考研英语语法讲解(时态和语态)

考研英语语法讲解(时态和语态)
考研英语语法讲解(时态和语态)

考研英语语法讲解

第一部分

一、时态、语态

时态、语态需要掌握的要点:

1.以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时,同样不用于完成进行时:

(1)表示感知的动词:hear, feel, notice, recognize, see,taste, smell;

(2)表示意愿、情感的动词:desire, dislike, forgive, hate,like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love, hate;

(3)表示思考、看法的动词:believe,doubt,expect,forget,hope,feel,mean,know,agree,realize,mind,recall, recollect, remember, trust, suppose;

(4)表示所有、占有的动词:belong to,owe,own,possess, hold(容纳);

(5)其他动词:cost,appear,concern,contain,consist,deserve, matter, seem.

如:

I''d say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal. (1997年考研题,belong表示归属,不用于进行式)

He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night.

(1990年考研题,see表示结果,不用于进行式)

2.不用will/shall表达将来时的形式:

(1)be going to表示现在的打算和意图;

(2)arrive,come,drive,go,leave,retire,return,set off, start, take off等表示移位的动词的进行体表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作;

(3)be to (do)表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事,如:

Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided.

(4)be about to (do)表示将要(做),如:

Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his political leaders.

(5)be on the point /verge of (doing)表示“马上就要”,一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用;

(6)be,begin,come,depart,get off,go,leave,return,start的一般现在时表示按日历或时刻表要发生的将来动作或事件,如:

If you want your film to be properly processed,you''ll have to wait and pick it up on Friday, which is the day after tomorrow.

(画线部分一般不用will be)

(7)在时间、条件、让步从句中,一般现在时代替将来时,但要注意区别从句的类型,如:

I don''t know where he will go tomorrow.我不知道他明天去哪儿。(宾语从句)

I''ll tell him when you will ring again.我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。(宾语从句)

比较:I''ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。(状语从句)

(8)在make sure,make certain,see (to it)后的that从句中,谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,如:

See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn''t know the answer to last time.

(include不能用will include或其他形式)

3.完成时是时态测试的重点,注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语:

(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过去完成时。如:

We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.

Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.

(表示1919年时已发生的情况)

(2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时。如:

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.

I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.

(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months,主句用现在完成时,但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中,主句更多的时候不用完成时。如: The changes that howe taken place place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.

It is four years since John left school.

(4)在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中,谓语动词常用现在完成时。如:

It isn''t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.

(5)在no sooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when/before…句型中,主句常用过去完成时。

(6)其他与完成时连用的时间状语:all this while,all this year, for some time, so far, already, before, just, long, yet 等。

4.完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去。

如:

The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened.

The school board listened quietly as John read the demand that his followers had been demonstrating for.

时态、语态答题思路:

(1)先根据选项的区别点确定考题要点为时态,然后回到题句中寻找给出的或暗示的时间状语,缩小选择范围,进而选出正确答案;

(2)根据谓语动词与句子主语或非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系,确定句子是主动语态还是被动语态。

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即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如:weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态:一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中,动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中,所以叫现在进行时; 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中,动词由原形do 变成have done的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态,所以叫现在完成时; 在“They always do their exercises.”中,动词用原形do 的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此,所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中,动词do 虽然用了不同的形态,其意义没有变化,而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 (三)时态详解 16个时态中,常用的有12个:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。

考研英语语法总结

考研英语语法总结

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一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用 虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用除了可以表示条件外,还可以表示比较、结果、目的等。虚拟语气用于表示条件的状语从句中,一般称为虚拟条件句。根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句中谓语动词时态的变化可能有三种形式,即现在、过去和将来。 If it did, it would open upits diversity program, now focus ed narrowly onrace and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.(2001年TEXT1) 这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。Ifit did是条件状语从句。主句中主语是it;谓语动词有两个,分别是would open up...和look for...。 这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,从句用一般过去时,主句用would+动词原形open up和look for。 参考译文:如果它能注意这个问题的话,它就会拓展其雇员多样化项目,而目前的项目只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工,去雇佣那些在世界观、价值观、教育背景及社会阶层方面各不相同的记者。 二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 虚拟语气除了用作状语从句中外,还可以用作主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等名词性从中。 第一,虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用 当it作形式主语,后面用形容词作表语,即在it is + adj.这样的句型中,当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable,critical,crucial,desirable,essential,impe rative,important,incredible,inevitable,necessary,recommend,strange,urgent等形容词时,主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气,如果是现在时,谓语动词用should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略);如果是过去时,则用sho uld/would + have done的形式。 Itwas inevitablethat thisprimacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Justas inevitably,the retreat from predominance proved painful.

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一、时态、语态需要掌握的要点: 1.以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时,同样不用于完成进行时: (1)表示感知的动词:hear, feel, notice, recognize, see, taste, smell; (2)表示意愿、情感的动词:desire, dislike, forgive, hate, like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love, hate; (3)表示思考、看法的动词:believe, doubt, expect, forget, hope, feel, mean, know, agree, realize, mind, recall, recollect, remember, trust, suppose; (4)表示所有、占有的动词:belong to, owe, own, possess, hold(容纳); (5)其他动词:cost, appear, concern, contain, consist, deserve, matter, seem。 如:I’d say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal. (1997年考研题, belong表示归属,不用于进行式) He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night. (1990年考研题,see表示结果,不用于进行式) 2. 不用will/shall表达将来时的形式: (1)be going to表示现在的打算和意图; (2)arrive, come, drive, go, leave, retire, return, set off, start, take off等表示移位的动词的进行体表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作;

初中英语语法知识—动词时态的难题汇编及解析

一、选择题 1.— Could you please tell me yesterday? — In the bookshop nearby. A.Where you bought the book B.Where you buy the book C.Where did you buy the book D.Where do you buy the book 2.—Rose, can you give me a hand? —Just a minute. I ______ the followers. A.am watering B.have watered C.watered D.water 3.We’re not sure _______ there’ll be _______ or not tomorrow. A.if; rains B.if; rainy C.whether; raining D.whether; rain 4.Miss Brown, we ______ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now? A.finish B.finishing C.are finished D.have finished 5.—Mom, can you teach me how to pronounce the words? —Wait a minute. I ________. A.am cooking B.cook C.cooked D.will cook 6.Dick __________ in America, but he has been ___________ Chinese food since he moved to China. A.used to live; used to eating B.is used to live; used to eat C.is used to live; used to eating D.used to living; used to eat 7.My mother _____ dinner when I got home yesterday. A.has cooked B.was cooking C.will cook D.cooks 8.Which of the following is right? A.He is used to live there. B.My main job is spreading the message about protecting the environment. C.I have borrowed the book from the library for two weeks. D.Kids under 18 are not allowed to drive. 9.— Morning, Mike! Did you sleep well last night? — Yes. I went to bed at 9:30 because there ______ a math test this afternoon. A.was B.will be C.is going to have 10.Doctor Ray, as well as other scientists __________ trees for nearly 15 years, but they know only a little about them. A.study B.studies C.has studied D.have studied 11.My mother when I got home yesterday.

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