考研英语之语法练习题(含详细题释)00341

定语从句练习题

1. The settlers were unprepared for the long and patient toil ____ the soil would be made to yield crops.

[A] by which alone [B] so that [C] because [D] though

2. Most electronic devices of this kind, ____manufactured for such purposes, are tightly packed.

[A] that are [B] as are [C] which is [D] it is

3. The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments ____ the pictures speak for themselves.

[A] if [B] when [C] which [D] as

4. Children are likely to have less supervision at home ____ was common in the traditional family structure.

[A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as

5. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, ____ could go penniless by next year.

[A] the larger one [B] the larger of which

[C] the largest one [D] the largest of which

6. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ____ obtaining water is not the least.

[A] of which [B] for what [C] as [D] whose

7. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than ____ in the public mind today.

[A] exists [B] exist [C] existing [D] existed

8. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ____ his argument in favor of the new theory.

[A] which to base on [B] on which to base

[C] to base on which [D] which to be based on

9. ____ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.

[A] What [B] That [C] It [D] As

10. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____ going on in the world.

[A] it is [B] as is [C] there is [D] what is

11. I’ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school ____ twenty years ago.

[A] about [B] since [C] till [D] with

12. He studied hard at school when he was young, ____ contributes to his success in later life.

[A] which [B] therefore [C] who [D] so that

13. The minister was the person ____.

[A] in whose honor the state dinner was given [B] whom the state dinner was given in honor

[C] for him the state dinner was given honor [D] whose honor the state dinner was given

14. This is an exciting area of study, and one ____ which new applications are being discovered almost daily.

[A] from [B] by [C] in [D] through

15. ____ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the

patient in the modification of his condition.

[A] As [B] What [C] That [D] It

16. He had more dictionaries than ____ for his work.

[A] they are needed [B] were necessary

[C] it was needed [D] necessary were they

17. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than ____ in traditional media.

[A] exist [B] exists [C] existing [D] to exist

18. When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established ____ time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.

[A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless

19. ____ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, “There has to be coordination of programs. What’s need is a package deal.”

[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus

20. The Great Wall is the place ____ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.

[A] where [B] which [C] of which [D] in which

名词从句练习题

21. In actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. ____ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.

[A] What little [B] So much [C] How much [D] So little

22. Prof. Lee’s book will show you ____ can be used in other contexts.

[A] that you have observed [B] that how you have observed

[C] how that you have observed [D] how what you have observed

23. I will give this dictionary to ____ wants to have it.

[A] whomever [B] someone [C] whoever [D] anyone

24. They lost their way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.

[A] that [B] it [C] what [D] which

25. Although ____ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.

[A] which [B] what [C] how [D] it

26. ____ is no reason for discharging her.

[A] Because she was a few minutes late [B] Owing to a few minutes being late

[C] The fact that she was a few minutes late [D] Being a few minutes late

27. Concerns were raised ____ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.

[A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that

28. ____our team seems to lack at the moment is the determination ____ it will win.

[A] Whatever; that [B] What; that

[C] That; whether [D] Whether; that

29. It’s doubtful ____ the government of that country can accept them as permanent residents.

[A] whether [B] that [C] how [D] what

30. You may rely on ____ everything will be ready by Monday.

[A] that [B] what [C] which [D] it that

状语从句练习题

31. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ____ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.

[A] as [B] which [C] that [D] what

32. Give me your telephone number ____ I need your help.

[A] whether [B] unless [C] so that [D] in case

33. ____ born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York city.

[A] Although [B] Since [C] As [D] When

34. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been establishment.

[A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing

35. We are extremely sensitive to smells, ____ we do not generally realize it.

[A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if

36. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ____ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.

[A] so that [B] but that [C] in that [D] provided that

37. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me ____ she could remember who last borrowed it.

[A] ever since [B] much as [C] even though [D] if only

38. ____industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower is booming.

[A] For [B] Because [C] As [D] Since

39. ____ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers.

[A] Even though [B] Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that

40. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ____ it comes to

classroom tests.

[A] before [B] as [C] since [D] when

41. There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be re-educated no matter ____ he does.

[A] how [B] where [C] what [D] when

42. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ____ you don’t mind taking the night train.

[A] provided [B] unless [C] though [D] until

43. The engineers are going through with their highway project, ____ the expenses have risen.

[A] even though [B] just because [C] now that [D] as though

44. It is ____ that we’ll have to be very careful.

[A] a so big work [B] a so big job [C] such a big job [D] such a big work

45. ____ it is you’ve found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to.

[A] That [B] Because [C] Whatever [D] However

46. She can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework ____ hard she tries.

[A] for [B] as [C] how [D] however

47. ____ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.

[A] For now [B] Since that [C] Now that [D] By now

48. ____the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter.

[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that

49. On a raining day I was driving north through Vermont ____ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston”.

[A] which [B] where [C] when [D] that

50. The draft bill will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case ____ a trial begins.

[A] since [B] if [C] before [D] as

51. ____they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious.

[A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because

52. A variety of activities should be organized ____ participants can remain active as long as they want.

[A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if

53. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive ____ avoiding market cycles.

[A] but [B] while [C] and [D] whereas

倒装、强调和省略结构练习题

1. ____ will Bill be able to impress his boss.

[A] With hard work [B] By hard work

[C] Only with hard work [D] Through hard work

2. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar ____ write correctly.

[A] you will [B] you can [C] can you [D] can’t you

3. Humble ____ it may be, there’s no place like home, where he may go.

[A] although [B] as [C] how [D] which

4. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ____ a sudden loud noise.

[A] being there [B] should there be

[C] there was [D] there having been

5. The business of each day, ____ sellin goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

[A] it being [B] be it [C] was it [D] it was

6. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ____ all practical value by the time they were finished.

[A] could lose [B] would have lost

[C] might lose [D] ought to have lost

7. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ____ the atmosphere.

[A] as it is [B] the same as [C] so is [D] and so is

8. ____ do we go for picnic.

[A] Certainly [B] Sometimes [C] Seldom [D] Once

9. Vitamins do not provide energy, ____ do they construct or build any part of the body.

[A] either [B] so [C] nor [D] never

10. ____ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.

[A] Had it not been [B] Were it not

[C] Be it not [D] Should it not be

11. Only when you have obtained sufficient data ____ come to a sound conclusion.

[A] can you [B] would you [C] you will [D] you can

12. Wood does not conduct electricity; ____.

[A] so doesn’t rubber [B] also doesn’t rubber

[C] nor does rubber [D] nor rubber does

l3. So involved with their computers ____ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.

[A] became the children [B] become the children

[C] had the children become [D] do the children become

14. Church, as we use the word, refers to all religious institutions, ____ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.

[A] be [B] being [C] were [D] are

15. “____ during the performance of this trick, ladies and gentleman, do my hands actually leave my arms.” said the magician.

[A] On time [B] In no time [C] At no time [D] At times

16. ____, I still enjoy driving even after my accident.

[A] It may seem strange though [B] Strange though it may seem

[C] Though strange it may seem [D] Strange it may seem though

l7. In vain ____ to discover what had happened before they got there.

[A] did they try [B] they tried [C] tried they [D] they had tried

18. So fast ____ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.

[A] light travels [B] travels light

[C] does light travel [D] do light travel

19. Not until ____ himself seriously ill.

[A] did he complete the task he had found [B] had he completed the task did he find

[C] he completed the task had he found [D] he had completed the task did he find

20. Little ____ his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience.

[A] did we think [B] we think [C] we did think [D] we thought

虚拟语气练习题

21. If I were in the movie, then it would be about time that I ____ my head in my hands for a cry.

[A] bury [B] am burying [C] buried [D] would bury

22. In the past men generally preferred that their wives ____ in the home.

[A] worked [B] would work [C] work [D] were working

23. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ____ fully occupied the whole of last week.

[A] were [B] had been [C] have been [D] was

24. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ____ in

a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.

[A] is to be analyzed [B] has been analyzed

[C] be analyzed [D] should have been analyzed

25. A safety analysis ____ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.

[A] would identify [B] will identify

[C] would have identified [D] will have identified

26. I apologize if I ____ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.

[A] offend [B] had offended

[C] should have offended [D] might have offended

27. If you ____ Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.

[A] shouldn’t contact [B] didn’t contact

[C] weren’t to contact [D] hadn’t contacted

28. The board deemed it urgent that these files ____ right away.

[A] had to be printed [B] should have been printed

[C] must be printed [D] should be printed

29. If the doctor had been available, the child ____.

[A] would not die [B] would not have died

[C] could not die [D] had not died

30. Nothing terrible has happened—because we should certainly have been informed of it if it __.

[A] should happen [B] happen [C] would happed [D] had happened

31. But that he ____ short of money at the time he would have come to help us.

[A] had been [B] was [C] has been [D] would be

32. Mike’s uncle insists ____ in this hotel.

[A] staying not [B] not to stay

[C] that he would not stay [D] that he not stay

33. Look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I ____ your advice.

[A] follow [B] had followed [C] would follow [D] have followed

34. If you had worked hard before, you ____ worried about the coming examination now.

[A] would not be [B] would not have been

[C] are not [D] will not be

35. But for the traffic jam, we ____ earlier.

[A] should arrive [B] should have arrived

[C] shall arrive [D] have arrived

36. When he was asked why his friend had not accepted the offer, he suggested that his friend’s pride ____ him from accepting.

[A] prevents [B] prevented [C] prevent [D] should prevent

37. I didn’t go to the cinema to see The Titanic yesterday, but I do wish I ____it.

[A] see [B] have seen [C] saw [D] had seen

38. She wishes that she ____ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.

[A] studied [B] would study

[C] would have studied [D] had studied

39. I don’t know what courses I’m going to do next semester, but it’s about time ____ on something.

[A] I’d decide [B] I decided [C] I decide [D] I’m deciding

40. It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made.

[A] is not started [B] will not be started

[C] not be started [D] is not to be started

词组练习题

1. They have decided to ________ physical punishment in all local schools.

A) put away B) break away from C) do away with D) pass away

2. Individual sports are run by over 370 independent governing bodies whose functions usually include ________ rules, holding events, selecting national teams and promoting international links.

A) drawing on B) drawing in C) drawing up D) drawing down

3. She has recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of th e company’s client data, which she intended to ________ in starting her own business.

A) dwell on B) come upon C) base on D) draw upon

4. The high school my daughter studies in is ________ our university.

A) linked by B) affiliated with C) mingled with D) relevant to

5. While fashion is thought of usually ________ clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain.

A) in relation to B) in proportion to C) by means of D) on behalf of

6. The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it ________ into fragments.

A) broke off B) broke away C) broke through D) broke up

7. The detective and his assistant have begun to ________ the mysterious murder.

A) come through B) look into C) make over D) see to

8. The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to ________ when it arrived in New York.

A) go off B) get off C) come off D) carry off

9. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ________ how great their achievements are.

A) in spite of B) in ways of C) in favor of D) in terms of

10. David likes country life and has decided to ________ farming.

A) go in for B) go back on C) go through with D) go along with

11. Jack was about to announce our plan but I ________.

A) put him through B) turned him out C) cut him short D) gave him up

12. The politician says he will ________ the welfare of the people.

A) prey on B) take on C) get at D) see to

13. If you ________ the bottle and cigarettes, you’ll be much healthier.

A) take off B) keep off C) get off D) set off

14. Though ________ rich, he was better off than at any other period in his life.

A) by no means B) by some means C) by all means D) by any means

15. Advanced computer technology has ________ an answer to accurate weather forecasting.

A) set up B) come up with C) filled with D) faced up to

16. While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded ________ the nurse Florence Nightingale.

A) in line with B) in favour of C) in honour of D) in place of

17. When Jack was eighteen he ________ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.

A) took to B) took for C) took up D) took on

18. When they had finished playing, the children were made to ________ all the toys they had taken out.

A) put off B) put out C) put up D) put away

19. Julie is one of those women who always ________ the latest fashions.

A) look after B) keep up with C) go in for D) run for

20. Joe is not good at sports, but when it ________ mathematics, he is the best in the class.

A) comes to B) comes up to C) comes on to D) comes around to

21. Those who lie and cheat will never ________ it.

A) get on with B) get back to C) get away with D) get off with

22. He has ________ strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.

A) gone on B) gone in for C) gone with D) gone through with

23. The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary ________ too much work last week.

A) take to B) take out C) take away D) take on

24. We are quite sure that we can ________ our present difficulties and finish the task according to schedule.

A) get across B) get over C) get away D) get off

25. The news has just ________ that the president is going to visit China next month.

A) come out B) come up C) come down D) come about

词汇练习题

1. Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very ________.

A) obscure B) upsetting C) distant D) inferior

2. I was ________ by their kindness and moved to tears.

A) preoccupied B) embarrassed C) overwhelmed D) counseled

3. The person who ________ this type of research deserves our praise.

A) originated B) manufactured C) generated D) estimated

4. He believed that the greatest of his ________ was that he’d never had a college education.

A) grieves B) misfortunes C) disasters D) sorrows

5. As a ________ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.

A) flexible B) versatile C) sophisticated D) productive

6. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the ________ majority are inactive.

A) tremendous B) demanding C) intensive D) overwhelming

7. Although most dreams apparently happen ________, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.

A) spontaneously B) simultaneously C) homogeneously D) instantaneously

8. This kind of material can ________ heat and moisture.

A) delete B) compel C) constrain D) repel

9. Although he was on a diet, the food ________ him enormously.

A) inspired B) tempted C) overcame D) encouraged

10. Some fish have a greater ________ for acid water than others.

A) tolerance B) resistance C) dependence D) persistence

11. This is the ________ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.

A) true B) original C) real D) genuine

12. Since the two countries couldn’t ________ their differences, they decided to stop their negotiations.

A) rectify B) oblige C) reconcile D) obscure

13. Frankly speaking, your article is very good except for some ________ mistakes in grammar.

A) obscure B) glaring C) trivial D) rare

14. Franklin D. Roosevelt argued that the depression stemmed from the American economy’s ________ flaws.

A) underlining B) vulnerable C) vulgar D) underlying

15. Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was ________ in tropical countries.

A) prospective B) prevalent C) provocative D) perpetual

16. The cultures of China and Japan hare shared many features, but each has used them according to its national ________.

A) engagement B) destiny C) capacity D) temperament

17. David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much ________ to those who compete well.

A) prestige B) regime C) superiority D) legislation

18. Starting with the ________ that there is life on the planet Mars, the scientist went on to develop his argument.

A) foundation B) pretext C) premise D) presentation

19. The Christmas tree was decorated with shining ________ such as colored lights and glass balls.

A) luxuries B) ornaments C) exhibits D) complements

20. Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly ________ to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather sensitive people.

A) subjective B) subordinate C) liable D) vulnerable

21. In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and ________ in the classroom.

A) skeptical B) faithful C) obedient D) subsidiary

22. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.

A) prestige B) superiority C) priority D) publicity

23. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close ________.

A) temperament B) contamination C) scrutiny D) symmetry

24. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should ________ them as soon as possible.

A) rectify B) reclaim C) refrain D) reckon

25. Many scientists remain ________ about the value of this research program.

A) skeptical B) stationary C) spacious D) specific

26. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if ________ in any way.

A) intervened B) incurred C) provoked D) poked

27. As the trial went on, the story behind the murder slowly ________ itself.

A) convicted B) released C) haunted D) unfolded

28. Retirement is obviously a very complex ________ period; and the earlier you start planning for it, the better.

A) transformation B) transmission C) transaction D) transition

29. We work to make money, but it’s a ________ th at people who work hard and long often do not make the most money.

A) paradox B) prejudice C) dilemma D) conflict

30. A big problem in learning English as a foreign language is lack of opportunities for ________ interaction with proficient speakers of English.

A) instantaneous B) provocative C) verbal D) dual

31. They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely ________ with each other.

A) negotiated B) reconciled C) associated D) accommodated

32. There are occasions when giving a gift ________ spoken communication, since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language and cultural diversity.

A) overtakes B) nourishes C) surpasses D) enforces

33. Coffee is the ________ of this district and brings local farmers a lot of money.

A) elite B) majority C) spice D) staple

34. The boxer ________ and almost fell when his opponent hit him.

A) scattered B) shattered C) staggered D) stamped

35. A ________ official is one who is irresponsible in his work.

A) slack B) tedious C) timid D) suspicious

36. Any salesperson who sells more than the weekly ________ will receive a bonus.

A) portion B) allocation C) ratio D) quota

37. He could not ________ ignorance as his excuse; he should have known what was happening in his department.

A) plead B) resort C) petition D) reproach

38. Without any hesitation, she took off her shoes, ________ up her skirt and splashed across the stream.

A) tucked B) revolved C) twisted D) curled

39. Weight lifting, or any other sport that builds up your muscles, can make bones become denser and less ________ to injury.

A) attached B) prone C) immune D) reconciled

40. Optimism is a ________ shown to be associated with good physical health, less depression and longer life.

A) trail B) trait C) trace D) track

41. He was given major responsibility for operating the remote manipulator to ________ the newly launched satellite.

A) retreat B) retrieve C) embody D) embrace

42. An effort was launched recently to create the first computer ________ of the entire human brain.

A) repetition B) repression C) saturation D) simulation

43. The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many ________ references.

A) obscure B) acute C) notable D) objective

44. Foreign students are facing unprecedented delays, as visa applications receive closer ________ than ever.

A) appraisal B) scanning C) retention D) scrutiny

45. Back in the days when people traveled by horse and carriage, Karl Benz ________ the world with his extraordinary three-wheeled motor vehicle.

A) inhibited B) extinguished C) quenched D) stunned

定语从句题目解析

1. 正确答案为A项。空格之后是定语从句，修饰名词toil，从句前的介词by表示“依靠，凭借”。句子译文：“移民者对从事漫长而艰辛的劳作毫无准备，只有依靠这一点，土地才可以出产粮食。”

2. 正确答案为B项。定语从句修饰most electronic devices，所以从句中的动词应该是复数，that不能引导非限定性定语从句，所以选择as are。句子译文：“大多数为这些目的而生产的这种电子设备，包装得都很牢固。”

3. 正确答案为B项。由when引导的定语从句修饰moments。句子译文：“播音员必须懂得沉默的价值，懂得当画面不需要解说的时刻如何利用沉默。”

4. 正确答案为A项。本题考查由than引导的定语从句。被修饰的名词前出现less，其后应该有than与之对应，构成比较句型，同时，than又起到引导定语从句的作用。句子译文：“现在的孩子在家里受到的监管有可能比较少，而在过去的传统家庭结构中则很普遍。”

5. 正确答案为B项。which引导定语从句修饰two trust funds，两个中做比较应该使用比较级，所以选择the larger of which。句子译文：“社会保障退休计划由两笔信托资金组成，其中较大的一笔可能到明年就全部用光了。”

6. 正确答案为A项。obtaining water是problems之一，所以在定语从句引导词之前应该有一个表示范围的介词，介词of可以表示范围，所以选择of which。句子译文：“生活在澳大利亚中部沙漠有诸多困难，其中获取水源是一大难题。”

7. 正确答案为A项。由than引导的定语从句修饰anxiety，所以从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数。句子译文：“对觉察到的得癌症的危险的担心应该比公众心中的担心要少。”

8. 正确答案为B项。本题考查定语从句的省略表达，如果补充完整，应为on which he bases。句子译文：“教授几乎找不到充分的根据支持自己的观点来赞同这项新理论。”

9. 正确答案为D项。as引导的定语从句修饰从句后的主句。句子译文：“经济增长由生产的顺利发展决定，这一点得到普遍承认。”

10. 正确答案为C项。定语从句修饰everything，引导词被省略，从句是存在句型。句子译文：“没有谁会有时间去阅读或者收听对世界上正在发生的每件事情的描述。”

11. 正确答案为D项。本题考查定语从句中的介词。定语从句修饰girl，短语at school with sb. 表示“和某人是同窗”。句子译文：“我和20年前同窗的一位女孩一直保持着朋友关系。”

12. 正确答案为A项。which引导的定语从句修饰主句。句子译文：“他年轻时在学校里学习努力，这对他后来的成功起到了促进作用。”

13. 正确答案为A项。本题考查两点：其一，whose引导定语从句，表示“某人的”；其二，考查短语in honor of，表示“招待，为了向……表示敬意”。句子译文：“这位部长就是为其举行这次国宴的那个人。”

14. 正确答案为C项。应选择介词in，表示“在某个领域”。句子译文：“这是一个令人兴奋的研究领域，一个几乎每天都有新的应用被发现的研究领域。”

15. 正确答案为A项。只有as可以引导位于主句之前的定语从句，修饰后面的主句。句子译文：“通过对比这些数字可以看出，这个原则需要患者积极参与自己病情的改善。”

16. 正确答案为B项。than是定语从句引导词，在从句中作主语，因此从句无需再加主语。句子译文：“他的词典多得超出了工作需要的范围。”

17. 正确答案为A项。由than引导的定语从句修饰restrictions，因此从句中的谓语动词应该是复数形式。句子译文：“这些建议试图对使用和拷贝数字信息施加比对传统媒体更大的限制。”

18. 正确答案为A项。由where引导的定语从句修饰climate，where相当于in which。句子译文：“工作做好后，一种无事故操作的环境就被建立起来，在这种环境下，由于伤害造成的时间损失被保持在最低水平。”

19. 正确答案为C项。由as引导的定语从句修饰后面的主句。句子译文：“正如马萨诸塞州本特利学院社区服务系主任布洛特考斯克所说，‘各项目之间必须要有协调。所需要的是一揽子政策。’”

20. 正确答案为B项。引导词在从句中作动词visit的宾语。注意不要选择where，因为where相当于in which，作状语。句子译文：“长城是几乎所有来北京的游客都要去参观的地方。”

名词性从句题目解析

21. 正确答案为A项。本题考查有what引导的主语从句，引导词what在从句中作动词词组know about的宾语，little对what起修饰作用。句子译文：“实际上他对这个专业所知寥寥。他所了解的那一点点已经过时，而且也不准确。”

22. 正确答案为D项。本题的考点涉及两种语言现象。其一，由how引导宾语从句，作动词show的宾语；其二，由what引导主语从句，作can be used in other contexts部分的主语。句子译文：“李教授将告诉你如何把你所观察到的东西用于其他情况。”

23. 正确答案为C项。由whoever引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。需要注意的是，不能选择whomever，因为引导词在从句中作主语。句子译文：“无论谁想要这本词典，我就给谁。”

24. 正确答案为C项。本题考查由what引导主语从句，what表示“事情，情况”。句子译文：“他们在森林里迷了路，更糟糕的是夜幕开始降临。”

25. 正确答案为B项。本题同样考查what引导主语从句。句子译文：“尽管在那个发达国家所发生的事情听起来像科幻小说，但是这种事情可以发生在世界的任何其他地方。”

26. 正确答案为C项。本题考查that引导同位语从句。A项中的because只能引导状语从句，而不能引导主语从句；B项中的短语介词owing to同样不能引导主语从句；D项语法正确，动名词可以作主语，但是语义不完整，可改为Her being a few minutes late。句子译文：“她迟到几分钟，这个情况不能成为开除她的理由。”

27. 正确答案为D项。题干的主句是Concerns were raised，其后是一个同位语从句，修饰名词concerns，空白处缺引导词，从句内容完整，不需要意义的补充，所以应由that引导。句子译文：“有人表示担心，证人可能会受到鼓励，为了确保有罪的裁定而在法庭上夸大其词。”

28. 正确答案为B项。本题考查两种从句：由what引导主语从句；由that引导同位语，作名词determination 的同位语。句子译文：“目前我们队似乎缺乏的东西是取胜的决心。”

29. 正确答案为A项。本题考查whether引导主语从句，表示“是否”。句子译文：“该国政府是否会接受他们为永久性居民，还不能确定。”

30. 正确答案为D项。本题考查that引导宾语从句，作介词的宾语，但是不能直接置于介词之后，应该添加it作形式宾语。句子译文：“到周一为止，一切都会准备妥当，你可以放心。”

状语从句题目解析

31. 正确答案为C项。本题考查引导结果状语从句的so…that。句子译文：“在一个花大量时间倾听别人说话，以至于自己几乎已经丧失了表达自己观点的意愿和技能的社会中，谈话能力变得很弱。”

32. 正确答案为D项。连词whether表示“是否”；unless表示“除非，如果不”；so that，表示“为了”、“以至于”；in case表示“以防”。题干的后半部分表示前半部分的反向目的，所以应选择in case。句子译文：“告诉我你的电话号码，以防我需要你的帮助。”

33. 正确答案为A项。连词although表示“虽然”、“尽管”；since表示“既然”、“自从”；as表示“因为”、“当……时候”；when表示“当……时候”。题干的前后部分是让步关系，所以应选择although。句子译文：

“虽然出生在芝加哥，但是这位作家以写纽约题材的小说最为出名。”

34. 正确答案为C项。连词provided表示“以……为条件”、“如果”；since表示“既然”、“自从”；although 表示“虽然”、“尽管”；supposing表示“如果”、“假如”。题干的前后部分是让步关系，所以应选择although。句子译文：“所有这些条件往往会增加孩子犯罪的可能性，尽管还没有确定直接的因果关系。”

35. 正确答案为A项。连词even if表示“尽管”、“即使”；if only表示“要是”（通常跟虚拟语气）、“只要”；only if表示“只要”；as if表示“好像”。题干的前后部分是让步关系，所以选择even if。句子译文：“我们对气味极为敏感，尽管我们通常意识不到。”

36. 正确答案为C项。连词so that表示“为了”、“以至于”；but that表示“(不是……)而是”；in that表示“因为”；provided that表示“以……为条件”、“如果”。题干的前后部分是因果关系，所以应选择in that。句子译文：“氢是宇宙中最基本的元素，因为它为其他元素的产生提供材料。”

37. 正确答案为D项。连词ever since表示“自从”；much as表示“尽管”；even though表示“即使”；if only 表示“要是”（通常跟虚拟语气）、“只要”。句子译文：“图书出纳台的那位年长的图书馆人员承诺，只要她能够想起是谁最后一次借走这本书的，她就会给我找到这本书。”

38. 正确答案为C项。连词for和because都表示“因为”；但是前者的语气比后者弱；as既可以表示“因为”，也可以表示“当……时候”；since表示“因为”或者“自从”。题干的前半部分表示后半部分的时间，所以应选择as。句子译文：“正当通用和IBM这样的实业巨头通过减少雇员人数求得生存之时，Manpower 却在繁荣发展。”

39. 正确答案为A项。连词even though表示“尽管”、“即使”；now that表示“既然”；if only表示“要是”、“只要”；provided that表示“以……为条件”、“如果”。题干的前后部分是让步关系，所以应选择even though。句子译文：“尽管经济继续复苏，但是美国的兼职人员和临时工却越来越多。”

40. 正确答案为D项。when it comes to…是固定表达，意思是“当谈到……”、“当涉及到……”。句子译文：“做作业是提高考试成绩的一个有把握的途径，特别是在课堂测试中尤其如此。”

41. 正确答案为C项。从句中的动词does缺宾语，how，where和when都是副词，不能做动词的宾语，所以只能选择what。句子译文：“这个城市有100多所夜校，这使得职业人员可以重新接受教育，不管从事的是什么工作。”

42. 正确答案为A项。连词provided表示“以……为条件”、“如果”；unless表示“除非”、“如果不”；though 表示“虽然”、“尽管”；until表示“直到”。题干的后半部分是前半部分的条件，所以应选择provided。句子译文：“如果你不介意坐夜间的火车，你可以早点到北京参加会议。”

43. 正确答案为A项。连词even though表示“尽管”、“即使”；just because表示“仅仅因为”；now that表示“既然”；as though表示“好像”。题干前后部分是让步关系，所以应选择even though，句子译文：“工程师们正在完成他们的公路项目，尽管费用已经上升。”

44. 正确答案为C项。本句的基本句型是“如此……以至于”。work是不可数名词，不能和冠词a连用，所以只能选择such a big job。另外的正确说法应是such big work。句子译文：“这项工作很重要，我们必须非常谨慎。”

45. 正确答案为C项。句子的前后部分是让步关系，而且从句中的动词found缺宾语，所以应选择whatever，表示“不管是什么”。句子译文：“不管你发现的是什么，你都必须归还物品的主人。”

46. 正确答案为D项。句子的前后部分是让步关系，所以应选择however，表示“无论如何”。句子译文：“无论她如何努力，她都几乎无法避免做作业出错。”

47. 正确答案为C项。短语for now和by now不是连词，分别表示“眼下”、“暂时”和“到目前为止”；连词since应去掉that，表示“既然”；连词now that表示“既然”。题干前后部分是因果关系，可以由since 或now that引导从句，但是since后面不能有that，所以应选择now that。句子译文：“既然我们已经学完了这门课程，我们将开始做更多的复习。”

48. 正确答案为B项。连词now that表示“既然”；although表示“尽管”；provided表示“以……为条件”、“如果”；except that表示“只是”、“但是”。题干前后部分是让步关系，所以应选择Although。句子译文：“尽管数字不同，但分析家在另一个问题上意见一致。”

49. 正确答案为C项。本题考查sb. was doing sth. When…句型，表示“某人正在做某事，这时……”。句子译文：“在一个雨天，我正在佛蒙特州开车向北行驶，这时我注意到有个年轻人举着一个牌子，上面写着‘波士顿’。”

50. 正确答案为C项。四个词中有三个词可以作引导时间状语从句的连词，其中，since表示“自从”；before 表示“在……之前”；as表示“当……时候”。if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。根据语境，选择before 比较合理。句子译文：“这个草拟的法案将严格控制在审判开始之前对案件的宣传。”

51. 正确答案为D项。连词if表示“如果”；although表示“虽然”、“尽管”；whereas表示“但是”；because 表示“因为”。题干前后部分是因果关系，所以应选择because。句子译文：“因为他们正在适应新的身体以及许多新的智力和情感挑战，所以青少年特别有自我意识。”

52. 正确答案为C项。连词if only表示“要是”（通常跟虚拟语气）、“只要”；now that表示“既然”；so that 表示“为了”、“以至于”；even if表示“即使”。可以看出，题干中的从句表示主句的目的，所以应选择so that。句子译文：“应该组织各种各样的活动，以便于参与者能够尽可能长时间地保持活跃。”

53. 正确答案为B项。but表示“但是”；while表示“与……同时”；and表示“并且”、“而且”；whereas 表示“然而”。只有while可以表示时间。句子译文：“该现象为各公司在避免市场周期的同时保持国际竞争力提供了一个途径。”

倒装、强调和省略结构题目解析

1. 正确答案为C项。本题考查“当only+状语置于句首时，主句须构成倒装”这项规则。选项中只有第三项可以使句子构成部分倒装。句子译文：“只有通过努力工作比尔才能给老板留下深刻印象。”

2. 正确答案为C项。本题所考查的规则同上题。C、D两项是倒装语序，但是D项是否定意义，与原文语义不符。句子译文：“只有当你掌握了充分的语法知识才能正确地写作。”

3. 正确答案为B项。本题考查as引导的让步状语从句的倒装形式。规则为：从句结尾的词置于句首。句子译文：“尽管家很简陋，但无论他走到哪里，也找不到像家这样的地方。”

4. 正确答案为B项。本题考查虚拟倒装现象。题干是针对未来的虚拟表达，当从句省略连词if的时候，应

构成部分倒装。本题应将should提前至句首。句子译文：“如果突然出现大的噪音，这些动物很可能会受到惊吓。”

5. 正确答案为B项。本题考查让步状语从句的倒装形式。当whether引导的让步状语从句省略whether，从句中的系动词应变为原形，置于句首。句子译文：“每天的生意，不管是售货还是运货，都进行得很顺利。”

6. 正确答案为B项。本题考查虚拟倒装。在虚拟表达中，当省略连词if时，从句须构成部分倒装。本句是针对过去情况的虚拟，从句倒装形式已经给出，主句动词的形式应该是would+现在完成时。句子译文：“所涉及到的数百万次计算，假如手工进行，等到完成的时候就失去了一切实际价值了。”

7. 正确答案为C项。本题考查as…so句型。该句型的主句，即so后面的部分可以构成部分倒装。句子译文：“正如土壤是地球的一部分，大气也是地球的一部分。”

8. 正确答案为C项。题干是倒装语序，只有C项可以使主句构成倒装，因为它是表示否定意义的状语。句子译文：“我们很少去野餐。”

9. 正确答案为C项。前一个分句表达否定意义，后一个分句应该使用nor或neither开头，表达“也不”。句子译文：“维生素不提供能量，也不构建身体的任何部位。”

10. 正确答案为A项。题干表达的是错综时间虚拟：从句针对过去，主句针对现在。当连词if被省略时，从句须构成部分倒装。句子译文：“要不是来自广大公众的及时投资，我们的公司就不会像现在这样兴旺了。”

11. 正确答案为A项。本句以only+时间状语从句开头，主句应构成部分倒装。句子译文：“只有当你获得充分的数据之后，才能得出正确的结论。”

12. 正确答案为C项。前一个分句表达否定意义，后一个分句应该使用nor或neither开头，并构成部分倒装，表达“也不”。句子译文：“木材不导电，橡胶也不导电。”

13. 正确答案为D项。本题考查so…that的倒装形式。当so提前至句首时，主句应构成部分倒装。从主句来看，句子表达现在时的概念。A和C两项使用的都是过去时态，B项使用的是完全倒装形式。句子译文：“孩子们对电脑爱不释手，电脑夏令营的领导常常不得不强迫他们去参加运动和游戏。”

14. 正确答案为A项。本题考查让步状语从句的倒装。由whether引导的让步状语从句，当whether被省略时，从句中的系动词应该变为原形，并且提前至句首。句子译文：“当我们使用教堂这个词时，指的是所有的宗教建筑，无论是基督教、伊斯兰教、佛教，还是犹太教，等等。”

15. 正确答案为C项。短语on time表示“按时”；in no time表示“立刻，马上”；at no time表示“在任何时候都不，从来没有”；at times表示“有时”。题干是倒装语序，只有at no time可以使句子构成倒装，因为它表达否定意义。句子译文：“‘女士们，先生们，在我表演这个魔术的过程中，我的双手从来没有脱离过胳膊。’这位魔术师说。”

16. 正确答案为B项。本题考查连词though所引导的让步状语从句的倒装形式，即把从句结尾的词提前至句首。在本句中，正确表达应为Strange though it may seem，正常语序应为though it may seem strange。句子译文：“虽然似乎很奇怪，可是在出了事故之后我仍然喜欢开车。”

17. 正确答案为A项。短语in vain表示“徒劳地”，是否定意义的状语，句子以该短语开头，应构成部分倒装。句子译文：“他们设法调查在他们到那儿之前发生了什么，但是没有成功。”

18. 正确答案为C项。本题考查so…that句型的倒装形式。当so…置于句首时，主句构成部分倒装。C、D 两项是部分倒装的形式，但是D项中do的形式不对。句子译文：“光的传播速度非常快，我们很难想象。”

19. 正确答案为D项。本题考查“当否定意义的状语置于句首时，主句谓语动词须构成倒装”这项规则。C、D两项符合这项规则。根据语境，从句动作发生在主句动作之前，所以主句应使用一般过去时，从句应使用过去完成时。故此排除C项。句子译文：“直到他完成这项任务才发现自己病得很严重。”

20. 正确答案为A项。little是表示否定意义的状语。按照语法要求，主句的谓语动词须构成部分倒装。句子译文：“我们几乎没有想到他的演讲给观众留下了如此深刻的印象。”

虚拟语气题目解析

21. 正确答案为C项。本题考查关于It is time that…句式的虚拟表达。句子译文：“假如我在电影里，我差不多该双手捂头大哭起来了。”

22. 正确答案为C项。本题考查动词prefer的用法。按照该词的要求，其后的宾语从句谓语动词使用should+动词原形的形式，should可以省略。句子译文：“过去，男人一般喜欢妻子操持家务。”

23. 正确答案为D项。前一个分句是针对过去的虚拟，两个分句之间使用连词but，说明后一个分句是对过去现实情况的描述，所以应该使用一般过去时。句子译文：“如果可能的话，我就去看他了，可是我上周一直都非常忙。”

24. 正确答案为C项。本题考查名词insistence的用法。按照该词的要求，其后的同位语从句谓语动词使用should+原形，should可以省略。在本句中，动词analyze和主语it（指Afro-American poetry）是被动关系，所以使用被动语态。句子译文：“让·瓦格纳对美国黑人诗歌研究最长远的贡献是，他坚决主张既要用世俗的观点又要用宗教的观点分析美国黑人诗歌。”

25. 正确答案为C项。后一句是对过去事实的描述，也是对前一句的重要提示。从unfortunately可以看出，两句所表达的情况相反，前一句应是针对过去情况的虚拟。句子译文：“安全分析本来会识别出目标是潜在危险。不幸的是，从来没有做过这种安全分析。”

26. 正确答案为B项。由if引导的从句是针对过去的虚拟，it was unintentional是事实表达。句子译文：“如果刚才我得罪了您，我表示歉意，但是我向您保证，那不是故意的。”

27. 正确答案为D项。从时间状语until recently可知，从句是针对过去的虚拟表达。从整句来看，属于错综时间虚拟，即从句针对过去，主句针对现在。句子译文：“假如最近你没有接触杰里·布朗的话，你就会觉得左边那张照片很陌生。”

28. 正确答案为D项。本题考查形容词urgent的用法。按照该词的要求，其后的宾语从句谓语动词使用should+动词原形，should可以省略。在本句中，动词print和主语files是被动关系，所以使用被动语态。句子译文：“董事会认为应立刻打印这些文件。”

29. 正确答案为B项。根据从句所使用的谓语动词形式，即过去完成时，可以看出，本句是针对过去情况的虚拟表达。句子译文：“假如当时有医生，这个孩子就不会死了。”

30. 正确答案为D项。本题考查针对过去的虚拟表达。破折号之前的句子使用现在完成时，说明是对过去事实的描述。破折号之后的部分是针对过去的虚拟表达，这一点可以从主句谓语动词的形式看出来，从句

应使用过去完成时的形式。句子译文：“没有发生糟糕的事情，因为如果真的发生了，我们会得到通知的。”

31. 正确答案为B项。but that表示“如果不是”，其后的从句是事实表达，使用一般过去时，主句是针对过去的虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式为would+现在完成时。句子译文：“要不是当时他缺钱，他就来帮助我们了。”

32. 正确答案为D项。本题考查动词insist的用法。如果后面不接从句，应该和介词on搭配；如果其后是从句，从句中谓语动词的形式为should+动词原形。句子译文：“迈克的叔叔坚持不要住这家宾馆。”

33. 正确答案为B项。本题考查if only的用法。根据前一句的描述，说明说话人当初没有听对方的建议，由此可知，后一句是针对过去的描述。按照if only的用法，其后句子的谓语动词应使用过去完成时。句子译文：“看看我现在的糟糕境地。要是当初听你的建议就好了。”

34. 正确答案为A项。本题考查错综时间虚拟：从句针对过去，主句针对现在。动词的变化规则为：从句谓语动词的形式是过去完成时，主句谓语动词的形式是would+动词原形。本句中的worried是形容词。句子译文：“如果你以前努力学习，现在就不会担心即将到来的考试了。”

35. 正确答案为B项。本句省略了条件从句，由词组代替。从所表达的意义看，是针对过去的虚拟，主句谓语动词的形式为would（或could，might，should）+动词的现在完成时。句子译文：“要不是因为交通拥堵，我们早就到了。”

36. 正确答案为B项。本题考查动词suggest的用法。当该词表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句谓语动词的形式为should+动词原形，should可以省略。当该词表示“间接表明”时，其后的宾语从句谓语动词不使用虚拟语气。在本句中，suggest应理解为“间接表明”，其后的从句表达过去的事实，所以使用一般过去时。句子译文：“当有人问他为什么他的朋友没有接受邀请时，他说他的朋友自尊心强，所以没有接受邀请。”

37. 正确答案为D项。本题考查动词wish的用法。在本句中，wish后面的从句是对过去的希望，所以谓语动词应该使用过去完成时的形式。句子译文：“昨天我没有去电影院看《泰坦尼克》，但我的确希望当时去了。”

38. 正确答案为D项。本题也是考查动词wish的用法。根据从句中的时间状语来看，wish表达对过去的希望，所以宾语从句的谓语动词应使用过去完成时的形式。句子译文：“她希望在大学时学的是对外贸易，而不是文学。”

39. 正确答案为B项。本题考查句型It is time的用法，在其后的从句中，谓语动词的形式为一般过去时。句子译文：“我不知道下学期学什么课程，但我该做出决定了。”

40. 正确答案为C项。本题考查动词recommend的用法。在其后的从句中，谓语动词应使用should+动词原形的形式，should可以省略。本句中的动词start和其主语project之间是被动关系，所以使用被动语态。句子译文：“有人建议，这个项目应该等到做好一切准备工作之后再开始。”

词组练习题答案

1-5 CCDBA 6-10 DBADA 11-15 CDBAB 16-20 CADCA

21-25 CBDBA

词汇练习题答案

1-5 ACABB 6-10 DADBA 11-15 BCCDB 16-20 DACBD 21-25 CBCAA 26-30 CDDAC

31-35 BCDCA 36-40 DAABB 41-45 BDADD