POWER_econfig_out_translator-v1.11.0

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实验报告——实验一：NAT配置

实验报告——实验⼀：NAT配置实验⼀：NAT配置实验⽬的1、掌握NAT相关概念、分类和⼯作原理2、学习配置NAT的命令和步骤3、查看NAT转换配置情况4、练习配置动态NAT和PAT实验要求1、NAT拓扑与地址规划；2、NAT基本配置和PAT配置3、验证NAT和PAT配置并给出配置清单实验拓扑实验设备（环境、软件）路由器2台，交叉线3条，serial DCE线⼀条。

Pc机2台，www服务器⼀台。

实验设计到的基本概念和理论NAT技术使得⼀个私有⽹络可以通过internet注册IP连接到外部世界，位于inside⽹络和outside ⽹络中的NAT路由器在发送数据包之前，负责把内部IP翻译成外部合法地址。

内部⽹络的主机不可能同时于外部⽹络通信，所以只有⼀部分内部地址需要翻译。

NAT的主要⽤途是让⽹络能使⽤私有IP地址⼀节省IP地址。

NAT将不可路由的私有内部地址转换成可路由的NAT的翻译可以采取静态翻译（static translation）和动态翻译（dynamic translation）两种。

静态翻译将内部地址和外部地址⼀对⼀对应。

当NAT需要确认哪个地址需要翻译，翻译时采⽤哪个地址pool时，就使⽤了动态翻译。

采⽤portmultiplexing技术，或改变外出数据的源port技术可以将多个内部IP地址影射到同⼀个外部地址，这就是PAT（port address translator）。

当影射⼀个外部IP到内部地址时，可以利⽤TCP的load distribution技术。

使⽤这个特征时，内部主机基于round-robin机制，将外部进来的新连接定向到不同的主机上去。

注意：load distributiong 只有在影射外部地址到内部的时候才有效。

实验过程和主要步骤步骤⼀：主机与服务器的IP地址配置1、PC0上IP的配置192.168.3.12、PC1上IP的配置192.168.2.13、服务器IP的配置222.22.22.1步骤⼆：Router0的配置1、端⼝配置Router>enableRouter#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#interface f0/0Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#no shut%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interface f1/0Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#no shutRouter(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to upRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interface s2/0Router(config-if)#ip address 202.196.32.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#clock rate 9600Router(config-if)#no shut%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to downRouter(config-if)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleRouter#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename [startup-config]?Building configuration...[OK]Router#2、配置静态默认路由Router#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s2/0Router(config)#endRouter#步骤三：Router1的配置1、端⼝配置Router>enableRouter#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#interface s2/0Router(config-if)#ip address 202.196.32.2 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#no shut%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to upRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interface f0%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up /0Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interface f0/0Router(config-if)#ip address 222.22.22.2 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#no shut%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed stateto upRouter(config-if)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleRouter#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename [startup-config]?Building configuration...[OK]步骤四：NAT配置把路由器Router0作为局域⽹的边界路由，在其上配置静态NAT转换，⽬的是形成如下对⽐，使得PC1可以通信，⽽PC0不能通信。

小学上册第一次英语第五单元寒假试卷

小学上册英语第五单元寒假试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What is the main ingredient in mayonnaise?A. OilB. VinegarC. Egg yolkD. Sugar2. A _______ is a type of reaction that releases heat and light.3.What is the opposite of "up"?A. DownB. LeftC. RightD. AcrossA4. A ____ has whiskers and enjoys catching mice.5. A __________ is created when two or more substances react.6.My grandmother makes the best __________. (甜点)7.Which holiday celebrates the New Year?A. ChristmasB. ThanksgivingC. New Year's DayD. HalloweenC8.My cousin is an amazing __________ (唱歌者).9.What is the capital of South Korea?A. SeoulB. TokyoC. BeijingD. PyongyangA10.The Magna Carta limited the power of the ________.11.The giraffe has a long _______ (脖子) to reach leaves.12.I like to eat _____ for lunch. (sandwiches)13.What is 20 7?A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 1514. A butterfly has beautiful ____.15.The ancient Romans were known for their ______ (军事) strategies.16.The chemical symbol for chlorine is _____.17.I like to decorate my room with _____.18.The __________ is a large area of deep water.19.My collection of _________ (玩具车) includes a red sports car and a blue truck.20.The chemical symbol for potassium is ______.21.What do we call a place where you can see historical artifacts?A. MuseumB. GalleryC. LibraryD. Archive22.What is the name of the famous waterfall located on the border between the U.S. and Canada?A. Victoria FallsB. Niagara FallsC. Angel FallsD. Iguazu FallsB23.What do we call the process of making something from raw materials?A. ManufacturingB. ProductionC. FabricationD. AssemblyA24.I can ___ (run) around the track.25.What do we call a person who translates languages?A. InterpreterB. TranslatorC. LinguistD. Polyglot26.What do we call the weather with no clouds?A. RainyB. SunnyC. CloudyD. Stormy27.What do we call the time of year when flowers bloom?A. WinterB. SpringC. SummerD. Autumn28.Each plant has a unique _____ (特征).29.She is _______ (learning) to play the guitar.30.What do we call a person who creates and performs music?A. MusicianB. ComposerC. PerformerD. ArtistA31.Metallic elements are usually good ______ of heat.32.What do we call a person who studies the impact of technology on culture?A. TechnologistB. SociologistC. AnthropologistD. HistorianA33.What is the main ingredient in bread?A. FlourB. SugarC. WaterD. Salt34.The ______ (花香) of roses is delightful.35.What is the main source of energy for the Earth?A. WindB. SolarC. WaterD. CoalB36.All living things are made of ______.37. built their empire in ________ America. The Inca38.What is the main ingredient in a smoothie?A. YogurtB. MilkC. JuiceD. All of the aboveD39. A polymer is a large molecule made of repeating ______.40.The __________ (历史的多维性) enhances complexity.41.What do you call the science of studying animals?A. ZoologyB. BotanyC. EcologyD. Anthropology42.看图,判断句子内容与图片信息是(T)否(F)相符。

惠州2024年07版小学3年级下册D卷英语第一单元自测题[含答案]

惠州2024年07版小学3年级下册英语第一单元自测题[含答案]考试时间：100分钟（总分:140）A卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 选择题：Which planet is known for its rings?A. EarthB. MarsC. SaturnD. Jupiter答案: C2. 听力题：Astronomy is the study of ______ and the universe.3. 听力题：The ant builds a home called an _______.4. 听力题：The children are ___ at the playground. (playing)5. 听力题：We use ______ to measure distance.6. 填空题：The _____ (气温) affects plant growth.7. 选择题：What is the name of the holiday celebrated at the end of the year?A. ChristmasB. ThanksgivingC. HalloweenD. New Year答案:DThe ________ makes a sweet noise.9. 听力题：The chemical symbol for gallium is ______.10. 听力题：The ______ is very wise and gives good advice.11. 填空题：A ______ (鸟) can be very colorful and beautiful.12. 填空题：The __________ (历史的认知) can evolve with new evidence.13. 听力题：We have ______ (English) class at noon.14. 听力题：My dad loves to go cycling in the ____ (park).15. 听力题：The _____ (forest/park) is quiet.16. 听力题：My friend loves to ride his ____ (motorcycle).17. 听力题：The ____ is a popular pet that barks.18. 填空题：My puppy loves to snuggle on my ______ (腿).19. 听力题：An alkali is a type of _______ that dissolves in water.20. 填空题：The _______ (小龙) is a symbol of power in tales.21. 选择题：What is the main ingredient in chocolate?A. CocoaB. MilkC. SugarD. Butter答案:AThe ______ (阳光直射) encourages plant growth.23. 填空题：The trees in the _______ provide shade in summer.24. 填空题：This girl, ______ (这个女孩), is very artistic and creative.25. 选择题：What is the term for a young hen?A. ChickB. DucklingC. GoslingD. Pullet答案:D. Pullet26. 听力题：The ancient Egyptians used ________ for trade.27. 听力题：A chemical reaction that releases heat is called an _____ reaction.28. 填空题：I have a special _______ (东西) that was given to me by my _______ (家庭成员). It is very _______ (形容词).29. 填空题：I enjoy _______ (在公园散步).30. 填空题：My family has a tradition of making ________ (汤) together every Sunday. It’s a great way to bond.31. 填空题：The ostrich cannot ______ (飞).32. 填空题：The ______ (液体) within plant cells is called cytoplasm.33. 填空题：_____ (vegetable) patches provide fresh produce.34. 选择题：What do you call a group of wolves?B. FlockC. SwarmD. Herd答案:A35. 填空题：The seahorse is known for its unique _______ (外形).36. 听力题：A gas that can be dissolved in water is called a ______ gas.37. 选择题：What is the capital of the Netherlands?A. AmsterdamB. RotterdamC. The HagueD. Utrecht38. 选择题：What is a baby frog called?A. KitB. TadpoleC. CubD. Fry39. 选择题：What is the main language spoken in the USA?A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. Chinese40. 选择题：What is the term for a baby kangaroo?A. CubB. KidC. JoeyD. Calf答案: C41. 听力题：A molecule is made of two or more ______ bonded together.42. 选择题：What color is a typical watermelon?B. YellowC. GreenD. Blue43. 填空题：We should _______ (努力) to understand each other.44. 听力题：My grandma bakes ____ (bread) every week.45. 听力题：The chemical symbol for cobalt is ______.46. 填空题：The __________ (古埃及的法老) were considered divine rulers.47. 听力题：The __________ is a famous mountain range in South America.48. 填空题：I enjoy riding my ________ (滑板) at the skate park.49. 填空题：A rabbit's nose twitches when it senses ______ (气味).50. 选择题：What is the main source of energy for the Earth?A. MoonB. SunC. StarsD. Wind51. 填空题：The tortoise is slow but very _______ (聪明).52. 填空题：I enjoy drawing pictures of ________.53. 选择题：What is the opposite of 'quiet'?A. LoudB. CalmC. SilentD. Soft答案:A54. 听力题：The _______ of sound can create echoes in large spaces.55. 选择题：Which famous scientist developed the theory of relativity?A. Isaac NewtonB. Albert EinsteinC. Galileo GalileiD. Charles Darwin答案:B. Albert Einstein56. 填空题：Plants are often used for ______ (装饰) in homes.57. 听力题：My brother is learning to play the ____ (banjo).58. 听力题：Chemicals can change color when they undergo a ______.59. 填空题：I enjoy _______ (写故事).60. Depression led to the election of ________ (罗斯福). 填空题：The Grea61. 选择题：Which gas do plants take in during photosynthesis?A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. Carbon DioxideD. Hydrogen答案:C62. 选择题：What do we call a scientist who studies the properties of electricity?A. ElectricianB. PhysicistC. EngineerD. Chemist答案: B63. 选择题：What do we call a piece of land surrounded by water on all sides?A. PeninsulaB. IslandC. CoastD. Bay答案: B. Island64. 听力题：The _______ of a tree is called its trunk.65. 填空题：The ________ grows in water and floats.66. 选择题：What is the result of 100 - 50?A. 40B. 50C. 60D. 7067. 填空题：My mom is ______ years old. (我妈妈____岁。

STM32固件库使用手册的中文翻译版

该固态函数库通过校验所有库函数的输入值来实现实时错误检测。该动态校验提高了软件的鲁棒性。实时检测适合于用户应用程序的开发和调试。但这会增加了成本，可以在最终应用程序代码中移去，以。
因为该固件库是通用的，并且包括了所有外设的功能，所以应用程序代码的大小和执行速度可能不是最优的。对大多数应用程序来说，用户可以直接使用之，对于那些在代码大小和执行速度方面有严格要求的应用程序，该固件库驱动程序可以作为如何设置外设的一份参考资料，根据实际需求对其进行调整。
1.3.1 变量 ................................................................................................................................................ 28 1.3.2 布尔型 ............................................................................................................................................ 28 1.3.3 标志位状态类型 ........................................................................................................................... 29 1.3.4 功能状态类型 .............................................................................................................

loadrunner乱码转换函数

loadrunner乱码转换函数LoadRunner是一款常用的性能测试工具，可以对各类应用程序进行压力测试、负载测试、性能测试等。

在使用LoadRunner进行性能测试时，经常会遇到乱码的问题，特别是在测试中涉及到中文字符的场景。

为了解决这个问题，我们可以使用LoadRunner提供的乱码转换函数。

乱码是指在字符编码转换过程中，由于编码不一致或者错误的操作，导致原本正确的字符显示为乱码。

在LoadRunner中，乱码常常出现在对应用程序进行压力测试时，返回的响应报文中。

这是因为在进行压力测试时，LoadRunner会发送大量的请求给被测试的应用程序，并通过解析响应报文来判断应用程序的性能。

乱码转换函数可以将乱码转换为正确的字符，使得我们能够正确地分析和处理响应报文。

在LoadRunner中，有多种乱码转换函数可供使用，如web_convert_param、web_convert_html_entities、web_convert_url等。

下面我将分别介绍这些函数的使用方法和注意事项。

首先是web_convert_param函数，该函数用于将乱码转换为正确的字符。

使用该函数的方法是，在脚本中找到响应报文中出现乱码的位置，然后使用web_convert_param函数进行转换。

具体的使用方法是在函数的两个参数中，第一个参数是需要进行转换的字符串，第二个参数是目标编码方式。

目标编码方式可以是UTF-8、GB2312等常见的编码方式。

通过使用web_convert_param函数，我们可以将乱码转换为正确的字符，方便后续的解析和处理。

接下来是web_convert_html_entities函数，该函数用于将HTML实体字符转换为对应的字符。

在进行性能测试时，有时候会遇到响应报文中出现HTML实体字符的情况，这些字符无法直接显示，需要通过转换函数进行处理。

使用web_convert_html_entities函数的方法是，在脚本中找到响应报文中出现HTML实体字符的位置，然后使用web_convert_html_entities函数进行转换。

config配置中文解释

关于配置文件选项为配置文件输入所需的设置，可以预设环境选项和其它全局设置。

要设置配置文件选项，使用“选项”对话框（“实用工具”>“选项”）。

本帮助模块含有一个按字母顺序显示每一选项或相关选项组的配置选项列表：·配置选项名称。

·相关变量或值。

选项的缺省值显示为斜体。

·简单说明。

accuracy_lower_bound 数值（在1.0e-6和1.0e-4之间）输入一个精确值来覆盖缺省下限0.0001。

上限固定为0.01add_java_class_path <搜索路径>此选项涉及到有关JAVA环境变量CLASSPATH的选项值，它用于查找J-Link程序中使用的类。

可在同一行上指定多个搜索路径，在UNIX中用“:”隔开，在Windows NT中用“;”隔开。

设定此选项后，启动第一个J-Link应用程序时才会生效add_weld_mp yes, noyes - 系统在计算质量属性时，包括焊接。

no - 系统在计算质量属性时，排除焊缝。

allow_anatomic_features yes, no将此配置文件现象设置为yes，使得下列选项可用：“扭曲”菜单中：“局部拉伸”、“半径圆顶”、“截面圆盖”、“耳”、“唇”。

“实体”菜单中：“开槽”、“轴肩”、“凸缘”、“退刀槽”。

“基准”菜单中：“计算”。

allow_cycle_optimize yes, no在18.0以前的版本中，有一个孔加工序列参数，允许用户优化孔加工序列CL-数据的循环输出。

自版本18.0以来，该参数不再有效。

yes - 使该参数在序列中可见no - 该参数在序列中不可见allow_move_attach_in_dtl_move yes, no确定绘图模式中的“移动”和“移动附属”命令是(yes) 否(no) 一起执行allow_move_view_with_move yes, no设置为“yes”时，可以使用“绘图”模式中的“移动”命令，移动绘图视图。

cisco各种交换机的镜像配置

Cisco − Configuring the Catalyst Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN)Table of ContentsConfiguring the Catalyst Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN) (1)Introduction (1)Before You Begin (2)Conventions (2)Brief Description of SPAN (2)SPAN Terminology (3)Components Used (4)SPAN on the Catalyst 2900XL/3500XL Switches (4)Features Available and Restrictions (4)Configuration Example (5)SPAN on the Catalyst 2948G−L3 and 4908G−L3 (7)SPAN on the Catalyst 8500 (7)SPAN on the Catalyst 4000, 5000, and 6000 Series Switches Running CatOS (8)Local SPAN (8)Remote SPAN (16)Feature Summary and Limitations (19)SPAN on the Catalyst 2950/Catalyst 3550 Series Switches (20)SPAN on the Catalyst 4000 and Catalyst 6000 Series Switches Running Integrated Cisco IOS (21)Feature Summary and Limitations (21)Performance Impact of SPAN on the Different Catalyst Platforms (22)Catalyst 2900XL/3500XL Family (22)Catalyst 4000 Family (23)Catalyst 5000/6000 Family (24)Frequently Asked Questions and Common Problems (25)Connectivity Issues Because of SPAN Misconfiguration (25)Why is My SPAN Session Creating a Bridging Loop? (26)Does SPAN Impact Performances? (27)Can I Configure SPAN on an EtherChannel Port? (27)Can I Have Several SPAN Sessions Running at the Same Time? (27)Why Am I Not Able to Capture Corrupted Packets with SPAN? (28)Related Information (28)Configuring the Catalyst Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN)IntroductionBefore You BeginConventionsBrief Description of SPANSPAN TerminologyComponents UsedSPAN on the Catalyst 2900XL/3500XL SwitchesFeatures Available and RestrictionsConfiguration ExampleSPAN on the Catalyst 2948G−L3 and 4908G−L3SPAN on the Catalyst 8500SPAN on the Catalyst 4000, 5000, and 6000 Series Switches Running CatOSLocal SPANRemote SPANFeature Summary and LimitationsSPAN on the Catalyst 2950/Catalyst 3550 Series SwitchesSPAN on the Catalyst 4000 and Catalyst 6000 Series Switches Running Integrated CiscoIOSFeature Summary and LimitationsPerformance Impact of SPAN on the Different Catalyst PlatformsCatalyst 2900XL/3500XL FamilyCatalyst 4000 FamilyCatalyst 5000/6000 FamilyFrequently Asked Questions and Common ProblemsConnectivity Issues Because of SPAN MisconfigurationWhy is My SPAN Session Creating a Bridging Loop?Does SPAN Impact Performances?Can I Configure SPAN on an EtherChannel Port?Can I Have Several SPAN Sessions Running at the Same Time?Why Am I Not Able to Capture Corrupted Packets with SPAN?Related InformationIntroductionThe Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN) feature, sometimes called port mirroring or port monitoring, selects network traffic for analysis by a network analyzer such as a SwitchProbe device or other Remote Monitoring (RMON) probe. Previously, SPAN was a relatively basic feature on the Catalyst family of switches, but the latest releases of the CatOS introduced great enhancements and many new possibilities that are now available to the user. This document is not intended to be an alternate configuration guide for the SPAN feature, but rather an introduction to the recent features of SPAN that have been implemented. This document answers the most common questions about SPAN, such as:•What is SPAN and how do I configure it?What are the different features available (especially multiple SPAN sessions at the same time) and •what software level is needed to run them?•Does SPAN impact the performances of a switch?Before You BeginConventionsFor more information on document conventions, see the Cisco Technical Tips Conventions.Brief Description of SPANWhat is SPAN and why is it needed? The SPAN feature was introduced on switches because of a fundamental difference they have with hubs. When a hub receives a packet on one port, it will send out a copy of that packet on all ports except on the one where it was received. After a switch boots up, it will start to build up a Layer 2 forwarding table based upon the source MAC address of the different packets received. Once this forwarding table has been built, the switch forwards traffic destined for a MAC address directly to the corresponding port.For example, if you want to capture Ethernet traffic sent by host A to host B and both are connected to a hub, just attach a sniffer to this hub as all other ports see the traffic between host A and B:On a switch, after host B's MAC address is learned, unicast traffic from A to B is only forwarded to B's port, and therefore not seen by the sniffer:In this configuration, the sniffer would only capture traffic flooded to all ports like broadcast traffic, multicast traffic with CGMP or IGMP snooping disabled and unknown unicast traffic. Unicast flooding happens when the switch does not have the destination MAC in its CAM table. It will not know where to send the traffic and it will flood the packets to all the ports in the destination VLAN.An extra feature is needed that will artificially copy unicast packets sent by host A to the sniffer port:In this above diagram, the sniffer is attached to a port that is configured to receive a copy of every single packet that is sent by host A. This port is called a SPAN port. The sections below describe how this feature can be tuned very precisely to do more than just monitoring a port.SPAN TerminologyIngress traffic: traffic entering the switch• Egress traffic: traffic leaving the switch• Source (SPAN) Port: port that is monitored using the SPAN feature.• Destination (SPAN) Port: a port that is monitoring source ports, usually where a network analyzer is connected.• Monitor Port: a monitor port is also a destination SPAN port in Catalyst 2900XL/3500XL/2950terminology.• Local SPAN: the SPAN feature is local when the monitored ports are all located on the same switch as the destination port. This is in contrast to Remote SPAN below:• Remote SPAN or RSPAN: some source ports are not located on the same switch as the destination port. This is an advanced feature that requires a special VLAN to carry the traffic being monitored by SPAN between switches. RSPAN is not supported on all switches so please check the respectiverelease notes or configuration guide to see if it can be used on the switch you are deploying.•PSPAN: stands for port−based SPAN. The user specifies one or several source ports on the switch •and one destination port.•VSPAN: stands for VLAN−based SPAN. On a given switch, the user can choose to monitor all theports belonging to a particular VLAN in a single command.•ESPAN means enhanced SPAN version. This term has been used several times during the evolution of the SPAN to name additional features and, therefore, is not very clear. Its use is avoided in thisdocument.•Administrative Source: List of source ports or VLANs that have been configured to be monitored.•Operational Source: List of ports that are effectively monitored. This can be different from theadministrative source. For example, a port that is in shutdown mode can appear in the administrative source, while it will not be effectively monitored.Components UsedThis document uses CatOS 5.5 as a reference for the Catalyst 4000, 5000, and 6000 families. On the Catalyst 2900XL/3500XL family, Cisco IOS® Software Release 12.0(5)XU is used. Though this document will be updated to reflect changes to SPAN, see the documentation release notes for the latest developments on the SPAN feature.The information presented in this document was created from devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If you are working in a live network, ensure that you understand the potential impact of any command before using it.SPAN on the Catalyst 2900XL/3500XL SwitchesFeatures Available and RestrictionsThe port monitoring feature is not very extended on the Catalyst 2900XL/3500XL and is therefore relatively easy to understand.You can create as many local PSPAN sessions as necessary. For example, you can create PSPAN sessions on the configuration port that you have chosen to be a destination SPAN port; just list the source ports you would like to monitor using the port monitor interface command. A monitor port is actually a destination SPAN port in Catalyst 2900XL/3500XL terminology.The main restriction is that all the ports related to a given session (whether source or destination) must •belong to the same VLAN.•If you do not specify any interface in the port monitor command, all other ports belonging to the same VLAN as the interface will be monitored.Here are some restrictions that are taken from the Catalyst 2900XL/3500XL Command Reference:ATM ports are the only ports that cannot be monitor ports. However, you can monitor ATM ports. The following restrictions apply for ports that have port−monitoring capability:•A monitor port cannot be in a Fast EtherChannel or Gigabit EtherChannel port group.•A monitor port cannot be enabled for port security.•A monitor port cannot be a multi−VLAN port.A monitor port must be a member of the same VLAN as the port monitored. VLAN membership•changes are disallowed on monitor ports and ports being monitored.•A monitor port cannot be a dynamic−access port or a trunk port. However, a static−access port canmonitor a VLAN on a trunk, a multi−VLAN, or a dynamic−access port. The VLAN monitored is the one associated with the static−access port.•Port monitoring does not work if both the monitor and monitored ports are protected ports.See the following links for additional information on feature conflicts:•Managing Switches − Managing Configuration Conflicts − Catalyst 2900XL/3500XL SeriesBe careful that a port in the monitor state is not running the Spanning−Tree Protocol (STP), but is still belonging to the VLAN of the ports it is mirroring. If the port monitor is part of a loop (if you connect it to a hub or a bridge, looping to another part of the network for instance), you may end up in a catastrophic bridging loop condition as you are not protected by the STP any more. See the section entitled Why is My SPAN Session Creating a Bridging Loop? for an example on how this can happen.Configuration ExampleIn this example, two concurrent SPAN sessions are created.•Port Fa0/1 will be monitoring traffic sent and received by port Fa0/2 and Fa0/5. It will also monitor traffic to and from the management interface VLAN 1.•Port Fa0/4 will be monitoring ports Fa0/3 and Fa0/6.Ports Fa0/3, Fa0/4, and Fa0/6 are all configured in VLAN 2; other ports and the management interface are configured in the default VLAN 1.Network DiagramSample Configuration on the Catalyst 2900XL/3500XL2900XL/3500XL SPAN Sample Configuration<snip>!interface FastEthernet0/1port monitor FastEthernet0/2port monitor FastEthernet0/5port monitor VLAN1!interface FastEthernet0/2!interface FastEthernet0/3switchport access vlan 2!interface FastEthernet0/4port monitor FastEthernet0/3port monitor FastEthernet0/6switchport access vlan 2!interface FastEthernet0/5!interface FastEthernet0/6switchport access vlan 2!<snip>!interface VLAN1ip address 10.200.8.136 255.255.252.0no ip directed−broadcastno ip route−cache!<snip>Configuration Steps ExplainedTo configure port Fa0/1 as a destination port on the source ports Fa0/2, Fa0/5, and the management interface, select the interface Fa0/1 in the configuration mode:Switch(config)#int fa0/1Enter the list of ports to be monitored:Switch(config−if)#port monitor fastEthernet 0/2Switch(config−if)#port monitor fastEthernet 0/5With this, every packet received or transmitted by these two ports is also be copied to port Fa0/1. Configure the monitoring for the administrative interface, using a variation on the port monitor command: Switch(config−if)#port monitor VLAN 1Note: The command above does not mean that port Fa0/1 will monitor the entire VLAN 1. The VLAN 1 keyword is simply referring to the administrative interface of the switch.The following command has just been entered to illustrate the impossibility of monitoring a port in a different VLAN:Switch(config−if)#port monitor fastEthernet 0/3FastEthernet0/1 and FastEthernet0/3 are in different vlanTo finish the configuration, configure another session, this time using Fa0/4 as a destination SPAN port: Switch(config−if)#int fa0/4Switch(config−if)#port monitor fastEthernet 0/3Switch(config−if)#port monitor fastEthernet 0/6Switch(config−if)#^ZThe best way to check the configuration is to issue a simple show running, or to use the show port monitor command:Switch#show port monitorMonitor Port Port Being Monitored−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−FastEthernet0/1 VLAN1FastEthernet0/1 FastEthernet0/2FastEthernet0/1 FastEthernet0/5FastEthernet0/4 FastEthernet0/3FastEthernet0/4 FastEthernet0/6Note: The Catalyst 2900XL and 3500XL do not support SPAN in receive direction only (Rx SPAN or ingress SPAN), or in tranmsit direction only (Tx SPAN or egress SPAN). All ports are spanned for both receive (Rx) and transmit (Tx) traffic.SPAN on the Catalyst 2948G−L3 and 4908G−L3The Catalyst 2948G−L3 and 4908G−L3 are fixed−configuration switch−routers or Layer 3 switches. The SPAN feature on a Layer 3 switch is called port snooping. However, port snooping is not supported on these switches. Refer to Features Not Supported on the Catalyst 2948G−L3 and the Catalyst 4908G−L3 Switch Routers and the latest release notes for the Catalyst 2948G−L3.SPAN on the Catalyst 8500A very basic SPAN feature is available on the Catalyst 8540 under the name port snooping. Check the current Catalyst 8540 documentation for additional information:•Catalyst 8500 Command ReferenceAbout Port Snooping (from the Layer 3 Switching Interface Configurations Guide)•Here is an excerpt from the command reference:Port snooping lets you transparently mirror traffic from one or more source ports to a destination port.To set up port−based traffic mirroring, or snooping, use the snoop command. To disable snooping, use the no form of this command.snoop interface source−port direction snoop−directionno snoop interface source−portSource−port refers to the port being monitored and snoop−direction is the direction of traffic on the source port or ports that is monitored: receive, transmit, or both.8500CSR# configure terminal8500CSR(config)# interface fastethernet 12/0/158500CSR(config−if)# shutdown8500CSR(config−if)# snoop interface fastethernet 0/0/1 direction both8500CSR(config−if)# no shutdownThe following example shows output from the show snoop command.8500CSR# show snoopSnoop Test Port Name: FastEthernet1/0/4 (interface status=SNOOPING)Snoop option: (configured=enabled)(actual=enabled)Snoop direction: (configured=receive)(actual=receive)Monitored Port Name:(configured=FastEthernet1/0/3)(actual=FastEthernet1/0/3)Note: This command is not supported on Ethernet ports in a Catalyst 8540 if you are running an MSR image, such as 8540m−in−mz. Instead, you must use a CSR image, such as 8540c−in−mz. When running an MSR image, snooping is supported only on ATM interfaces by issuing the following commands:•atm snoop•atm snoop−vp•atm snoop−vcSPAN on the Catalyst 4000, 5000, and 6000 Series Switches Running CatOSLocal SPANSPAN features have been added one by one to the CatOS, and a SPAN configuration consists of a single set span command. There is now a wide range of options available for the command:switch (enable) set spanUsage: set span disable [dest_mod/dest_port|all]set span <src_mod/src_ports...|src_vlans...|sc0><dest_mod/dest_port> [rx|tx|both][inpkts <enable|disable>][learning <enable|disable>][multicast <enable|disable>][filter <vlans...>][create]The different SPAN possibilities using variations are introduced on the following network diagram:This diagram represents part of a single line card located in slot 6 of a Catalyst 6000 switch. Ports 6/1 and 6/2 belong to VLAN 1, port 6/3 belongs to VLAN 2, and ports 6/4 and 6/5 belong to VLAN 3. Connect a sniffer to port 6/2 and use it as a monitor port in several different cases.PSPAN, VSPAN: Monitoring Some Ports or an Entire VLANThe simplest form of the set span command is used to monitor a single port. The syntax is: set span source port destination portMonitoring a Single Port with SPANswitch (enable) set span 6/1 6/2Destination : Port 6/2Admin Source : Port 6/1Oper Source : Port 6/1Direction : transmit/receiveIncoming Packets: disabledLearning : enabledMulticast : enabledFilter : −Status : activeswitch (enable) 2000 Sep 05 07:04:14 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local spansession active for destination port 6/2With this configuration, every packet received or sent by port 6/1 will be copied on port 6/2. This is clearly described when the configuration is entered. To get a summary of the current SPAN configuration, just use the show span command:switch (enable) show spanDestination : Port 6/2Admin Source : Port 6/1Oper Source : Port 6/1Direction : transmit/receiveIncoming Packets: disabledLearning : enabledMulticast : enabledFilter : −Status : activeTotal local span sessions: 1Monitoring Several Ports with SPANThe set span source ports destination port allows the user to specify more than one source port. Just list all the ports on which you want to implement the SPAN, separated by commas. The command line interpreter also allows you to specify a range of ports by using the hyphen. The following example illustrates this ability: SPAN on port 6/1 and a range of three ports starting from 6/3 is used. There can only be one destination port, and it is always specified after the SPAN source.switch (enable) set span 6/1,6/3−5 6/22000 Sep 05 07:17:36 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local span session inactivefor destination port 6/2Destination : Port 6/2Admin Source : Port 6/1,6/3−5Oper Source : Port 6/1,6/3−5Direction : transmit/receiveIncoming Packets: disabledLearning : enabledMulticast : enabledFilter : −Status : activeswitch (enable) 2000 Sep 05 07:17:36 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local spansession active for destination port 6/2Note: Unlike the Catalysts 2900XL/3500XL, the Catalyst 4000/5000/6000 can monitor ports belonging to several different VLANs earlier than CatOS 5.1. Here, the mirrored ports are assigned to VLAN 1,2, and 3. Monitoring VLANs with SPANEventually, the set span command allows you to simply configure a port to monitor local traffic for an entire VLAN: set span source vlan(s) destination port .Instead of a list of port, just use a list of one or more VLANs as a source:switch (enable) set span 2,3 6/22000 Sep 05 07:40:10 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local span session inactive for destination port 6/2Destination : Port 6/2Admin Source : VLAN 2−3Oper Source : Port 6/3−5,15/1Direction : transmit/receiveIncoming Packets: disabledLearning : enabledMulticast : enabledFilter : −Status : activeswitch (enable) 2000 Sep 05 07:40:10 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local span session active for destination port 6/2With the above configuration, every single packet entering or leaving VLAN 2 or 3 will be duplicated to port 6/2. Note that the result is exactly the same as if you were implementing SPAN individually on all the ports belonging to the VLANs specified in the command. You can see this by comparing the Oper Source and the Admin Source fields. The Admin Source basically lists all that you have configured for the SPAN session, whereas the Oper Source field lists what ports are using SPAN.Ingress/Egress SPANIn the previous example, traffic entering and leaving the specified ports was monitored. You can see this on the field Direction: transmit/receive. The Catalyst 4000/5000/6000 range of switch allows you to collect only egress (outbound) or ingress (inbound) traffic on a given port. You just need to add a keyword rx (receive) or tx (transmit) in the end, the default value being both (transmit and receive).set span source destination port rx/tx/bothExample: This session capture all incoming traffic for VLAN 1 and 3 and mirrors it to port 6/2:switch (enable) set span 1,3 6/2 rx2000 Sep 05 08:09:06 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local span sessioninactive for destination port 6/2Destination : Port 6/2Admin Source : VLAN 1,3Oper Source : Port 1/1,6/1,6/4−5,15/1Direction : receiveIncoming Packets: disabledLearning : enabledMulticast : enabledFilter : −Status : activeswitch (enable) 2000 Sep 05 08:09:06 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local span session active for destination port 6/2Implementing SPAN on a TrunkTrunks are a special case in a switch as they are ports carrying several VLANs. If a trunk is selected as a source port, the traffic for all the VLANs on this trunk will be monitored.Monitoring a Subset of VLANs Belonging to a TrunkIn the following diagram, port 6/5 is now a trunk carrying all VLANs. Imagine you want to SPAN the traffic in VLAN 2 for ports 6/4 and 6/5. Simply use the command:switch (enable) set span 6/4−5 6/2In that case, the traffic received on the SPAN port will be a mix of the traffic you want and all the VLANs carried by trunk 6/5. For instance, there is no way to distinguish on the destination port if a packet is coming from port 6/4 in VLAN 2 or port 6/5 in VLAN 1. Another possibility would be to use SPAN on the entire VLAN 2:switch (enable) set span 2 6/2With this configuration, at least, you will only monitor traffic belonging to VLAN 2 from the trunk. The problem is now you also receive traffic that you did not want from port 6/3. The CatOS includes another keyword allowing you to select some VLAN to monitor from a trunk:switch (enable) set span 6/4−5 6/2 filter 22000 Sep 06 02:31:51 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local span session inactivefor destination port 6/2Destination : Port 6/2Admin Source : Port 6/4−5Oper Source : Port 6/4−5Direction : transmit/receiveIncoming Packets: disabledLearning : enabledMulticast : enabledFilter : 2Status : activeThis command will achieve our goal by only selecting VLAN 2 on all the trunks monitored. (Of course, you can specify several VLANs with this filter option).Note: This filter option is only supported on Catalyst 4000 and Catalyst 6000 Switches. Catalyst 5000 does not support the filter option available with the set span command.Trunking on the Destination PortIf you have source ports belonging to several different VLANs, or if you are using SPAN on several VLANs on a trunk port, you may want to identify to which VLAN a packet you are receiving on the destination SPAN port belongs. This is possible by enabling trunking on the destination port before configuring it for SPAN. This way, all packets forwarded to the sniffer will also be tagged with their respective VLAN IDs.Note: Your sniffer needs to recognize the corresponding encapsulation.switch (enable) set span disable 6/2This command will disable your span session.Do you want to continue (y/n) [n]?yDisabled Port 6/2 to monitor transmit/receive traffic of Port 6/4−52000 Sep 06 02:52:22 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local span sessioninactive for destination port 6/2switch (enable) set trunk 6/2 nonegotiate islPort(s) 6/2 trunk mode set to nonegotiate.Port(s) 6/2 trunk type set to isl.switch (enable) 2000 Sep 06 02:52:33 %DTP−5−TRUNKPORTON:Port 6/2 has become isl trunk switch (enable) set span 6/4−5 6/2Destination : Port 6/2Admin Source : Port 6/4−5Oper Source : Port 6/4−5Direction : transmit/receiveIncoming Packets: disabledLearning : enabledMulticast : enabledFilter : −Status : active2000 Sep 06 02:53:23 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local span session active fordestination port 6/2Creating Several Simultaneous SessionsSo far, only a single SPAN session has been created. Each time you enter a new set span command, theprevious configuration was invalidated. The CatOS now has the ability to run several sessions concurrently,that is, it can have different destination ports at the same time. Use the set span <source> <destination>create command to add an additional SPAN session. In the following session, port 6/1 to 6/2, and at the sametime, monitor VLAN 3 to port 6/3 is monitored:switch (enable) set span 6/1 6/22000 Sep 05 08:49:04 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local span session inactivefor destination port 6/2Destination : Port 6/2Admin Source : Port 6/1Oper Source : Port 6/1Direction : transmit/receiveIncoming Packets: disabledLearning : enabledMulticast : enabledFilter : −Status : activeswitch (enable) 2000 Sep 05 08:49:05 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local spansession active for destination port 6/2switch (enable) set span 3 6/3 createDestination : Port 6/3Admin Source : VLAN 3Oper Source : Port 6/4−5,15/1Direction : transmit/receiveIncoming Packets: disabledLearning : enabledMulticast : enabledFilter : −Status : activeswitch (enable) 2000 Sep 05 08:55:38 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local spansession active for destination port 6/3Now, check if you have two sessions at the same time by issuing the show span command: switch (enable) show spanDestination : Port 6/2Admin Source : Port 6/1Oper Source : Port 6/1Direction : transmit/receiveIncoming Packets: disabledLearning : enabledMulticast : enabledFilter : −Status : active−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−Destination : Port 6/3Admin Source : VLAN 3Oper Source : Port 6/4−5,15/1Direction : transmit/receiveIncoming Packets: disabledLearning : enabledMulticast : enabledFilter : −Status : activeTotal local span sessions: 2Now additional sessions have been created. You need a way of deleting some sessions. The command is: set span disable all / destination portA session is identified by its destination port (as there can only be one destination port per session). Delete the first session created, the one that uses port 6/2 as destination:switch (enable) set span disable 6/2This command will disable your span session.Do you want to continue (y/n) [n]?yDisabled Port 6/2 to monitor transmit/receive traffic of Port 6/12000 Sep 05 09:04:33 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local span session inactivefor destination port 6/2You can now check that you have only one session remaining:switch (enable) show spanDestination : Port 6/3Admin Source : VLAN 3Oper Source : Port 6/4−5,15/1Direction : transmit/receiveIncoming Packets: disabledLearning : enabledMulticast : enabledFilter : −Status : activeTotal local span sessions: 1To disable all the current sessions in a single step, use the command below:switch (enable) set span disable allThis command will disable all span session(s).Do you want to continue (y/n) [n]?yDisabled all local span sessions2000 Sep 05 09:07:07 %SYS−5−SPAN_CFGSTATECHG:local span session inactivefor destination port 6/3switch (enable) show spanNo span session configuredOther SPAN OptionsThe syntax for the set span command is:switch (enable) set spanUsage: set span disable [dest_mod/dest_port|all]set span <src_mod/src_ports...|src_vlans...|sc0><dest_mod/dest_port> [rx|tx|both][inpkts <enable|disable>][learning <enable|disable>][multicast <enable|disable>][filter <vlans...>][create]This section introduces briefly the options that have not yet been discussed in this document: Sc0: The sc0 keyword is specified in a SPAN configuration when monitoring the traffic to the•management interface sc0 is needed. This feature is available on the Catalyst 5000 and 6000 fromCatOS 5.1.Inpkts <enable/disable>: This option is extremely important. As stated earlier, a port you configure •as the SPAN destination still belongs to its original VLAN. Packets received on a destination port will then enter the VLAN, as if this port was a normal access port. This behavior may be desired. If youare using a PC as a sniffer, you may want this PC to be fully connected to the VLAN. Nevertheless, it may be dangerous if you connect the destination port to another networking equipment that create a loop in the network. The destination SPAN port does not run the STP and you can end up in adangerous bridging loop situation. See the section in this document Why is My SPAN SessionCreating a Bridging Loop? to understand how this can happen. The default setting for this option isdisable, which means that the destination SPAN port discards packet it receives, thus protecting from bridging loops. This option appeared in CatOS 4.2.•Learning <enable/disable>: This option allows disabling learning on the destination port. Bydefault, learning is enabled and the destination port learns MAC addresses from incoming packets it receives. This feature appeared in CatOS 5.2 on the Catalyst 4000 and 5000, and 5.3 on the Catalyst 6000.Multicast <enable/disable>: As its name suggests, this option allows you to enable or disable the •monitoring of multicast packets (default is enable). This feature is available on the Catalyst 5000 and 6000 from CatOS 5.1.Spanning port 15/1: On the Catalyst 6000, it is also possible to use port 15/1 (or 16/1) as a SPAN •source, that will allow it to monitor the traffic forwarded to the Multilayer Switch Feature Card(MSFC) (for software routing or directed to the MSFC).。

Dell OpenManage 插件版本 1.0 for Nagios XI 安装指南说明书

Dell OpenManage Plug-in Version 1.0 For Nagios XIInstallation GuideNotes, cautions, and warningsA NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your product.A CAUTION indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoidA WARNING indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death.© 2016-2021 Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Dell, EMC, and other trademarks are trademarks of Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries. Other trademarks may be trademarks of their respective owners.Chapter 1: Introduction (4)Chapter 2: System requirements (5)System requirements for management systems (5)System requirements for managed systems (6)Chapter 3: Downloading and installing the Dell OpenManage Plug-in (7)Chapter 4: Post installation requirements (8)Configuring alerts or events (traps) (8)Configuring Dell Knowledge Base (KB) articles (8)Configuring Nagios XI installed (non default) path (8)Chapter 5: Uninstalling the Dell OpenManage Plug-in (10)Chapter 6: Accessing support content from the Dell EMC support site (11)Chapter 7: Related Documentation (12)Contents3Introduction This guide provides information about the software requirements, system requirements, and the steps to install and uninstall the Dell OpenManage Plug-in Version 1.0 for Nagios XI.This plug-in provides capabilities to monitor the supported Dell devices in environments managed by Nagios XI. This plug-in gives you complete hardware-level visibility of Dell devices, including overall and component-level health monitoring. The plug-in enables you to view the basic inventory information and conduct event monitoring of Dell devices. The plug-in also supports one-to-one web console launch of the Dell devices for further troubleshooting, configuration, and management activities.The Dell OpenManage Plug-in Version 1.0 for Nagios XI supports the following Dell devices:●Dell 12th and later generations of Dell PowerEdge servers through the agent-free method by using Integrated Dell RemoteAccess Controller (iDRAC) with Lifecycle Controller (LC)●Dell Datacenter Scalable Solutions (DSS)●Dell PowerEdge FX2/FX2s chassis, Dell PowerEdge VRTX chassis, and Dell PowerEdge M1000e chassis●Dell EqualLogic PS-Series Storage Arrays, Dell PowerVault MD 34/38 Series Storage Arrays, and Dell Compellent StorageArraysFor more details on the supported Dell device models, see Support matrix in the “Dell OpenManage Plug-in Version 1.0 for Nagios XI User’s Guide.”Before installing Dell OpenManage Plug-in Version 1.0 for Nagios XI, download the latest documents from / omconnectionsEnterpriseSystemsManagement or /openmanagemanuals for the latest information about this product.4IntroductionSystem requirements To discover iDRAC devices by using the Dell OpenManage Plug-in, you can opt for either SNMP or WS-MAN protocol based on your requirement. However, to discover Dell storage devices, you must use the SNMP protocol and to discover Dell chassis, you must use WS-MAN protocol.Table 1. Dell devices and their supported protocols.Protocol Dell Servers Dell Chassis Dell StorageSimple Network ManagementProtocol (SNMPv1, andSNMPv2c)Web Services-Management(WS-MAN)Topics:•System requirements for management systems•System requirements for managed systemsSystem requirements for management systemsA management system is the server where Nagios XI is installed. The requirements for the management systems are as follows: General requirementsBefore you install the plug-in, ensure that you meet the following requirements based on the protocol you are using:Common prerequisites:●Any Nagios XI version between 5.2.0 to 5.2.7 is installed.●The Net-IP Perl module version 1.26 or later is installed.●(Optional) Java version 1.6 or later is installed to view Dell warranty information.●(Optional) Socket6 Perl module version 0.23 or later is installed for monitoring managed systems using Internet Protocolversion 6 (IPv6).●(Optional) SNMP Trap Translator (SNMPTT) is installed to receive SNMP alerts. It is recommended to use the latestversion.●(Optional) The supported Dell Remote RACADM utility is installed to monitor component attribute information of Dell chassissuch as:○Speed(RPM) of the Dell Chassis Fan Status.○InputCurrent(A) of the Dell Chassis PowerSupply Status.○InputVoltage(V) of the Dell Chassis PowerSupply Status.○OutputPower(W) of the Dell Chassis PowerSupply Status.○Health of the Dell Chassis I/O Module Status.For more information on downloading and installing the supported Dell Remote RACADM utility, go to“/techcenter/systems-management/w/wiki/3205.racadm-command-line-interface-for-drac”For SNMP:The Net-SNMP Perl module version 6.0.1 or later is installed.For WS-MAN:OpenWSMAN and its Perl binding are installed.System requirements5Operating system requirements●Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) version 7.2 (32-bit and 64-bit)●Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) version 6.7 (64-bit)System requirements for managed systemsA managed system is a supported Dell device that you are monitoring. The requirements for the managed systems are as follows:Table 2. Supported firmware versions for Dell serversDell Servers iDRAC Firmware VersionsDell 12th generation of PowerEdge servers 2.30.30.30 and 2.21.21.21Dell 13th generation of PowerEdge servers 2.30.30.30 and 2.21.21.21Dell 13th generation of PowerEdge servers (R830) 2.35.35.35 and 2.30.30.302.30.30.30Dell Datacenter Scalable Solutions (DSS 1500, DSS 1510 andDSS 2500)Table 3. Supported firmware versions for Dell chassisDell Chassis CMC Firmware VersionsDell PowerEdge M1000e Chassis 5.1 and 5.0Dell PowerEdge VRTX Chassis 2.1 and 2.0Dell PowerEdge FX2/FX2s Chassis 1.3 and 1.2Table 4. Supported firmware versions for Dell storage arraysDell Storage Arrays Firmware VersionsDell Compellent Storage Arrays 6.6 and 6.5Dell EqualLogic PS-Series Storage Arrays8.0.4 and 7.1.7Dell PowerVault MD 34/38 Series Storage Arrays08.25.04.60 and 08.20.12.606System requirementsDownloading and installing the DellOpenManage Plug-in 1.Download the Dell OpenManage Plug-in Version 1.0 for Nagios XI installer from the Dell support website at /support or from Nagios exchange at /.The installer is packaged as a .tar.gz file named Dell_OpenManage_Plugin_v1.0_Nagios_XI_A00.tar.gz.2.Navigate to the location where you have downloaded the file, and extract its contents.The following files are extracted:●Dell_OM_NagiosXI_monitoring_wizard.zip file●Dell_OM_Plugin_1_0_For_NagiosXI_IG.pdf file●Dell_OM_Plugin_1_0_For_NagiosXI_ReadMe.txt file●license_en.txt file3.Login to Nagios XI console with your credentials.The Nagios XI home page is displayed.4.Click the Admin tab.5.In the left pane, under System Extensions, click Manage Config Wizards.The Manage Configuration Wizards page is displayed.6.In the Upload a Wizard menu, click Browse.The File Upload window is displayed.7.Navigate to the location where you have extracted the contents of theDell_OpenManage_Plugin_v1_Nagios_XI_A00.tar.gz file, select the Dell_OM_NagiosXI_monitoring_wizard.zip file and click Open.8.Click the Upload & Install button.The Dell OpenManage Plug-in for Nagios XI is successfully installed in your system and is displayed under the Wizard Information menu along with its copyright and version information as depicted in the image below.Downloading and installing the Dell OpenManage Plug-in7Post installation requirementsThis section lists the optional steps that you need to perform based on your monitoring requirements.Once you have successfully installed the Dell OpenManage Plug-in, you must perform the steps listed in the sections below based on your monitoring requirement.●Configuring alerts or events if you want to monitor traps.●Configuring Dell Knowledge Base (KB) articles to be able to view more information about the alerts or events (traps)received.If you have installed Nagios XI in a non default location, then perform the steps listed in the section Configuring Nagios XI installed (non default) path.Topics:•Configuring alerts or events (traps)•Configuring Dell Knowledge Base (KB) articles•Configuring Nagios XI installed (non default) pathConfiguring alerts or events (traps)Monitoring SNMP traps is an optional prerequisite. To configure SNMPTT to receive SNMP alerts, perform the following steps: 1.Navigate to cd <NagiosXI installed path>/html/includes/configwizards/Dell_OM_NagiosXI_monitoring_wizard/script and run the following command:./postinstall.sh trapThe default location for Nagios XI is /usr/local/nagiosxi.2.Provide the path where the snmptt.ini file is installed and then press ENTER.Alternatively, you can press Enter to continue with the default file path, /etc/snmp/snmptt.ini.3.Provide the path where trap configuration files are installed and then press ENTER to continue. Alternatively, you can pressEnter to continue with the default file path, '/usr/local/nagios/libexec'.4.Restart the SNMPTT services by running the following command:service snmptt restartYou will now be able to receive alerts or events (traps).Configuring Dell Knowledge Base (KB) articlesDell KB articles are associated with alerts or events generated by the discovered Dell devices. To be able to view KB articles in the Nagios XI console, you must configure it.Navigate to cd <Nagios XI installed path>/html/includes/configwizards/Dell_OM_NagiosXI_monitoring_wizard/script and run the following command:./postinstall.sh dellkbThe default location for Nagios XI is /usr/local/nagiosxi.The Dell KB articles are now configured. You will now be able to view the KB articles.Configuring Nagios XI installed (non default) pathBy default, Nagios is installed in the following path:8Post installation requirements/usr/local/nagios/If you have installed Nagios XI in a non default path, then, perform the following steps to integrate this path:1.Navigate to cd <Nagios XI installed path>/html/includes/configwizards/Dell_OM_NagiosXI_monitoring_wizard/script and run the following command:./postinstall.sh nagiosinstallpath2.Provide the path where the submit_check_result.sh script file is installed and then press ENTER.3.Restart the SNMPTT services by running the following command:service snmptt restartThe Nagios XI installed path is now configured.Post installation requirements9Uninstalling the Dell OpenManage Plug-in 1.Login to Nagios XI console with your credentials.The Nagios XI home page is displayed.2.Click the Admin tab.3.In the left pane, under System Extensions, click Manage Config Wizards.The Manage Configuration Wizards page is displayed.4.Locate the Dell Plug-in under Wizard Informationand click the (Delete) button under Actions , to uninstall the DellOpenManage Plug-in for Nagios XI wizard.The Dell OpenManage Plug-in is successfully uninstalled from your system.5 10Uninstalling the Dell OpenManage Plug-inAccessing support content from the DellEMC support site Access supporting content related to an array of systems management tools using direct links, going to the Dell EMC supportsite, or using a search engine.●Direct links:○For Dell EMC Enterprise Systems Management and Dell EMC Remote Enterprise Systems Management—https:// /esmmanuals○For Dell EMC Virtualization Solutions—https:///SoftwareManuals○For Dell EMC OpenManage—https:///openmanagemanuals○For iDRAC—https:///idracmanuals○For Dell EMC OpenManage Connections Enterprise Systems Management—https:/// OMConnectionsEnterpriseSystemsManagement○For Dell EMC Serviceability Tools—https:///serviceabilitytools●Dell EMC support site:1.Go to https:///support.2.Click Browse all products.3.From the All products page, click Software, and then click the required link.4.Click the required product and then click the required version.Using search engines, type the name and version of the document in the search box.Accessing support content from the Dell EMC support site11Related Documentation In addition to this guide, you can access the following guides available on the Dell Support website at /support/ manuals. On the Manuals page, click Software & Security and click the appropriate product link to access the documents:●Integrated Dell Remote Access Controller 8 with Lifecycle Controller User’s Guide●Dell Integrated Remote Access Controller 7 User’s Guide●Dell Chassis Management Controller for Dell PowerEdge M1000e User’s Guide●Dell Chassis Management Controller for Dell PowerEdge VRTX User’s Guide●Dell Chassis Management Controller for Dell PowerEdge FX2/FX2s User’s Guide●Dell Compellent Storage Arrays User’s Guide●Dell EqualLogic PS-Series Storage Arrays User’s Guide●Dell PowerVault MD Storage Arrays User’s GuideAlso see /documentation for any Nagios XI related documentation.12Related Documentation。

阿尔卡特程控交换机命令

现场培训内容目录一. 硬件 (1)1. 电路板的插拔方法 (1)2. 电路板的指示灯含义 (1)(1). CS板 (1)(2). GD板 (1)(3). UAI16板 (2)(4). PRA PCM板上 (2)二. 软件 (3)1. 创建分机 (3)2. 修改分机的公网类别（内线、市话、国内长途、国际长途） (4)3. 删除分机 (6)4. 查看话务台的工作状态........................................................................................................5. 查看中继的工作状态 (8)(1). 实时查看中继线状态 (8)(2). 静态查看中继线状态 (8)6. 查看电路板的工作状态 (8)(1). 查看所有电路板状态 (8)(2). 查看某个电路板状态 (9)7. 查看话机的工作状态 (9)8. 查看模拟/数字用户板的各端口占用状况 (9)9. 修改数据后如何进行数据备份 (10)三. 话机............................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

1. 模拟话机的基本操作（前缀、后缀、缩位拨号）.......................... 错误!未定义书签。

2. 数字话机的基本操作（功能键、编程键、前缀、后缀、缩位拨号）错误!未定义书签。

3. 话务台的基本操作（转接电话、修改分机的公网类别等） .......... 错误!未定义书签。

一. 硬件1. 电路板的插拔方法插板：用手拿着电路板的前面板，将电路板对准交换机的插槽，沿着插槽向前滑动一段，然后再按住电路板前面板的上端和下端，用力向里推，直到听见一个声响，证明电路板已经插实。

汽车维修手册.pdf_1702090250.0742981说明书

IndexAccessories and Modifications.... 107Accessories................................. 107Additional Safety Precaution.... 108Modifications............................. 108ACCESSORY (Ignition KeyPosition)........................................ 67Accessory Power Socket................ 75AddingAutomatic TransmissionFluid........................................ 153Brake Fluid................................. 155Clutch Fluid................................ 155Engine Coolant........................... 147Engine Oil................................... 143Manual Transmission Fluid..... 154Power Steering Fluid................. 156Windshield Washer Fluid......... 152Additional Information AboutYour Seat Belts........................ 42Lap Belt......................................... 43Lap/Shoulder Belt....................... 42Seat Belt Maintenance................ 44Seat Belt System Components (42)Additional Information AboutYour SRS................................... 45Additional Safety Precautions.... 48How the SRS IndicatorWorks........................................ 47How Your Airbags Work............ 45SRS Components......................... 45Additives, Engine Oil..................... 144AdjustmentsHead Restraints........................... 70Mirrors.......................................... 73Seats.............................................. 69Steering Wheel............................ 65Airbag (SRS)................................ 9, 45Air Cleaner Element...................... 157Air Conditioning System................. 78Maintenance............................... 164Usage............................................. 78Air Outlets (Vents).......................... 80Air Pressure, Tires........................ 166High Speed Driving................... 167Normal Driving.......................... 167Alcohol in Gasoline........................ 220Antifreeze....................................... 147Anti-theft Steering ColumnLock (67)Appearance Care........................... 183Ashtrays (Optional)......................... 75Audio System................................... 86Automatic Transmission............... 118Capacity, Fluid........................... 216Checking Fluid Level................ 153Shifting........................................ 118Shift Position Indicator............. 118Shift Lever Positions................. 119Shift Lock Release (122)BatteryCharging SystemIndicator............................ 55, 202Jump Starting............................. 197Maintenance............................... 160Specifications............................. 217Before Driving................................. 99Belts, Seat..................................... 8, 42Beverage Holder.............................. 74Body Repairs. (188)CONTINUEDIndexBrakesBreak-in, New Linings .............. 100Fluid............................................ 154Light, Burned-out...................... 177Parking.......................................... 73System Indicator.................. 55, 204Wear Indicators......................... 124Braking System.............................. 124Break-in, New Car......................... 100Brightness Control, Instruments... 62Brights, Headlights......................... 61Bulb ReplacementBack-up Lights........................... 177Brake Light................................ 177Front Parking Lights................. 175Front Side Marker Lights......... 175Headlights.................................. 174High-mount Brake Light.......... 178Interior Light.............................. 180License Plate Lights.................. 179Rear Side Marker Lights.......... 177Specifications............................. 217Turn Signal Lights..................... 175Bulbs, Halogen. (174)Cables, Jump Starting With.......... 197Capacities Chart............................. 216Carbon Monoxide Hazard.............. 49Cargo Area Cover............................ 72Carrying Cargo.............................. 109Cassette PlayerCare............................................... 94Operation...................................... 92CAUTION, Explanation of............... ii CD Changer...................................... 95CD Player.......................................... 95Certification Label......................... 214Chains............................................. 171Change OilHow to......................................... 145When to....................................... 134Changing a Flat Tire..................... 191Changing Engine Coolant............. 149Charging System Indicator.... 55, 202CheckingAutomatic TransmissionFluid........................................ 153Battery Condition...................... 160Brake Fluid (155)Clutch Fluid................................ 155Drive Belts.................................. 165Engine Coolant........................... 105Engine Oil................................... 104Fuses.......................................... 205Manual Transmission Fluid..... 154Power Steering Fluid................. 156Checklist, Before Driving............. 114Child Safety...................................... 21Cleaner Element, Air..................... 157CleaningExterior....................................... 184Interior........................................ 186Seat Belts.................................... 186Vinyl............................................ 186Windows..................................... 187Clock, Setting the ............................ 91Clutch Fluid.................................... 155CO in the Exhaust......................... 222Cold Weather, Starting in............. 115Compact Spare............................... 190Consumer Information*................ 226Controls, Instruments and.............. 51CoolantAdding......................................... 147Checking.....................................105IndexProper Solution.......................... 147Replacing.................................... 149Temperature Gauge.................... 58Corrosion Protection..................... 187Crankcase Emissions ControlSystem......................................... 222Customer Relations Office.. (226)DANGER, Explanation of................. ii Dashboard.................................... 2, 52Daytime Running Lights................. 61Dead Battery, What to Do............ 197Defects, Reporting Safety............. 230Defog and Defrost........................... 83Defogger, Rear Window................. 64Defrosting the Windows................. 83DEXRON ® III AutomaticTransmission Fluid.................... 153Dimensions..................................... 216Dimming the Headlights................ 61DipstickAutomatic Transmission........... 153Engine Oil................................... 104Directional Signals (62)Disabled, Towing Your Car If...... 210Disc Brake Wear Indicators......... 124Disposal of Used Oil...................... 146DoorsLocking and Unlocking............... 68DOT Tire Quality Grading........... 218Downshifting, 5-speed ManualTransmission.............................. 116Drive Belts...................................... 165Driver and Passenger Safety............ 5Driving............................................ 113Economy..................................... 106In Bad Weather.......................... 126In Foreign Countries.. (221)Economy, Fuel............................... 106Emergencies on the Road............. 189Battery, Jump Starting.............. 197Brake System Indicator............ 204Changing a Flat Tire................. 191Charging System Indicator...... 202Checking the Fuses................... 206Low Oil Pressure Indicator...... 201Malfunction Indicator Lamp. (203)Overheated Engine................... 199Emergency Brake............................ 73Emergency Flashers....................... 64Emergency Towing....................... 210Emissions Controls........................ 222EngineBelts.............................................165Coolant Temperature Gauge..... 58Malfunction IndicatorLamp................................. 56, 203Oil Pressure Indicator......... 55, 201Oil, What Kind to Use............... 143Overheating................................ 199Specifications............................. 216Engine Speed Limiter .......... 117, 121Ethanolin Gasoline....................... 220Evaporative Emissions Controls.. 222Exhaust Fumes................................ 49Expectant Mothers, Use of SeatBelts by......................................... 19Exterior, Cleaning the. (184)CONTINUEDIndexFabric, Cleaning............................. 186Fan, Interior...................................... 78Features, Comfort andConvenience................................. 72Filling the Fuel Tank..................... 101FilterAir Cleaner................................. 157Oil................................................ 1455-speed Manual TransmissionChecking Fluid Level................ 154Shifting the................................. 116Flashers, Hazard Warning.............. 64Flat Tire, Changing a.................... 191FluidsAutomatic Transmission........... 153Brake........................................... 154Clutch.......................................... 154Manual Transmission............... 154Power Steering........................... 156Windshield Washer................... 152FM Stereo RadioReception...................................... 89Folding Rear Seat............................ 71Foreign Countries, Driving in (221)Four-way Flashers........................... 64Front End, Towing byEmergency Wrecker................. 210Fuel.................................................. 100Fill Door and Cap....................... 101Gauge............................................ 58Octane Requirement................. 100Oxygenated................................ 220Reserve Indicator......................... 56Tank, Filling the......................... 101Fuses, Checking the. (205)Gas Mileage, Improving................ 106Gasohol........................................... 220Gasoline.......................................... 100Fuel Reserve Indicator................ 56Gauge............................................ 58Octane Requirement................. 100Tank, Filling the......................... 101Gas Station Procedures................. 101GaugesEngine CoolantTemperature............................ 58Fuel (58)Gearshift Lever PositionsAutomatic Transmission........... 1185-speed ManualTransmission.......................... 116Glass Cleaning............................... 187Glove Box.. (74)Halogen Headlight Bulbs.............. 174HatchOpening the.................................. 68Open Monitor Light.................... 56Hazard Warning Flashers............... 64HeadlightsDaytime Running Lights............. 61High Beam Indicator................... 56High Beams, Turning on............ 61Low Beams, Turning on............. 61Reminder Beeper......................... 61Replacing Halogen Bulbs ......... 174Turning on.................................... 61Head Restraints............................... 70Heating and Cooling........................ 78High Altitude, Starting at.............. 115High-Low Beam Switch ..................61IndexHood Latch..................................... 158Hood, Opening the........................ 102Horn............................................... 3, 60Hot Coolant, Warning about........ 147Hydraulic Clutch............................ 155Hydroplaning. (127)Identification Number, Vehicle.... 214If Your Car Has to be Towed....... 210IgnitionKeys.............................................. 66Switch............................................ 66Timing Control System............. 223Important Safety Precautions .......... 6Indicator Lights, InstrumentPanel.............................................. 53Infant Restraint................................ 29Inflation, Proper Tire .................... 166High Speed Driving................... 167Normal Driving.......................... 167Inside Mirror.................................... 73Inspection, Tire.............................. 168Instrument Panel............................. 53Instrument Panel Brightness (62)Interior Cleaning............................ 186Interior Light.................................... 76Introduction.. (i)Jacking up the Car......................... 192Jack, Tire........................................ 191Jump Starting (197)Keys (66)Label, Certification........................ 214Lane Change, Signaling.................. 62Lap Belt............................................. 43Lap/Shoulder Belt........................... 42Leaking of Exhaust into Car.......... 49LightsBulb Replacement..................... 174Indicator........................................ 53Parking.......................................... 61Turn Signal.. (62)Load Limit...................................... 110LOCK (Ignition Key Position)....... 67LocksAnti-theft Steering Column........ 67Fuel Fill Door............................. 101Hatch............................................ 68Low Coolant Level......................... 105Low Fuel Indicator.......................... 56Lower Gear, Downshifting to a.... 116Low Oil Pressure Indicator.... 55, 201Lubricant Specifications Chart.... 216Luggage (109)Maintenance................................... 129Owner Maintenance Checks.... 141Record.................................. 139-140Required Indicator....................... 59Safety...........................................130Schedule.............................. 134-138Malfunction Indicator Lamp.. 56, 203Manual Transmission.................... 116Manual Transmission Fluid (154)CONTINUED。

交换与路由技术练习题

《交换与路由技术》模拟题A．笔试部分一、选择题1、下列对OSI 参考模型从高到低表述正确的是 CA、应用层、表示层、会话层、网络层、数据链路层、传输层、物理层B、物理层、数据链路层、传输层、会话层、表示层、应用层、网络层C、应用层、表示层、会话层、传输层、网络层、数据链路层、物理层D、应用层、传输层、互联网层、网络接口层2、在OSI 7 层模型中，网络层的功能有（B）A、在信道上传送比特流B、确定数据包如何转发与路由C、建立端到端的连接，确保数据的传送正确无误D、保证数据在网络中的传输(多)3、下列属于物理层设备的是：ADA、集线器B、交换机C、网桥D、调制解调器4、下列说法正确的是：DA、按服务方式分可将计算机网络分为客户机/服务器网络、广播式网络B、按地理位置分可将计算机网络分为局域网、城域网、省域网、广域网A、按传输介质分可将计算机网络分为双绞线网、光纤网、无线网D、按地理位置分可将计算机网络分为局域网、城域网、广域网、互联网5、路由器工作在OSI 参考模型的哪一层? DA、应用层B、传输层C、表示层D、网络层6、下列对双绞线线序568A 排序正确的是：AA、白绿、绿、白橙、兰、白兰、橙、白棕、棕B、绿、白绿、橙、白橙、兰、白兰、棕、白棕C、白橙、橙、白绿、兰、白兰、绿、白棕、棕D、白橙、橙、绿、白兰、兰、白绿、白棕、棕7、OSI 七层模型在数据封装时正确的协议数据单元排序是：CA、packet、frame、bit、segmentB、frame、bit、segment、packetC、segment、packet、frame、bitD、bit、frame、packet、segment8、telnet 是文件传输协议，它使用的端口是 CA、21 22B、80C、23D、1399、有一个中学获得了C 类网段的一组IP 192.168.1.0/24，要求你划分7 个以上的子网，每个子网主机数不得少于25 台，请问子网掩码该怎么写？BA、255．255．255．128B、255．255．255．224C、255．255．255．240D、255．255．240．010、下列属于私有地址的是：CA、193．168．159．3B、100．172．1．98C、172．16．0．1D、127．0．0．111、下列IP 地址属于标准B 类IP 地址的是：BA、172.19.3.245/24B、190.168.12.7/16C、120.10.1.1/16D、10．0．0．1/1612、通过console 口管理交换机在超级终端里应设为 AA、波特率：9600 数据位：8 停止位：1 奇偶校验：无B、波特率：57600 数据位：8 停止位：1 奇偶校验：有C、波特率：9600 数据位：6 停止位：2 奇偶校验：有D、波特率：57600 数据位：6 停止位：1 奇偶校验：无13、下列可用的MAC 地址是：DA、00-00-F8-00-EC-G7B、00-0C-1E-23-00-2A-01C、00-00-0C-05-1CD、00-D0-F8-00-11-0A14、通常以太网采用了（D）协议以支持总线型的结构。

Digilent Digital Discovery 参考手册说明书

Digital Discovery Reference ManualThe Digilent Digital Discovery™ is a combined logic analyzer and pattern generator instrument that was created to be the ultimate embedded development companion. The Digital Discovery was designed to optimize channels, speed, and portability. The small form factor facilitates easy storage and provides a whole suite of advanced features to allow you to debug, visualize, and simulate digital signals for most embedded projects. The digital inputs and outputs can be connected to a circuit using simple wire probes or breadboard wires; alternatively, the Digital Discovery High Speed Adapter and impedance-matched probes can be used to connect and utilize the inputs and outputs for more advanced projects. The Digital Discovery is driven by the free WaveForms software and can be configured to be any of the below instruments:∙24-channel digital logic analyzer (1.2…3.3V CMOS, up to 800MS/s(with the High Speed Adapter))∙16-channel pattern generator (1.2…3.3V CMOS, 100MS/s)∙16-channel virtual digital I/O including buttons, switches, and LEDs – perfect for logic training applications∙Two input/output digital trigger signals for linking multiple instruments(1.2…3.3V CMOS)∙ A programmable power supply of 1.2…3.3V/100mA. The same voltage sup plies the Logic Analyzer input buffers and the Pattern Generator input/outputbuffers, for keeping the logic level compatibility with the circuit under test.∙Digital Bus Analyzers (SPI, I²C, UART, I2S, CAN, Parallel)The Digital Discovery was designed for anyone embarking on embeddeddevelopment. Its features and specifications were deliberately chosen to maintain a small and portable form factor, withstand use in a variety of environments, and keep costs down, while balancing the requirements of operating on USB Power.1.1 Architectural Overview and Block DiagramDigital Discovery's high-level block diagram is presented in Figure 2, below. The core of the Digital Discovery 2 is the Xilinx® Spartan®-6 FPGA (specifically, theXC6SLX25-2 device). The WaveForms application automatically programs the Discovery’s FPGA at start-up with a configuration file designed to implement a multi-function test and measurement instrument. Once programmed, the FPGA inside the Discovery communicates with the PC-based WaveForms application via a USB 2.0 connection. The WaveForms software works with the FPGA to control all the functional blocks of the Digital Discovery, including setting parameters, acquiring data, and transferring and storing data into the DDR3 memory. Signals and equations also use certain naming conventions. Signals in the Input block use “DIN” prefix to indicate these are inputs only. Signals in the Input/Output block use “DIO” prefix. Signals at the user co nnectors include “USR” in their names, while signals at the FPGA pins include “FPGA”. Signals at the FPGA pins driving the pull resistors for DIO signals, include “PULL” in their names. DIN inputs are indexed 0 to 23, DIO input/outputs are indexed 24 to 39. Memory signals have the “DDR” prefix. Supply rails show the voltage with the VCC prefix. Referring to the block diagram in Figure 2 below:∙The I/O Level Translators build the bidirectional interface for input/output pins (used in the Pattern Generator, Static IO, and Logic Analyzer) ∙The Input Dividers are the conditioning circuits for the input pins (used in the Logic Analyzer)∙The FPGA banks are supplied at different voltages:o Bank 0, Bank1: VCCIO_PROG, a variable voltage, settable in the range1.2V…3.3V. The logic standard is set to: LVCMOS18_JEDEC. Thethreshold voltage is about 0.45*VCCIO_PROG.o Bank 2: VCC3V3, a fixed voltage of 3.3V.o Bank 3: VCC1V5, a fixed voltage of 1.5V.∙ A replica of VCCIO_PROG is also available to the user, as VCCIO_USR, under the V user switch control.∙The DDR3 Data Memory block stores the Logic analyzer acquired data.∙The Power Supplies and Control block generates all internal supply voltages as well as user supply programmable voltage. The control block also monitorsthe device power consumption for USB compliance.∙The USB Controller interfaces with the PC for programming the volatile FPGA memory after power on or when a new configuration is requested. After that, it performs the data transfer between the PC and FPGA.∙The Calibration Memory stores all calibration parameters. The Digital Discovery includes no analog calibration circuitry. Instead, a calibrationoperation is performed at manufacturing (or by the user), and parameters are stored in memory. The WaveForms software uses these parameters to adjustthe acquired data and the generated signals.In the sections that follow, schematics are not shown separately for identical blocks. For example, the Input Divider is only shown for DIN0 since the schematic for all other DIN1…DIN23 is identical.Figure 2. Digital Discovery Hardware block diagram.2. I/O Level TranslatorsFigure 3 shows the DIO user connectors and Figure 4 shows the I/O level translator for DIO24. DIO25 to DIO31 use similar discrete components, connected to pins1A2…2A3, respectively 1B2…2B3 of IC2.The I/O Level Translators block includes: - Input protection: series PTC (33Ω, positive thermal coefficient thermistor) and parallel ESD/overvoltage diodes to 5.2V and GND. - Voltage level translators, SN74CBT3384C. When DIO_USR signals are driven by the DUT, the voltage at the FPGA pins is limited at VCCIO_SW-1V = 3.3V. When the FPGA drives DIO_USR signals, they pass unlimited trough the low impedanceSN74CBT3384C buffer. - Pull resistors: 10k, individually settable as Pull-Up, Pull-Down or High-Z. This is done with a second FPGA pin associated to each DIO, which can be driven High, Low or HiZ. The Pull-Up voltage is VCCIO_PROG. - DIO_FPGA pin: the bank supply voltage is VCCIO_PROG> The WaveForms software can set VCCIO_PROG from 1.2 to 3.3V. The FPGA input threshold level is about 45% of VCCIO_PROG. The output strength can be set from 2mA to 16mA. The output slew rate can be set as: Quiet, Slow or Fast.Figure 3. DIO user connectors.Figure 4. I/O level translator.The LDO in Figure 5 generates the 4.3V to supply the level translator in Figure 4.The charge-pump in Figure 6 provides the the 6V reference for the clipper in Figure 7.When all ESD diodes protecting DIO_USR in Figure 3 are OFF, Q3B is OFF, and also Q4. If overvoltage is applied on some DIO_USR pins, rising VU5V2_ESD in Figure 7 above 5.2V, Q3B and Q4 turn ON , clipping VU5V2_ESD at approximately 5V.Figure 5. VCCIO_SW supply.Figure 6. VU6V0 supply.Figure Figure 7. Backpowering voltage clipper.3. Input DividersFigure 8 shows the DIN user connector and Figure 9 shows the Input Divider for DIN0. DIN1 to DIN23 use similar input circuitry.The Input Dividers block includes:∙Frequency compensated voltage dividers: 10/11 resistive dividers with compensation for FPGA input capacitance. All the dividers together have thesettable reference voltage VREFIO. Setting VREFIO close to the logicalthreshold voltage provides the highest sensitivity, while setting VREFIO atGND or logical supply voltage increase the noise immunity. The voltage at the FPGA pin:$$V_{DIN\text{_}FPGA}=\dfrac{10}{11}∙V_{DIN\text{_}USR}+\d frac{1}{11}∙V_{REFIO}\label{1}\tag{1}$$∙The reference voltage VREFIO is generated as in Figure 10. DIN_VREF_H and DIN_VREF_L are connected to FPGA pins in bank 1. Bank1 is supplied atVCCIO. VREFIO can be set at:o0V, when DIN_VREF_H = DIN_VREF_L = lowo0.43*VCCIO_PROG, when DIN_VREF_H = high, DIN_VREF_L = lowo VCCIO_PROG, when DIN_VREF_H = DIN_VREF_L = high.∙ESD/Overvoltage protection: Shottky diodes to VCC3V3.∙DIN_FPGA pin: the bank supply voltage is VCCIO_PROG. The WaveForms software can set VCCIO_PROG from 1.2 to 3.3V. The FPGA input thresholdlevel is about 45% of VCCIO_PROG.Figure 8. DIN user connector.Figure 9. Input Divider.Figure 10 VREFIO reference.4. Power supplies and control4.1 Internal power suppliesIn Figure 11, IC16 limits the in-rush current when the device is connected to the USB port. INA214 is a current shunt amplifier, with a gain of 100. With Vref = 0.75V and R163 = 15mΩ, the output voltage is:$$V_{ISNS\text{_}VBUS}=100∙(V_{IN+}-V_{IN-})+0.75V=1.5∙I_{VU5V0}+0.75V\label{2}\tag{2}$$The VBUS voltage is halved to VSNS_VBUS, for being also monitored. IC12 in Figure 11 is a triple power supply, generating the rails of 1.2V for the FPGA core, 1.5V for Bank 3 and DDR3 memory and 3.3V, for various circuits.Figure 11 VBUS monitoring..Figure 12. Internal voltage supplies.4.2 Programmable power supplyIC13 in Figure 13 generates the VCCIO_PROG, the variable voltage to supply the input and IO banks of the FPGA:$$V_{VCCIO\text_PROG}=V_{FB}∙(1+\dfrac{R_{144}}{R_{146}}+\dfrac{R_{144}}{R_{149}} )-V_{VSET\text_VCCIO}∙\dfrac{R_{144}}{R_{146}} =3.42V-V_{VSET\text_VCCIO}∙0.82 \label{3}\tag{3}$$With VVSET_VCCIO ϵ(0…3V), VCCIO_PROG could be theoretically set in the range: VCCIO_PROG ϵ(1.02V…3.42V). IC15 is a current shunt amplifier, with a gain of 100. With Vref = 0.75V and R115 = 50mΩ, the output voltage is:$$V_{ISNS\text_USR}=100∙(V_{IN+}-V_{IN-})+0.75V=5∙I_{VCCIO\text_USR}+0.75V\label{4}\tag{4}$$IC14 is a window comparator: FAULT_USR is logical LOW, when VISNS_USR is either more than 1.5V (IVCCIO_USR>150mA) or less than 0.66V (IVCCIO_USR←18mA). If this happens, the FPGA turns EN_PWR_USR to LOW, which turns both Q1A and Q1B OFF,to protect VCCIO_USR against overcurrent and reverse current respectively. VCCIO_USR is halved to VSNS_USR, for being monitored.Figure 13. VCCIO_PROG supply.Figure 14. VCCIO_USR protection and switch.4.3. Monitoring the power suppliesThe microcontroller in Figure 15 has two roles:1.A/D Conversion of VVSNS_VBUS, VISNS_VBUS, VVSNS_USR, VISNS_USR,representing the voltages and currents consumed from VBUS and VCCIO_USR respectively. The digital results are passed to the FPGA via an SPI interface.2.Storing the calibration parameters computed as a part of the manufacturingtest. During regular behavior, the WaveForms Software reads the parameters and corrects both generated and acquired signals.The DAC in Figure 16 generates the setting voltage for programming the value of VCCIO. IC22 in Figure 17 provides 3V reference voltage for both ADC and DAC above.Figure 15. ATtiny microcontroller.Figure 16. VSET_VCCIO setting DAC.Figure 17. VREF3V0 .5. LEDs and DDR3 MemoryFigure 18 shows the two tricolor LEDs used to symbolize the Digital discovery status. Figure 19 shows the DDR3 memory for the Logic Analyzer buffer.Figure 18. LEDs.Figure 19. DDR3 memory.6. USB ControllerThe USB interface performs two tasks:Programming the FPGA: There is no non-volatile FPGA configuration memory on the Digital Discovery. The WaveForms software identifies the connecteddevice and downloads an appropriate .bit file at power-up, via a Digilent USB-JTAG interface. Adept run-time is used for low level protocols.∙Data exchange: All instrument configuration data, acquired data and status information is handled via a Digilent synchronous parallel bus and USBinterface. Speed up to 20MB/sec. is reached, depending on USB port type and load as well as PC performance.7. FPGAThe core of the Digital Discovery is the Xilinx Spartan6 FPGA circuit XC6SLX25. The configured logic performs:∙Clock management (12MHz and 60 MHz for USB communication, 100MHz and 800MHz for data sampling)∙Acquisition control and Data Storage (Logic Analyzer)∙Digital signal synthesis (for pattern generator and bus protocol controllers) ∙Trigger system (trigger detection and distribution for all instruments)∙Power supplies control and instruments enabling∙Power and temperature monitoring∙Calibration memory control∙Communication with the PC (settings, status data)Block RAM of the FPGA is used for signal synthesis. External DDR3 memory is used for data acquisition.Detail of the trigger system is shown in Figure 20. Each instrument generates a trigger signal when a trigger condition is met. Each trigger signal (including external triggers) can trigger any instrument and drive the external trigger outputs. This way, all the instruments can synchronize to each other.Figure 20. FPGA configuration trigger block diagram.Figure 21 shows the connections to the FPGA banks 0, 1 and 3.Bank 0 is used for IOs. DIO_FPGA pins are the actual input/output pins to be used with the Pattern Generator, Static IO and Logic Analyzer. A DIO_PULL pin can add Pull-Up or Pull-Down resistors to the associated DIO_FPGA pin (see Figure 4).Bank 1 is used for high speed Logic Analyzer inputs. DIN_FPGA are the actual input pins, while DIN_VREF_H and DIN_VREF_L set the reference voltage for the input dividers (see Figure 9).Bank 3 is used as port for the DDR3 memory.Figure 21. FPGA banks 0, 1 and 3.Figure 22 shows the voltage rails and decoupling for the FPGA.The internal core of the FPGA is supplied 1.2V.Banks 0 and 1 are supplied with the programmable VCCIO_PROG. By setting this from 1.2V to 3.3V, both inputs and IOs are set to be compatible with the I/O standard LVCMOS of the respective voltage. Notice that a protected version of VCCIO_PROG is also available to the user, as VCCIO_USR. This can be used to supply the Device/Circuit Under Test.Bank 3 is supplied 1.5V, for compatibility with the DDR3 IC.Bank 2 and VCCAUX are supplied 3.3V.Figure 22. FPGA powering and decoupling.8. AccessoriesThe Digital Discovery package includes;∙One 2×16 fly-wire assembly (datasheet), for the DIN_USR connector. 24DIN signals (various colors), 8 GND wires (black). The connector is keyed so thatthe correct pins are connected to the correct color wires.∙One 2×6 fly-wire assembly (datasheet), for the DIO connectors. Each one includes two VCCIO_USR (red) wires, two GND (black) wires and 8 (colored)signal wires. It has a 2×6 female connector for the Digital Discovery DINconnector, and 1 pin female connectors for the device under test. Additional Accessories that can be added at checkout;∙One High Speed Adapter, for the DIN_USR connector. The High Speed Adapter is an alternative to the 2×16 fly-wire assembly. It provides access for24 twisted cables. The adapter is not keyed, and both orientations can beused as the twisted wires are not color coded. However, if the adapter isplugged in with the ground arrows pointing down, the pins will be located as shown below:∙High Speed Logic Probes (datasheet). Each twisted cable has a GND (black) wire twisted to a DIN_USR (colored) wire. The wire connects to the HighSpeed Adapter via a 2 pin female header, and two 1 pin female connectors to the device under test. A 100Ω resistor is embedded in the signal wire, on the end closest to the device under test. All GND wires should be connected toGround of the device under test.9. Features and PerformancesThis chapter shows the features and performances as described in the Digital Discovery Datasheet. Footnotes add detailed information and annotate the HW description in this Manual.9.1. Logic Analyzer∙24 high-speed input channels (DIN0…23), accessible through one 2×16 connector, used with the Logic Analyzer in Waveforms (560kΩ||10pF)∙16 digital I/Os (DIO24…39) arranged in two Pmod-style (2×6) connectors, used with the Logic Analyzer in Waveforms 1)∙800MSps input sample rate when using maximum 8 inputs (and the High Speed Adapter), 400 MSps with maximum 16 inputs (with the High SpeedAdapter), 200MSps and lower with maximum 32 inputs 2)∙User programmable input and output LVCMOS voltage levels from 1.2V to3.3V 3) (5V compatible 4) )∙100MHz signal input bandwidth∙2Gbit DDR3 acquisition buffer for Logic Analyzer∙Multiple trigger options including pin change, bus pattern, etc 5)∙Digital Bus Analyzers (SPI, I²C, UART, Parallel)9.2. Multi-purpose Digital I/O∙16 digital I/Os arranged in two Pmod-style (2×6) connectors.∙Each of the 16 pins can be configured for input (Logic analyzer) or set as output 6).∙Algorithmic pattern generator (no buffers used) 7)∙Custom pattern buffer/ch.: 32Ksamples∙ROM Logic for implementing user defined Boolean functions and State Machines∙Bus Protocol Controllers (SPI, UART, I²C)∙100MSps max. output sample rate (50MHz maximum output frequency).∙Automatic or manual strength and slew settings for outputs. 8)∙User programmable logic I/O levels from 1.2V to 3.3V (5V compatible) 9),10).9.3. Other features∙USB bus powered∙User power supplies, 1.2V to 3.3V, available in the two Pmod-style connectors (100mA max)∙Twisted wire high-speed cable option for input channels to insure signal integrity∙Free Waveforms 2015 software runs on Windows, MacOS, and Linux∙Cross-triggering between Logic Analyzer, Pattern Generator or external trigger ∙Data file import/export using standard formats∙80X80X25mm, 80g (without accessories)∙includes: USB cable, fly-wire accessoryWritten by Mircea Dabacan, PhD, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Romania 1) , 6)The 16 DIO lines are primarily intended for the Pattern Generator, protocol controllers and Static IO instruments. For user convenience, some or all of them can be used by the Logic Analyzer also (see footnote 2). However, DIO input circuitry is different compared to DIN. Even more, when driving a DIO pin with the Pattern Generator and reading it back with the Logic Analyzer, the signal is read at the FPGA pin and does not propagate trough the external DIO circuitry. Consequently, when combining DIN and DIO pins in the Logic Analyzer, misalignments can be observed, at high acquisition rate.2)Available combinations in WaveForms:1.200MHz, DIN0...23, DIO24 (31)2.200MHz, DIO24...39, DIN0 (15)3.400MHz, DIN0 (15)4.400MHz, DIO24 (39)5.800MHz, DIN0 (7)6.800MHz, DIO24 (31)3) , 8) , 9)The FPGA DIN and DIO pins are set to LVCMOS18_JEDEC IOSTANDARD. The supply voltage of the associated FPGA banks is set (by user) to any value from 1.2V to 3.3V. The threshold level (at the FPGA pins) is about 45% of the bank supply voltage. For standard voltages of: 1.2V, 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V, the threshold levels (at the FPGA pins) are: 0.58V, 0.7V, 0.82V, 1.1V and 1.42V respectively.4) , 10)Setting the voltage to 3.3V, 5V logic inputs are tolerated but the input threshold is 1.42V. LVCMOS 3.3V output signals are compatible to most external logical circuits supplied with 5V.5)Trigger Detectors and Trigger Distribution Networks are implemented in the FPGA. This allows real time triggering and cross-triggering of different instruments within the Digital Discovery device. Using external Trigger inputs/outputs, cross-triggering between multiple Digital Discovery devices is possible.7)Real time implemented in the FPGA configuration.。

STM32MP1 系列密钥生成器软件说明说明书

引言STM32CubeProgrammer(STM32CubeProg )已经内置STM32MP1系列密钥生成器软件（本文档中称其为STM32MP1-KeyGen)。

STM32MP1-KeyGen 可生成二进制映像签名所需的ECC 密钥对。

STM32签名工具在签名时会使用已生成的密钥。

STM32MP1-KeyGen 可生成公钥文件、私钥文件和哈希公钥文件。

公钥文件包含已生成的PEM 格式ECC 公钥。

私钥文件包含PEM 格式加密ECC 私钥。

加密操作可使用aes 128 cbc 或aes 256 cbc 密码算法。

利用--prvkey-enc 选项可选择密码算法。

哈希公钥文件包含二进制格式公钥SHA-256哈希值。

该SHA-256哈希值是基于公钥计算得出的、无任何编码格式的数值。

公钥的第一个字节仅用于指示该公钥的格式是压缩格式还是非压缩格式。

由于仅支持非压缩格式，因此可删除该字节。

STM32MP1系列密钥生成器软件说明UM2542User manual安装STM32MP1-KeyGen 1安装STM32MP1-KeyGen此工具随STM32CubeProgrammer软件包（STM32CubeProg）一同安装。

有关配置规程的详细信息，请参见用户手册STM32CubeProgrammer软件说明中的第1.2章（UM2237）。

此软件适用于基于Arm®的STM32MP1系列MPU。

提示Arm是Arm Limited（或其子公司）在美国和/或其他地区的注册商标。

STM32MP1-KeyGen命令行接口2STM32MP1-KeyGen命令行接口以下各节介绍如何由命令行来使用STM32MP1-KeyGen。

2.1指令以下列出了可供使用的命令：•--private-key (-prvk)–说明：私钥文件路径（扩展名.pem）–语法：-prvk <private_key_file_path>–示例：-prvk ../privateKey.pem•--public-key (-pubk)–说明：公钥文件路径（扩展名.pem）–语法：-pubk <public_key_file_path>–示例：-pubk C:\publicKey.pem•--public-key-hash (-hash)–说明：哈希映像文件路径（扩展名.bin）–语法：-hash <hash_file_path>•--absolute-path (-abs)–说明：输出文件的绝对路径–语法：-abs <absolue_path_folder_path>–示例：-abs C:\KeyFolder\•--password (-pwd)–说明：私钥密码（此密码必须至少包含四个字符）–示例：-pwd azerty•--prvkey-enc (-pe)–说明：加密私钥算法（aes128/aes256）（aes256算法为默认算法）–语法：-pe aes128•--ecc-algo (-ecc)–说明：ECC密钥生成算法（prime256v1/brainpoolP256t1）（prime256v1为默认算法）–语法：-ecc prime256v1•--help (-h and -?)–说明：显示帮助。

UVM1.1应用指南及源代码分析_20111211版

I
而后半部分（第 10 到第 19 章）则介绍 UVM 背后的工作原理，用户群相对稀少。通常来说，一般的用户只要看懂前半部分就可以了。但是我想，世上总有像我一样有好奇心的人，不满足知其然再不知其所以然，会有人像我一样，会因为一个技术问题而彻夜难眠，如果你是这样的人，那么恭喜，这本书的后半部分就是为你准备的。
UVM1.1 应用指南及源代码分析
UVM1.1 Application Guide and Source Code Analysis
张强著
在这里，读懂 UVM
序
写这本书的难度超出了我的预料。从 8 月初开始写，一直到现在，4 个多月的时间，从刚开始的满含激情，到现在的精疲力尽。现在写出来的东西，距离我心目中的作品差距十万八千里，有太多的地方没有讲述清楚，有太多的地方需要仔细斟酌，有太多的语句需要换一种表述方式。
8. register model的使用 ..............................................................................................125
8.1. register model简介...................................................................................125
写这本书，只是想把自己会的一点东西完全的落于纸上。在努力学习 UVM 的过程中，自己花费了很多时间和精力。我只想把学习的心得记录下来，希望能够给后来的人以启发。如果这本书能够给一个人带来一点点的帮助，那么我的努力就不算是白费。
这本书的前半部分（第 1 到第 9 章）介绍了 UVM 的使用，其用户群较为广泛；

汽车商品说明书

IndexAccessories and Modifications.... 164Accessories................................. 164Additional Safety Precaution.... 165Modifications............................. 165ACCESSORY (Ignition KeyPosition)....................................... 72Accessory Power Socket.............. 102AddingAutomatic TransmissionFluid............................... 221, 222Brake Fluid................................. 224Clutch Fluid................................ 225Engine Coolant........................... 213Engine Oil................................... 208Manual Transmission Fluid..... 223Power Steering Fluid................. 225Windshield Washer Fluid......... 220Additional Information AboutYour Airbags............................ 46Additional Safety Precautions.... 46Airbag Service (46)Additional Information AboutYour Front Airbags................. 41How Your Front AirbagsWork.......................................... 41How Your SRS Indicator Light Works....................................... 43SRS Components......................... 41Additional Information AboutYour Seat Belts........................ 40Lap/Shoulder Belts..................... 40Seat Belt Maintenance................ 41Seat Belt System Components... 40Additional Information AboutYour Side Airbags.................... 44How The Side Airbag Indicator Light Works............................. 45How Your Side Airbags Work.... 44Additives, Engine Oil..................... 210AdjustmentsMirrors........................................ 95Head Restraints........................... 88Seats.............................................. 84Steering Wheel............................ 65Airbag (SRS)...................................... 9Air Cleaner Element. (226)Air Conditioning............................. 106Maintenance............................... 238Usage.......................................... 106Air Conditioning Filter.................. 239Air Pressure, Tires........................ 241Alcohol in Gasoline........................ 303Antifreeze....................................... 213Anti-lock Brakes (ABS)Description................................. 182Indicator Light.................... 53, 183Operation.................................... 182Anti-theft Steering Column Lock .. 71Appearance Care........................... 261Audio System......................... 121, 133Automatic Speed Control................ 66Automatic Transmission................ 174Capacity, Fluid........................... 298Checking Fluid Level........ 221, 222Shifting........................................ 174Shift Lever Position Indicator.. 175Shift Lever Positions................. 175Shift Lock Release (178)CONTINUEDIndexBatteryCharging System Light....... 52, 284Jump Starting............................. 278Maintenance...............................233Specifications............................. 299Before Driving............................... 155Belts, Seat.......................................... 8Beverage Holder............................ 100Body Repair.................................... 267BrakesAnti-lock System (ABS)............ 182Break-in, New Linings .............. 156Fluid............................................ 224Light, Burned-out...................... 254Parking.......................................... 97System Indicator.......................... 52Wear Indicators......................... 181Brakes, ABSDescription................................. 182Operation.................................... 182System Indicator................. 53, 183Braking System.............................. 181Break-in, New Car......................... 156Brightness Control, Instruments (61)Brights, Headlights......................... 60Bulb ReplacementBack-up Lights........................... 255Brake Lights............................... 254Ceiling Light............................... 257Courtesy Light........................... 258Front Parking Lights................. 253Front Side Marker Lights......... 252Headlights.................................. 251High-mount Brake Light.......... 256License Plate Lights.................. 256Specifications............................. 299Spotlight...................................... 258Trunk Light................................ 259Turn Signal Lights..................... 252Bulbs, Halogen. (251)Cables, Jump Starting With.......... 279Capacities Chart............................. 298Carbon Monoxide Hazard.............. 47Carrying, Cargo............................. 166Cassette PlayerCare............................................. 150Operation........................... 126, 147CAUTION, Explanation of............... ii CD Changer.......................... 129, 143CD Player........................................ 141Certification Label......................... 296Chains............................................. 246Change OilHow to.........................................210When to....................................... 198Changing a Flat Tire..................... 271Changing Engine Coolant............. 215Charging System Indicator.... 52, 284CheckingAutomatic TransmissionFluid................................ 221, 222Battery Condition...................... 233Brake Fluid................................. 224Clutch Fluid................................ 225Drive Belts.................................. 239Engine Coolant........................... 162Engine Oil................................... 160Fuses...........................................289Manual Transmission Fluid..... 223Power Steering Fluid................. 225Checklist, Before Driving............. 170Cleaner, Air....................................226IndexCleaningAluminum Wheels................... 263Carpeting................................... 264Exterior........................................ 262Fabric......................................... 264Interior....................................... 264Seat Belts................................... 265Vinyl........................................... 264Window...................................... 265Climate Control System................ 113Clock, Setting the ............................ 98Clutch Fluid................................... 225CO in the Exhaust......................... 305Coin Box........................................... 99Cold Weather, Starting in............. 172Compact Spare............................... 270Console Compartment.................... 99Consumer Information*................ 310Controls, Instruments and.............. 49CoolantAdding......................................... 213Checking..................................... 162Proper Solution.......................... 213Temperature Gauge.................... 57Corrosion Protection (266)Crankcase Emissions ControlSystem......................................... 305Cruise Control Operation............... 66Customer Relations Office.. (310)DANGER, Explanation of................. ii Dashboard........................................ 50Daytime Running Lights................. 61Dead Battery, What to Do............ 278Defects, Reporting Safety............. 314DEXRON ® III AutomaticTransmission Fluid.................... 221Dimensions..................................... 298Dimming the Headlights................ 60DipstickAutomatic Transmission.. 221, 222Engine Oil................................... 160Directional Signals........................... 62Disabled, Towing Your Car If...... 293Disc Brake Wear Indicators......... 181Disposal of Used Oil...................... 212DoorsLocking and Unlocking............... 72Power Door Locks.. (72)DOT Tire Quality Grading........... 301Downshifting, 5-speed ManualTransmission.............................. 173Drive Belts...................................... 239Driver and Passenger Safety............ 5Driving............................................ 169Economy..................................... 163In Bad Weather.......................... 184In Foreign Countries.. (304)Economy, Fuel............................... 163Emergencies on the Road............. 269Battery, Jump Starting.............. 278Brake System Indicator............ 286Changing a Flat Tire................. 271Charging System Indicator...... 284Checking the Fuses................... 289Low Oil Pressure Indicator...... 283Malfunction Indicator Lamp.... 285Manually Closing Moonroof.... 287Overheated Engine................... 281Emergency Brake. (97)CONTINUEDIndexEmergency Flashers....................... 64Emergency Towing....................... 293Emissions Controls........................ 305EngineBelts............................................. 239Coolant Temperature Gauge..... 57Malfunction IndicatorLamp................................. 53, 285Oil Pressure Indicator......... 52, 283Oil, What Kind to Use............... 208Overheating................................ 281Specifications............................. 299Speed Limiter.................... 174, 178Engine Speed Limiter........... 174, 178Ethanol in Gasoline ....................... 303Evaporative Emissions Controls.. 305Exhaust Fumes................................ 47Expectant Mothers, Use of SeatBelts by.........................................17Exterior, Cleaning the. (262)Fabric, Cleaning............................. 264Fan, Interior (106)Features, Comfort andConvenience............................... 105Filling the Fuel Tank..................... 156FilterAir Conditioning........................ 239Oil................................................ 210First Gear, Shifting........................ 1775-speed Manual TransmissionChecking Fluid Level................ 2235-speed Manual TransmissionShifting the................................. 173Flashers, Hazard Warning.............. 64Flat Tire, Changing a.................... 271FluidsAutomatic Transmission ..221, 222Brake........................................... 224Clutch.......................................... 225Manual Transmission............... 223Power Steering........................... 225Windshield Washer................... 220FM Stereo RadioReception.................................... 139Folding Rear Seat............................ 89Foreign Countries, Driving in...... 304Four-way Flashers (64)Front End, Towing byEmergency Wrecker................. 293Fuel.................................................. 156Fill Door and Cap....................... 156Gauge............................................ 57Octane Requirement................. 156Oxygenated................................ 303Tank, Filling the......................... 156Fuses, Checking the. (289)Gas Mileage, Improving................ 163Gasohol........................................... 303Gasoline.......................................... 156Gauge............................................ 57Octane Requirement................. 156Tank, Filling the......................... 156Gas Station Procedures................. 156GaugesEngine Coolant Temperature .... 57Fuel................................................ 57Gearshift Lever PositionsAutomatic Transmission........... 1755-speed ManualTransmission..........................173Index Glass Cleaning (265)Glove Box (79)Halogen Headlight Bulbs (251)Hazard Warning Flashers (64)Headlights (60)Aiming (249)Automatic Lighting Off (61)Daytime Running Lights (61)High Beam Indicator (54)High Beams, Turning on (60)Low Beams, Turning on (60)Reminder Chime (60)Replacing Halogen Bulbs (251)Turning on (60)Head Restraints (88)Heating and Cooling (106)High Altitude, Starting at (172)High-Low Beam Switch (60)HomeLink UniversalTransmitter (80)Hood, Opening the (158)Hot Coolant, Warning about (214)Hydraulic Clutch (225)Hydroplaning (185)Identification Number, Vehicle (296)If Your Car Has to be Towed (293)IgnitionKeys (69)Switch (71)Timing Control System (306)Immobilizer System (70)Important Safety Precautions (6)Indicator Lights, InstrumentPanel (51)Infant Restraint (27)Inflation, Proper Tire (241)Inside Mirror (95)Inspection, Tire (243)Instrument Panel (51)Instrument Panel Brightness (61)Interior Cleaning (264)Interior Lights (103)Introduction (i)Jacking up the Car (273)Jack, Tire (272)Jump Starting (278)Keys (69)Label, Certification (296)Lane Change, Signaling (62)Lap/Shoulder Belts (39)Leaking of Exhaust into Car (47)LightsBulb Replacement (251)Indicator (51)Parking (60)Turn Signal (62)LOCK (Ignition Key Position) (71)CONTINUED。

小学上册第10次英语第六单元自测题

小学上册英语第六单元自测题英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1. A ______ is a type of animal that can breathe underwater.2.The __________ (历史的艺术作品) tell stories of the past.3.The clouds are ______ (fluffy) and white.4.My friend loves ______ (动物).5.How many colors are in a rainbow?A. FiveB. SixC. SevenD. Eight6.The color change in a reaction is a sign that a __________ (变化) has occurred.7.We can grow __________ (蔬菜) like tomatoes and carrots.8.What is the name of the famous explorer who discovered Australia?A. James CookB. Abel TasmanC. Ferdinand MagellanD. Christopher ColumbusA9.The ______ (海龟) swims gracefully in the ocean.10.The rabbit makes a cozy _________ (窝).11.Certain plants are known for their ______ (观赏价值).12.The flowers bloom in ______ (spring).13.We have _______ lessons every week.14.What do we call a person who studies languages?A. LinguistB. PolyglotC. TranslatorD. All of the above15.The first African American to win a Nobel Prize was _______.16.How many legs does a spider have?A. 6B. 8C. 10D. 1217. A ______ (猴子) swings from branch to branch in trees.18.The teacher is ______ (kind) to all students.19.My friend enjoys playing ____ (video games) after school.20.The bear catches a fish with its _____ strong paws.21.The __________ (道路) leads to the park.22.The process of condensation occurs when gas becomes a ______.23.I wish my __________ (玩具名) could __________ (动词) with me.24.I saw a _______ (小水獺) playing with a ball.25.I love to _____ (dance/sing) at school.26.An endothermic reaction ______ heat from the surroundings.27.He is very _____ (认真) about his studies.28. A ______ is a geological structure that rises steeply.29.What animal is known for having a long neck?A. ElephantB. GiraffeC. ZebraD. Lion30.What is the name of the famous painting by Vincent van Gogh?A. The Last SupperB. Starry NightC. The ScreamD. Girl with a Pearl EarringB31.The chemical formula for iron oxide is _______.32.How many months are there in a year?A. 10B. 12C. 11D. 9B33.Cultivating plants can enhance your ______ (生活质量).34.The playground is ___. (fun)35.What is the first month of the year?A. DecemberB. JanuaryC. FebruaryD. MarchB36.The _____ (children/adults) are playing outside.37.The musician plays the _____ (小号) in the band.38.The _______ (章鱼) has eight arms.39.古代的________ (ruins) 在世界各地都能找到，代表着过去的文化。

onnxruntime windows推理编译 -回复

onnxruntime windows推理编译-回复ONNX Runtime是一个基于开源ONNX（开放神经网络交换）标准的高性能推理引擎，可以在各种硬件平台上运行深度学习模型。

在本文中，我们将详细介绍在Windows操作系统上编译和使用ONNX Runtime进行推理的步骤。

让我们一步一步地开始。

第一步：安装依赖项在开始编译ONNX Runtime之前，我们需要安装一些必要的依赖项。

以下是在Windows操作系统上安装所需的依赖项的步骤：1. 安装Visual Studio首先，我们需要安装Visual Studio（建议使用最新版本）。

您可以从Microsoft的官方网站下载并安装Visual Studio。

确保选择包含C++开发工具的Visual Studio安装。

2. 安装CMakeCMake是一个开源的跨平台构建工具，我们将使用它来生成ONNX Runtime的构建系统。

您可以从CMake的官方网站下载并安装最新版本的CMake。

3. 安装依赖项ONNX Runtime还依赖于其他几个第三方库，包括Protobuf和Ninja。

您可以使用vcpkg（一个C++库管理工具）来快速安装这些依赖项。

请按照vcpkg的官方文档进行安装和配置。

在安装和配置vcpkg之后，打开命令提示符并运行以下命令来安装Protobuf和Ninja：vcpkg install protobuf ninja第二步：获取ONNX Runtime源代码在成功安装所有依赖项后，我们需要获取ONNX Runtime的源代码。

您可以在ONNX Runtime的GitHub存储库上找到源代码。

您可以使用Git 工具克隆存储库，或者直接从GitHub网站下载源代码的zip文件。

第三步：配置和生成在成功获取源代码后，我们需要使用CMake生成ONNX Runtime的构建系统。

请按照以下步骤进行配置和生成：1. 创建一个新文件夹来保存生成的构建系统。

Intel System Bring-up Toolkit for Linux 用户手册说明书

Get Started with the Intel® System Bring Up Toolkit for Linux*Get Started with the Intel® System Bring Up Toolkit for Linux*ContentsChapter 1: Get Started with the Intel® System Bring-up Toolkit for Linux* for Windows*Configure Your System (3)Intel® SoC Watch and Intel® VTune™ Profiler (4)Intel® System Debugger (5)Run a Sample Project with Eclipse* (6)Next Steps (7)Notices and Disclaimers (8)2Get Started with the Intel® System Bring-up Toolkit for Linux* for Windows* 1Attention Intel® System Bring-up Toolkit is available under Non-Disclosure Agreement only. Please see the Intel® System Bring-up Toolkit for more details.The following instructions assume you have installed the toolkit.Follow These Steps for the Intel® System Bring-up Toolkit:1.Configure Your System2.Collect and analyze energy data with Intel® SoC Watch and Intel® VTune™ Profiler3.Debug and trace target system software with Intel® System Debugger.IntroductionThe Intel® System Bring-up Toolkit provides a set of tools that:•Simplify system bring-up•Enhance system validation•Help optimize power and performanceThe Intel® System Bring-up Toolkit also supports the breadth of Intel platforms and accelerators for system bring-up and optimization.Components included in this toolkit:•Intel® System Debugger•Intel® VTune™ Profiler•Intel® SoC WatchFor a complete list of system requirements, refer to the Intel® System Bring-up Toolkit page.Configure Your SystemIntel® System Bring-up ToolkitBefore accessing the tools, configure the environment variables by sourcing the setvars.sh scriptrunning the setvars.bat script. If you have installed the Intel® oneAPI Base Toolkit and have already sourcedrun this script, proceed to Intel® SoC Watch and Intel® VTune™ Profiler to run a collection directly on a Windows* or Linux* system.To access the tools in this toolkit, launch the Windows Start menu and open the Intel oneAPI 2021 folder.Collect and Analyze Energy Data with Intel® SoC Watch and Intel® VTune™ ProfilerRun a collection directly on a Windows, or Linux OS system using the Intel SoC Watch command line tool and import the results to Intel® VTune™ Amplifier for visualization.31 Get Started with the Intel® System Bring Up Toolkit for Linux*Intel® SoC Watch and Intel® VTune™ ProfilerStep 1: Configure and Install on Target System1.Select the installer for your target platform. The target installer for Intel Soc Watch is located in thefolder: C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\socwatch\latest\socwatch_for_target.2.Copy the Intel® SoC Watch installer (<install_dir>\target\windows_socwatch\socwatch_windows_<version> .msi) to the target Windows system.3.Run the installer on the target system. The package includes a user's guide, and an End User LicenseAgreement. By default, the Intel SoC Watch collector is installed in the C:\Program Files(x86)\Intel\SoCWatch directory.4.Navigate to the Intel SoC Watch installation directory.Alternatively, set your PATH environment variable to point to the installed bin directory containingsocwatch.exe any of the following ways:•Update the PATH variable in the Control Panel.•Execute set PATH=<value>;%PATH% command to temporarily set the variable in the current command prompt.Now you are ready to begin collection.NOTE You need root access to run Intel® SoC Watch.1.Select the installer for your target platform. The target installer for Intel Soc Watch is located in thefolder: /opt/intel/oneapi/socwatch/latest/socwatch_for_target2.In this example we will use your Linux host as the target, but you can copy the SoC Watch collector toa different Linux target. Extract the installer /opt/intel/oneapi/socwatch/socwatch_linux_<version>_x86_64.tar.gz to a directory.For example, run the following command to install SoC Watch:sudo tar zxvf socwatch_linux_<version>_x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/intel/3.Navigate to the Intel SoC Watch installation directory.Alternatively, set your PATH environment variable to point to the installed bin directory containing socwatch.4.Navigate to /opt/intel/socwatch_linux_<version>_x86_64 and source thesetup_socwatch_env.sh script.5.Build the SoC Watch driver using the following command:sudo -E ./builddriver -l -n6.Install the SoC Watch driver using the following command:sudo insmod drivers/socwatch2_10.koFor more information, including additional configuration options, see the Intel SoC Watch User's Guide located in the directory in which the collector is installed or available onlineavailable online.Step 2: Collect Data1.Open a command prompt with administrativeroot privileges on the target system with Intel® SoC Watchinstalled.42.Run the command below to capture CPU time in low power states over a 60-second period and importthe result to the Intel ® VTune ™ Profiler .socwatch -t 60 -f cpu-cstate -m -o results/test -r vtuneThe report file is saved to the results directory as test.pwr .Step 3: View ResultsWhen collection completes, a message appears with the location of the result files. In this example, the summary report is located in the current directory in the results/test.pwr file.1.Copy the report file test.pwr from the target system to the host system.2.Import the file to the Intel ® VTune ™ Profiler project:a.Launch Intel VTune Profiler GUI on the host system. From a terminal window, go to <install_dir>/oneapi/vtune/latest/vtune-gui b.Create a new project or open an existing one.c.ClickImport Result and navigate to the test.pwr file.The results are opened in the default Platform Power Analysis viewpoint.For detailed information about using Intel SoC Watch, see the Energy Analysis User Guide .Intel® System DebuggerSpeed up system bring-up and validation of system hardware and software using in-depth debug and trace of BIOS/UEFI, firmware, device drivers, operating system kernels, and more.Connecting to TargetTo start using the Intel ® System Debugger , physically connect a cable to the target device (follow instructions for your cable and/or target device) and follow these steps to launch the debugger:unch the Intel ® System Debugger IDE: click Intel ® System Debugger in your Start menu or runthe script <install-dir>\iss_ide_eclipse-launcher.bat , where <install-dir> is theinstallation location of Intel ® System Debugger (by default, C:\IntelSWTools\system_debugger\<version>-nda )Double click the Intel System Debugger icon on the desktop or run the script <install-dir >/iss_ide_eclipse-launcher.sh , where <install-dir> is the installation location of Intel ® System Debugger (by default, /opt/intel/system_debugger/<version>-nda )where <install-dir > is the root directory of your Intel System Debugger installation.2.Click the New Connection drop-down list in the main toolbar of the Intel ® System Studio IDE.3.Select Connect and detect target to allow the Target Connection Assistant to automatically identify and configure your target.4.If your target was not detected correctly, you can set it up manually. For instructions, refer to the wizard help (see the button at the bottom-left).5.When the target is successfully detected, verify the connection configuration details in the final wizarddialog. For instructions on configuring the connection components, refer to the Target ConnectionAssistant User Guide available from the Eclipse* Help.To change the probe used for connection, click Select on the right and choose an alternative connection method.If you want to connect to the target right away, check the Connect to target on finish box.Get Started with the Intel ® System Bring-up Toolkit for Linux* for Windows* 151 Get Started with the Intel® System Bring Up Toolkit for Linux*6.Click Finish.7.After the connection has been established, the greenbutton next to the target selection drop-down list becomes inactive and the redConnect Array Disconnect button becomes active.The word (Connected) appears in title bar of the Debug Targets Connection tab.First Steps with Intel® System Debugger — System DebugSystem Debug is a component of Intel® System Debugger. System Debug enables you to debug low-level systems software such as UEFI implementations and OS kernels.Before you proceed, ensure that you followed the steps in the Connecting to Target section and youopened the ArrayDebug perspective. Otherwise, select Window > Perspective > Open Perspective > Debug.For instructions on common debug use cases and additional configurations, refer to the Intel® System Debugger documentation.First Steps with Intel® System Debugger — System TraceSystem Trace is a component of Intel® System Debugger. Among other features, System Trace enables you to:•Capture logs broadcast by the Intel® Trace Hub•Filter and search the captured logs•Find sequences of events that follow your custom scenariosBefore you proceed, ensure that you followed the steps in the Connecting to Target section.Open the Trace Perspective1.Select Window > Perspective > Open Perspective > Other to open the list of availableperspectives.2.Select System Trace, then click OK.3.In the Welcome to System Trace dialog, select Help me setup a new project and click OK.4.Type the project name into the Project name field and click Next.5.Review the connection settings you set up earlier in the section Connecting to Target and click Next.6.Optionally, change the default name of the trace output file. Click Finish.For instructions on common trace use cases and additional configurations, refer to the Intel® System Debugger documentationRun a Sample Project with Eclipse*Follow instructions below to use System Trace component of Intel® System Debugger to import and decode trace capture. You can find more samples at <install-dir>\documentation\samples\index.html<install-dir>/documentation/samples/index.html but all of them except this one require a real target system connected to your host.Decode Trace Capture FileIntel® System Debugger includes a Python*-based command line interface called TraceCLI for capturing and decoding system trace data. Developers can use the TraceCLI Python package for automating trace capture, and the System Trace UI for development and manual trace capture. Use an example file located at<install-dir>/system_trace/examples/input/mipi_aet_fake_trace.bin.bin. The file contains trace data captured with the 10th Generation Intel® Core Processor and the Intel® Direct Connect Interface6(Intel® DCI) USB debug class connection method. You do not need a real target system connected to your host to use this sample. This project demonstrates decoding a trace file using the trace UI method mentioned above.unch the Intel® System Debugger from the Windows* Start menu.2.Press Ctrl+3 to open the Eclipse* Quick Access control and type system trace. Select the System Traceperspective.3.Close the window labeled Create Connection for Debug & Trace.4.From Project Explorer, select Create a project.5.In the Select a wizard window, select Trace Project from the Intel(R) System Trace Tool folder, andclick Next.6.Enter a project name and click Finish.7.From Project Explorer, select Create New Trace Configuration... from the configuration folder.8.Provide a trace configuration name.9.Import Trace Capture.In the wizard is already closed, navigate to the Project Explorer, expand the capture node, and click Import Trace Capture.10.Click Browse and navigate to the example file at <install-dir>/system_trace/examples/input/mipi_aet_fake_trace.bin.bin11.In the Project Explorer, right-click the imported capture file and select Decode as.12.From the Use Case drop-down list, select CMP General decode and click OK.MessageView001 opens showing the decoded trace. For instructions on how to analyze trace, see the Intel®System Debugger - System Trace chapter located at <install-dir>\documentation\system_trace\index.html<install-dir>/documentation/system_trace/index.html.Next StepsIntel® System Bring-up ToolkitResource DescriptionIntel® VTune™ Profiler Intel VTune Profiler is a performance analysis tool targeted forusers developing serial and multithreaded applications. The toolis delivered as a Performance Profiler with Intel PerformanceSnapshots and supports local and remote target analysis on theWindows*, Linux*, and Android* platforms.Intel® System Debugger documentation (to access the link, you must sign the Non-Disclosure Agreement and log in using proper credentials)Intel® System Debugger is a modern, GUI-based architecture system software debugger. It presents a view of the system state (architecturally defined processor registers and platform registers) along with the software being executed on the target system.NOTE Complete documentation for Intel® System Debugger is also bundled with the product. For the latest and mostdetailed information, see the in-package version at<install-dir>\documentation\index.html or followthe link in the left column.Intel® SoC WatchIntel® SoC Watch Intel® SoC Watch is a command line tool for monitoring anddebugging system behaviors related to power consumption onIntel® architecture-based platforms. It reports active and lowpower states for the system/CPU/GPU/devices, processorGet Started with the Intel® System Bring-up Toolkit for Linux* for Windows* 17frequencies and throttling reasons, wakeups, and other metrics that provide insight into the system's energy efficiency. The tool includes utility functions that include delaying the start of collection and launching an application prior to starting collection.NOTE Complete documentation for Intel ® SoC Watch isbundled with the product. For the latest and most detailed information, see the in-package version.Notices and DisclaimersIntel technologies may require enabled hardware, software or service activation.No product or component can be absolutely secure.Your costs and results may vary.©Intel Corporation. Intel, the Intel logo, and other Intel marks are trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries. Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.No license (express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise) to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document.The products described may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request.Intel disclaims all express and implied warranties, including without limitation, the implied warranties ofmerchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement, as well as any warranty arising from course of performance, course of dealing, or usage in trade.1 Get Started with the Intel ® System Bring Up Toolkit for Linux*8。

华为路由交换机命令大全

华为路由交换命令大全华为一般模式（用户户级）命令：(每条命令都可以+？查看其配置参数)>？enable Turn on privileged commands 转入特权用户模式exit Exit from EXEC 退出配置help Description of the interactive help system 系统帮助简述language Switch language mode (English, Chinese) 语言模式切换ping Send echo messages 检查网络主机连接及主机是否可达show Show running system information 显示系统运行信息telnet Open a telnet connection 远程登录功能tracert Trace route to destination 跟踪到目的地经过了哪些路由器华为特权模式命令：#?clear Reset functions 清除各项统计信息clock Manage the system clock 管理系统时钟configure Enter configuration mode 进入全局配置模式copy Upload config file to tftp server 上载配置文件到TFTP服务器debug Debugging functions 开启调试开关disable Turn off privileged commands 返回普通用户模式download Download the new version config 下载新版本配置文件erase Erase the configuration file in flash or nvram 擦除FLASH或NVRAM中的配置文件exec-timeout Enable EXEC time out 打开EXEC超时退出开关exit Exit from EXEC 退出配置first-config Set or clear the first config flag 设置或清除初次配置标志get Download config file from tftp server 从TFTP服务器下载配置文件help Description of the interactive help system 系统帮助简述language Switch language mode (English, Chinese) 语言模式切换no Disable some parameter switchs 关闭某些参数开关ping Send echo messages 检查网络主机连接及主机是否可达reboot Reboot the router 路由器重启setup Run the SETUP command facility 配置路由器参数show Show running system information 显示系统运行信息telnet Open a telnet connection 远程登录功能tracert Trace route to destination 跟踪到目的地经过了哪些路由器write Write running configuration to flash or nvram 将当前配置参数保存至FLASH或NVRAM中华为全局配置模式命令：(config)#?aaa-enable Enable AAA(Authentication, Authorization and 使能配置AAA(认证，授权和计费)Accounting)access-list Configure structure of access-list 配置标准访问表arp Set a static ARP entry 设置静态ARP入口chat-script Define a modem chat script 生成一个用在modem上的执行脚本crypto Config IPSec or crypto map 设置IPSec相关参数custom-list Build the custom queue list 创建定制队列列表dialer-list Create a dialer-list 创建dialer-listdlsw Configure dlsw 配置DLSwdram-wait Insert dram wait state 设置DRAM等待状态enable Modify enable password parameters 修改ENABLE口令exit Exit from configure mode 退出全局配置模式firewall Configure firewall status 配置防火墙状态flow-interval set time of flow control 设置流量控制时间间隔frame-relay global frame relay configuration commands 帧中继全局配置命令集ftp-server File transfer Protocol FTP 服务器help Description of the interactive help system 系统帮助命令简述host Add host's name and IP address 添加主机名称和其IP地址hostname Modify hostnamec 修改主机名ifquelen Change interface queue length 更改接口队列长度interface Select an interface to configure 选择配置接口ip Global ip configuration subcommands 全局IP配置命令子集ipx Novell IPX global configuration commands 全局IPX配置命令子集logging Logging configuration commands 全局Logging配置命令logic-channel Select a logic-channel to configure 配置逻辑通道login Enable EXEC Authenticaion 启动EXEC登录验证multilink Set multi-link parameters 配置multilink 参数multilink-user Set multi-link bind interface by username 配置multilink 用户使用的接口nat config net address translation 配置地址转换no Disable some parameter switchs 关闭某些参数开关priority-list Build the priority queue list 创建优先级队列列表route-map Configure route-map 配置路由映射router Enable a routing process 启动路由处理settr Set time ranges 设置时间范围snmp-server Modify SNMP parameters 修改SNMP参数tcp Global TCP parameters 配置全局TCP参数terminal Set terminal line parameters 设置终端参数timerange Enable or disable time range 启动或关闭时间区域tty-server Huawei tty server 华为终端服务器user Add a user into system for ppp authentication use. 为PPP验证向系统中加入用户version Confirm current VRP version 确认配置VRP版本号和将当前VRP的版本是否相同vpdn Configure VPDN 设置VPDNvpdn-group Configure VPDN Group 设置VPDN组x25 X25 level 3 X.25协议分组层华为接口模式配置命令：(1)(config-if-Ethernet0)#?backup Modify dial-backup parameters 修改拨号备份参数bridge-group Join into DLSw Bridge-group 将以太网端口加入DLSw桥组crypto Apply crypto map to interface 在接口上应用crypto mapcustom-group Assign a custom queue list to an interface 将CQL应用到接口上description Ethernet interface specific description 设置以太网端口描述字串duplex Configure duplex operation mode 设置双向操作模式exit Exit from config interface mode 退出端口配置模式help Description of the interactive help system 随机帮助系统简述ip Interface Internet Protocol configure command IP协议配置命令集ipx Novell IPX interface subcommands IPX协议命令子集llc2 Modify LLC2 parameters 设置以太网端口的LLC2参数loopback Configure internal loopback on an interface 配置端口自环方式mtu Set ethernet interface Maximum Transmission Unit(MTU) 设置以太网MTUnat Network Address Translator 网络地址转换no Negate a command or set its defaults 取消命令或设置缺省值priority-group Assign a priority queue list to an interface 将PQL应用到接口上send-frame-type Set the format of the sending frames 设置传送帧格式shutdown Shutdown the selected interface 关闭所选端口standby Hot standby router config HSRP 热备份路由配置(2)(config-if-Serial0)#?backup Modify dial-backup parameters 修改备份口参数baudrate Set transmite and receive baudrate 配置发送、接收波特率bridge-group Join into DLSw Bridge-group 将本串口加入DLSw桥组clock-select Select transmit and receive clock comes from 选择发送、接收时钟来自本地远程local or remotecrypto Apply crypto map to interface 在接口上应用crypto mapcustom-group Assign a custom queue list to an interface 将CQL应用到接口上description interface specific description 设置端口描述字串detect Detect DSR or DTR signal on serial interface 在串口上监测DSR DTR 信号dialer Dial-On-Demand routing (DDR) command 拨号配置命令dialer-group Assign the interface to dialer-list 配置接口的dialer-list encapsulation Set encapsulation type for an interface 设置端口协议封装类型exit Exit from config interface mode 退出端口配置模式flowcontrol Auto flowcontrol or normal flowcontrol 设置流控制方式help Description of the interactive help system 随机帮助系统简述idle-mark Idle in mark mode 空闲为mark状态invert Invert Transmit clock 反转接收时钟ip Interface Internet Protocol configure command IP协议配置命令集ipx Novell IPX interface subcommands IPX协议命令子集keepalive Enable keepalive 使keepalive有效loopback Configure internal loopback on an interface 设置接口内部自环方式mtu Maximum transmission unit 最大传送单位nat Network Address Translator 网络地址转换no Negate a Command or Set its default 取消某命令或配置路由器缺省值nrzi-encoding Set line code to nrzi encoding mode 设置编码方式为NRZI模式peer Peer parameters for point-to-point interface PPP接口的端参数physical-layer Configure sync or async physical layer on serial 设置串口传输方式为同步异步interfaceppp Point-to-Point Protocol PPP协议priority-group Assign a priority queue list to an interface 将PQL应用到接口上-sdlc This command can be used when encapsulate SDLC 只有在封装了SDLC协议才可以使用此命令shutdown Shutdown the selected interface 关闭所选端口terminal Terminal source ip address bind. 终端源地址绑定tty Configure terminal server parameter 配置终端服务器参数配置路由器：(以下命令可减写)路由器基本操作：重启路由器特权模式：reboot 在特权模式下擦除配置信息：#erase 写入配置信息：write 查看命令：#show 重起端口：在端口模式关闭#shut 打开#no+shut (有些命令须重启才可生效)关闭超时退出功能:#no exec 设定主机名:(config)#hostnameDCE方应配置速率：在s0端口配置(config-if-Serial0)#baud 2048000 (注意: 在使用V.24电缆时波特率必须设置成不高于64Kbps!)填加IP地址：在接口模式下#ip add+IP地址+掩码静态路由：在全局配置模式ip router+目的IP地址+掩码+网关(相邻机器IP地址)查看路由表：sh+ip+route封装协议：(电信DCE设备为发送方、本地DTE设备为接收方)在s0端口配置：(config-if-Serial0)#encap+ppp(任意协议)*ppp协议不适合恶劣介质*链路层PPP点到点协议有两种验证方式：PAP口令验证和 CHAP 挑战口令验证(1)PAP验证方式配置：在DCE验证方：(config-if-Serial0)#ppp+auth验证方式+pap验证方式建立用户：(config)#user+名字+pass+密码是否隐藏(7是/0否)+密码DTE被验证方：(config-if-Serial0)#ppp+pap+sent+名字+pass+密码是否隐藏(7是|0否)+密码*(用户名和密码DCE与DTE同相)*重起端口：在端口模式关闭#shut 再打开#no+shut (有些程序须重启才可生效)建立路由完成验证(2)先删除原来验证方式再配置CHAP验证方式：(可靠方式)在DCE验证方s0端口填加验证方式：(config-if-Serial0)#ppp+auth+chap在DCE验证方s0端口填加chap主机名：(config-if-Serial0)#ppp+chap+host+名字(任意)在DCE验证方填加验证方式:(config)#user+对方主机名字+pass+密码是否隐藏(7是/0否)+密码建立路由完成验证*(DCE与DTE相同)*重起端口：在端口模式关闭#shut 再打开#no+shutppp协议协商(自动协商)只有PPP协议可以自动生成路由项DTE：s0封装DCE：分配方 DTE被分配方配置方法：DCE:(config-if-Serial0)#ip add 50.50.50.1 255.0.0.0(config)#ip local pool 1 50.50.50.50(最低) 50.50.50.60(最高) 配置地址池(config-if-Serial0)#peer default ip add pool 1 分配对方IP地址DTE:(config-if-Serial0)#ip add nego自动获取地址特点：所获得地址没有子网路由x.25协议配置方法：DCE方：(config-if-Serial0)#encap x25 dce(config-if-Serial0)#x25 ltc 16 设置最小双向信道(config-if-Serial0)#x25 htc 16 设置最大双向信道(config-if-Serial0)#x25 nvc 4 设置链接信道条数(config-if-Serial0)#x25 mod 128设置窗口尺寸(config-if-Serial0)#x25 wout 8设置缺省发送窗口大小(config-if-Serial0)#x25 win 8 设置缺省接收窗口大小(config-if-Serial0)#x25 ips 1024 设置输入包长度(config-if-Serial0)#x25 ops 1024 设置输出包长度(config-if-Serial0)#x25 add (88888888) 任意x.25链路层地址(config-if-Serial0)#ip add (IP地址)给双方填加IP地址(config-if-Serial0)#x25 map ip (目标IP地址)(99999999 对端x.25链路层地址)+broadcast(支持广播)DTE方：同上 (DCE和DTE映射时必须指对方端地址)x.25具有寻址功能和纠错功能，它包括物理层、链路层、和网路层，它是一个协议集，支持流控帧中继协议(Frame-relay)配置方法：DCE方:先配置IP地址再打开帧中继交换(config)#frame switch(config-if-Serial0)#encap int dce 设置封装模式(config-if-Serial0)#frame local 18 定义虚电路号*DTE方：同上 (虚电路号发必须相同)当不允许逆向地址解析时，必须手动填加地址和虚电路对应*借用IP地址:DCE方：先设定e0IP地址(config-if-Serial0)#int s 0.1 point 设置子接口为点到点(config-if-Serial0)#frame inter 50 设置虚电路号(config-if-Serial0)#ip unnum eth0 指定IP借用(config)#ip route (下一跳网络号) (掩码)255.255.255.252 s 0.1DTE方：同上设e0 IP地址(config)#ip route (下一跳地址) (掩码)255.255.255.255 s 0.1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 (下一跳地址)rip协议配置方法：(DCE和DTE相同)(config)#router rip 设置rip协议启动(config)#network all 把本机所有网段都参于路由交换(广播)(config)#no network (IP网段)单独取消某网段(config)#no network all 所有网段都关闭(config)#sh ip rip 查看路由信息如果想要静态路由也通过rip广播出去须借用路由：(config-router-rip)#redis static(引用路由) metric(静态路由度量值) 1(config-router-rip)#neighbor 对端IP地址OSPF协议配置方法：OSPF不能在x.25和frame frelay协议上进行广播DCE和DTE都封装(任意协议,例：x.25)(config)#router ospf enable 设置OSPF协议启动再进入单独端口启动OSPF：(config-if-Serial0)#ip ospf enable area 1或0(为骨干)(config-if-Ethernet0)#ip ospf enable area 1(config-if-Serial0)#ip ospf neighbor 对端IP地址(config)#ip route 目标网络号掩码下一跳IP 间接路由(config-router-ospf)#redis ospfase static metric 1(度量值默认为1)网络安全：用路由器做firewall(防火墙)：(config)#firewall enable 打开防墙设置(config)#firewall default 设置默认规则(config)#access 101(任意号) sirt(指定自链顺序) auto(精度优先)地址过滤：(config)#access 101 deny ip 70.70.70.2(源地址IP) 0.0.0.0(掩码255.255.255.255反码) 70.70.70.1(目的IP) 0.0.0.0(掩码255.255.255.255反码)定义一条规责不让70.70.70.1访问70.70.70.2(config-if-Ethernet0)#ip access 101 in (把101规责定义在e0口的输入方)(config)#no access 101(规则号) 删除一条链101(config)#sh access 101(规则号) 查看一条链101(config)#access 101 deny ip 70.70.70.0(源地址IP) 0.0.0.127(掩码255.255.255.128反码) 50.50.50.2 (目的IP)0.0.0.0(掩码255.255.255.255反码) 拒绝70.70.70.1-127网段访问允许某个地址访问：(config)#access 101 deny ip any 70.70.70.2(源地址IP) 0.0.0.0(掩码255.255.255.128反码) (config)#aceess 101 permit ip 70.70.70.64(源地址IP) 0.0.0.3(掩码255.255.255.252反码) any只允许70.70.70.64 - 67访问(config-if-Serial0)#ip access 101 in 在s0口加入101链端口过滤：(config)#access 101 deny ip tcp any(任何目标地址) 70.70.70.1(源地址IP) 0.0.0.0(掩码255.255.255.255反码) eq (23端口)或telnet 类型过滤别人ping不通你，你可ping通别人(config)#access special 101 deny ip tcp any(源任何地址) 70.70.70.1(目标IP地址)0.0.0.0(掩码255.255.255.255反码) eq telnet 对本机特定时间段拒绝telnet(config)#rimerange eable 开启时间段(config)#settr(范围)18:23(开始) - 18:25(结束) 时间段内生效链路集合：DCE:(config-if-Serial0)#peer default ip add 50.50.50.2 不定义地址池只有一端与其相连DTE:(config)#sh ip route 查看路由(config)#ip add nego 自动获取地址VPN(虚拟专用网)：利用协议做一条专线让两个局域网通过互连网相连。