西方财务会计chapter1.pptx
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西方财务会计培训教材(英文版)(ppt 64页)
Quality of earnings is reduced if earnings management results in information that is less useful for predicting future earnings and cash flows.
Chapter 4-7
Gains and losses can result from sale of investments or plant assets, settlement of liabilities, write-offs of assets.
Chapter 4-10
LO 1 Understand the uses and limitations of an income statement.
17,150
Administrative exense
8,860
Interest expense
1,860
Income tax expense
7,580
Total expenses
99,020
Net income
$ 14,710
Chapter 4-12
Solution on notes page
LO 2 Prepare a single-step income statement.
LO 1 Understand the uses and limitations of an income statement.
Format of the Income Statement
Elements of the Income Statement
Revenues – Inflows or other enhancements of assets or settlements of its liabilities that constitute the entity’s ongoing major or central operations.
英文版财务会计PPT 1(1)
– Cash – Accounts receivable – Merchandise inventory – Furniture – Land
英文版财务会计PPT 1(1)
Claims to the Assets
• Liabilities – economic obligations payable to an individual or organization outside the business
Owner’s Equity
OWNER’S EQUITY
INCREASES
OWNER’S EQUITY DECREASES
Owner Investments
Owner Withdrawals
Owner’s Equity
Revenues
Expenses
英文版财务会计PPT 1(1)
Revenues
• Amounts earned by delivering goods or services to customers
英文版财务会计PPT 1(1)
Decision Makers
• Individuals • Businesses • Investors • Creditors • Taxing Authorities
英文版财务会计PPT 1(1)
Financial vs. Managerial Accounting
Entity Concept
• Accounting Entity – organization that stands apart as a separate economic unit
英文版财务会计PPT 1(1)
Reliability (Objectivity) Principle
英文版财务会计PPT 1(1)
Claims to the Assets
• Liabilities – economic obligations payable to an individual or organization outside the business
Owner’s Equity
OWNER’S EQUITY
INCREASES
OWNER’S EQUITY DECREASES
Owner Investments
Owner Withdrawals
Owner’s Equity
Revenues
Expenses
英文版财务会计PPT 1(1)
Revenues
• Amounts earned by delivering goods or services to customers
英文版财务会计PPT 1(1)
Decision Makers
• Individuals • Businesses • Investors • Creditors • Taxing Authorities
英文版财务会计PPT 1(1)
Financial vs. Managerial Accounting
Entity Concept
• Accounting Entity – organization that stands apart as a separate economic unit
英文版财务会计PPT 1(1)
Reliability (Objectivity) Principle
西方财务会计PPT课件
二、在不同条件下商品购入和商品销售的帐务处理 （1）购货与销货的记录：购货方须运用“购货”帐户，销货方需运用
“销货”帐户； （2）退货及折让货款的记录：购货方须运用“购货退还及折让”，销
货方需运用“销货退回及折让”帐户； （3）运费的记录：不同条件下，有这不同的帐务处理方法； （4）付款和收款的记录：应用“应付帐款”、“应收帐款”、“现金”
第五章 商业帐款与商业票据 要求：
熟练地掌握应收与应付帐款、应收与应付 票据的帐务处理。 重点： 1、应收帐款坏帐损失的计提； 2、应收、应付票据及其贴现的帐务处理。
一、商业帐款的帐务处理
在第三章论述商品购销业务的帐务处理程序时，已同时说明了应收、应 付帐款的帐务处理程序，因此，在本章中，只是对应收帐款帐务处 理中的特殊问题加以论述，包括坏帐损失、分期收款销货。
第六章 存货 要求：
熟练地掌握存货发出的计价方法和期末存 货计价中成本与市价孰低规则的应用。 重点： 1、各种存货发出计价方法及其适用性； 2、成本与市价孰低规则的应用。
一、存货帐务处理的基本程序 1、存货的定义及范围。 2、存货成本的构成。 3、存货内部控制的基本原则。 4、定期盘存制与永续盘存制下存货的帐务处理： 定期盘存制和永续盘存制含义；定期盘存制与永续盘存制下购货和销货
2、资产负债表的会计恒等式 资产=负债+业主权益 收益表的关系式：收益—费用＝净收益
因为业主权益的变动时有以下两个所引起的： （1）投资与派得；（2）企业的净收益， 所以，对会计恒等式中业主权益这一要素也可以表达成：
业主权益＝业主出资＋净收益－业主派得
四、财务报表的基本形式
资产负债表、收益表、业主权益表三个报表实际上都是上述三个关系 式的展开。
西方财务会计1-PPT文档资料29页
Page 14
Types of Accounting Information
1Financial Accounting
- Provides data for external users
- Is required by SEC/FASB - Is subject to GAAP - Must generate accurate
and timely data - Emphasizes the past - Look at the business as a
whole - Primarily stands by itself
2Management Accounting
- Provides data for internal users - Is not mandated by SEC/FASB - Is not subject to GAAP - Emphasizes relevance and
Eyeing the man in the balloon the passer by says: "You are in a downed balloon in a farmer's field.”
"You must be an accountant, sir," replied the balloon's unhappy resident.
- Provides data for external users
- Is required by SEC/FASB - Is subject to GAAP - Must generate accurate
and timely data - Emphasizes the past - Look at the business as a
西方财务会计培训教程(英文版)PPT课件( 68页)
the same class—called the preemptive right.
LO 1 Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.
The Corporate Form of Organization
Variety of Ownership Interests
Corporate Capital
No-Par Stock
Reasons for issuance: Avoids contingent liability. Avoids confusion over recording par value versus fair market value.
Some states require that no-par stock have a stated value.
Corporate Capital
Stock Issued with Other Securities
Two methods of allocating proceeds: 1. the proportional method and 2. the incremental method.
LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares of stock.
The Corporate Form of Organization
State Corporate Law
Corporation must submit articles of incorporation to the state in which incorporation is desired.
LO 1 Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.
The Corporate Form of Organization
Variety of Ownership Interests
Corporate Capital
No-Par Stock
Reasons for issuance: Avoids contingent liability. Avoids confusion over recording par value versus fair market value.
Some states require that no-par stock have a stated value.
Corporate Capital
Stock Issued with Other Securities
Two methods of allocating proceeds: 1. the proportional method and 2. the incremental method.
LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares of stock.
The Corporate Form of Organization
State Corporate Law
Corporation must submit articles of incorporation to the state in which incorporation is desired.
《西方财务会计》PPT课件
CHAPTER 5
CASH AND ITS CONTROL
Introduction(cont.)
• Cash is one of financial assets. • Financial assets include cash,short-term investments and
receivables. • Financial assets are shown in the balance sheet at their
• 1. All receipts should be banked promptly. • 2. Receipts from cash sales should be supported by sales tickets,
cash register tapes, and so on. • 3. Accountability should be established each time when cash is
very stable market value,and mature within 90 days of the date of acquisition.
Cash controlling
• Cash receipts • Cash payments • Cash balance
Controlling Cash Receipts
Why should a business control
cash?(summary of textbook)
• To ensure that sufficient cash is available when needed and that too much cash is not idle, managers must plan and control carefully the cash needs of the business. In addition, because cash is universally desirable, a good business must maintain careful control over its cash to ensure that it is not lost through fraud or embezzlement.
CASH AND ITS CONTROL
Introduction(cont.)
• Cash is one of financial assets. • Financial assets include cash,short-term investments and
receivables. • Financial assets are shown in the balance sheet at their
• 1. All receipts should be banked promptly. • 2. Receipts from cash sales should be supported by sales tickets,
cash register tapes, and so on. • 3. Accountability should be established each time when cash is
very stable market value,and mature within 90 days of the date of acquisition.
Cash controlling
• Cash receipts • Cash payments • Cash balance
Controlling Cash Receipts
Why should a business control
cash?(summary of textbook)
• To ensure that sufficient cash is available when needed and that too much cash is not idle, managers must plan and control carefully the cash needs of the business. In addition, because cash is universally desirable, a good business must maintain careful control over its cash to ensure that it is not lost through fraud or embezzlement.
西方财务会计 chapter1
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Financial Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting financial information for external users who do not have direct access to the information preparing which should be in accordance with General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Management Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting accounting information for internal users who have direct access to the information preparing.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has the authority to determine the financial statements to be provided to stockholders and the measurement rules applied in producing the statements. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is currently recognized as the group responsible for establishing GAAP.
西方财务会计第一章
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Financial Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting financial information for external users who do not have direct access to the information preparing which should be in accordance with General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
Level II. Basic Elements And Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting information
(i) Elements in Financial Statements
Revenues: Inflows from entity’s ongoing operations Expenses: Outflows from entity’s ongoing operations Gains: Increases in equity from incidental transactions Losses: Decreases in equity from incidental
GAAP
Generally accepted accounting principles are the measurement rules used to develop the information in financial statement. They are those guidelines which indicate how to report economic events. They consist of a number of concepts,principles and procedures.
西方财务会计chapt1
评价：虽然历史成本会计模式受到很多批评，但迄今为止未找到更好 的模式替代它，故其为更为合适的会计计量模式，其他会计计量模式 只是对历史成本进行局部的修正。
第六节
财务报表的基本要素和一般 目的财务报表
• 会计平衡公式 Assets=Liabilities + Owner’s equity 或 ： Assets=Equity 财务报表的基本要素 ☆美国FASB的“财务会计概念公告”第六号 《财务会计报表的基本要素》定义了10大会计要 素：资产、负债、所有者权益、收入、费用、利 得、综合收益、所有者向企业投资、企业对所有 者的分派。本教材定义的会计要素为8项，不包 括所有者向企业投资、企业对所有者的分派。
会计的基本原则
原则
历史成本原 则 Historical 基 Cost 本 Principle
含义
经营活动的各项交易以实际发生的成 本入账历史成本容易取得，客观，历 史悠久，易于理解接受，但由于通胀 和币值变动的存在，该模式受到较多 的批评。 确认为某一会计期间的收入应符合2个 条件：已经赚取；现金流入确实可实 现。 在取得收入的同时应确认与收入相关 的费用。
配合使用者 的质量特征 易懂性（Understandability）
决策有用性的 基本质量特征
相关性Relevance（与决策相关，具有 反馈价值Feedback Value和预测价 值Predictive Value，还应是适时的 Timeliness ） 可靠性Reliability （包含可验证性 Verifiability 和如实表述 Representational Faithfulness 两项基本品质要素）
• 财务会计的概念结构
FASB从1973年创立时起，便着手财务会计概念结构的 研究，由8大专题组成。 财务报告目标的研究于1978年11月完成。 FASB所发表 的一系列的《财务会计概念公告》构成了财务会计概念 结构的基本框架，是财务会计的基础和基础理论。 美国财务会计准则委员会（FASB）对于财务会计概念 框架的研究是卓有成效的，对世界一些国家的会计理论 和会计实务的发展及国际会计准则的制定和概念框架产 生了较大影响。 如果没有一套前后一致、系统完整、逻辑严密的基础理 论体系为指导，具体会计准则将缺乏一致和可比，甚至 产生矛盾和冲突。
西方财务会计 第一章
第一章：通用目的财务报 告的目标
目标：向现时和潜在的投资者、债权 人及其 求权、经济资源及对其要求权的变动 等
第二章：报告主体 （待完成发布） 有用财务信息的质量： 相关性：预测、反馈价值、重要性 第三章：有用财务信息的质 量特征 真实可靠性：完整、中立、无差错 提升质量的特征：可验证、可比、及时、易懂
续
• 二、会计基本原则 • 公认会计原则（Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ，GAAP） • 是会计工作的规范或规则，包括两个层次： • 会计基本原则：对会计信息形成过程的总体要求（如前述 概念结构）。 • 会计准则（Accounting standards）：具体业务处理规则
第二节 美国会计准则演进和财务会计概 念框架
一、美国公认会计准则的演进 1、会计程序委员会（CAP，1936年－1959） 2、会计原则委员会（APB，1959－1973年） 3、财务会计准则委员会（FASB，1973年开始至今） （1）《财务会计概念公告》（Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts）， • （2）《财务会计准则公告》（Statements of Financial Accounting Standards）， • （3）《解释》（Interpretations）， • （4）《技术公报》（Technical Bulletins）。 • • • • •
续
• 二、财务报告概念框架 • 1、有助于国际会计准则理事会制订财务报告准则及对现有准则的审 定和修订； • 2、有助于国际会计准则理事会促进会计规范和会计准则的国际协调 ，为减少国际会计准则中会计处理方法的选择提供基础； • 3、有助于各国会计准则制订机构制定会计准则； • 4、有助于采用国际会计准则编制财务报表，以及处理在国际会计准 则中尚未明确的一些问题； • 5、有助于审计人员就财务报表是否依据国际会计准则发表审计意见 ； • 6、有助于报表的使用者了解和分析依据国际会计准则编制的会计报 表； • 7、对国际会计准则理事会如何制订国际会计准则感兴趣的人提供相 关信息。
财务会计英语unit1课件
财务会计英语unit1
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements
• Expense (费用) are the gross outflow of economic benefits resulted from the course of ordinary activities resulting in decreases in owner’s equity caused by the business’ revenueproducing operations, other than the decreases from distributions of profits to owners.
Section 3 Journalizing and Posting
Section 4 Financial Statements
财务会计英语unit1
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements • 1.1 The accounting equation
财务会计英语unit1
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements
Current assets (流动资产) are short-term assets including cash, bank deposit, accounts receivable, inventory, etc. Fixed assets (固定资产) are non-current assets, including land, buildings, equipment, furniture, etc. Intangible assets (无形资产) are also non-current assets, including patents, copyrights, licenses, franchises, goodwill, etc.
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements
• Expense (费用) are the gross outflow of economic benefits resulted from the course of ordinary activities resulting in decreases in owner’s equity caused by the business’ revenueproducing operations, other than the decreases from distributions of profits to owners.
Section 3 Journalizing and Posting
Section 4 Financial Statements
财务会计英语unit1
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements • 1.1 The accounting equation
财务会计英语unit1
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements
Current assets (流动资产) are short-term assets including cash, bank deposit, accounts receivable, inventory, etc. Fixed assets (固定资产) are non-current assets, including land, buildings, equipment, furniture, etc. Intangible assets (无形资产) are also non-current assets, including patents, copyrights, licenses, franchises, goodwill, etc.
西方财务会计课件 (1)
Level II. Basic Elements And Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting information
(i) Elements in Financial Statements
Revenues: Inflows from entity’s ongoing operations Expenses: Outflows from entity’s ongoing operations Gains: Increases in equity from incidental transactions Losses: Decreases in equity from incidental
西方财务会计
WESTERN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Chapter 1
The Financial Accounting Conceptual Framework And The Accounting Equation
1.1 ACCOUNTING
A service activity ---- Provide useful information about economic entities to interested parties And a measurement-communication activity---The usefulness of accounting information depends on effective measurement of the economic activities and effective communication of those measurements to users of that information.
西方财务会计第一章 财务会计基本理论
会计的基本原则
2、收入实现（Revenue realization）原则 也称收入确认原则，即何时记录收入，应记 录的金额是多少。 如何确认收入已经实现，应符合两个条件：
赚取收入的过程已经完成，如商品已交付、劳 务已提供； 收入能客观计量：交易已经发生，已收到账款 或收取账款的权利已经确立。
上述所有文件构成美国的公认会计原则 （Generally Accepted Accounting Principles， GAAP） 。
美国公认会计原则的建立与发展
美国证券交易委员会（Securities and Exchange Commission，SEC） 由其批准GAAP，但将制定权非正式 地交给了FASB 发布《会计系列文集》（Accounting Series Release）等。
财务报表要素
财务报表要素，也称会计要素，是财务报表 内容的总括分类项目。 美国FASB在财务会计概念说明第6号《财务 报表的基本要素》定义了10项要素：资产、 负债、所有者权益、所有者投资、向所有者 分派、收入、费用、利得、损失、综合收益。
资产负债表
资产负债表（Balance Sheet）
经济资源＝对经济资源的要求权 资产 ＝ 负债＋所有者权益 Assets ＝Liabilities＋Owners’ Equity
资产负债表要素
资产（Assets）
是企业拥有或控制的、由过去的交易或事项 产生的、可用货币计量的经济资源。
资产的特征： 能提供未来经济利益 必须为企业所拥有或控制 必须是企业过去的交易或事项的结果 能以货币单位可靠计量
西方财务会计
Financial Accounting
西方财务会计.ppt
Gains and losses
Losses: decrease in equity from incidental or peripheral transactions not associated with the company’s major or central lines of business,e.g. loss from disposal of fixed asset.
西方财务会计
WESTERN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Chapter 1
The Financial Accounting Conceptual Framework And The Accounting Equation
1.1 ACCOUNTING
A service activity ---- Provide useful information about economic entities to interested parties
When revenues exceed expenses, net income results.
When expenses exceed revenues, a net loss results.
Gains and losses(con.)
Gains: increase in equity from incidental or peripheral transactions not associated with the company’s major or central lines of business, e.g. gain from disposal of fixed asset.
They are the cost of assets consumed or services used in the process of earning revenue.
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And a measurement-communication activity---The usefulness of accounting information depends on effective measurement of the economic activities and effective communication of those measurements to users of that information.
西方财务会计
WESTERN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Chapter 1
The Financial Accounting Conceptual Framework And The Accounting Equation
1.1 ACCOUNTING
A service activity ---- Provide useful information about economic entities to interested parties
1.3 THE FASB’S FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
1.3-1 Objectives of the Conceptual Framework
The Framework is to be the foundation for building a set of coherent accounting standards and rules.
The first level consists of objectives.
The second level explains financial elements and characteristics of information.
The third level incorporates recognition and measurement criteria.
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Management Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting accounting information for internal users who have direct access to the information preparing.
The Conceptual Framework
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issues Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts. These statements constitute the conceptual framework of accounting.
GAAP
Generally accepted accounting principles are the measurement rules used to develop the information in financial statement. They are those guidelines which indicate how to report economic events. They consist of a number of concepts,principles and procedures.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has the authority to determine the financial statements to be provided to stockholders and the measurement rules applied in producing the statements. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is currently recognized as the group responsible for establishing GAAP.
Accounting information and decision makers
g information
Financial accounting
External Decision makers
Management Accounting
Internal Decision makers
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Financial Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting financial information for external users who do not have direct access to the information preparing which should be in accordance with General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
The Framework is to be a reference of basic accounting theory for solving emerging practical problems of reporting.
1.3-2 Overview of the Conceptual Framework ---- Three levels of objectives elements and principles
西方财务会计
WESTERN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Chapter 1
The Financial Accounting Conceptual Framework And The Accounting Equation
1.1 ACCOUNTING
A service activity ---- Provide useful information about economic entities to interested parties
1.3 THE FASB’S FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
1.3-1 Objectives of the Conceptual Framework
The Framework is to be the foundation for building a set of coherent accounting standards and rules.
The first level consists of objectives.
The second level explains financial elements and characteristics of information.
The third level incorporates recognition and measurement criteria.
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Management Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting accounting information for internal users who have direct access to the information preparing.
The Conceptual Framework
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issues Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts. These statements constitute the conceptual framework of accounting.
GAAP
Generally accepted accounting principles are the measurement rules used to develop the information in financial statement. They are those guidelines which indicate how to report economic events. They consist of a number of concepts,principles and procedures.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has the authority to determine the financial statements to be provided to stockholders and the measurement rules applied in producing the statements. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is currently recognized as the group responsible for establishing GAAP.
Accounting information and decision makers
g information
Financial accounting
External Decision makers
Management Accounting
Internal Decision makers
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Financial Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting financial information for external users who do not have direct access to the information preparing which should be in accordance with General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
The Framework is to be a reference of basic accounting theory for solving emerging practical problems of reporting.
1.3-2 Overview of the Conceptual Framework ---- Three levels of objectives elements and principles