法律英语词汇：International law 国际法
法律英语词汇国际法
管辖： Jurisdiction级别管辖： jurisdiction by level地区管辖： territorial jurisdiction移送管辖： referral jurisdiction指定管辖： designation jurisdiction审讯组织 :trial organization回避 withdrawal诉讼参加人participants in court诉讼当事人parties in court诉讼代理人agents ad litem时期： time periods送到 service调停 conciliation财富保全property preservation先予履行preliminary execution阻碍民事诉讼的强迫举措：compulsory measures against impairment of civil actions 诉讼费： litigation costs第一审一般程序ordinary procedure of first instance第二审程序procedure of second instance起诉 bring a lawsuit受理 accept a case开庭审理trial in court诉讼中断 suspension of a lawsuit诉讼停止conclusion of a lawsuit判决 judgment裁定 order简略程序 summary procedure特别程序 special procedure选民资格案件cases concerning certificates of voters宣布失散proclamation of a person as missing宣布死亡proclamation of a person as dead无民事行为能力incompetent for civil conduct限制行为能力limited capacity for civil conduct无主财富property of ownerless履行申请 application for execution履行移转 referral of execution仲裁 arbitration司法辅助 judicial assistance案件case案件发回remand/remit a case（to a low court）案件名称title of a case模卷资料materials in the case案情陈说书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全举措申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case（to security authorities）被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈说final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次争辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim's agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请履行人party against whom execution is filed 被履行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必需共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩白defense辩白律师defense attorney/lawyer辩白人defender辩白凭证exculpatory evidence; defense evidence争辩阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回恳求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、保持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgment/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case增补争辩supplementary answer增补判决supplementary judgement增补侦察supplementary investigation不公然审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不同意拘捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财富保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定order;determination（指最后裁定）裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling判决书award采信的凭证admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤除立案revoke a case placed on file撤除原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的凭证exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement（for negotiable instruments）传唤summon; call听说凭证hearsay争辩answer; reply争辩陈说书statement of defence争辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理指控agency for accusation代理申述agency for appeal代理审讯员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈说statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人third party检查笔录record of investigation按期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪凭证incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze敦促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲减员sole arbitrator对阻碍民事诉讼的强迫举措compulsory measures against impairment of civil action 对席判决judgement interparties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定凭证statutory legal evidence法定凭证制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律救助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭争辩court debate法庭检查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院通告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉争辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯法嫌疑人criminal suspect附加民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附加民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action 复查reexamination;recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People's Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才办理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申述庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公本分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公然审理trial in public公然审讯制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法辅助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评论笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解composition;compromise查对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复履行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混淆式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People's Court羁押限时term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监督居住living at home under surveillance牢狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简略程序summary procedure判定结论expert conclusion经济审讯庭economic tribunal径行判决directad judication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘禁所detention house检举information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a courtsession开庭通知notice of courtsession勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可履行财富executable property指控式诉讼accusatory proceedings控告凭证incriminating evidence控告职能accusation function扣押distrain on;attachment扣押物 distress/distraint宽容期period of gracepetition for labor dispute arbitration劳动争议仲裁申请书劳改场 reform-through-labor farm劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的同意程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 积累凭证cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦察report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party暂时判决书interim award律师目睹书lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提早介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处罚exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审讯庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement;determination判决书judgement;determination; verdict（指陪审团作出的）佐证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror同意拘捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy;insolvency一般程序general/ordinary procedure一般管辖general jurisdiction公司法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate;prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment;information区县检察院grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审the bailpending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调停委员会People's Mediation Committee认定财富无主案件cases concerning determination of property as ownerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请履行人execution applicant申述人起誓书claimant's affidavit of authenticity申述书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示凭证制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审察案件case review审察并决定拘捕examine and decide arrest审察起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审讯长presiding judge审讯长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session 审讯管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审讯监察程序procedure for trial supervision审讯委员会judicial committee审讯员judge审讯式诉讼inquisitional proceedings奏效判决裁定legally effective judgement /order胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People's Procuratorate失散和死亡宣布declaration of disappearance and death 实（质）体凭证substantial evidence实物凭证tangible evidence实在凭证real evidence表示凭证demonstrative evidence视听凭证audio-visual evidence收留所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近家属victim's immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送到人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法辅助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve极刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence极刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送到service of process送到传票service of summons/subpoena送到诉状service of bill of complaint搜寻search诉 sue; suit; action;lawsuit诉前财富保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation;lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回增补侦察return of a case for supplementary investigation拜托辩白entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当原因拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决acquittal,finding of“ not guilty”人证material evidence先予履行申请书application for advanced execution先予履行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘禁criminal detention刑事强迫拘禁criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审讯庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审讯庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣布失散、宣布死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters咨询证人inquire/question a witness训斥reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation咨询犯法嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect言词凭证verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence ;finding of“ guilty”予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of（by lawyers）再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔悟order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors' meeting侦察阶段investigation stage侦察终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后建议consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 凭证evidence凭证保全preserve evidence凭证保全申请书application for evidence preservation证证人言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal履行程序procedure execution履行拘捕execution of arrest履行和解conciliation of execution履行展转recovery of execution履行庭executive tribunal履行异议objection to execution履行员executor履行中断discontinuanceof execution履行终结conclusion of execution指定辩白appointed defense指定仲减员申明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People's Court半途退庭retreat during court session without permission 仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent ;defendant仲裁判决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申述人claimant ;plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲减员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审讯员assistant judge特意法院special court特意管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追查刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩白self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence自侦案件 self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People's Procuratorate最后判决书final awardbilateral and multilateral economic cooperation双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade双边贸易dual nationality两重国籍trusteeship托管束度outer space外层空间sole legal government独一合法政府loans with no or low interest无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest缓期还本付息extradition引渡Zionism犹太复国主义friendly exchanges友善来往disputed areas有争议的地区fishery resources渔业资源political offender政治犯political fugitive政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast中东neutral state ,neutral country中立国neutralized state永远中立国apartheid, racial segregation种族隔绝genocide种族灭绝sovereign state主权国家exclusive economic zone专属经济区suzerain state ,metropolitan state宗主国suzerainty宗主权to maintain neutrality保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources捍卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps采纳协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone对无核区肩负义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, andprolonged stability发展和平友善、同等互利、长久稳固的关系to develop the national economy发展民族经济to peddle munitions贩卖军械All countries, big or small, should be equal.国家不分大小，应当一律同等to establish normal state relations成立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution求得公正合理的解决to make up for each other's deficiencies扬长避短to negotiate through diplomatic channels经过外交门路进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty保护国家独立和主权完好to safeguard world peace保护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means用和平局段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions照料现真相况the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence和平共处五项原则mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity相互尊敬主权和国土完好Mutual non-aggression各不相犯non-interference in each other's internal affairs互不干预内政equality and mutual benefit同等互利peaceful coexistence和平共处draft 法案 ,草案Government bill政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill经过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law公布法律ratification, confirmation同意law enforcement法律的实行to come into force奏效decree法律clause条款minutes备忘录report判例汇编codification法律汇编legislation立法legislator立法者jurist法学家jurisprudence法学legitimation合法化legality, lawfulness法制,合法legal, lawful合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law违纪outlaw, outside the law高出法律范围的offender犯人to abolish撤消,撤消rescission, annulment取销,撤消repeal, revocation, annulment取销(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation取销(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment撤消 (遗言 )repeal rescission撤消(判决)revocation撤消immunity宽免 ,宽免权disability, legal incapacity无资格nonretroactive character不溯既往性prescription剥夺公权attainder公民权益的剥夺和财富的充公constitutional law宪法canon law教会法例common law习惯法criminal law刑法administrative law行政法civil law民法commercial law, mercantile law商法law of nations万国公法,国际法international law国际法natural law自然法labour laws劳工法fiscal law财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law民事诉讼法Criminal Law刑事诉讼法Military Law军法Conscript Law兵役法Copyright Law著作权法penal code刑法典code of mercantile law商法典civil rights民事权益 ,公民权益right of asylum逃难权human rights, rights of man人权(customs) duties关税death duty, death tax遗产税royalties版税。
法律英语词汇(国际法)
管辖：Jurisdiction级别管辖：jurisdiction by level地域管辖：territorial jurisdiction移送管辖：referral jurisdiction指定管辖：designation jurisdiction审判组织:trial organization回避withdrawal诉讼参加人participants in court诉讼当事人parties in court诉讼代理人agents ad litem期间：time periods送达service调解conciliation财产保全property preservation先予执行preliminary execution妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施：compulsory measures against impairment of civil actions 诉讼费：litigation costs第一审普通程序ordinary procedure of first instance第二审程序procedure of second instance起诉bring a lawsuit受理accept a case开庭审理trial in court诉讼中止suspension of a lawsuit诉讼终止conclusion of a lawsuit判决judgment裁定order简易程序summary procedure特别程序special procedure选民资格案件cases concerning certificates of voters 宣告失踪proclamation of a person as missing宣告死亡proclamation of a person as dead无民事行为能力incompetent for civil conduct限制行为能力limited capacity for civil conduct无主财产property of ownerless执行申请application for execution执行移转referral of execution仲裁arbitration司法协助judicial assistance案件case案件发回remand/remit a case （to a low court）案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case （to security authorities）被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim's agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed 被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence 辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgment/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定order;determination （指最终裁定）裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement （for negotiable instruments）传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defence答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action 对席判决judgement interparties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action 复查reexamination;recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People's Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解composition;compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People's Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决directad judication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a courtsession开庭通知notice of courtsession勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on;attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement;determination判决书judgement;determination; verdict （指陪审团作出的）旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy;insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate;prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment;information区县检察院grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审the bailpending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People's Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as ownerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant's affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement /order胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People's Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death 实（质）体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim's immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action;lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation;lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation 委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决acquittal,finding of “ not guilty ”先予执行申请书application for advanced execution先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence ;finding of “guilty”予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of （by lawyers）再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors' meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuanceof execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People's Court中途退庭retreat during court session without permission 仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent ;defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant ;plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People's Procuratorate最后裁决书final awardbilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast中东neutral state ,neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state ,metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小，应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each other's deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项原则mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity互相尊重主权和领土完整Mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯non-interference in each other's internal affairs 互不干涉内政equality and mutual benefit 平等互利peaceful coexistence和平共处draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。
国际法专用英语词汇
国际法专用英语词汇国际法专用英语词汇国际法指适用主权国家之间以及其他具有国际人格的实体之间的法律规则的总体。
以下是yjbys网店铺为大家提供的关于国际法专用英语词汇，供大家参考。
protectorate (被)保护国asylum 庇护;避难forntier region, border region 边界地区boundary negotiation 边界谈判status quo of the boundary 边界现状never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件non-aligned countries 不结盟国家patrimonial sea 承袭海consultations 磋商the third world 第三世界imperialism 帝国主义200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权developing countries 发展中国家dependency 附庸国plebiscite 公民投票generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action 共同行动normalization of relations 关系正常化an established principle of international law 国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters 国际水域international situation 国际形势merger of states 国家合并national boundary 国界maritime resources 海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无détente, 缓和fundamental rights 基本权利reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担Near East 近东right of residence 居留权arms dealer, merchant of death 军写商territorial sea 领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度territorial air 领空territorial waters 领水inalienability of territory 领土的`不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial contiguity 领土毗连territorial integrity 领土完整refugee camp 难民营country of one's residence 侨居国complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯ecocide 生态灭绝practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use 实用,有效,廉价,方便bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast 中东neutral state, neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军械All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小，应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each other's deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项原则mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity互相尊重主权和领土完整mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯non-interference in each other's internal affairs 互不干涉内政equality and mutual benefit 平等互利peaceful coexistence 和平共处。
法律英语词汇(国际法)
管辖：Jurisdiction级别管辖：jurisdiction by level地域管辖：territorial jurisdiction移送管辖：referral jurisdiction指定管辖：designation jurisdiction审判组织:trial organization回避withdrawal诉讼参加人participants in court诉讼当事人parties in court诉讼代理人agents ad litem期间：time periods送达service调解conciliation财产保全property preservation先予执行preliminary execution妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施：compulsory measures against impairment of civil actions 诉讼费：litigation costs第一审普通程序ordinary procedure of first instance第二审程序procedure of second instance起诉bring a lawsuit受理accept a case开庭审理trial in court诉讼中止suspension of a lawsuit诉讼终止conclusion of a lawsuit判决judgment裁定order简易程序summary procedure特别程序special procedure选民资格案件cases concerning certificates of voters 宣告失踪proclamation of a person as missing宣告死亡proclamation of a person as dead无民事行为能力incompetent for civil conduct限制行为能力limited capacity for civil conduct无主财产property of ownerless执行申请application for execution执行移转referral of execution仲裁arbitration司法协助judicial assistance案件case案件发回remand/remit a case （to a low court）案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case （to security authorities）被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim's agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed 被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence 辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgment/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定order;determination （指最终裁定）裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement （for negotiable instruments）传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defence答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action 对席判决judgement interparties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action 复查reexamination;recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People's Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解composition;compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People's Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决directad judication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a courtsession开庭通知notice of courtsession勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on;attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement;determination判决书judgement;determination; verdict （指陪审团作出的）旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy;insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate;prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment;information区县检察院grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审the bailpending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People's Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as ownerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant's affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement /order胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People's Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death 实（质）体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim's immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action;lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation;lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation 委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决acquittal,finding of “ not guilty ”先予执行申请书application for advanced execution先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence ;finding of “guilty”予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review （by lawyers）再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors' meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuanceof execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People's Court中途退庭retreat during court session without permission 仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent ;defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant ;plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People's Procuratorate最后裁决书final awardbilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast中东neutral state ,neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state ,metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小，应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each other's deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项原则mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity互相尊重主权和领土完整Mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯non-interference in each other's internal affairs 互不干涉内政equality and mutual benefit 平等互利peaceful coexistence和平共处draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。
常用国际法词汇——法律英语
常用国际法词汇——法律英语sources of international law 国际法的渊源treaties条约custom习惯genaral priciples of law 一般法律原则priciple of good faith 善意原则pacta sunt servada 约定必守原则priciple of estopel 禁止反言原则judicial decisions 司法判决the teachings of publicista 公法学家的学说resolutions of international organitions 国际组织的决议jus congens 国际法基本原则the subjects of international law国际法主体a permanent population有定居的居民a defined territory有固定的领土government 政府independence or sovereignty 独立的主权state succesion国家继承succesion of government 政府继承protectorates and protected states 保护领地与被保护国mandated and trust territories委任统治地和托管地recognation承认recognation of states国家的承认the constitutive theory构成说the declaratory theory 宣告说recognation of government 政府的承认the doctrine of effective control 有效控制原则de facto and de jure recognation 事实承认与法律承认conditional recognation 有条件承认withdrawal of recognation承认的撤销non-recognationtterritory 领土territory disputes 领土争端the principle of respect for territorial integrity states 互相尊重领土完整territory sovereignty 领土主权terra nullius 无主地derivative roots of title 派生权利original title 固有权利res communis 公共地intertemporal law 情势变更原则the scrutiny of demostic jurisdition 国内管辖权的审查the acquisition of territory 领土的取得occupation of terra nullius 先占prescription 时效cession 割让accreetion 添附subjugation or conquest 征服effective occupation 有效占领assert the sovereign right to the territory 主张领土主权the principle of contiguity 临近原则the principle of continuity 连续性原则null and viod 无效self-defense 自卫the transformation of the course of a river 河流改道the median line between the two banks 河流中心线the middle line of the navigable channel 航道中心线adjudication司法裁定the doctrine of uti possidetis 先占原则lease 租借servitude 国际地役jurisdiction 管辖权legislative juridiction 立法管辖权executive juridiction 行政管辖权judicial juridiction 司法管辖权apprehension 逮捕the host state 东道国civil juridiction 民事管辖权criminal juridiction 行使管辖权the common law countries 普通法系国家the continental law countries 大陆法系国家the defendant 被告the territoral principle 领土原则the protective principle 保护原则the nationality principle 国际原则the passive personality principle 被动人格原则the universality principle 普遍性原则flag state 船旗国manslaughter 过失杀人jus sanguinis 血统原则jus soli 出生地原则naturalization 归化piracy 海盗行为slave trading 奴隶贸易international terrorist activities 国际恐怖主义活动organized crimes 有组织犯罪war crimes 战争罪concentration camps 集中营abduct 绑架international criminal juridiction mechanism国际刑事司法体制extradition 引渡take refuge 避难asylum 庇护extraterritorial asylum 域外庇护diplomatis asylum 外交庇护immunities from jurisdiction 管辖豁免state immunity 国家的豁免absolute immunity 绝对豁免restrictive immunity 有限豁免requisitioned ship 被征用的船舶writ 令状governmental acts(acts jure imperili) 公务行为private or trade activity(acts jure gestionis) 私人行为immunity of foreign military personnel 外国军事人员的豁免the indigenous people 当地居民diplomatic privileges and immunities 外交特权与豁免diplomatic staffs 外交人员personal reprisenation 个人代表说extraterritoriality 治外法权说functional necessity 职务需要说persona non grata 不受欢迎的人the diplomatic mission 外交使团the premises of the diplomatic mission使馆馆舍consular immunity 领事豁免state responsibility 国家责任international obligation 国际义务internationally wrongful act 国际不法行为fault 过错objective responsibility 客观责任原则subjective responsibility 主观责任原则intentional and negligent 故意和过失ultra vires acts 越权行为due dilgence 适当注意satisfaction 赔礼道歉the treatment of aliens 外国人待遇international mminimum standard国际标准原则national treatment standard 国民待遇dual nationality 双重国籍exhaustion of local remidies 用尽当地救济expel aliens 驱逐外国人on the international plane 在国际上the law of treaties 条约法termination of wars 结束战争an expression of concurring wills 同意的意思表示concurring wills attributable to two or more parties 两方或多方的一致意愿concluded between subjects of international law 在国际法主体之间缔结an intention to produce lagal effects 产生法律效果的意愿lagal effects under public international law受国际法调整的法律效果unilateral statement 单方面声明a concessionary contract 特许契约negotiation 谈判signature 签署ratification 批准accession 加入entry into force 生效reservations to treaties 条约的保留the bilateral treat 双边条约the mullateral treaty 多边条约explicity forbid 明令禁止pacta sunt sevenda 条约必须信守原则non-retroactivity 不溯及既往原则territorial application 领土全境适用原则the amendment and mosification of treaties 条约的修正与修改treaty interpretation 条约的解释preamble and annexes 序言和附件invalidity of treaties 条约的无效fraud and corruption 欺诈和贿赂coercion 胁迫termination of treaties 条约的中止material breach 实质性违反peaceful settlement of disputes 和平解决争端air law and space law 航空法与空间法territorial airspace 领空the privilege to fly across the territory of another contracting state without landing 不降停飞跃另一缔约国领土的权利the privilege to land for non-traffic purposes 在另一缔约国做非商业性降停的权利upper limits for liability 最高责任上限aviation security 航空安全unauthorized aerial intrusion 未经授权进入他国领空的行为the law of outer space 外层空间法the law of the sea 海洋法the doctrine of freedom of the seas 公海自由理论baselines 基线internal waters 内水bays 海湾archipelago 群岛archipelagic waters 群岛水域rights of innocent passage 无害通过权international straits 国际海峡the contiguous zone 毗连区the exclusive economic zone(EEZ)专属经济区the continental shelf 大陆架the high seas 公海flag of convenience 方便旗hot pursit 紧追权seaworthiness 适航性environmental protection 环境法the balance of nature 自然平衡ozene depletion 臭氧层破坏acid rain 酸雨global warming 全球变暖human rights 人权法specialized international agreement 专门领域的国际公约the right to life生存权freedom from torture,inhuman or degradingtreatment and punishment不受酷刑、非人道或有辱人格的待遇和惩罚freedom from slavery and forced labor 免受奴隶贸易和被迫劳动the right of justice 接受公正审判的权利respect for privacy and family life 对隐私和家庭生活的尊重ill-treatment虐待peaceful settlement of disputes 争端和平解决negotiation谈判good offices斡旋mediation调停inquiry调查conciliation 调解arbitration 仲裁judicial settlement 司法解决ad hoc judge 专案法官non-appesrance 缺席advisory opinions 咨询意见the use of force 使用武力retorsion反报retaliation报复reprisals 报复self-defense自卫self-determination 自决humanitarian intervention 非人道干预civil conflicts国内冲突international organizations国际组织the league of nations 国联the United Nations 联合国GA TT and WTO关贸总协定和世贸组织EU欧盟OAS美洲国家组织ASEAN 东盟the Arab League阿拉伯国家联盟。
法律英语词汇大全
法律英语词汇大全在法律领域，理解和掌握法律英语词汇是非常重要的。
本文将为您提供一个全面的法律英语词汇大全，以帮助您更好地理解和应用法律英语。
一、法律系统与机构1. Legal system - 法律体系2. Judiciary - 司法机关3. Court - 法院4. Judge - 法官5. Lawyer/attorney - 律师/律师6. Prosecutor - 检察官7. Plaintiff - 原告8. Defendant - 被告9. Jury - 陪审团10. Witness - 证人二、合同法1. Contract - 合同2. Offer - 供应3. Acceptance - 接受4. Consideration - 对价5. Mutual assent - 相互同意6. Breach of contract - 违约7. Performance - 履行8. Termination - 终止9. Damages - 损害赔偿三、刑法1. Crime - 犯罪2. Offense - 违反3. Felony - 重罪4. Misdemeanor - 轻罪5. Homicide - 杀人罪6. Robbery - 抢劫罪7. Theft - 盗窃罪8. Assault - 袭击罪9. Burglary - 入室盗窃罪10. Arson - 纵火罪四、知识产权1. Intellectual property - 知识产权2. Patent - 专利3. Trademark - 商标4. Copyright - 版权5. Infringement - 侵权6. Royalties - 版权使用费五、公司法1. Corporation - 公司2. Shareholder - 股东3. Board of directors - 董事会4. Corporate governance - 公司治理5. Merger - 合并6. Acquisition - 收购7. IPO (Initial Public Offering) - 首次公开发行六、国际法1. International law - 国际法2. Treaty - 条约3. Diplomacy - 外交4. Sovereignty - 主权5. Human rights - 人权6. United Nations - 联合国7. World Trade Organization - 世界贸易组织七、家庭法1. Family law - 家庭法2. Divorce - 离婚3. Child custody - 子女抚养权4. Alimony - 赡养费5. Prenuptial agreement - 婚前协议6. Domestic violence - 家庭暴力八、地产法1. Property law - 房地产法2. Real estate - 房地产3. Landlord - 房东4. Tenant - 租户5. Lease agreement - 租赁协议6. Eviction - 驱逐九、金融法1. Financial law - 金融法2. Banking - 银行业3. Insurance - 保险4. Securities - 证券5. Insider trading - 内幕交易6. Money laundering - 洗钱十、法律程序1. Legal procedure - 法律程序2. Jurisdiction - 司法管辖权3. Due process - 正当程序4. Statute of limitations - 诉讼时效5. Appeal - 上诉6. Habeas corpus - 人身保护令总结：本文提供了一个全面的法律英语词汇大全，包含了法律体系与机构、合同法、刑法、知识产权、公司法、国际法、家庭法、地产法、金融法以及法律程序等方面的常用词汇。
国际法有关的法律英语作文
国际法有关的法律英语作文International law refers to the set of rules and principles that govern the relationships between nations.It plays a crucial role in maintaining peace, promoting cooperation, and resolving disputes among countries. Let's explore some aspects of international law in a conversational style.1. Sovereignty: Sovereignty is the fundamentalprinciple of international law that recognizes the independence and autonomy of each nation. It means that every state has the right to govern its territory and make decisions without interference from other countries. This principle ensures that nations are equal and have the freedom to pursue their own interests.2. Treaties: Treaties are binding agreements between two or more nations. They are a vital tool in international law for establishing rules and regulations on various issues, such as trade, human rights, and the environment.Treaties help countries cooperate and address global challenges collectively. For example, the Paris Agreement aims to combat climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.3. Diplomacy: Diplomacy is the art of conducting negotiations and maintaining relations between nations. It involves dialogue, negotiation, and compromise to resolve conflicts peacefully. Diplomatic efforts can range from bilateral talks between two countries to multilateral conferences involving multiple nations. Diplomacy is a key aspect of international law as it promotes understanding, cooperation, and the peaceful settlement of disputes.4. International Court of Justice: The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It settles legal disputes between states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by UN organs and specialized agencies. The ICJ plays a crucial role in upholding international law and ensuring compliance with its principles. Its decisions are binding and contribute to the development andinterpretation of international law.5. Human Rights: Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms to which all individuals are entitled, regardless of their nationality, race, or religion. International human rights law aims to protect and promote these rights globally. It includes treaties, conventions, and declarations that establish standards for governments to respect, protect, and fulfill human rights. Human rights violations are subject to international scrutiny and can result in diplomatic, economic, or legal consequences for the responsible state.6. State Responsibility: State responsibility refers to the legal obligations of states under international law. States are responsible for their actions or omissions that violate international law, and they can be held accountable for their wrongful conduct. State responsibility includes obligations to prevent harm, provide reparations for damages, and cooperate with other states in resolving disputes. This principle helps maintain order and accountability in international relations.In conclusion, international law encompasses various aspects that govern the relationships between nations. From the principle of sovereignty to the role of treaties, diplomacy, and international courts, it provides a framework for cooperation, conflict resolution, and the protection of human rights. Understanding and adhering to international law is essential for maintaining peace, stability, and justice in the global community.。
法律英语国际法常用英语词汇大全
法律英语国际法常用英语词汇大全protectorate （被）保护国asylum 庇护；避难forntier region， border region 边界地区boundary negotiation 边界谈判status quo of the boundary 边界现状never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件non-aligned countries 不结盟国家patrimonial sea 承袭海consultations 磋商the third world 第三世界imperialism 帝国主义200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权developing countries 发展中国家dependency 附庸国plebiscite 公民投票generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action 共同行动normalization of relations 关系正常化an established principle of international law 国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters 国际水域international situation 国际形势merger of states 国家合并national boundary 国界maritime resources 海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无détente，缓和fundamental rights 基本权利reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担Near East 近东right of residence 居留权arms dealer， merchant of death 军火商territorial sea 领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度territorial air 领空territorial waters 领水inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial contiguity 领土毗连territorial integrity 领土完整refugee camp 难民营country of one’s residence 侨居国complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯ecocide 生态灭绝practical， efficient， economical and convenient for use 实用，有效，廉价，方便bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East， Mideast 中东neutral state， neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid， racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state， metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship， equality and mutual benefit， and prolonged stability发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries， big or small， should be equal. 国家不分大小，应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each other’s deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity ofsovereignty维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项原则mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity 互相尊重主权和领土完整mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯non-inte rference in each other’s internal affairs 互不干涉内政equality and mutual benefit 平等互利peaceful coexistence 和平共处。
汉英法律专业词汇
汉英法律专业词汇1. 引言本文档旨在整理汉英法律专业常用的词汇，以供学习和参考之用。
法律领域的专业术语对于翻译、理解和分析法律文件至关重要。
通过掌握这些词汇，读者将能更好地理解法律文件，并在跨文化交流中进行有效的沟通。
2. 法律制度和组织•法律制度：Legal system•宪法：Constitution•刑法：Criminal law•民法：Civil law•行政法：Administrative law •国际法：International law •司法体系：Judicial system •最高法院：Supreme Court •刑事诉讼：Criminal procedure •民事诉讼：Civil procedure •诉讼程序：Legal proceedings•律师: Lawyer•法官: Judge•检察官: Prosecutor3. 合同法•合同：Contract•合同主体：Parties to a contract •订立合同：Enter into a contract •合同条款：Contract clause•无效合同：Void contract•有效合同：Valid contract•违约：Breach of contract•合同解除：Termination of contract•争议解决：Dispute resolution•法律适用：Governing law•合同违约赔偿：Contractual damages 4. 知识产权•专利：Patent•商标：Trademark•著作权：Copyright•商业秘密：Trade secret•侵权：Infringement•专利申请：Patent application•商标注册：Trademark registration•著作权登记：Copyright registration•知识产权保护：Intellectual property protection•颁发专利证书：Grant a patent certificate •撤销专利：Invalidation of a patent5. 公司法•公司：Company•股份有限公司：Limited liability company •董事会：Board of Directors•董事：Director•股东：Shareholder•公司章程：Articles of Association•注册资本：Registered capital•股权转让：Transfer of shares•股东会议：Shareholders’ meeting•公司清盘：Liquidation of a company6. 人权法•人权：Human rights•平等：Equality•自由：Freedom•法律权利：Legal rights•政治权利：Political rights•经济权利：Economic rights•社会权利：Social rights•歧视：Discrimination•言论自由：Freedom of speech•宗教自由：Freedom of religion•雇佣歧视：Employment discrimination 7. 犯罪和刑事司法•犯罪：Crime•刑事责任：Criminal liability•盗窃：Theft•谋杀：Murder•袭击：Assault•妨碍司法公正：Obstruction of justice•罚款：Fine•判刑：Sentencing•缓刑：Probation•无罪释放：Acquittal8. 婚姻和家庭法•婚姻：Marriage•离婚：Divorce•配偶：Spouse•夫妻共同财产：Marital property •孩子抚养权：Child custody•探视权：Visitation rights•婚前协议：Prenuptial agreement•家暴：Domestic violence•遗嘱：Will•遗产分配：Inheritance distribution 9. 国际法•合同国家：Contracting state•条约：Treaty•国际公约：International convention •外交豁免权：Diplomatic immunity •战争犯罪：War crimes•领土争端：Territorial dispute•领事：Consul•外交关系：Diplomatic relations•人道主义法：Humanitarian law•国际仲裁：International arbitration以上是汉英法律专业常用词汇的简要介绍，希望能为读者提供参考和学习的资料。
国际法中英文对照单词 新
Non-intervention in domestic affairs 不干涉内政International Cooperation 国际合作The Sources of International Law 国际法的渊源Codification of International Law 国际法的编纂国际强行法(jus cogens)International treaty 国际条约Law-making treaty 造法性条约Contractual treaty 契约性条约Bilateral treaties 双边条约Multilateral treaties 多边条约International Customary 国际习惯Fundamental principle of law 一般法律原则International judicial precedent 国际司法判例Codification of international law 国际法的编纂Subject of International Law 国际法的主体Territorial 领土Unitary State 单一国Composite State 复合国Federal State 联邦Confederated State 邦联Permanent neutralized state 永久中立国State Sovereignty 国家主权Right of jurisdiction 管辖权Right of universal jurisdiction 普遍性管辖权The state sovereignty immunity 国家主权豁免Internationally wrongful acts 国际不法行为International obligations 国际义务succession to asset 财产的继承archive档案Recognition 承认Nationality 国籍naturalization 归化National 国民National Treatment 国民待遇Most-favoured-nation Treatment 最惠国待遇differential treatment(差别待遇)reciprocal treatment(互惠待遇)边境(frontierpassport 护照Consular Jurisdiction 领事裁判权Diplomatic Protection 外交保护Exhaustion of Local Remendies Rule 用尽当地救济原则Referendum全民投票Extradition 引渡Double Criminality Principle 双重犯罪原则Asylum 庇护Territorial Asylum 域内庇护Extra-territorial Asylum 域外庇护Refugee 难民Territory 领土Territorial Sovereignty 领土主权Territorial Waters 领水Aerial Comain 领空prescription 时效cession 割让accretion添附occupation先占Conquest 征服Self-determination of peoples 民族自决Condominium 共管International Servitude 国际地役Sphere Influence 势力范围Lease租借Boundaries 国家边界Territorial Sea 领海Right of Innocent Passage 无害通过权Contiguous Zone 毗连区Exclusive Economic Zone 专属经济区Continental Shelf 大陆架Archipelagic Waters 群岛水域Flag of Convenience 方便旗Right of Visit 登临权Right of Pursuit 紧追权Transit Right 过境权Diplomatic relations 外交关系Consular relations 领事关系Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities 外交特权与豁免International Organization 国际组织The Charter of the United Nations 联合国宪章Security Council 安理会International Court of Justice 国际法院Negotioation 谈判Adoption 议定Ratification 批准Accession 加入Reservation 保留International Dispute 国际争端谈判(negotiation)Conciliation 协商Good Offices 斡旋Mediation 调停International Arbitration 国际仲裁judicial settlement 司法解决和解(conciliation)。
常用国际法词汇——法律英语讲课讲稿
常用国际法词汇——法律英语sources of international law 国际法的渊源treaties条约custom习惯genaral priciples of law 一般法律原则priciple of good faith 善意原则pacta sunt servada 约定必守原则priciple of estopel 禁止反言原则judicial decisions 司法判决the teachings of publicista 公法学家的学说resolutions of international organitions 国际组织的决议jus congens 国际法基本原则the subjects of international law国际法主体a permanent population有定居的居民a defined territory有固定的领土government 政府independence or sovereignty 独立的主权state succesion国家继承succesion of government 政府继承protectorates and protected states 保护领地与被保护国mandated and trust territories委任统治地和托管地recognation承认recognation of states国家的承认the constitutive theory构成说the declaratory theory 宣告说recognation of government 政府的承认the doctrine of effective control 有效控制原则de facto and de jure recognation 事实承认与法律承认conditional recognation 有条件承认withdrawal of recognation承认的撤销non-recognationtterritory 领土territory disputes 领土争端the principle of respect for territorial integritystates 互相尊重领土完整territory sovereignty 领土主权terra nullius 无主地derivative roots of title 派生权利original title 固有权利res communis 公共地intertemporal law 情势变更原则the scrutiny of demostic jurisdition 国内管辖权的审查the acquisition of territory 领土的取得occupation of terra nullius 先占prescription 时效cession 割让accreetion 添附subjugation or conquest 征服effective occupation 有效占领assert the sovereign right to the territory 主张领土主权the principle of contiguity 临近原则the principle of continuity 连续性原则null and viod 无效self-defense 自卫the transformation of the course of a river 河流改道the median line between the two banks 河流中心线the middle line of the navigable channel 航道中心线adjudication司法裁定the doctrine of uti possidetis 先占原则lease 租借servitude 国际地役jurisdiction 管辖权legislative juridiction 立法管辖权executive juridiction 行政管辖权judicial juridiction 司法管辖权apprehension 逮捕the host state 东道国civil juridiction 民事管辖权criminal juridiction 行使管辖权the common law countries 普通法系国家the continental law countries 大陆法系国家the defendant 被告the territoral principle 领土原则the protective principle 保护原则the nationality principle 国际原则the passive personality principle 被动人格原则the universality principle 普遍性原则flag state 船旗国manslaughter 过失杀人jus sanguinis 血统原则jus soli 出生地原则naturalization 归化piracy 海盗行为slave trading 奴隶贸易international terrorist activities 国际恐怖主义活动organized crimes 有组织犯罪war crimes 战争罪concentration camps 集中营abduct 绑架international criminal juridiction mechanism国际刑事司法体制extradition 引渡take refuge 避难asylum 庇护extraterritorial asylum 域外庇护diplomatis asylum 外交庇护immunities from jurisdiction 管辖豁免state immunity 国家的豁免absolute immunity 绝对豁免restrictive immunity 有限豁免requisitioned ship 被征用的船舶writ 令状governmental acts(acts jure imperili) 公务行为private or trade activity(acts jure gestionis) 私人行为immunity of foreign military personnel 外国军事人员的豁免the indigenous people 当地居民diplomatic privileges and immunities 外交特权与豁免diplomatic staffs 外交人员personal reprisenation 个人代表说extraterritoriality 治外法权说functional necessity 职务需要说persona non grata 不受欢迎的人the diplomatic mission 外交使团the premises of the diplomatic mission使馆馆舍consular immunity 领事豁免state responsibility 国家责任international obligation 国际义务internationally wrongful act 国际不法行为fault 过错objective responsibility 客观责任原则subjective responsibility 主观责任原则intentional and negligent 故意和过失ultra vires acts 越权行为due dilgence 适当注意satisfaction 赔礼道歉the treatment of aliens 外国人待遇international mminimum standard国际标准原则national treatment standard 国民待遇dual nationality 双重国籍exhaustion of local remidies 用尽当地救济expel aliens 驱逐外国人on the international plane 在国际上the law of treaties 条约法termination of wars 结束战争an expression of concurring wills 同意的意思表示concurring wills attributable to two or more parties 两方或多方的一致意愿concluded between subjects of international law 在国际法主体之间缔结an intention to produce lagal effects 产生法律效果的意愿lagal effects under public international law受国际法调整的法律效果unilateral statement 单方面声明a concessionary contract 特许契约negotiation 谈判signature 签署ratification 批准accession 加入entry into force 生效reservations to treaties 条约的保留the bilateral treat 双边条约the mullateral treaty 多边条约explicity forbid 明令禁止pacta sunt sevenda 条约必须信守原则non-retroactivity 不溯及既往原则territorial application 领土全境适用原则the amendment and mosification of treaties 条约的修正与修改treaty interpretation 条约的解释preamble and annexes 序言和附件invalidity of treaties 条约的无效fraud and corruption 欺诈和贿赂coercion 胁迫termination of treaties 条约的中止material breach 实质性违反peaceful settlement of disputes 和平解决争端air law and space law 航空法与空间法territorial airspace 领空the privilege to fly across the territory of anothercontracting state without landing 不降停飞跃另一缔约国领土的权利the privilege to land for non-traffic purposes 在另一缔约国做非商业性降停的权利upper limits for liability 最高责任上限aviation security 航空安全unauthorized aerial intrusion 未经授权进入他国领空的行为the law of outer space 外层空间法the law of the sea 海洋法the doctrine of freedom of the seas 公海自由理论baselines 基线internal waters 内水bays 海湾archipelago 群岛archipelagic waters 群岛水域rights of innocent passage 无害通过权international straits 国际海峡the contiguous zone 毗连区the exclusive economic zone(EEZ)专属经济区the continental shelf 大陆架the high seas 公海flag of convenience 方便旗hot pursit 紧追权seaworthiness 适航性environmental protection 环境法the balance of nature 自然平衡ozene depletion 臭氧层破坏acid rain 酸雨global warming 全球变暖human rights 人权法specialized international agreement 专门领域的国际公约the right to life生存权freedom from torture,inhuman or degradingtreatment and punishment不受酷刑、非人道或有辱人格的待遇和惩罚freedom from slavery and forced labor 免受奴隶贸易和被迫劳动the right of justice 接受公正审判的权利respect for privacy and family life 对隐私和家庭生活的尊重ill-treatment虐待peaceful settlement of disputes 争端和平解决negotiation谈判good offices斡旋mediation调停inquiry调查conciliation 调解arbitration 仲裁judicial settlement 司法解决ad hoc judge 专案法官non-appesrance 缺席advisory opinions 咨询意见the use of force 使用武力retorsion反报retaliation报复reprisals 报复self-defense自卫self-determination 自决humanitarian intervention 非人道干预civil conflicts国内冲突international organizations国际组织the league of nations 国联the United Nations 联合国GATT and WTO关贸总协定和世贸组织EU欧盟OAS美洲国家组织ASEAN 东盟the Arab League阿拉伯国家联盟。
国际法专业中英文
国际法专业：民法专题研究Studies on Civil Law国际公法International Law国际私法International Private Law国际经济法导论Introduction to International Economic Law国际贸易法专题研究Studies on Internation trade law国际金融法专题研究Studies on International Financial Law国际投资法专题研究Studies on International Investment Law国际商事仲裁专题Research on International Commercial arbitration 海商法专题研究Studies on Maritime Law商法学专题研究Studies on Business Law涉外经济法专题Research on Foreign Economic Law欧盟法专题Research on EU LawWTO法专题Research on WTO Law法律英语Legal writing & Legal research民商法专业：民法总论Civil Law in General商法专题研究Studies on Business Law知识产权法专题研究Studies on Intellectual Property Law债法研究Research on Obligation Law物权法研究Research on Real Right Law国际商法研究Research on International Commercial Law诉讼法专题Research on Procedure Law海商法专题研究Studies on Maritime Law票据法专题研究Studies on Law of Negotiable Instruments信托法专题研究Studies on trust law金融法专题研究Studies on financial law比较民法研究Comparative research on Civil Law法律英语Legal writing & Legal research。
International Law(国际法2)
5
Chapter 5 International law of Treaties
• Its authoritative character as law, even for states not parties to it, derives from the fact that it is now generally accepted that most of its provisions are declaratory of the customary international law of treaties.
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Chapter 5 International law of Treaties
• Furthermore, both of these conventions apply only to written agreements.
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Chapter 5 International law of Treaties
10
Chapter 5 International law of Treaties
• The VCLT adopts a more restrictive definition because it was expressly made applicable only to agreement between states. International agreements involving international organizations are governed by a more recent treaty, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations, Mar.21,1986
法律英语法理学常用词汇(二)
法律英语法理学常用词汇（二）规范性法律文件的规范化 normalization of normative legal document国际法international law国际法学 international jurisprudence过错方 tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原则 doctrine of presumption过错责任 liability for wrongs; tort liability海事法院 court of admiralty《汉穆拉比法典》 Code of Hammurabi合并条款 consolidation of provisions合法的个人财产 legal personal property合法地位 legal status合法权益 the lawful rights and interests合法行为 lawful acts; legality of purpose合宪性 constitutionality衡平法 equity衡平法规则 rule of equity衡平法学 equity jurisprudence衡平法院 Court of Chancery (美)；Court of Equity （英）后法取代前法 A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one.后法优于前法 lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地：the place where his residence is registered互为因果 reciprocal causation基本法 fundamental law基本法律规范 basic norm of law基本方针 basic policies基本权利和义务 basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设 basic legal conception and assumption技术性法规 technical legal rule家庭法 family law建立法律关系create legal relations教会法 canon law《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici教会法学家 decretalists解释法律的技术规则 technical rule of interpretation解释权 power of interpretation近因 immediate cause禁治产人 imbecile; interdicted person经常居住地：habitual residence经法律确认的 ascertained by law经法律许可 authorized by law经验法学 scholastic theories of law纠问式审判 trial by inspection or examination具有法律约束力的文件 legally binding instrument 具有同等效力的 with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例 binding precedent绝对衡平法 absolute equity君主立宪制度 constitutional monarchy开罗会议 Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义 Keynesianism可撤销的法律行为 revocable juristic act可让与性 alienability可用法律强制执行的 enforceable at law可预见的 foreseeable可直接适用的法律 directly applicable law可追溯的 retrospective客观条件 objective condition客观因素 objective factor客体 object扩充解释 amplified interpretation理论法理学派 theoretical jurisprudence school 理性决定说 theory of rational decision理性认识 conceptual knowledge历史法学 historical jurisprudence历史法学派 historical school of law历史解释 historical interpretation立法机构legislative body立法权 law-making power; legislative power立法委任权 legislation mandate立足翻译 立法效力 legislative effect立法议案 bills立法者 law-maker; legislator立宪 constitutionalism利益冲突 conflict of interests利害关系人interested person连带法律关系 joint legal relations连带责任 joint and several obligation论理解释 logical interpretation罗马法Roman Law; Jus Romanum罗马法系 Roman-Law System罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世 Justinian I罗马法理学 jurisprudential《罗马法律汇编》Roman Digest罗马法学派 school of Romanists罗马－日耳曼法系 Roman-Germanic family罗马私法 Jus Privatum逻辑解释 logical interpretation马伯里诉麦迪逊案 Marbury vs. Madison马克思主义法律理论 Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学 Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家 Marxist jurist没有事实根据的 unsubstantial美国国际法协会 American Institute of International Law美国海事法庭 Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美国联邦地区法院 United States district courts美国联邦法官 federal judge没有法律依据的 lawless没有判决先例的案件 case of first impression《民法大全》Corpus Juris Civilis民法典 civil code民法法系Civil-Law System民法通则： General Principles of the Civil Law民法学 science of civil law民事案件中"占有优势证据"的原则 "by a preponderance of evidence" in civil cases民事权利能力：the capacity for civil rights民事权益：civil rights and interests民事诉讼法学 Civil Procedure Law民事制裁 civil punishment; civil sanction民政部门：the civil affairs department明代法规 laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的 express or implied默示表达 communication by implication拿破仑法典 The Code Napolean内部规章 internal regulations纳妾制 concubinage南京条约 (1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843拟制理论 fiction theory拟制买卖 mancipatio欧洲大陆法 continental law偶然权利 contingent right偶然因果关系 fortuitous causal relationship 偶然因素 accidentalia偶因 accidental cause排他的权利 right to exclude all others派生的权利 derived right派生取得 derivative acquisition判例法系 Case Law System普通法法系 Common-Law System判例法系 Case Law System判例汇编 reports; reports of judgments普通法 common law普通法法系 Common-Law System普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy普通法上的过失 common-law negligence普通法上的留置权 common-law lien普通法学 general jurisprudence强制办法 coercive method强制规定 mandatory provisions强制性法规 mandatory rule of law强制性条款 mandatory term侵犯财产权 property torts侵权行为法 tort law侵权责任 tortious liability清理法规 check up laws and regulations区域性法律体系 regional system of laws取证 obtain evidence确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释 authentic interpretation人法 human law, statute personalia人格减等 capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations 人身关系 personal relation任意解释 arbitrary interpretation《日耳曼法》Germanic law柔性宪法 flexible constitution三权分立 separation of powers善意推定 presumption of good faith商法 commercial law商法典 code of commerce社会法学 sociological jurisprudence社会关系 social relations社会规范 social regulation社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence 社会契约论 theory of social contract社会团体：social organization社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law神法 divine law神权说 theory of divine right审查制度 censorship; inspection system审计监督 supervise through auditing审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing生效条款 operative clause失效法律 expired laws失效日 expiry date施行细则 implementary provisions实证主义法学派 the positivist school《十二表法》 Twelve Tables实体法 material law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense实体权利 substantive right实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism实在法 positive law实在法学 positive jurisprudence实在法学派 positivist实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence实证法学 positive jurisprudence实质条款 material stipulation实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance实质性解释 material interpretation事实的推定 presumption of fact事业单位：institution适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law适用范围 area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律：be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to)溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿 damages梭伦 Solon弹性宪法 elastic constitution特别程序 special procedure特别但书 special proviso特别法 special law特殊主体 special subject提案motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead条约法 law of treaties同态复仇 retaliation推定合法presumption of legality停止生效cease to have effect外国法 foreign law外国法制史 foreign legal history外国人待遇 foreigner treatment完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct 完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction完全无行为能力 absolute disability万民法 jus gentium违法构成要件 essential condition of delict。
International Law(国际法1)
2
Statute of the International Court of Justice
Article 38
• 1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply:
International Law (I)
Gao Lin
1
Brief Introduction to the International Court of Justice
• The International Court of Justice (ICJ) sits at The Hague, the Netherlands, and is comprised of fifteen judges drawn from all of the world’s major legal systems. It is one of the principal organs of the United Nations and is the statutory, successor court to the former Permanent Court of International Justice of the League of Nations.
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Chapter 1 An overview of international law
• Treaties are express agreements between states which are governed by international law. They are known by a variety of names, e.g. convention, agreement, protocol (which usually amends or supplements an earlier treaty), are usually in writing, and may be bilateral or multilateral.
internationallaw
internationallaw国际法考试要点一、名词解释1.国际法：是关于国家和其他国际社会成员在国际社会中的权利，义务和责任的法律规范，是对国家和其他国际法主体在国际关系中具有法律约束力的各种原则，规则和制度的总称（international legal system/international law）2.国际法的渊源（sources of international law）：国际法的原则和规则第一次出现的地方，使国际法的规范具有“合法性”的法律形式。
3.国际条约（international treaty/convention）:是具有缔结能力(capacity to conclude treaties)的国际法主体间以国际法为准而缔结的确立其相互权利义务的国际书面协议 (written contract)4.国际习惯（international custom）:是各国在其实践中通过重复类似的行为而形成的具有法律拘束力的行为规则。
5.国际法的主体（Subjects of international law）：一般指独立参加国际关系并依国际法直接享有权利和承担义务的国际法律人格者。
6．国际法上的承认（recognition in international law）:一般指显存国家对于另一个国家或政府存在这一事实以一定方式表达接受的政治和法律行为。
7．国际法上的继承（succession in international law）:指一个国际法主体在国际法上的权利和义务由于某种法律事实的出现转移给另一个国际法主体。
8. 管辖权（jurisdiction）:指国家通过立法、行政和司法等措施，对其领域里的人、物和事件以及境外特定的人、物和事件进行管辖的权力和权利。
9.国际法上的领土（territory）：通指出于国家主权支配下的地球表面的特点部分，包括陆地、水域以及陆地和水域的上空和底土。
10.国际河流（international river）:指流经数国，可以通航海洋，并且根据条约向所有国家船舶开放的河流。
常用国际法词汇——法律英语
sources of international law 国际法的渊源treaties条约custom习惯genaral priciples of law 一般法律原则priciple of good faith 善意原则pacta sunt servada 约定必守原则priciple of estopel 禁止反言原则judicial decisions 司法判决the teachings of publicista 公法学家的学说resolutions of international organitions 国际组织的决议jus congens 国际法基本原则the subjects of international law国际法主体a permanent population有定居的居民a defined territory有固定的领土government 政府independence or sovereignty 独立的主权state succesion国家继承succesion of government 政府继承protectorates and protected states 保护领地与被保护国mandated and trust territories委任统治地和托管地recognation承认recognation of states国家的承认the constitutive theory构成说the declaratory theory 宣告说recognation of government 政府的承认the doctrine of effective control 有效控制原则de facto and de jure recognation 事实承认与法律承认conditional recognation 有条件承认withdrawal of recognation承认的撤销non-recognationtterritory 领土territory disputes 领土争端the principle of respect for territorial integritystates 互相尊重领土完整territory sovereignty 领土主权terra nullius 无主地derivative roots of title 派生权利original title 固有权利res communis 公共地intertemporal law 情势变更原则the scrutiny of demostic jurisdition 国内管辖权的审查the acquisition of territory 领土的取得occupation of terra nullius 先占prescription 时效cession 割让accreetion 添附subjugation or conquest 征服effective occupation 有效占领assert the sovereign right to the territory 主张领土主权the principle of contiguity 临近原则the principle of continuity 连续性原则null and viod 无效self-defense 自卫the transformation of the course of a river 河流改道the median line between the two banks 河流中心线the middle line of the navigable channel 航道中心线adjudication司法裁定the doctrine of uti possidetis 先占原则lease 租借servitude 国际地役jurisdiction 管辖权legislative juridiction 立法管辖权executive juridiction 行政管辖权judicial juridiction 司法管辖权apprehension 逮捕the host state 东道国civil juridiction 民事管辖权criminal juridiction 行使管辖权the common law countries 普通法系国家the continental law countries 大陆法系国家the defendant 被告the territoral principle 领土原则the protective principle 保护原则the nationality principle 国际原则the passive personality principle 被动人格原则the universality principle 普遍性原则flag state 船旗国manslaughter 过失杀人jus sanguinis 血统原则jus soli 出生地原则naturalization 归化piracy 海盗行为slave trading 奴隶贸易international terrorist activities 国际恐怖主义活动organized crimes 有组织犯罪war crimes 战争罪concentration camps 集中营abduct 绑架international criminal juridiction mechanism国际刑事司法体制extradition 引渡take refuge 避难asylum 庇护extraterritorial asylum 域外庇护diplomatis asylum 外交庇护immunities from jurisdiction 管辖豁免state immunity 国家的豁免absolute immunity 绝对豁免restrictive immunity 有限豁免requisitioned ship 被征用的船舶writ 令状governmental acts(acts jure imperili) 公务行为private or trade activity(acts jure gestionis) 私人行为immunity of foreign military personnel 外国军事人员的豁免the indigenous people 当地居民diplomatic privileges and immunities 外交特权与豁免diplomatic staffs 外交人员personal reprisenation 个人代表说extraterritoriality 治外法权说functional necessity 职务需要说persona non grata 不受欢迎的人the diplomatic mission 外交使团the premises of the diplomatic mission使馆馆舍consular immunity 领事豁免state responsibility 国家责任international obligation 国际义务internationally wrongful act 国际不法行为fault 过错objective responsibility 客观责任原则subjective responsibility 主观责任原则intentional and negligent 故意和过失ultra vires acts 越权行为due dilgence 适当注意satisfaction 赔礼道歉the treatment of aliens 外国人待遇international mminimum standard国际标准原则national treatment standard 国民待遇dual nationality 双重国籍exhaustion of local remidies 用尽当地救济expel aliens 驱逐外国人on the international plane 在国际上the law of treaties 条约法termination of wars 结束战争an expression of concurring wills 同意的意思表示concurring wills attributable to two or more parties 两方或多方的一致意愿concluded between subjects of international law 在国际法主体之间缔结an intention to produce lagal effects 产生法律效果的意愿lagal effects under public international law受国际法调整的法律效果unilateral statement 单方面声明a concessionary contract 特许契约negotiation 谈判signature 签署ratification 批准accession 加入entry into force 生效reservations to treaties 条约的保留the bilateral treat 双边条约the mullateral treaty 多边条约explicity forbid 明令禁止pacta sunt sevenda 条约必须信守原则non-retroactivity 不溯及既往原则territorial application 领土全境适用原则the amendment and mosification of treaties 条约的修正与修改treaty interpretation 条约的解释preamble and annexes 序言和附件invalidity of treaties 条约的无效fraud and corruption 欺诈和贿赂coercion 胁迫termination of treaties 条约的中止material breach 实质性违反peaceful settlement of disputes 和平解决争端air law and space law 航空法与空间法territorial airspace 领空the privilege to fly across the territory of anothercontracting state without landing 不降停飞跃另一缔约国领土的权利the privilege to land for non-traffic purposes 在另一缔约国做非商业性降停的权利upper limits for liability 最高责任上限aviation security 航空安全unauthorized aerial intrusion 未经授权进入他国领空的行为the law of outer space 外层空间法the law of the sea 海洋法the doctrine of freedom of the seas 公海自由理论baselines 基线internal waters 内水bays 海湾archipelago 群岛archipelagic waters 群岛水域rights of innocent passage 无害通过权international straits 国际海峡the contiguous zone 毗连区the exclusive economic zone(EEZ)专属经济区the continental shelf 大陆架the high seas 公海flag of convenience 方便旗hot pursit 紧追权seaworthiness 适航性environmental protection 环境法the balance of nature 自然平衡ozene depletion 臭氧层破坏acid rain 酸雨global warming 全球变暖human rights 人权法specialized international agreement 专门领域的国际公约the right to life生存权freedom from torture,inhuman or degradingtreatment and punishment不受酷刑、非人道或有辱人格的待遇和惩罚freedom from slavery and forced labor 免受奴隶贸易和被迫劳动the right of justice 接受公正审判的权利respect for privacy and family life 对隐私和家庭生活的尊重ill-treatment虐待peaceful settlement of disputes 争端和平解决negotiation谈判good offices斡旋mediation调停inquiry调查conciliation 调解arbitration 仲裁judicial settlement 司法解决ad hoc judge 专案法官non-appesrance 缺席advisory opinions 咨询意见the use of force 使用武力retorsion反报retaliation报复reprisals 报复self-defense自卫self-determination 自决humanitarian intervention 非人道干预civil conflicts国内冲突international organizations国际组织the league of nations 国联the United Nations 联合国GATT and WTO关贸总协定和世贸组织EU欧盟OAS美洲国家组织ASEAN 东盟the Arab League阿拉伯国家联盟。
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法律英语词汇：International law 国际法由法律教育网整理。
1. A state alone can perform acts of sovereignty on its territory.
只有国家才能在自己的领土上行使主权行为。
2. Being sovereign and equal to others， a state has certain rights and corresponding duties.
作为独立、平等的主权国家，既享有某些权利，也承担相应的义务。
3. Both sides claimed the other side broke the peace agreement.
双方都声称对方破坏了和平协议。
4. Every state has the duty to refrain from use of force against the territorial integrity of any other state.
任何国家都负有不得使用武力侵犯别国领土完整的责任。
5. He claimed diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.
为了避免被捕，他声称享有外交豁免权。
6. His passport is out of date.
他的护照已过期。
7. Illegal immigrants are deported.
非法移民要被驱逐出境。
8. One of the most flagrant of infringement of independence of States is intervention.
公然侵犯国家独立的行为之一是干涉。
9. Public international law has been regarded as a system of principles and rules designed to govern relations between sovereign states.
国际公法一直被视为是调整主权国关系的一套原则和规则。
10. The beginnings of international law as it is known today are usually traced to the 16th and 17th centuries.
如今的国际法的起源可以追溯到16和17世纪。