学生用 快速阅读模拟题

Text 1Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1 - 7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.SleepSleep is one of those funny things about being a human being --- you just have to do it. Have you ever wondered why? And what about the crazy dreams, like the one where a bad person is chasing you and you can‟t run or yell. Does that make any s ense?Characteristics of SleepWhen we see someone sleeping, we recognize the following characteristics:If possible, the person will lie down to go to sleep.The person‟s eyes are closed.The person doesn‟t hear anything unless it is a loud noise.The person breathes in a slow, rhythmic pattern.The person‟s muscles are completely relaxed. If sitting up, the person may fall out of his or her chair as sleep deepens.During sleep, the person occasionally rolls over or rearranges his or her body. This happens approximately once or twice an hour. This may be the body‟s way of making sure that no part of the body or skin has its circulation cut off for too long a period of time.In addition to these outward signs, the heart slows down and the brain does some pretty funky things.In other words, a sleeping person is unconscious to most things happening in the environment. The biggest difference between someone who is asleep and someone who has fainted or gone into a coma is the fact that a sleeping person can be aroused if the stimulus presented by is strong enough. If you shake the person, yell loudly or flash a bright light, a sleeping person will wake up.Who Sleeps?Reptiles(爬行动物), birds and mammals all sleep. That is, they become unconscious to their surroundings for periods of time. Some fish and amphibians (两栖动物) reduce their awareness but do not ever become unconscious like the higher vertebrates(脊椎动物) do. Insects do not appear to sleep, although they may become inactive in daylight or darkness.By studying brainwaves, it is known that reptiles do not dream. Birds dream a little. Mammals all dream during sleep.Different animals sleep in different ways. Some animals, like humans, prefer to sleep in one long session. Other animals like to sleep in many short bursts. Some sleep at night, while others sleep during the day.Sleep and the BrainIf you attach an electroencephalograph to a person‟s head, you can record the person‟s brainwave activity. An awake and relaxed person generates alpha waves, which are consistent oscillations at about 10 cycles per second. An alert person generates beta waves, which are about twice as fast.During sleep, two slower patterns called theta waves and delta waves take over. Theta waves have oscillations in the range of 3.5 to 7 cycles per second, and delta waves have oscillations of less than 3.5 cycles per second. As a person falls asleep and sleep deepens, the brainwave patterns slow down. A person deep in delta wave sleep is hardest to wake up.REM SleepAt several points during the night, something unexpected happens -- rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs. Most people experience three to five intervals of REM sleep per night, and brainwaves during this period speed up to awake levels. If you ever watch a person or a dog experiencing REM sleep, you will see their eyes flickering back and forth rapidly. In many dogs and some people, arms, legs and facial muscles will twitch during REM sleep. Periods of sleep other than REM sleep are known as NREM (non-REM) sleep.REM sleep is when you dream. If you wake up a person during REM sleep, the person can vividly recall dreams. If you wake up a person during NREM sleep, generally the person will not be dreaming.You must have both REM and NREM sleep to get a good night‟s sleep. A normal person will spend about 25 percent of the night in REM sleep, and the rest in NREM. A REM session a dream -- lasts five to 30 minutes.When You Miss Some Zzzzs…One way to understand why we sleep is to look at what happens when we don‟t get enough: As you know if you have ever pulled an all-nighter, missing one night of sleep is not fatal. A person will generally be irritable during the next day and will either slow down (become tired easily) or will be totally wired because of adrenalin (肾上腺素).If a person misses two nights of sleep, it gets worse. Concentration is difficult, and attention span falls by the wayside. Mistakes increase.After three days, a person will start to hallucinate and clear thinking is impossible. With continued wakefulness a person can lose grasp of reality. Rats forced to stay awake continuously will eventually die, proving that sleep is essential.A person who gets just a few hours of sleep per night can experience many of the same problems over time.Two other things are known to happen during sleep. Growth hormone in children is secreted during sleep, and chemicals important to the immune system are secreted during sleep. You can become more prone to disease if you don‟t get enough sleep, and a child‟s growth can be stunted(阻碍) by sleep deprivation.Why Sleep?No one really knows why we sleep. But, there are all kinds of theories, including these: Sleep gives the body a chance to repair muscles and other tissues, replace aging or deadcells, etc.Sleep gives the brain a chance to organize and archive memories. Dreams are thought by some to be part of this process.Sleep lowers our energy consumption, so we need three meals a day rather than four or five. Since we can‟t do anything in the dark anyway, we might as well "turn off" and save the energy.What we all know is that, with a good night‟s sleep, everything looks and feels better in the morning. Both the brain and the body are refreshed and ready for a new day.DreamsThe brain creates dreams through random electrical activity. Random is the key word here. About every 90 minutes the brain stem sends electrical impulses throughout the brain, in no particular order or fashion. The analytic portion of the brain -- the forebrain----then desperately tries to make sense of these signals. It is like looking at a Rorschach test, a random splash of ink on paper. The only way of comprehending it is by viewing the dream (or the inkblot) metaphorically, symbolicall y, since there‟s no literal message.This doesn‟t mean that dreams are meaningless or should be ignored. How our forebrains choose to "analyze" the random and discontinuous images may tell us something about ourselves, just as what we see in an inkblot can be revelatory. And perhaps there is a purpose to the craziness: Our minds may be working on deep-seated problems through these circuitous and less threatening metaphorical dreams.Here are some other things you may have noticed about your dreams:Dreams tell a story. They are like a TV show, with scenes, characters and props.Dreams are egocentric. They almost always involve you.Dreams incorporate things that have happened to you recently. They can also incorporate deep wishes and fears.A noise in the environment is often worked in to a dream in some way, giving some credibility to the idea that dreams are simply the brain‟s response to random impulses.You usually cannot control a dream -- in fact, many dreams emphasize your lack of control by making it impossible to run or yell.Dreaming is important. In sleep experiments where a person is woken up every time he/she enters REM sleep, the person becomes increasingly impatient and uncomfortable over time.How Much Sleep Do I Need?Most adult people seem to need seven to nine hours of sleep a night. This is an average, and it is also subjective. You, for example, probably know how much sleep you need in an average night to feel your best.The amount of sleep you need decreases with age. A newborn baby might sleep 20 hours a day. By age four, the average is 12 hours a day. By age 10, the average falls to 10 hours a day. Senior citizens can often get by with six or seven hours a day.1. This passage tells us why people have to sleep and what causes dreams.2. During sleep, the person is conscious to most things happening in the environment.3. Neither reptiles nor birds dream during sleep.4. A normal person spends the main part of the night in NREM sleep.5. If you miss one night of sleep, you will lose your appetite to some extent.6. Nobody really knows the reason why we sleep.7. Generally speaking, you need less amount of sleep as you grow older.8. The slower ________________ , the deeper the sleep.9. REM in this passage stands for ________________________.10. The brain stem sends electrical impulses throughout the brain about every ________________.Text2Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly For questions 1-7, markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO)if he statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage;For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.SpidersSpiders can be distinguished from other Arachnids because the prosoma (combined head and thorax) is only separated from the opisthosoma (abdomen) by a narrow waist, in other Arachnids the whole body appears to be much more of a single unit. All spiders produce silk, but only some construct webs to catch their homes and to protect their eggs.All spiders possess poison glands but very few of them are dangerous to humans, of the 600 species in Britain only 12 (at least one of these is a recent human assisted colonist) are strong enough to pierce the human skin, and apart from allergies, none are more dangerous than a common wasp. Most spiders have 8 eyes (though some have 6,4,2 or 0), as well as 8 legs. (By the way if you count the claws as separate leg section(which you shouldn‟t really)then their legs have 8 parts as well(coxa, trochanter , femur, patella, tibia, tarsus, metatarsus, claws). There are more than 32,000 known species of spider in the world. No human being has ever been officially recorder as having died as the result of a tarantula‟s bite.All spiders are carnivorous and feed only on liquids, i.e. their preys natural juices and the breakdown products of external digestion (meaning they spit, exude or inject digestive juices onto/into their prey and suck up the resulting soup). So why not invite some to your next social do?What’s In a NameThe word Arachnid comes from the Greek word Arachne, who was the daughter of Idmon of Colophon in Lydia, a dyer by trade. Arachne herself was a weaver, the best in all the known world. However in a foolish moment she challenged Athene, the daughter of Zeus and goddess of, among other things, waving to a weaving competition. Arachne wove so perfect a cloth that she tore it to shreds. Arachne became depressed after this and in the end she hung herself. Athene stirred to remorse at the knowledge of what her anger had wrought turned the rope Arachne had used to hang herself into a web and Arachne herself into a spider so that the beauty of her spinning should not be lost to the world ever again.The Great Household Spider SafariThere are just over six hundred different sorts of spiders in the British Isles. But of these only a handful are commonly found in houses. At the front of the head are a pair of what appear to be small legs. These are called palps and are used to guide food to the spider‟s mouth. The front of the head also has a group of six or eight eyes. On the underside of the body at the rear, are four or six small conical bumps or cylinders. There are the spinnerets from which the spider produces the silk to make its webs.Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by looking at their palps. Males have swollen ends to their palps which makes them look as if they are wearing boxing gloves, these are often strange shapes if looked at with a hand lens. Females have normal looking palps that are not swollen at the ends.The largest spider is the Goliath spider, the female of which grows to reach a leg span of ten inches. The largest spider in Britain is the Cardinal spider which is a close cousin of Tim Tegenaria. Females can achieve a leg span of four and a half inches. It is known as the Cardinal spider as it was common in Hampton Court when Cardinal Wolsey lived there. The sight of these long legged spiders wandering around the palace at night used to frighten him. So far 32，000 different kinds of spider have been discovered from all over the world. Britain has 630 different kinds of spider of which 250 are tiny Money spiders. The smallest of which has a body less than one millimeter long.1.All the silk produced by spiders construct webs to catch their food.2.Not all the poison glands possessed by spiders are dangerous to human beings.3.Spiders often kill humans in Britain when they pierce human skin.4.After seeing her enemy commits suicide, Arachne turned Athene into a spider.5.Tim Tegenaria spiders are closely related to tarantula spiders; both are found in Britain.6.So far 32,000 different kinds of spiders have been discovered from all over the world.7.Money spiders are the smallest spiders found in the Arachnids family.8.There are more than ________________ known species of spider in the world.9.Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by ________________________.10.The largest spider is________________________.Text 3Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly For questions 1-7, markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO)if he statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage;For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Computer CrimeA computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and softwaref or illegal purposes. This doesn‟t mean that all the crimes are new types of crime. On the contrary, many of these crimes, such as embezzlement of funds, the alteration of records, theft, vandalism, sabotage, and terrorism, can be committed without a computer. But with a computer, these offenses can be carried out more quickly and with less chance that the person responsible for the crime will be discovered.Computer crimes are on the rise and have been for the last twelve years. Just how much these computer crimes cost the American public is in dispute, but estimates range from$3 billion to$5 billion annually. Even the FBI, which attempts to keep track of the growth or decline of all kinds of crimes, is unable to say precisely how large a loss is involved; however, it estimates that the average take from a company hit by computer crime is $600,000. A number of reasons are given for the increase in computer crime: (a)more computers in use and, thus, more people who are familiar with basic computer operation; (b)more computers tied together in satellite and other data—transmission networks; and (c)the easy access of microcomputers to huge mainframe data bases.The CriminalMovies and newspaper stories might lead us to believe that most computer crimes are committed by teenage “hackers”—brilliant and basically good children who let their imagination and technical genius get them into trouble. But a realistic look at the crimes reveals that the offender is likely to be an employee of the firm against which the crime has been committed, i.e., an “insider”.Difficulty of Detection and PreventionGiven the kind of person who commits a computer crime and the environment in which the crime occurs, it is often difficult to detect who the criminal is. First of all, the crime may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone discovers it.Second, once the crime has been revealed, it is not easy to find a clear trail of evidence that leads back to the guilty party. After all, looking for “weapons” or fingerprints does not occur as it might in the investigation of more conventional crimes.Third, there are usually no witnesses to the computer crime, even though it may be taking place in a room filled with people. Who is to say if the person at the next terminal, calmly keying in data, is doing the com pany‟s work or committing a criminal act?Fourth, not enough people in management and law enforcement know enough about computer technology to prevent the crimes. Authorities have t o be familiar with the computer‟s capabilities within a given situation to guard against its misuses. In some large cities, such as Los Angeles, police departments have set up specially trained computer crime units.But even when an offender is caught, the investigators, attorneys (律师), judges, or juries may find the alleged crime too complicated and perplexing to handle. More attorneys are specializing in compute r law and studying the computer‟s potential for misuse.After a computer crime has been discovered, many companies do not report it or prosecute (起诉)the person responsible. A company may not announce the crime out of fear that the pubic will find out the weaknesses of its computer system and lose confidence in its organization. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities (脆弱性)because they rely heavily on customer trust.To avoid public attention, cautious companies will often settle cases of computer tampering out of court. And if cases do go to trial and the offenders are convicted, they may be punished only by a fine or light sentenc e because the judge or jury isn‟t fully trained to understand the nature and seriousness of the crime.Not all companies are timid in apprehending computer criminals. For example, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company decided it had to get tough on violators. So when the company discovered that one of its computer technicians had embezzled $200,000 by entering false benefit claims, it pre sented it findings to the state‟s attorney and aided in the prosecution of the technician. The technician was found guilty and sentenced to prison, not just for the computer misuse, but also for grand theft and insurance fraud. Connecticut General now has a policy of reporting all incidents of theft or fraud, no matter how small.1. The FBI knows exactly how large a loss is involved in computer crimes.2. It has become easy for microcomputer owners to use huge mainframe data bases.3. It is implied in the Paragraph 3 that most computer criminals are the employees of the concerned companies.4. Many companies don‟t report computer crimes because law procedures against computer crimes usually cost a lot of money.5. When computer crime takes place in a room filled with people, there are usually many witnesses to the crime.6. The passage is mainly about the increase of computer crimes in America and the difficulties in combating computer crimes.7. Computer crimes are on the rise because more cheap microcomputers are available.8. According to the passage, computer crimes has been on the rise for the last_______________ years.9. Connecticut General Life Insurance Company is cited as _______________ of companies that took serious measures to fight against computer crimes.10. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities because they place too much reliance on_______________.Text 4Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly For questions 1-7, markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO)if he statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage;For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.PassportsIf you've ever traveled outside the United States, one of the most important tasks you had to complete before your trip was applying for a passport. A copy of your original birth certificate may suffice for short trips to Mexico or the Caribbean, say on a cruise. But, generallyspeaking ,want to see the world, you have to have a passport--the only universally accepted form of identification.What Exactly Is a Passport and How Long Has It Been Around?Passports have been around in some form for hundreds of years. Governments learned long ago tat an official document of certification--one that identified a traveler as a citizen or national with a right to protection while a broad and a right to return to the country of his citizenship--is a necessity. Passports, letters of transit and similar documents were used for centuries to allow individuals to travel safely in foreign lands, but the adoption of the passport by all nations is a development of the 19th and 20th centuries. According to State Department historians, except for brief periods during wartime, passports were not generally required for travel abroad and few obstacles were presented by foreign states' passport requirements until after 1914.An executive order made on Dec.15,1915,required every person entering or leaving the United States to have a valid passport.In the United States, passports are issued upon application to U.S. citizens by the State Department and its 13 passport agencies in major cities, by U.S. passport cannot simply be renewed but must be completely replaced when it expires.Applying for a PassportYou can find passport applications at any regional passport agency or at designated post offices or clerk of court offices. Today, you can even download and print your own passport applications. However, you still are to go in person to apply for your first passport.You should apply for your passport several months in advance of your planned departure, making sure you fill in the dates of your upcoming trip in the appropriate place on the application. If you'll need visas from foreign embassies, allow more time.As a rule, it takes about 25 business days to process your passport application and get the document sent to you. Something to think about : Lines are longest at passport agencies from January to July , resulting in longer waiting times for applicants. You might want to avoid the crowds by applying through a nearby clerk of court or post office that accepts passport applications.The passport agency processes expedited passports within three working days from receipt of the application. If you choose not to pay for overnight mail, you should receive your passport in 7-10 business days. You can also expedite passport renewal -- and you can do it by mail.Does Everybody Have to Apply in Person?The States Department's Passport Agency says you must apply in person for a U.S. passport if you meet any of the following descriptions:You are 13 or older and are applying for a U.S. passport for the first time.Your previous passport was lost or stolen.Your previous passport has expired and was issued more than 12 years ago.You are applying for a passport for a child under age 12.Applying in PersonApplying for a passport is not really difficult -- it just requires following very specific rules.Follow these steps and you'll have all your bases covered:1. Complete application Form DSP-11--but DO NOT sign the form until you are instructed to do so by the passport agent.2. Present proof of U.S. citizenship:Previous U.S. passportCertified birth certificate issued by the city , country or state.Consular report of birth abroadNaturalization certificateCertificate of citizenshipOne more thing : Even though your Social Security card is not required by the passport application, it does ask for your Social Security number.What Happens to My Passport Application After I Submit It?If you apply at a passport acceptance facility , like the post office, the same day that you apply, your application will be sent to Passport services for processing, and you will receive your passport by first call mail within five weeks by first class mail. Your passport will be sent to the mail address you provided on your application.How Much Will My Passport Cost?When you consider its importance and how long it lasts, a passport is a pretty good deal. For routine services, passports for adults 16 and older cost $60. Those age 15 and younger pay a total of $40.If you were born outside the United States and your citizenship has not yet been determined or if the passport agent consider your case "complex," Getting a passport will cost more. As we discussed earlier, expediting an application will also cost more.Can I Have My Old Passport Back?Yes! Most people view their passports as important memorabilia and are eager to get them back. That's why your previous passport, marked "canceled, "will be returned to you with your new one.Lost or Stolen PassportLosing your passport -- especially if you're in a foreign country -- can be scary. It's the most important item you carry with you, so it's best to keep it someplace secure. Another safety measure you can take is to make two photocopies of the photo ID page of your passport. Leave one at home with family or friends and keep the other in a different place from your passport, perhaps buried in the bottom of checked luggage. This could make all the difference in getting you on your flight home in the event that your passport is lost or stolen. It also makes getting it replaced much easier.You'll want to report the loss of your passport as soon as possible. You can actually report lost or stolen passport at the same time you apply for the new one. At that time, you will submit a DSP-64, "Statement Regarding Lost or Stolen Passport" form. You'll also need to fill out a Form DSP-11 passport application and submit it in person , along with appropriate documentation and fees, to your nearest passport acceptance facility.1. A passport is the only universally accepted form of identification around the world.2. In the United States, the passport is valid for 10 years for people under 18.3. If you are over 13 and are applying for a U.S. passport for the first time ,you have to apply in person.4. It is very difficult to apply for a passport as it requires many specific rules.5. For routine services, passports for adults 16 and older cost more than those age 15 and younger.6. In fact, you cannot report a lost passport and apply for a new one at the same time.7. This passage mainly deals with the history of passports.8. According to _____________ made on Dec.15,1915,every person entering or leaving the United States is required to have a valid passport.9. Normally, it takes_____________ or so to process your passport application and get the document sent to you.10. Your passport will be sent to _______________ you provided on your application.Text 5Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Great Australian FenceA war has been going on for almost a hundred years between the sheep farmers of Australia and the dingo, Australia‟s wild dog. To protect their livelihood, the farmers build a wire fence, 3,307 miles of continuous wire network, reaching from the coast of South Australia all the way to the cotton fields of eastern Queensland, just shore of the Pacific Ocean.The Fence is Australia‟s version of the Great Wall of China, but even longer, erected to keep out hostile invaders, in the case hordes of yellow dogs. The empire it preserves is that of the woolgrowers, sovereigns of the world‟s seco nd largest sheep flock, after C hina‟s―some 123 million head ―and kee pers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars. Never mind that more and more people ―conservationists, politicians, taxpayers and animal lovers―say that such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological grounds. With sections of it almost a hundred years old, the dog fence has become, as conservationist Lindsay Fairweather ruefully admits, an icon of Australian frontier ingenuity.To appreciate this unusual outback monument and to meet the people whose livelihoods depend on it. I spent part of an Australian autumn traveling the wire. It‟s known by different names in different states: the Dog Fence is South Australia, the Broader Fence in New South Wales and the Barrier Fence in Queensland. I would call it simply the Fence.For most of its prodigious length, this epic fence winds like a river across a landscape that, unless a big rain has fallen, scarcely has rivers. The eccentric route, prescribed mostly by property lines, provides a sampler of outback topography: the Fence goes over sand dunes, past salt lakes, up and down rock-strewn hills, through dense scrub and across barren plains.。