2019中考阅读理解冲刺训练
2019中考阅读理解冲刺训练03
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
阅读单选(自然颜色题材) (一)
Colors can influence a person's mind and body.According to scientists，colors can change feelings，influence behavior and even cause physical reactions(反应)．Research shows that babies cry more in yellow bedrooms，and families are easier to fight in yellow kitchens.But yellow isn't all bad.The color is known to improve confidence and learning.A yellow classroom may be good for your headache，and at the same time it might actually help you solve those challenging math problems.Other colors also have helpful effects on people.For example，blue helps the body relax，and orange tends(趋向) to improve a person's mood and make a person want to eat.Colors were used to treat illness.Four thousand years ago，the Egyptians built healing temples of light，which filtered(过滤) some of the sun's rays(光线) and bathed patients in some colors to treat some illnesses.Recently，studies have shown that colors can influence us though we don't see them.Kurt Goldstein，a famous scientist，is sure that a blindfolded(蒙住眼的) person will experience physical reactions under rays of different colors.In other words，the skin reads colors，and our bodies，minds and emotions reply to them.
1．Yellow doesn't fit for ________.
A．bedrooms B．classrooms C．hospitals D．training centers 2．What color can help improve a person's mood?
A．Yellow. B．Brown. C．Blue. D．Orange.
3．The ancient Egyptians built healing temples of light to ________.
A．treat some illnesses
B．collect the sun's rays
C．improve confidence and learning
D．study different reactions of patients
4．From the last paragraph，we know ________.
A．Kurt Goldstein is a blind expert
B．though we don't see colors，they still affect us
C．our bodies，minds and emotions can't reply to colors
D．a blindfolded person can't experience physical reactions
5．What is this passage mainly about?
A．Different people need different colors.
B．Some colors have bad effects on people.
C．Colors can affect a person's mind and body.
D．Colors are important and necessary for patients.
(二)
The colour systems used by scientists and artists are completely different. An artist will mix blue and yellow paint to get a shade of green; a scientist will mix green and red light to create yellow. The printed page in a magazine is yet another system.Scientists recognize the light primaries(原色) are red, green and blue. When mixed, red and green light rays produce yellow, blue and green produce cyan, red and blue produce magenta. Red, green and blue mix to create white light. This colour model is used in computer monitors, television sets and theaters.Most artists recognize red, yellow and blue as the three basic primary colours. These primaries are the pure colours which cannot be created by mixing any other colours.
In the print industry, cyan (青色) , magenta ( 紫红色) , yellow and black are used as the primary colours. When you mix all the colours, the result is grey.
6．How many colour systems are mentioned in the passage?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Only one. D．Four.
7．If a scientist wants to get yellow, he will probably
A．mix blue and green B．mix blue and red
C．mix red and green D．mix red, green and blue
8．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Red, green and blue are used in television sets.
B．Most artists think red, yellow and blue are the pure colours.
C．In the print industry, if you mix all the colours, you will get gray.
D．Scientists agree with artists on the colour systems.
(三)
Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is also the color of most growing plants.Sometimes, the word “green” means young, fresh and growing. For example, a greenborn is someone who has no experience. In the 15 th century, a greenborn was a young cow or an ox whose borns(角)had not yet developed. A century later, a greenborn was a soldier who had no expericnce in war. By the 18 th century, a greenborn had the meaning it has today—a person who is new in a job.
Someone who is good at growing plants is said to have a green thumb(大拇指). The expression comes from the early 20 th century. A person with a green thumb can make plants grow quickly and well. The Green Revolution(绿色革命)is a name given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. It was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs.Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling, jealousy(嫉妒). The green eyed monster is not a dangerous animal from outer space. It is an expression used about 400 years ago by the British writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello”. It describes the unpleasant feeling when someone has something he wants.In most places in the world, a green light is a signal(信号)to move ahead. In everyday speech, a green light means approval(赞成)to continue with a project.
9．A person with a green thumb____.
A．is good at growing plants B．really has a green thumb
C．has no experience in war D．is new in a job
10．A man may meet the green eyed monster if ____.
A．he sees a dangerous animal B．he can’t get something
C．he reads a sad play D．his friend gets a prize that he wants
11．This passage doesn’t mention the history of the expression “____”.
A．a green B．a greenborn C．the green eyed monster D．a green light 12．Which would be the best title of the passage
A．Green, the color of grass and trees B．The stories about the color “green”C．Green, a sign of approval D．Different meanings of “green”
(四)
Winning Color
You are getting ready to play a football match and you want to win. What color should you wear to help you win? You are getting ready to go to an interview and you want to succeed. What color should you wear to help you succeed? Strange questions, perhaps, but color could be the key to your success. Read on and find out how.The most popular color in Britain is black. Wearing black makes people feel more confident, but can often make you look unemotional. This may be why people sometimes think that British people don’t want to make a strong impression (印象). Although black is common in Britain, most people agree that in fact blue is the world’s favorite color. The students in school and the people who work in business often wear blue. Wearing blue will show that you are an effective and
hard-working person.Sometimes people mistakenly think that red makes you look strong and successful. However, you will be seen aggressive (好攻击的) if you choose red clothes. New information now says that yellow, not red, is the color of winning. Australia and Brazil are both very successful in the sporting world, and the sports things of both countries are yellow. Strangely enough, athletes who wear yellow glasses during a race can improve their time by up to half a second. Tests show that the yellow color makes them feel positive and energetic and could be the difference between a medal and no medal.So, next time you have an important event in your life—a race, a match, an exam or an interview—think about you clothes. The color of your clothes can change your life!
13．According to the passage, wearing black in Britain makes people feel ______. A．energetic B．Positive C．Successful D．confident
14．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．Sport — red or yellow? B．Race — winning or losing? C．Athletes — success or failure? D．Work and school — black or blue? 15．From the passage, we can learn that ______.
A．blue is the winning color
B．red makes you look strong
C．British people like wearing black
D．a hard-working person likes wearing yellow.
16．If you have an important match and you want to win, you'd better ______.
A．change your favorite color B．choose the color of winning
C．wear the most popular color D．know other players' favorite color
(五)
Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is the color of most growing plants, too.Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet finished or plants that are not____. For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns had not yet developed.
A century or so later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in war (战争). By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today--a person who is new in a job.About one hundred years ago, greenhorn was a popular expression in the American west. Old-timers used it to describe a man who had just arrived from one of the big
cities in the east. The greenhorn didn’t have the skills that he woul d need to live in the hard, rough country.Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from the early nineteen hundreds.A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.The Green Revolution (革命) is the name which was given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural (农业的) scientists who had green thumbs.
17．According to the passage, a greenhorn means________ now.
A．a young cow or ox whose horns have not yet developed
B．a soldier who has not had any experience in war
C．a person who is new in a job
D．a man who doesn’t have the skills to live in the country
18．The meaning of the underlined word “ripe” in the second paragraph is ________.
A．未完成的B．成熟的C．青涩的D．老练的
19．Which of the following about the Green Revolution is NOT right?
A．If there weren’t the Green Revolution, we would have no rice to eat.
B．The expression “the Green Revolution” appeared several years ago.
C．Because of the Green Revolution, we have more kinds of rice and other grains. D．Agricultural scientists with green thumbs started the Green Revolution.
20．We can know from the passage that _______.
A．all growing plants is green
B．green is the most important color in nature
C．a person with a green thumb can make plants grow well
D．the expression “a green thumb” has a history of two hundred years
21．The main idea of the passage is ________.
A．a greenhorn B．a green thumb
C．the Green Revolution D．the word “green” and its story
(六)
Different colours can affect us in many different ways; that’s according to Verity Allen. In a new programme “Colour me Healthy”, Verity looks at the ways that colours can
influence how hard we work and the choices we make. They can even change our emotions and even influence how healthy we are.“Have you ever noticed how people always use the same colours for the same things?” says Verity. “Our toothpaste is always white or blue or maybe red. It’s never green. Why not? For some reason we think that blue and white is clean, while we think of green products(产品)as being a bit unpleasant. It’s the same for businesses. We respect a company which writes its name in blue or black, but we don’t respect one that uses pink or orange. People who design（设计）new products can use these ideas to influence what we buy.”During the programme, Verity studies eight different colours, two colours in each part. She meets people who work in the colour industry, from people who design food packages, to people who name the colours of lipsticks. Some of the people she meets clearly have very little scientific knowledge to prove their ideas, such as the American “Colour Doctor” who believes that serious diseases can be treated successfully by th e use of coloured lights. However, she also interviews real scientists who are studying the effects of green and red lights on mice, with some surprising results. Overall, it’s an interesting show, and anyone who watches it will probably find out something new. But because Verity_________to be polite to everyone she meets on the programme, it’s up to you to make your own decisions about how much you should believe.
22．What’s Verity’s opinion about colours?
A．Colours help people choose products.
B．Different people prefer different colours.
C．Colours have influences on people in many ways.
D．People working in colour industry know little about colours.
23．What can you infer from Paragraph 2?
A．Colours influence people’s feelings and opinions.
B．People get ideas for new products from colours.
C．New products are popular because of colours.
D．Most companies prefer bright colours.
24．The underlined part “goes out of her way” probably means ______.
A．feels very pleased B．makes a special effort
C．goes on in her own way D．carries on very slowly
25．What’s the passage mainly about?
A．How people use colours. B．How colours influence people.
C．What happens in a programme. D．What makes a programme believable.
参考答案
1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C
【分析】
文章大意：本文主要讲述了颜色可以影响一个人的身心。据科学家说，颜色可以改变感情、影响行为、甚至导致身体的反应。颜色还可以被用来治疗疾病等。
1．细节理解题。根据文中的句子Research shows that babies cry more in yellow bedrooms，可知黄色不适合卧室，故答案选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文中的句子orange tends to improve a person's mood，可知橙色可以帮助改善一个人的情绪，故答案选D。
3．细节理解题。根据文中的句子the Egyptians built healing temples of light，which filtered some of the sun's rays and bathed patients in some colors to treat some illnesses.可知，古埃及人建造了光疗愈圣殿来治疗一些疾病，故答案选A。
4．段落大意题。根据最后一段第一句Recently, studies have shown that colors can influence us though we don't see them.“最近，研究表明，颜色可以影响我们，尽管我们看不到它们。”可知B选项though we don't see colors，they still affect us“虽然我们看不到颜色，但他们仍然影响我们。”符合题意，故答案选B。
答案。
5．主旨大意题。通过对整篇文章的理解，尤其是第一句Colors can influence a person's mind and body.可知，本文主要讲颜色可以影响人的意识和身体。结合选项，可知C选项Colors can affect a person's mind and body.“颜色可以影响一个人的身心。”符合题意，故答案选C。
6．B 7．C 8．D
【解析】科学家们和艺术家们对颜色体系的分类是不一样的，科学家们认为三原色是红、绿、蓝，而艺术家们认为三原色是红、黄、蓝。还有一种颜色体系是杂志印刷。
6．细节理解题。根据短文第一段中An artist will mix blue and yellow paint to get a shade of green; a scientist will mix green and red light to create yellow. The printed page in a magazine is yet another system可知，这里提到了三种颜色体系，一种是艺术家们的、一种是科学家们的，还有一种是杂志上的。故应选B。
7．细节理解题。根据短文第一段中a scientist will mix green and red light to create yellow.可知，科学家是把绿色和红色混合来得到黄色。由此可知应选C。
8．推理判断题。根据短文第一段中An artist will mix blue and yellow paint to get a shade of green; a scientist will mix green and red light to create yellow可知，科学家和艺术家他们的颜色体系是不一样的，故D不对，选D。根据第二段Scientists recognize the light primaries(原色) are red, green and blue. …T his colour model is used in computer monitors, television sets and theaters可知A是对的；根据Most artists recognize red, yellow and blue as the three basic primary colours可知B是对的；根据In the print industry, cyan (青色) , magenta ( 紫红色) , yellow and black are used as the primary colours. When you mix all the colours, the result is grey可知C是对的。点睛：这篇短文给我们介绍了三种不同的颜色体系。短文内容比较简单，容易理解。后面的题目也是以细节理解题为主，做题时，一定要分清科学家、艺术家以及杂志印刷上对颜色的不同分类，第1小题和第2小题在考点上是有重复的，都是根据第一段的相关信息做出的；第3小题稍微费点力，需要阅读后面三段的主要内容，进行判断，用排除法作答。
9．A 10．D 11．D 12．D
【解析】短文大意：绿色是自然界中一种重要的颜色，它是树叶和青草的颜色，这也是大多数生长中的植物的颜色。短文中作者给我们介绍了一些跟“green”这个词有关的习语和他们的历史，并且举了很多例子来解释他们的用法。最后又提到绿灯，在世界上大部分地方，绿灯是前进的信号，在日常用语中，绿灯表示同意继续进行某项工程。
9．细节理解题。根据短文中Someone who is good at growing plants is said to have a green thumb 可知，a green thumb指的是擅长种植植物的人，所以答案选A。
10．细节理解题。根据短文的最后一段可知，green也可以用来形容强烈的感情，例如嫉妒。It describes the unpleasant feeling when someone has something he wants如果有人得到了你没有的东西，你可能就会meet the green eyed monster，结合选项可知选D。
11．推理判断题。从文中可以看出，文中第二段对a greenhorn的用法从15世纪一直讲到了现在，即指明了发展史；文中第三段介绍的是green thumb的来历及发展，文章第四段讲述的是green-eyed monster的出处，因此greenhorn、green thumb、green-eyed monster的来历都已经在文章中指明了，唯独a green light没有阐明其来源，关于这个文章中只是提到现在的用法，即In most places in the world，a green light is a signal（信号）to move ahead．In everyday speech，a green light means approval（赞成）to continue with a project．因此答案选择D。12．主旨大意题。文章用大部分内容介绍了不同词组或修饰词中green的不同含义，因此可
知文章的主旨就是Different meanings of "green"，答案为D。
13．D 14．A 15．C 16．B
【解析】不同的颜色，可能会对人们的生活产生一定的影响。英国最流行的颜色是黑色，他们认为穿黑色使人感到更加自信。大多数人认为蓝色是世界上最受欢迎的颜色，学校里的学生和在商业界工作的人常常穿蓝色的衣服，穿蓝色会证明你是一个努力工作的人。在体育运动中，黄色能使运动员感到积极和精力充沛，因此黄色比红色更容易获胜。
13．D
细节理解题。根据短文中的句子“The most popular color in Britain is black. Wearing black makes people feel more confident”可知，在英国，穿黑色使人感到更加自信，故答案为D。
14．A
段落大意题。“New information now says that yellow, not red, is the color of winning.”是这一段的主题句，在体育运动中，黄色能使运动员感到积极和精力充沛，因此黄色比红色更容易获胜，答案为A。
15．C
细节判断题。根据第二段开头的句子“The most popular color in Britain is black.”可知，英国人喜欢穿黑色的衣服，故答案为C。
16．B
细节理解题。根据短文开头的句子“You are getting ready to play a football match and you want to win. What color should you wear to help you win?”可知，想要获得重要比赛的胜利，最好选择有助于你获胜的颜色，故答案为B。
17． C 18． B 19． A 20． C 21． D
【分析】
试题分析：短文大意：绿色是自然界中一种重要的颜色。它是树叶和青草的颜色。这也是大多数生长中的植物的颜色。有时，绿色意思是年轻的，新鲜和成长。有时，它也描述了一些尚未完成的或不成熟的植物。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段末By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today--a person who is new in a job.可知该选C.
18．词义猜测题。根据前面的句子Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet finished可推知该选B.
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段The Green Revolution (革命) is the name which was given some
years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural (农业的) scientists who had green thumbs.
可知该选A.
20．细节理解题。根据短文最后The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural (农业的) scientists who had green thumbs.可知该选C.
21．主旨大意题。读短文可知本文主要介绍了单词“绿色”以及它的故事，所以该选D.
考点：社会历史类阅读。
22． C 23． A 24． B 25． C
【分析】
不同的颜色在许多不同的方面会影响我们;这是根据Verity Allen，在一个新项目“颜色我健康”, Verity看着颜色可以影响我们如何努力工作,影响我们所做的选择。他们甚至可以改变我们的情绪,甚至影响健康。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句可知。
23．段落大意题。根据第二段可知B,C,D表述不准确。
24．细节理解题。
25．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知。
2020年中考语文现代文阅读真题练习(带答案)
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江西省2019年中考语文现代文阅读真题 马 吴伯箫 也许是缘分，从孩提时候我就喜欢了马。三四岁，话怕才咿呀会说，亦复刚刚记事，朦胧想着，仿佛家门前，老槐树荫下，站满了大圈人，说不定是送四姑走呢。老长工张五，从东院牵出马来，鞍鞯都已齐备，右手是长鞭，先就笑着嚷:跟姑姑去吧?说着.手揽上了鞍去，我就高兴着忸怩学唱:骑白马，吭铃吭铃到娘…… 人，说着就会慢慢儿长大的。坡里移来的小桃树，在菜园里都长满了-握。姐姐出阁了呢。那远远的山庄里，土财主。每次搬回来住娘家，母亲和我们弟弟，总是于夕阳的辉照中，在庄头眺望的。远远听见了銮铃声响，隔着疏疏的杨柳，隐约望见了在马上招手的客人，母亲总禁不住先喜欢得落泪，我们也快活得像几只鸟，叫着跑着迎上去。问着好，从伙计的手中接过马辔来，姐姐总说:“又长高了。”车门口，也是彼此问着好:客人尽管是一-边笑着，偷回首却是满手帕的泪。 家乡的日子是有趣的。大年初三四，人正闲，衣裳正新，春联的颜色与小孩的兴致正浓。村里有马的人家，都相将牵出了马来。雪掩春田，正好驰骤竞赛呢。崭新的年衣，咳笑的乱语，是同了那头上亮着的一碧晴空比着光彩的。骑马的人自然更是鼓舞有加喽。- .鞭扬起，真像霹雳弦惊，飕飕的那耳边风丝，恰应着一个满心的矜持与欢快。驰骋往返，非到了马放大汗不歇。毕剥的鞭炮声中，马打着响鼻，像是凯旋， 人散了。那是一幅春郊试马图。 那样直到上元，总是有骑马的亲戚家人来人往，驴骡而外，代步的就是马。那些日子，家里最热闹，年轻人也正蓬勃有生气。姑娘堆里，不是常常少不了戏请么?春酒筵后，不下象棋的，就出门遛几趟马。 孟春雨霁，滑達的道上，骑了马看卷去的凉云，麦苗承着残滴，草木吐着新翠，那一脉清鲜的泥上气息，直会沁人心脾。残虹拂马鞍，景致也是宜人的。 端阳，正是初夏，天气多少热了起来。穿了单衣，戴着箬笠，骑马去看戚友，在途中，偶尔河边停步，攀着柳条，乘乘凉，顺便也数数清流的游鱼，听三两渔父，应着活浪活浪的水声，哼着小调儿，这境界一品尚书是不换的，不然，远道归来，恰当日衔半山，残照红于榴花，驱马过三家村边，酒旗飘处，斜睨着“闻香下马”那么几个斗方大字，你不馋得口流涎么?才怪!鞭子垂在身边，摇摆着，狗咬也不怕。“小妞!吃饭啦，还不给我回家!"”你瞧，已是吃大家饭的黄昏时分了呢。把缰绳一提，我也赶我的路，到家掌灯了，最喜那满天星斗。 真是家乡的日子是有趣的。 当学生了，去家五里遥的城里。七天一回家，每次总要过过马瘾的。东岭，西洼，河埃，丛林，踪迹I殆遍殆遍。不是午饭都忘了吃么?直到父亲呵叱了，才想起肚子饿起来。反正父亲也喜欢骑马的，呵叱只是一种担心。啊，生着气的那慈爱喜悦的心啊! 祖父也爱马。除了像三国志那样几部老书。春天是好骑了马到十里外的龙潭看梨花的。秋来也喜去看矿山的枫叶。马夫，别人争也无益，我是抓定了的官差。本来么，祖孙两人，缓辔蹒跚于￥肠小道，或浴着朝歌，或披着晚霞，阅读着，同乡里交换问寒问暖的亲热的说话:右边一只鸟飞了，左边一只公鸡喔喔在叫，在纯朴自然的田野中，我们是陶醉着的。 最记得一个冬天，满坡白雪，没有风，老人家忽而要骑马出去了，他就穿了一袭皮袍，暖暖的，系一条深紫的腰带，同银白的胡须对比的也戴了-顶绛紫色的风帽，宽大几乎当得
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2019年中考英语阅读理解专题复习 (名师详细剖析解题技巧+实战训练，建议下载保存) (绝对精品文档，价值很高，值得下载打印) 一、解题技巧 英语阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面，阅读理解题是占篇幅最长的、最耗时间的、生词最多的、单题分值最高的题型，当然，阅读理解也成为了学生们头疼的题型， 下面就是初中英语阅读理解难点分析及高分秘诀，希望能助力同学们取得更好的成绩！ 初中英语阅读理解难点分析 1.单词不认识 很多同学都有这种感觉，平时课本上的单词自己都掌握了，为什么遇到阅读还是有很多看不懂呢?这类问题被归结为单词量不够。要解决这个问题，就是要多背单词，除此之外还 要摸索规律。 第一、人名、地名没必要较真。 英语中有大量的词总是大写第一个字母的，而他们也大多属于专有名词，表示人名，地名，事件。如Adela、Manchester、NATO。遇到这类词完全可以视若罔闻。 2.前缀、后缀有规律 英语中有些词通过前面或者后面加一些字母，就会变成另一个词。如，regular-- irregular，kind--kindness，前者通过加-ir变成起否定形式，后者通过在后面加-ness，变成了名词。归纳起来，一般说前缀变词义(如肯否定)，后缀变词性。只要记住这个原则，平时在学习时 有意识地去检验，积累各种加前后缀的形式，就不至于稍加变化就不认识了。
3.有的词是需要摸索的。 在阅读题中，有的词是在文章中有提示的，因为英语写作有个潜在的规则，词语若非不得已，不要重复。秉承这个原则，我们可以在文章的结构平行处找线索。或是反义词，或是 近义词，根据文章的具体情况，同学们不难做出一个比较有针对性的选择。 4.考纲单词必须熟记。 大纲要求的单词、平时做题总是遇到的单词，生活中会经常遇到的单词，这些词是同学们发挥才智，施展所有做题技巧的基础。没有特别好的方法，就是有恒心一直背：把单词表上的词分类，单独把不会的列出来，分批背，平时总是遇到又不认识的，用一本笔记本把他们都记下来，天天反复天天背。 文章看不懂 “单词我都认识，文章说什么我就是看不懂。”也许有的同学会这样说。问题可能出在这里： 第一、单词不是真的都认识。 英语中几乎每一个单词都不是只有一个释义，同学们所说的认识，也许只是这些单词的一个意思，有可能在文段中考查的是这个单词另外一个意思。这类情况要解决它，就把它当个生词来处理就行了。唯一不同的是，同学们对这类词的处理要注重在语境中理解，这样才能更好地区分不同词义。 第二、语法句式不熟。 这个原因更普遍一些。阅读中的句子有的是很长的，有的是很怪异的。长的可能是加了从句(主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句)，怪的则有可能是倒装、插入语，这些语法点。解决这个问题就要解决语法弱项，认真学好每个语法现象，多去用学过的语法去分
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19、膝下：父母 20、华盖：运气 21、函、简、笺、鸿雁、札：书信 22、庙堂：朝廷 作者作品 1、唐宋八大家：韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、王安石、曾巩 2、并称“韩柳”的是韩愈和柳宗元，他们是唐朝古文运动的倡导者。 3、一门父子三词客：苏洵(老苏)、苏轼(大苏)、苏辙(小苏)。 4、豪放派词人：苏轼、辛弃疾，并称“苏辛”; 婉约派词人：李清 照(女词人) 5、李杜：李白、杜甫。小李杜：李商隐、杜牧。 6、屈原：我国最早的伟大诗人，他创造了“楚辞”这个新诗体，开 创了我国诗歌浪漫主义风格。 7、孔子名丘，字仲尼，春秋时鲁国人，他是儒家学派的创始人，被 称为“孔圣人”，孟子被称为“亚圣”，两人并称为“孔孟”。 8、苏轼称赞王维“诗中有画，画中有诗。” 9、杜甫是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，其诗广泛深刻的反映社会现实，被称为“诗史”，杜甫也所以被尊为“诗圣”，有的“三吏”：《潼 关吏》、《石壕吏》、《新安吏》;“三别”：《新婚别》、《垂老别》、《无家别》。 10、我国第一部纪传体通史是《史记》(又称《太史公书》)，作者 是汉朝的司马迁，鲁迅称《史记》为“史家之绝唱，无韵之《离骚》”，有：12本纪、30世家、70列传、10表、8书，共130篇。
2019中考英语阅读理解试题
假设你是B哦，你的同桌感冒了，请你阅读下面这段短文，然后给他写一封关于怎样预防感冒的信，现在已经基本为你写好了。请仔细阅读短文，然后根据短文内容在横线上填上恰当的单词，每条横线不准超过4个单词。 It’s easy for us teenagers to catch cold in winter and spring. But we can do a lot to stay healthy. Here is some advice. \ Wash your hands often, which will stop germs (细菌) passing from one person to another. Don’t use your hands when coughing. Use a tissue (纸巾), and then throw it away at once.Turn your head away from people near you when you are coughing. Get some fresh air. Germs like staying in dry and warm rooms. So you’d better keep your windows open at night when you are sleeping, or you won’t have enough fresh air. If flu (流感) is going round your house or school, you should try to stay away from those who are ill. Boil (煮) your toothbrush for about a minute, which kills germs. Dear Mark, I’m sorry hear that you’ve got a cold. Have you seen the doctor yet? Well, just do as the doctor tells you. It is easy for us to catch cold in such weather. I’ve just read a passage about how to keep away form cold. Now, let me tell you about you about it. First, you should often wash your hands because that can (86) __________________from one to another. Second, when you are coughing, you’d better (87)__________________ and them throw it into a dustbin. Also if you are coughing,near somebody, you should (98) ___________________.Third, when you sleep at night, your windows (99) ___________________so that you can get enough fresh air. And fourth, wherever you are, you should try to stay away from those who got flu. Boil your toothbrush for a while now and then, so that germ (100) _____________________ Hope you will get better soon. Yours Bob Tokyo, London, and New York are among the largest cities in the world. Do you know how big and how old they are? How many famous places are there in these three cities? Well, Tokyo has the biggest number of people. It has 9,000,000 people. London, however, is the largest of the three. It covers 600 square miles. New York is almost as large. London is also much older than either Tokyo or New York. It is over 1,600 years old. Tokyo is the second oldest; it really began in 1457. New York is the youngest. Today there are many famous places in these three cities. The TV tower in Tokyo is over 1,000feet high. The two most important theatre districts in the world are in London and New York. Hundreds and thousands of visitors from foreign countries are visiting each of the three cities every day. All the three cities are playing an important role in the word affairs 56.Maybe there are_______ people in the city of London. A.9,000,000 B.8,000,000 C.9,300,000 D.10,000,000 57. New York is almost as large as________. A. London B. Tokyo C. Beijing D. Paris
2017年中考英语阅读理解三大理解方法
2017年中考英语阅读理解三大理解方 法 一、依据主题句定短文的中心 任意一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开并且由段落组成的；段落之间有着内在的紧密联系，而表达段落主题的句子叫主题句，通常置于段落的开头，有时在段落末尾和中间；其它的句子是用来说明和阐述主题句的；若把一个个主题句加以整理，你能悟出其中心思想，同时还可以回避、排除个别生词、难句（等困难信号）所带来的干扰，但也有一些文章的中心思想常贯穿在全文中，因而要综观全文，对全文有一个透彻的理解才行。 如： My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasn"t wonderful, but we had everything we needed （beds, blankets, food ）， and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air. On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends, Kevin and Simon, while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didn"t know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area. We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors, but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves （岩洞） first. Climbing out was harder than going in, but after a good deal of pushing, we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud, we were pleased and excited by what we"d done. This passage mainly talks about ______________. A. the writer"s friends at the Activity Center B. the writer"s experience at the Activity Center C. outdoor sports at the Activity Center D. how to go rock-climbing and caving
2019年初中六册语文书文学常识整理
初中六册语文书文学常识整理 七年级（上） 1.《春》作者朱自清，字佩弦，现代散文家、诗人、学者，著有诗文集《踪迹》，散文集《背影》《欧游杂记》《背影》等。 2.《济南的冬天》作者老舍，现代作家。原名舒庆春，字舍予。主要作品有小说《骆驼祥子》《四世同堂》。戏剧《茶馆》《龙须沟》等。 3.《雨的四季》作者刘湛秋。 4.曹操，字孟德，东汉末年政治家、军事家、诗人。诗歌《蒿里行》《观沧海》《龟虽寿》。 5.《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》的作者李白，字太白，号青莲居士，唐代诗人。 6.马致远，号东篱，大都人，元代戏曲作家，因《天净沙?秋思》而被称为“秋思之祖”。“天净沙”是曲牌名。 7. 《散步》作者莫怀戚。 8.《金色花》作者泰戈尔，印度文学家，著有诗集《吉檀迦利》《新月集》《园丁集》等。 9.《荷叶·母亲》作者冰心，原名谢婉莹，现代作家。著有诗集《繁星》《春水》、散文集《寄小读者》等。 10.《世说新语》记载很多魏晋时早慧儿童故事，《咏雪》的谢朗、谢道韫、《陈太丘与友期》的元方等。《世说新语》是南朝宋时期的刘义庆组织一批文人编写的一部志人小说集。 11.《从百草园到三味书屋》选自散文集《朝花夕拾》，作者是鲁迅，原名周树人，是我国著名的文学家、思想家、革命家。代表作有小说集《呐喊》《彷徨》《故事新编》，散文诗集《野草》和杂文集《坟》《热风》《且介亭风波》。本文这是一篇描写童年生活趣事的文章。 12.《再塑生命的人》选自《假如给我三天光明》，作者是海伦?凯勒，美国女作家、教育家、慈善家。她的一生得到安妮?莎莉文老师的巨大帮助。 13. 《论语》是儒家经典著作之一，与《大学》《中庸》《孟子》并称为“四书”。《论语》共20篇，由孔子的弟子及再传弟子编写，以语录体和对话体为主，记录了孔子及其弟子的言行。孔子，名丘，字仲尼，春秋时期鲁国人，儒家学派创始人。 14.《纪念白求恩》作者毛泽东。白求恩，国际主义战士、加拿大共产党员、著名医生。 15.《植树的牧羊人》作者让·乔诺，法国作家、电影编剧。 16.《走一步，再走一步》作者莫顿·亨特，美国作家、心理学家。 17.《诫子书》作者诸葛亮，字孔明，三国时蜀汉政治家、军事家。诫，告诫、劝勉。子，一般认为是指诸葛亮的儿子诸葛瞻，书，书信。 18.《猫》作者郑振铎，作家、翻译家、文学史家。 19.《动物笑谈》节选自《所罗门王的指环》，作者是奥地利动物行为学家、科普作家康拉德·劳伦兹，获1973年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。、 20.《狼》选自《聊斋志异》，作者是清代文学家蒲松龄，字留仙，世称聊斋先生，著有文言小说集《聊斋志异》。 21.《皇帝的新装》，作者是丹麦的安徒生，代表作有童话《卖火柴的小女孩》《海的女儿》《丑小鸭》《夜莺》等。 22.《天上的街市》作者是现代作家郭沫若。代表作有诗集《女神》《星空》，历史剧《屈原》《虎符》《棠棣之花》。 23.《女娲造人》作者袁珂，该神话故事原出于《风俗通》。 24、《赫耳墨斯和雕像者》《蚊子和狮子》寓言故事选自《伊索寓言》，作者是古希腊善讲寓言讽刺权贵的作家伊索。其中赫拉是古希腊神话中的女神，宙斯之妻。 25、《穿井得一人》节选自《吕氏春秋》，又称《吕览》。由战国末秦相吕不韦集合门客共同编写而成。从丁氏的角度看，给我们的启发是：讲述事情要清楚，不能让别人产生误解。 26、《杞人忧天》节选自《列子》，作者是列御寇，相传为战国时的道家人物。这则寓言故事讽刺的是那些害怕不可能发生的灾祸，徒然自扰的庸人。