)

A knight was a mounted warrior of medieval Europe who served a king or other feudal superior, usually in return for land. Knighthood was taken quite seriously and had to be earned.

At about the age of eight, a boy would begin training in preparation for knighthood. This young trainee, known as a page, would train with mentors to learn about horses, armor, and weapons. Pages practiced fighting with a sword against a wooden stake and learned to skillfully use a bow and arrow. The lady of the castle taught a young page about manners and social graces, as well as how to sing, play instruments, and dance. A priest might give a page religious training and teach him to read and write.

By the age of fourteen, the page would become a squire. A squire was responsible for dressing a knight for battles and tournaments and taking care of the knight’s armor and weapons. He would even follow his master on the battlefield to protect him if the knight fell.

A squire had to gain skill in using a lance, spear, or sword, so he would practice against a wooden dummy called a quintain. The quintain and a shield were hung on a wooden pole, and when hit, the whole structure would spin. The squire would learn to ride up and hit the shield’s center, but then quickly move out of the way without getting hit and knocked off his horse by the quintain.

At about age twenty, a squire was finally prepared to be called a knight, which involved an extended ceremony. On the evening before becoming a knight, the squire confessed his sins to a priest, was given a symbolic bath, and then fasted in order to cleanse his soul. The squire would dress all in white and stay in a chapel all night praying and

watching over his weapons and armor.

In the morning, the squire would dress in symbolically—colored clothing: red for his bold, white for purity, and brown for his return to the earth after death. At his induction(成人仪式), the knight swore a code of chivalry(骑士精神), which required his always to be brave, loyal, courteous, and to protect the defenseless. Knighthood was conferred(赋予) by the overlord with an accolade, during which the new knight was tapped on the shoulders or neck with the flat side of the sword.

If this new knight ever broke his vows or acted dishonorably, he would be stripped of his knighthood in another ceremony, in which he was “buried”. In the Middle Ages, a knight without honor was considered as good as dead.

1. What were two responsibilities of a squire?

2. What brave act did a squire have to perform?

3. What is chivalry?

4. If a knight were to be betray the king, what do you think might happen?

(C)

Laziness is a sin, everyone knows that.We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is 1 , that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more

2 reasons than the simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are

3 much more serious problems. They maybe so distrustful of their

4 workers that they are unable to

5 in any group task for fear of being laughed at or fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be deadened by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of

6 may prevent work: some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals of fantastic achievements, that they are unable to deal with whatever " lesser " work is

7 . Still other people are not avoiding work, strictly speaking; they are nearly procrastinating(拖延)

8 their day.

Laziness can 9 be helpful. Like procrastinators，some people look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, researching. We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries 10 by chance. Newton wasn't 11 in the orchard when the apple hit

him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone “lazy”build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that “laziness” were caused by the worker’s taking time to check each 12 of his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being “lazy”–that is, taking time off for a rest—is good for the 13 students or executives. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor who's simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic. So be careful when you’re 14 to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting or planning his or her 15 work.

1. A. illegal B. immoral C. harmful D. insulting

2. A. serious B. ground C. complex D. confusing

3. A. suffering from B. experiencing C. going through D. accusing of

4. A. peers B. colleague C. league D. fellow

5. A. involve B. join C. take D. absorb

6. A. fantasies B. burdens C. tasks D. distractions

7. A. at hand B. by hand C. with hands D. on hand

8. A. arranging B. planning C. rescheduling D. preparing

9. A. actually B. indeed C. practically D. peculiarly

10. A. occurred B. took place C. arose D. aroused

11. A. waiting B. sleeping C. working D. walking

12. A. piece B. step C. one D. part

13. A. lazy B. busy C. overworked D. diligent

14. A. tempted B. likely C. ready D. obliged

15. A. own B. next C. former D. previous

(A)

Contrary to its name, the Underground Railroad was not an actual railroad. Rather, it was a vast net work of people working secretly to help fugitive slaves escape north and to Canada. Sometimes called the Freedom Trail, this network of escape routes operated for many years before and during the Civil War.

Hundreds of slaves moved north to freedom each year via the Underground Railroad. Escape routes stretched from the southern slave states into the free northern states and up to Canada. Escaped slaves were considered fugitives of the law, so they travelled secretly—usually at night, with the North Star as their guide—and were hidden along their route in safe houses, barns and haylofts.

Some form of organized system to assist runaway slaves probably began in the 1780s under Quaker sponsorship. In 1786, George Washington is said to have complained about a “society of Quakers”helping one of his runaway slaves. This system of slave-helping people continued to grow, and in 1831 it was given the nickname “the Underground Railroad”, after the steam railroads that were emerging at the time. Other railroad terms were used in regard to the network of people helping slaves: A “conductor” was a person responsible for moving fugitive from one place to the next; homes and businesses where fugitives would rest and eat were called “stations”and “depots”that were run by “stationmasters”; and people who contributed money or goods were called “stockholders”.

Most of the people helping the fugitive slaves were antislavery blacks, but many whites also supported the Underground Railroad. The highest number of slaves escaped from the upper South, because of its close proximity to the free states. These slaves were most often single, young males, as only rarely would an entire family of slaves attempt to make an escape together.

Escaping to freedom was an arduous task. First, a slave had to escape from the slaveholder. Sometimes a “conductor”posing as a slave would enter a plantation and then guide the runaway out. The fugitive would sometimes travel between 10 and 20 miles to the nest station, where they would rest and eat, hiding in barns and other-out-of-way places. While the slave waited, a message would be sent to the next station to alert its stationmaster. Board points, such as Cincinnati, Ohio, and Wilmington, Delaware, and lake ports of Detroit, Michigan; Sandusky, Ohio; Erie, Pennsylvania; and Buffalo, New York, were all popular escape terminals, where conductors would meet the slaves and help them to freedom.

Vigilance groups sprang up in many northern areas, including New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. These were groups of people who offered support to the fugitives in the form of money, food and lodging. They also helped these former slaves settle into a community by finding them jobs and providing letters of recommendation.

The Underground Railroad included many notable participants, including John Fairfield, who made many daring rescues; Levi Coffin, a Quaker who assisted more than 3.000 slaves; and Harriet Tubman, who made 19 trips into the South and shepherded more than 300 slaves to freedom. Thousands of antislavery campaigners, both black and white, risked their lives to operate the railway.

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?