不定代词专题

不定代词专题

不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。不定代词不仅具有名词和形容词的特征，而且还有可数和不可数之分。不定代词是英语中最重要的一类代词，它不仅数量多、用法复杂，而且也是英语考试中的一个重要的考点。

示“任何人”；everyone与everybody同义，均表示“每人”。

一、与“没有，都不”有关的不定代词：none, no one, no, neither

举例：

________ (None / No one) of them passed the exam. (作主语)

I’ve read ________ (none / no one) of the books. (作宾语)

________ (None / No one) in our class likes listening to that story.

No one knows the answer ________ (of / to) the question.

—How many people are there in the room? —____________ (一个也没有).

—Who went there yesterday? —____________ (没有人).

2. no是形容词性不定代词，只能作定语修饰可数或不可数名词，相当于“not a / an + n.”或“not any +n.”。例如：

I have no money. = I do not have ________ money.

There is no bird in the tree. = There is not ________ bird in the tree.

3. neither表示“两个之中任何一个都不”，可作主语，宾语和定语。neither作主语时，谓语动词往往用单数形式。例如：

They __________ (邀请) Mary and Ann, but neither of them came to the party. (作主语)

The bus can stop on neither ________ (边) of the road. (作定语)

二、与“一个”有关的不定代词：it, one, that, either, any

it意为“它”，指代上文提到过的同一个单数名词。one意为“一个”，指代上文提到过的单数名词中的同类名词，其复数形式为ones。

两者进行比较，为了避免重复，that用来替代上文中的可数名词单数(相当于the one)或不可数名词；those用来替代上文中的可数名词复数。

either表示“两个中的任意一个”。any用于肯定句时，表示“多个中的任何一个”。例如：This is my cat. Do you like ________? 这是我的猫。喜欢它吗？

This book is much more interesting than that ________. 这本书比那一本有趣得多。

The book you borrowed is the same as ________ I bought. 你借的书和我买的一样。

They’re both good. You can take ________ of them. 这两个都不错。你可以买任一个。

The apples on the table are bigger than ________ on the floor. 桌子上的苹果比地上的大。The weather in Hubei is warmer than ________ in Shaanxi. 湖北的天气比陕西的更温暖。

He doesn’t want the small apples; he wants the big ________. 他不想要这些小苹果；他想要那些大的。

I have many interesting books. You can borrow ________ if you like. 我有许多有趣的书。你可以借任一本。

三、与“每一个”有关的不定代词：every, each

every的意思是“每一个”、“一切”，它只具有形容词的性质，在句中只能作定语。它用于修饰可数名词的单数形式，所描述的对象是两个以上(两个用each)。

each的意思是“每一个”，具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语等，可以指人也可以指物，描述对象为两个或两个以上。作定语时，修饰可数名词的单数形式。与every相比，each强调个别性，every着重整体性。此外，each可以和of连用，而every则不能直接接of，但each of…= every one of…。例如：

________ of us has a story book. 我们每一个人都有一本故事书。(作主语)

They ________ have a dictionary. 他们每人都有一本词典。(作同位语)

He gave us two apples ________. 他给我们每人两个苹果。(作同位语)

The teacher gave one book to ________ of the students. 老师给了每个学生一本书。(作宾语) ________ child can receive a present today. 每个孩子今天都可以收到一份礼物。(作定语) 四、与“都，所有”有关的不定代词：both, all

both指两个人或物，而all指三个或三个以上的人或物；两者都可作主语、定语、宾语、表语和同位语。例如：

________ of the girls in our class are good at English. 我们班所有女生都擅长英语。(作主语) Father will take ________ of the children to the park. 爸爸将要带两个孩子去公园。(作宾语) They ________ like their new teacher. 他们都喜欢他们的新老师。(作同位语)

【注意】all可与单数或不可数名词连用，both只能和复数名词连用。例如：

The old man has lived here ________ his life. 老人已经在这里住了一辈子了。

She has spent ________ the money on the books. 她已经把她所有的钱都花在书上了。

六、与“一些”有关的不定代词：some, any

some和any是表示不定数量的代词，意为“一些”，都具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。作定语时，所修饰的是可数名词复数或不可数名词。两者具体解析如下：

1. 一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句以及由if引导的条件状语从句中。

2. some有时可以用来修饰可数名词的单数，表示“某一个”。

3. some有时可用于疑问句，表示征求(对方的)意见，希望得到对方的肯定回答，多用于提建议的句型如Would you like…，Why not…，What / How about…等句型中。

4. any也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个”，其后接可数名词的单数。any other用于肯定句中，表示“其余的任何一个”，其后接可数名词的单数。例如：

If you have no paper, I’ll give you ________. 如果你没有纸，我给你一些。(作宾语)

If you have ________, give me ________. 如有你有，就给我们一些。(作宾语)

He asked me ________ questions. 他问了我几个问题。(作定语)

Are there ________ students in the classroom? 教室里有学生吗？(作定语)

________ of us are going by bike. 我们中有些人骑车去。(作主语)

Is there ________ left? 还有没有剩下的？(作主语)

Why not buy ________ flowers for her? 为什么不给她买一些花儿呢？

________ person is waiting for you at the gate. 有一个人在门外等你。

Take ________ book if you like. 你喜欢哪本书就拿哪本。

China is larger than ________ country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。

五、与“别的”有关的不定代词：another, other, others, the other, the others, else

another指三者或三者以上的另外一个，作定语修饰名词，可以单独用作主语或宾语。此外，another two = two more，表示“再来两个”。

other后接可数名词复数，相当于others，意为“其余的(并非全部)”。

the other后接可数名词复数，相当于the others，意为“其余的(全部)”。此外，the other还可用于表示两者之中的另一个，即one…the other…。

else意为“别的”，往往放在复合不定代词或疑问词之后。例如：

I don’t want to buy anything ________. 我不想买别的了。

Do you have any________ ideas? 你有没有别的想法？(作定语)

May I ask you ________ three questions? 我还可以问你三个问题吗？

I don’t like this jacket. Can you show me ________? 我不喜欢这件夹克，能让我再看一件吗？(作宾语)

I have two books. One is Chinese, ________ is English. 我有两本书。一本是中文的，另一本是英文的。(作主语)

What ________ can you see in the picture? = What ________ things can you see in the picture? 你还能在图片中看到什么？

There are thirty men teachers in our school, ________ are women teachers. 我们学校有30名男老师，其余的是女老师。

After class, some students are playing basketball, ________ are playing table tennis. 下课后，一些学生打篮球，另外一些在打乒乓球。

七、表示“数量多少”的不定代词：(a) few, (a) little, many, much

many和 (a) few修饰可数名词复数，much和 (a) little 修饰不可数名词，都可作主语、宾语或定语。a few和a little表示肯定，意为“有几个/一点儿”；few和little表示否定，意为“几乎没有”；many和much意为“许多”。例如：

Only ________ of them want to go. 他们中只有几个人想去。(作主语)

There is ________ water in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有水了。(作定语)

There is ________ to be done about it. 对于这件事没什么可做的。(作主语)

________ of the problems have been solved. 很多问题已经被解决了。(作主语)

They have finished ________ of the work. 他们已经完成了很多工作。(作宾语)

Only ________ people can solve this problem. 只有几个人能解决这个问题。(作定语)

You mean bananas? They have ________ left. 你是说香蕉？他们几乎没有了。(作宾语)

八、由some-, any-, no-, every-, 与-thing, -body, -one构成的复合不定代词：someone, anyone, somebody, anybody等复合不定代词都可作主语，宾语或表语。someone, something, somebody一般用于肯定句；anyone, anything, anybody一般用于否定句和疑问句，当它们用于否定句时，相当于no one, nothing和nobody。当not和every-连用时，表部分否定；若表全部否定，则改为no-。例如：

________ is looking for you outside. 有人在外边找你呢。

There is ________ but a glass of water here. 这里只剩下一杯水了。

Not ________ in this room is round. 这间屋子里并非每个东西都是圆的。

I don’t think there is ________ important in today’s newspaper.

我认为今天的报纸上没有什么新的内容。

The question is so easy that ________ in our class can answer it easily.

这个问题如此地简单以至于我们班任何人都能轻易地答出来。

例题

1. —Would you like some pear juice?

—Yes, please. It’s my favorite. I think ________ is more delicious than pear juice.

A. something

B. anything

C. nothing

D. everything

2. —It snowed heavily last night. Is everyone here today?

—Yes, and ________ of us was late for school this morning.

A. either

B. neither

C. none

D. no one

3. Unfortunately I was sitting at the table with smokers on ________ side of me.

A. either

B. both

C. other

D. all

4. I always believe that ________ is difficult if we try our best to do it.

A. something

B. anything

C. everything

D. nothing

5. There are enough cups for each visitor to have ________.

A. one

B. it

C. this

D. that

6. —I still want to drink something. May I have ________ cup of juice?

—Certainly. Here you are.

A. other

B. more

C. another

D. else

7. The weather in Hainan is quite different from ________ of Heilongjiang.

A. it

B. one

C. this

D. that

8. —Mom, what would you like, coffee or tea? —________. Just water, please.

A. Either

B. Both

C. Neither

D. None

9. My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful with trees and flowers on________ sides of the road.

A. all

B. both

C. neither

D. either

10. Our teacher was very happy because ________ failed the examination.

A. somebody

B. nobody

C. anybody

D. everybody

11. When our teacher heard of the news, he was too angry to say ________.

A. everything

B. nothing

C. something

D. anything

12. Come here, I’ll tell you ________ about your study. —OK, we’re coming.

A. anything important

B. something important

C. important anything

D. important something

13. —Do you need an apple or a pear? —________, I really don’t mind.

A. Both

B. None

C. Either

D. Neither

14. —Wow, so many new buildings! But it used to be a poor village.

—Yes. ________ has changed in our hometown.

A. Nothing

B. Nobody

C. Everything

D. Everybody

15. —Which way do you prefer, reading online or reading on paper?

—________. Sometimes I read online, sometimes I read on paper.

A. Both

B. None

C. Either

D. Neither

16. I tried two bookshops for the dictionary I wanted, but ________of them had it.

A. either

B. both

C. neither

D. none

17. —Mike, have you ever been to the Water Park with your sisters?

—________ of us has. We’ll plan to go there together this weekend.

A. Neither

B. None

C. All

D. Both

18. Of the three reading rooms, one is near, ________ two are far.

A. other

B. the others

C. the other

D. another

19. I bought a smart phone (智能手机) yesterday, and it works well, would you like to buy ________ like this?

A. it

B. this

C. one

D. that

20. —Is there ________ in today’s newspaper? —Yes, quite a lot.

A. anything interesting

B. something interesting

C. interesting anything

D. interesting something

21. —Have you watched the TV report about MERS?

—Yes, it’s _________ new dangerous disease.

A. the other

B. another

C. others

D. other

22. —Do you know Lily and Lucy?

—Yes, but the twins look so similar that I always mistake one for ________.

A. the other

B. the others

C. another

D. other

23. —What’s in your box? —There’s ________ in it. It’s empty.

A. everything

B. something

C. anything

D. nothing

24. We can’t do it that way—but whether it will work is ________ matter.

A. other

B. another

C. each

D. every

25. Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We have ________ time left.

A. few

B. a few

C. little

D. a little

26.—The East Lake is not far from the Yellow Crane Tower, so you can easily visit ____ in a day.

—Fantastic! I can’t wait for it.

A. none

B. both

C. all

D. either

27.—Would you like some more noodles, Celia?

—Yes, just ________, please.

A. a few

B. few

C. a little

D. little

28. The children ________ received a bag and some pencils.

A. each

B. every

C. each one

D. every one

29. There is ________ wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.

A. anything

B. something

C. nothing

D. everything

30. —Who taught Zhu Zhiwen to sing?

—________! He learned singing by himself.

A. Everybody

B. Somebody

C. Nobody

D. Anybody