TPO23-24翻译
托福tpo 23 独立写作
In today's world, it is more important to work quickly and risk making mistakes than to work slowly and make sure that everything is correct.In today's society, everybody has a fast pace life. Everybody wants to finish work in the shortest time and thus has more time for relaxing. Whereas, some people worry about that the quality of our work will decline as we rush to finish our work. Still, I believe it is more important to work quickly and making mistakes than to work slowly and make sure that everything is correct."Done is better than perfect” is a motto on face book office's wall. It is their way of doing things that make the all employees more productive in limited time. Therefore, face book has been such successful company in today's highly competitive technology field. Moreover, I don't think we have right to judge one product if the product is not finished. It is like we can’t start to decorate a room until we finish building the house. At work, the process of the whole project will be stopped if we cannot get our work done on time. As students, we won't get a score on our papers if our papers are uncompleted.At times, it is just a stenotype that the more time we spend on one thing, the better it will turn out. On the contrary，It is not the truth all the time. In some cases, we will make a better choice following our intuitions, because we are able to reflect on our past experiences subconsciously and make the best choice in a short time. On the other hand, if we are trying to make every detail perfect at first time, it will probably turn into a barrier for us psychologically. In end, it may become a cause for procrastination. In my opinion, the best to start doing work is to draw a frame of the work firstly and get the ball rolling. We can prefect our work after finishing the main sketches of the work.Creating a mater piece is demanding and time consuming. At most times, a mater piece is not the first version. It is always a better solution for us to finish our work at first and then revise it than to polish every detail when we first do it.。
托福范文及赏析-TPO23独立写作-智课网
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO独立写作TPO23In today’s world, it is more important to work quickly and risk making mistakes than to work slowly and make sure that everything is correct.题目翻译在当今世界，快速工作并且愿意冒犯错的风险比慢速工作且确信一切正确更加重要。
审题关键词Work quickly, Risk making mistakes, Work slowly, Everything is correct论证分析正: Working slowly and carefully is a requisite part of life, especially when one's decisions can impact one's own life and the lives of others in a significant way.反： At the same time, working quickly is necessary on the way to success.范文Modern technological development has made our lives faster than ever before. Under this circumstance, people nowadays tend to live with a faster pace, and are now more concerned about efficiency. As a result, doing things slowly and making almost everything correctly seems to be sort of out of date. In a modern society, people should work at a higher speed and risk taking mistakes.As I have mentioned in the first paragraph, the development of modern technology has made our life faster than ever before. With the assistance of modern techniques, we consequently should work faster than ever before. For instance, in the old days, people made their own clothes by hand. But now, machines in factories have made sewing and weaving quite speedy and of great quality. We do not have to waste any time doing cumbersome works because of modern technology. Therefore, why should we insist on working at a slow pace instead of enjoying the convenience that is brought by technology?Another important aspect is that now we are living in a society that is developing rapidly. To meet the rapid change and improvement, all of us need to improve our own efficiency. Almost every factory wants to increase its productivity and almost all employers want employees to generate greater value within the time limit. Nobody wants to be a loser in the society, so the only way to keep pace with the whole society is to accelerate, which is, working faster.That said, some people may counter that people may face greater risks of making mistakes. Admittedly, it is highly possible for us to make mistakes when working at a high speed. But in fact, we human beings always make mistakes, so even if we work as slowly and carefully as possible, we still risk making errors. However, by taking the advantage of modern technology and high self-efficiency, we can do our work more precisely than ever before.All in all, in today’s world, people should work at a higher speed. It is so important that everyone in this modern society should embrace it. It is a general tendency of our world.满分要素剖析语言表达本文的句式结构多样，富于变化。
【托福写作备考】TPO23综合写作文本及解析
【托福写作备考】TPO23综合写作文本及解析TPO 23综合写作的阅读材料：Populations of the yellow cedar, a species of tree that is common innorthwestern North America, have been steadily declining for more than a centurynow, since about 1880. Scientists have advanced several hypotheses to explainthis decline.译文：黄杉是北美西北部常见的树木。
但是从1880年开始的一个多世纪以来，黄杉的数量在逐渐减少。
目前，科学家提出了几个假说来解释黄杉数量的下降。
One hypothesis is that the yellow cedar decline may be caused by insectparasites, specifically the cedar bark beetle. This beetle is known to attackcedar trees; the beetle larvae eat the wood. There have been recorded instancesof sustained beetle attacks overwhelming and killing yellow cedars, so thisinsect is a good candidate for the cause of the tree’s decline.译文：其中一个假说认为黄杉数量下降是由以衫皮甲虫为代表的寄生害虫导致。
这种甲虫据了解是以杉树皮为食，而其幼虫则以木质部分为食。
史上不乏对于甲虫侵蚀和导致黄杉大量死亡的记录。
因为，这种甲虫很可能是黄杉数量减少的原因。
托福阅读TPO24(试题+答案+译文)第2篇-BreathingDuringSleep整理
托福阅读TPO24(试题+答案+译文)第2篇:BreathingDuringSleep整理为了关心大家备考托福阅读，提高成果，下面我给大家带来托福阅读TPO24(试题+答案+译文)第2篇:Breathing During Sleep，盼望大家喜爱!托福阅读原文【1】Of all the physiological differences in human sleep compared with wakefulness that have been discovered in the last decade, changes in respiratory control are most dramatic. Not only are there differences in the level of the functioning of respiratory systems, there are even changes in how they function. Movements of the rib cage for breathing are reduced during sleep, making the contractions of the diaphragm more important. Yet because of the physics of lying down, the stomach applies weight against the diaphragm and makes it more difficult for the diaphragm to do its job. However, there are many other changes that affect respiration when asleep.【2】During wakefulness, breathing is controlled by two interacting systems. The first is an automatic, metabolic system whose control is centered in the brain stem. It subconsciously adjusts breathing rate and depth in order to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2), and the acid-base ratio in the blood. The second system is the voluntary, behavioral system. Its control center is based in the forebrain, and it regulates breathing for use in speech, singing, sighing, and so on. It is capable of ignoring or overriding the automatic, metabolic system and produces an irregular pattern of breathing.【3】During NREM (the phase of sleep in which there is no rapid eye movement) breathing becomes deeper and more regular, but there is also a decrease in the breathing rate, resulting in less air being exchanged overall. This occurs because during NREM sleep the automatic, metabolic system has exclusive control over breathing and the body uses less oxygen and produces less carbon dioxide. Also, during sleep the automatic metabolic system is less responsive to carbon dioxide levels and oxygen levels in the blood. Two things result from these changes in breathing control that occur during sleep. First, there may be a brief cessation or reduction of breathing when falling asleep as the sleeper waxes and wanes between sleep and wakefulness and their differing control mechanisms. Second, once sleep is fully obtained, there is an increase of carbon dioxide and a decrease of oxygen in the blood that persists during NREM.【4】But that is not all that changes. During all phases of sleep, several changes in the air passages have been observed. It takes twice as much effort to breathe during sleep because of greater resistance to airflow in the airways and changes in the efficiency of the muscles used for breathing. Some of the muscles that help keep the upper airway open when breathing tend to become more relaxed during sleep, especially during REM (the phase of sleep in which there is rapid eye movement). Without this muscular action, inhaling is like sucking air out of a balloon—the narrow passages tend to collapse. Also there is a regular cycle of change in resistance between the two sides of the nose. If something blocks the good side, such as congestion from allergies or a cold, then resistance increases dramatically. Coupled with these factors is the loss of the complex interactions among the muscles that can change the route of airflow from nose to mouth.【5】Other respiratory regulating mechanisms apparently ceasefunctioning during sleep. For example, during wakefulness there is an immediate, automatic, adaptive increase in breathing effort when inhaling is made more difficult (such as breathing through a restrictive face mask). This reflexive adjustment is totally absent during NREM sleep. Only after several inadequate breaths under such conditions, resulting in the considerable elevation of carbon dioxide and reduction of oxygen in the blood, is breathing effort adjusted. Finally, the coughing reflex in reaction to irritants in the airway produces not a cough during sleep but a cessation of breathing. If the irritation is severe enough, a sleeping person will arouse, clear the airway, then resume breathing and likely return to sleep.【6】Additional breathing changes occur during REM sleep that are even more dramatic than the changes that occur during NREM. The amount of air exchanged is even lower in REM than NREM because, although breathing is more rapid in REM,it is also more irregular, with brief episodes of shallow breathing or absence of breathing. In addition, breathing during REM depends much more on the action of the diaphragm and much less on rib cage action.托福阅读试题1.According to paragraph 1, which of the following can be inferred about the diaphragm during sleep?A.During sleep the diaphragm requires increased movement of the rib cage.B.The diaphragm helps with breathing as movements of the rib cage decrease during sleep.C.The diaphragm requires a great amount of pressure to function properly.D.The diaphragm contributes to the effective functioning of the rib cage.2.According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the voluntary breathing system EXCEPT:A.It has its control center in the brain stem.B.It controls breathing for a number of activities during wakefulness.C.It is able to bypass the automatic system.D.It produces an irregular breathing pattern.3.The word exclusive in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning toA.consistentB.perfectC.partialD.sole4.According to paragraph 3, which of the following may occur just before NREM sleep begins?A.The automatic, metabolic system may increase its dependence on air exchanges.B.Breathing can stop for a short time as a person falls asleep.C.An increase in the oxygen level in the blood can occur as sleep becomes fully obtained.D.The level of carbon dioxide in the blood may drop suddenly.5.What is the authors purpose in stating that inhaling is like sucking air out of a balloon?(in paragraph 4)A.To refute the argument that additional effort is necessary for breathing during sleep.B.To argue that REM sleep is more important than NREM sleep.C.To illustrate the difficulty of breathing during sleep.D.To illustrate how blockage of narrow passages can be prevented during sleep.6.All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as being characteristic of breathing during sleep EXCEPTA.relaxation of the muscles involved in the respiratory system.B.changes in resistance between the two sides of the nose.C.easier airflow in the passages of the upper airway.D.absence of certain complex muscle interactions.7.According to paragraph 5, what happens during NREM sleep when inhaling is difficult?A.There is an immediate, automatic, adaptive increase in breathing effort.B.The sleeping person takes several inadequate breaths before the breathing effort is adjusted.C.The coughing reflex causes the breathing effort to adjust.D.The airways become cleared as the blood removes irritants.8.It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that a very mild irritation during sleep will likely cause the sleeping person toA.increase the breathing effort.B.wake up and remove the source of irritation.C.cough while still sleeping.D.stop breathing temporarily while still sleeping.9.The word considerable (paragraph 5)meaning toA.significant.B.Steady.ual.D.necessary.10.The word resume in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning toA.reduce.B.stop.C.readjust.D.restart.11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage (paragraph 6)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Because breathing is more shallow and irregular in REM than in NREM, less air is exchanged in REM.B.Breathing in NREM is less effective than breathing in REM because of irregular episodes of rapid breathing during NREM.C.Because breathing is more rapid in NREM sleep than in REM sleep, breathing often becomes shallow.D.Although REM has brief episodes of shallow breathing or lack of breathing, breathing is more rapid than in NREM.12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage. To better understand breathing during sleep, it is, however, helpful to first understand how respiration works in general.paragraph1: Of all the physiological differences in human sleep compared with wakefulness that have been discovered in the last decade, changes in respiratory control are most dramatic. Not only are there differences in the level of the functioning of respiratory systems, there are even changes in how they function. Movements of the rib cage for breathing are reduced during sleep, making the contractions of the diaphragm more important. [■]【A】Yet because of the physics of lying down, the stomach applies weight against the diaphragm and makes it more difficult for the diaphragm to do its job. [■]【B】However, there are many other changes that affect respiration when asleep.paragraph2: [■]【C】During wakefulness, breathing is controlled by two interacting systems. [■]【D】The first is an automatic, metabolic system whose control is centered in the brain stem. It subconsciously adjusts breathing rate and depth in order to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2), and the acid-base ratio in the blood. The second system is the voluntary, behavioral system. Its control center is based in the forebrain, and it regulates breathing for use in speech, singing, sighing, and so on. It is capable of ignoring or overriding the automatic, metabolic system and produces an irregular pattern of breathing.13.Directions: From the seven statements below, select the statements that correctly characterize breathing during wakefulness and those statements that correctly characterize breathing during sleep. Drag each answer choice you select into the appropriate box of the table. Two of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 3 points.A.The role of the rib cage increases and the role of the diaphragm decreases.B.Carbon dioxide in blood rises and oxygen drops.C.The coughing reflex is extremely complex.D.A great deal of effort is used for breathing.E.Upper airways are resistant to colds and allergies.F.There is a drop in the volume of air that is exchanged.G.Automatic and voluntary respiratory systems are both involved.1 )WakefulneA B C D E F G2 )SleepA B C D E F G托福（阅读答案）1.以diaphragm做关键词定位至第三句和第四句，说ribcage运动变少，使得diaphragm更重要，但stomach的压力使得diaphragm工作起来更困难，B是正确答案。
TPO23 听力 TEXT 5 翻译
TPO23 L ISTENING T EXT 5教授：我们已经讨论过海洋生物在水里如何寻找方向，它们如何航行，并且这带来了一个有趣的谜题，一个我保证你们都会感兴趣的谜题。
大家都喜欢海豚吧？那么，海豚实际上发出两种声音。
第一种通过喷水孔发出声音的发声法想必大家都已熟知。
而我们今天主要关注的是它们用于回声定位的短促的咔嚓声，由此它们可以探测周遭环境。
实践证明，这些声音是由海豚的装满空气的鼻液囊中发出的。
那个谜题是：那个咔嚓声是如何在水中传播的？这并不像想象中那样简单。
你看，介质的密度越大，声音传播速度也越快。
因此，声音在水中传播的速度比在空气中更快。
那么，声波又如何呢？好，现在有一束光波在一种介质中愉快地穿行，突然，它撞到了另一种不同的介质，接下来会发生什么呢？对，一部分能量将被反射回来，另一部分则将在第二种介质中传播。
接着呢？在接下来呢？如果这两种介质有着非常不同的密度，比如空气和水，那么大多数的能量都将被反射回来，只有很小的一部分会继续前行，即在新的介质中传播。
我的意思是，就想想当你潜在水里时，外面那些声响实际上传入你的耳朵里有多么小。
那么，海豚的咔嚓声是如何通过它的充满空气的鼻液囊传播进入海水的呢？因为我们已经知道鼻腔中的空气和海水的密度的不同，我们可以想象这些声音在海豚的脑中来回循环，这将不会让海豚好受。
如果它想要航行，它将需要传播那些声音，并且被一些前方的物体反弹。
已被证实，在海豚前额中鼻液囊的正前方，有一种叫做额隆的结构。
目前，额隆被看作是一种由脂肪组织构成的大的囊状袋。
并且，这个脂肪组织有一些相当有趣的声学的性能。
大多数在动物体内的脂肪都是用来储存能量的，但是在海豚体内并且仅仅在额隆以及下颌周围发现的这种脂肪，是非常不一样的，富含非常多的油脂。
并且，也展现出了十分不同的用途。
现在，克服空气和水的密度差异的方法是？如果你用和声波一样的速率前进，准确地与在某种水中的速度吻合。
这就是海洋生物学家发现的额隆。
TPO23第三篇翻译
参考译文：澳大利亚土著的岩石艺术自从欧洲人第一次探索澳大利亚，人们就一直试图了解那些远古的岩画和洞穴，它们由土著居民也就是这片大陆的原始居民创造。
在十九世纪早期，遇到的岩石艺术品还比较少，大多是猜测性的解释，，但是到了十九世纪晚期，人们意识到这些岩石艺术的范围和多样性一直在增加。
在随后二十世纪的几十年里，更多的努力放到了理解和记录澳大利亚岩画的丰富性上。
系统地研究这门艺术是澳大利亚一门相当新的学科。
在过去四十年里新的发现不断添加到这门知识体系中。
最重要的数据集中在三个主要问题上。
首先，澳大利亚岩石艺术处于哪个时代？第二，它的组织风格是什么样的以及有没有可能从风格中辨别出一个发展序列和模式？第三，有没有可能在利用所有可能的考古技术和对现有土著居民中博学者的了解，准确地了解这些岩石艺术所要表达的主题？关于澳大利亚岩石艺术的时代一直在修正，早期的年代测定被提议为新发现的结果。
现在，可靠的科学证据证明澳大利亚最早的岩石艺术创作大约在3 万到5 万年前。
这本身是一个几乎不可思议的跨代，也使得澳大利亚的岩石艺术成为世界上传承最久的艺术。
尽管澳大利亚岩石艺术的非凡古迹现在已经被确立，它们的年代顺序和图案的意义却有着广泛的争论1970 年代中期以来，澳大利亚岩画艺术组织已经形成一个相当稳定的图像。
为了给这幅画创造一种结构感，研究者们依赖仍然根基于本土视觉文化形式的不同——这种不同是几何元素和修饰元素的不同。
最早在澳大利亚岩石艺术地区的发现的简单的几何重复图案——圆，同心圆，以及线条——组成了肖像学（人物图案）。
一些简单图案在这些最古老的遗址上出现的频率使得岩石艺术研究人员采用了一种描述性的术语——Panaramitee 风格——取名自澳大利亚南部沙漠Panaramitee North 广袤的岩石丘，这些岩石丘表面都刻有这些图案。
这些图案的特点让人们得出一个结论:即它们是来自于一个久远的时代——地质变化明显发生在这些图案的设计之后，当那些土著中的信息提供者第一次被问到这个问题时，好像并不知道它们的来源。
托福模拟试题
托福模拟试题-TPO24-对话1- 题目详解以及译文1 答案：B解析：（29”）定位句：no, it's not coming up. Hmm..,. I am not seeing it 店员说我没看见它，它没有出现，所以就是书店根本就木有这本书啊。
选择B?2 答案：AB解析：（48”）定位句：Oh, oh, you know what? Um, it's for a graduate class. Would that maybe make a difference?I mean, I a m an undergrad, but I am just taking this one class in the graduate department, so... 1’03”定位句：But, hmm... let me see... maybe it's just...it could be that whoever that entered it misspelled the title or the author's name, so I can't find it on the computer and I can't tell if it's sold out. 男生认为是不是因为他是graduate class 的，所以书店没有，店员说也有可能是其他的店输入错名字了，所以通过电脑找不到，选择AB?3 答案：D解析：（2’28”）定位句：But if not, come back, and I'll help you find it somewhere else. I can call around to see if other bookstores might have it. OK? 店员说，你先去那家店找找，找不着的话再回来，我给你问问其他的店有没有，所以选D。
托福备考托福阅读34套TPO样题+解析+译文23--2 Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture
托福考试 复习托福阅读TPO23(试题+答案+译文)第2篇:Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture托福阅读原文【1】Agriculture and fishing formed the primary sector of the economy in the Netherlands in the seventeenth century. Dutch agriculture was modernized and commercialized new crops and agricultural techniques raised levels of production so that they were in line with market demands, and cheap grain was imported annually from the Baltic region in large quantities. According to estimates, about 120,000 tons of imported grain fed about 600,000 people: that is about a third of the Dutch population. Importing the grain, which would have been expensive and time consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves, kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods.【2】Apart from this, being able to give up labor-intensive grain production freed both the land and the workforce for more productive agricultural divisions. The peasants specialized in livestock husbandry and dairy farming as well as in cultivating industrial crops and fodder crops: flax, madder, and rape were grown, as were tobacco, hops, and turnips. These products were bought mostly by urban businesses. Therewas also a demand among urban consumers for dairy products such as butter and cheese, which, in the sixteenth century, had become more expensive than grain. The high prices encouraged the peasants to improve their animal husbandry techniques; for example, they began feeding their animals indoors in order to raise the milk yield of their cows. 【3】In addition to dairy farming and cultivating industrial crops, a third sector of the Dutch economy reflected the way in which agriculture was being modernized-horticulture. In the sixteenth century, fruit and vegetables were to be found only in gardens belonging to wealthy people. This changed in the early part of the seventeenth century when horticulture became accepted as an agricultural sector. Whole villages began to cultivate fruit and vegetables. The produce was then transported by water to markets in the cities, where the consumption of fruit and vegetables was no longer restricted to the wealthy.【4】As the demand for agricultural produce from both consumers and industry increased, agricultural land became more valuable and people tried to work the available land more intensively and to reclaim more land from wetlands and lakes. In order to increase production on existing land, the peasants made more use of crop rotation and, in particular, began to apply animal waste to the soil regularly, rather than leaving the fertilization process up to the grazing livestock. For the first time industrial waste, such as ash from the soap-boilers, was collected in thecities and sold in the country as artificial fertilizer. The increased yield and price of land justified reclaiming and draining even more land.【5】The Dutch battle against the sea is legendary. Noorderkwartier in Holland, with its numerous lakes and stretches of water, was particularly suitable for land reclamation and one of the biggest projects undertaken there was the draining of the Beemster lake which began in 1608. The richest merchants in Amsterdam contributed money to reclaim a good 7,100 hectares of land. Forty-three windmills powered the drainage pumps so that they were able to lease the reclamation to farmers as early as 1612, with the investors receiving annual leasing payments at an interest rate of 17 percent. Land reclamation continued, and between 1590 and 1665, almost 100,000 hectares were reclaimed from the wetland areas of Holland, Zeeland, and Friesland. However, land reclamation decreased significantly after the middle of the seventeenth century because the price of agricultural products began to fall, making land reclamation far less profitable in the second part of the century.【6】Dutch agriculture was finally affected by the general agricultural crisis in Europe during the last two decades of the seventeenth century. However, what is astonishing about this is not that Dutch agriculture was affected by critical phenomena such as a decrease in sales and production, but the fact that the crisis appeared only relatively late in Dutch agriculture. In Europe as a whole, the exceptional reduction in thepopulation and the related fall in demand for grain since the beginning of the seventeenth century had caused the price of agricultural products to fall. Dutch peasants were able to remain unaffected by this crisis for a long time because they had specialized in dairy farming industrial crops, and horticulture. However, toward the end of the seventeenth century, they too were overtaken by the general agricultural crisis.托福阅读试题1.By indicating that production was in line with market demands (paragraph 1) the author means that Dutch farmers were able toA.exceed other European countries in agricultural production.B.produce crops mat were similar to those popular in other European countries.C.supply sufficient quantities of the agricultural products that the Dutch population wanted to buy.D.satisfy the demand for high quality agricultural products from the Baltic region.2.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage (paragraph 1)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Buying imported grain led to the Dutch demanding that other foodstuffs and consumer goods be imported.B.Because the Dutch were able to import inexpensive grain, they had money available to create a demand for other food products and consumer goods.C.Keeping the price of grain low was a primary goal of the Dutch at a time when they could not produce enough grain to provide for all their needs.D.The demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods forced the Dutch to import grain and other products at a time when maintaining low prices was especially important.3.The phrase “Apart from” in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning toA.Besides.B.Despite.C.As a result of.D.Instead of.4.According to paragraph 2, the increases demands on Dutch agriculture made by urban consumers had which of the following results?A.Seasonal shortages of the products consumers most wanted.B.Increased production of high-quality grain products.C.Raised prices charged by peasants to urban consumers.D.Different ways of caring for dairy-producing animals.5.The word “consumption” in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning toA.sale.B.storage.C.exportation.D.utilization.6.According to paragraph 3, the modernization of agriculture in the Netherlands was evident in all of the following ways EXCEPT:A.The production of fruits and vegetables became a commercial venture.B.The wealthy stopped growing fruits and vegetables in their gardens and grew flowers instead.C.Horticultural produce was transported to city markets by water.D.Many more people were able to afford to eat fresh fruits and vegetables.7.Select the TWO answer choices that, according to paragraph 4, indicate two methods people used to increase the productivity of their land. To receive credit you must select TWO answersA.They planted different crops in different sections of the farm each year.B.They used improved irrigation methods to increase the yield of crops.C.They increased the use of fertilizers to supply more nutrients to plants.D.They used new horticultural practices to produce different varieties of plants in the same section of the farm.8.The word “they” in the passage (paragraph 5) refers toA.merchants.B.hectares.C.windmills.D.drainage pumps.9.According to paragraph 5, which of the following was an important reason why land-reclamation projects in the first half of the seventeenth century proceeded rapidly?A.Windmills became powerful enough to run drainage pumps efficiently.B.Merchants invested large amounts of money in reclamation.C.High interest rates discouraged people from buying land already available.D.Reclaimed land was much more suitable for agriculture than the existing land.10.The word “legendary” in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning toA.continuous.B.well documented.C.famous.D.expensive.11.The word “astonishing” in the passage (paragraph6) is closest in meaning toA.incredibleB.unfortunateC.predictedD.evident12.Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage (in paragraph 6)?A.A presentation of a theory and the evidence in favor of it.B.A general statement followed by examples and relevant details.C.A analysis of a problem and its solution.D.A series of statements leading to a conclusion.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage. Some villages specialized in growing cabbages and carrots; others grew onions, mustard, and coriander; and still others produced fruit and cultivated trees in nurseries.Paragraph 3: In addition to dairy farming and cultivating industrial crops, a third sector of the Dutch economy reflected the way in which agriculture was being modernized-horticulture. ■【A】In the sixteenth century, fruit and vegetables were to be found only in gardens belonging to wealthy people. ■【B】This changed in the early part of the seventeenth century when horticulture became accepted as an agricultural sector. ■【C】Whole villages began to cultivate fruit and vegetables. ■【D】Theproduce was then transported by water to markets in the cities, where the consumption of fruit and vegetables was no longer restricted to the wealthy.14. Direction: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provides below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Agriculture formed one of the primary sectors of the economy in seventeenth-century Netherlands.A.The Baltic region produced large quantities of grain for export to other regions, including the Netherlands.B.The richest people grew enough fruits and vegetables to supply the entire country with fresh produce.C.An agricultural crisis that began in Europe did not affect Dutch land-reclamation projects.D.Specialization in dairy farming, industrial crops, and horticulture allowed the Dutch to be more productive than some other regions in Europe.nd reclamation and improvement allowed the Dutch to meet demands for their agricultural products.F.Because the Dutch had specialized their agricultural output they wereless susceptible to the crisis that Europe experienced from the beginning of the century.托福阅读答案1.以market demands做关键词定位至第二句，说农业现代化，commercialized 的作物和先进的agricultural technique使得产量升高，从而可以满足市场的需要，因此这些人满足市场需要的原因是作物的产量高，所以正确答案是C。
托福阅读TPO23答案解析
托福阅读答案1.infrequent不常见的，所以正确答案是uncommon，单词是frequent加否定前缀构成的。
原文说最初encounter怎么样，从十九世纪晚期，awareness变多了，也就是原来很少，所以正确答案是B，其他选项都与多或者少不沾边。
2.以二十世纪做关键词定位至最后一句，说二十世纪的后几十年人们更多花功夫在理解和记录rock art的abundance上，所以正确答案是D，understanding and documenting。
其他选项都没说。
3.relatively相对地，相关地，所以正确答案是comparatively。
原文说对这种art的研究是一个怎么样新的学科在澳洲。
接着说在过去的四十年中，也就是说已经研究了四十年了，也不能算很新，只是时间相对短罢了，所以正确答案B。
A全新，C明显新，和D特别新，都不对。
4.discern辨别，察觉，所以正确答案是identity。
从单词本身看，dis有分开之意，cern有确定，弄清之意，想想concern，所以两者合在一起必然有区分、辨别之意。
原文说australian rock art的stylicorganization究竟是什么，是否有可能怎么样一个sequence或者一种pattern，所以答案是C。
repeat和apply不沾边，indicate有暗示，指明之意，而原文没有，不选。
5.revise修改，所以正确答案是change。
从单词本身看，re表示再次，vise是看，想想supervise和devise，所以两者合在一起必有改的意思。
原文说rock art的年龄一直在怎么样，接着又说因为有新发现，所以更早的定年出现了，所以年龄是被改变了，D正确。
raise错，年龄不能一直被提出；challenge和discuss都没提出结果，而且也跟再次没关系，不选。
6.原句的结构是frequency导致专家采用了一个term，lead to说明存在因果关系，正确答案是 B。
托福TPO24综合写作内容解读
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO24综合写作内容解读摘要：有关托福TPO综合写作和独立写作的内容我们已经为大家介绍了不少，已经接近了尾声，不知道大家复习的怎么样了？今天我们陆续为大家爱介绍接下来的三篇文章：托福写作综合写作TPO23-25，需要的考生抓紧时间下载啦！托福 TPO24综合写作阅读材料：Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues because in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently when it appeared thata 70-million-year-old fossil of Tyrannosaurus rex (T.rex), a dinosaur, might still contain remains of the actual tissues of the animal. The discovery was made when researchers deliberately broke open the T. rex ’ s leg bone, thereby exposing its insides to reveal materials that seem to be remains of blood vessels, red blood cells, and collagen matrix.动物化石很难帮助人们研究动物的软组织，这是因为化石里面的动物活性组织大部分都被矿物质代替了。
最近，发现一个 7 千万年前的霸王龙化石中可能存在真正的动物软组织。
托福阅读词汇：TPO24 Moving into Pueblos
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读词汇：TPO24 Moving into Pueblos摘要：托福阅读词汇：TPO24 Moving into Pueblos!小编为大家整理的托福阅读TPO24-Moving into Pueblos中的所有有价值学习的词汇，学术词汇较多，希望可以帮助到大家。
托福阅读词汇：TPO24 Moving into Pueblos!小编为大家整理的托福阅读 TPO24-Moving into Pueblos中的所有有价值学习的词汇，学术词汇较多，希望可以帮助到大家。
扫码立即获取托福阅读词汇：TPO24 Moving into Pueblos资料：在托福备考中，词汇是基础。
在托福阅读备考时，考生为了提高阅读速度，往往需要一段时间的词汇积累。
但是参照以往的考生备考经验已经大多教师的建议，最高效的记忆托福阅读词汇的方法还是从阅读过程中积累。
所以小马托福小编为了减轻大家在积累过程中的前期工作，为大家整理出TPO24-Moving into Pueblos中的所有有价值学习的词汇，分享给大家，希望大家可以学习一下，从一点一滴开始学习词汇。
核心词汇音标词性释义近义词例句dwelling ['dwelɪŋ] n. 住处;寓所 residence Some 3,500 new dwellings are planned for the area.extended-family -- n. 大家庭 -- Last year, Choi Hyun-sil and her husband Kim Kyung-ho led their extended family through a perilous two-month odyssey across China to arrive in Seoul in December.autonomy [ɔː'tɒnəmɪ] n. 自治，自治权 self-rule If that means autonomy, doesn't it risk similar demands in other provinces inclined to break away?construction [kən'strʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 建设;建筑物;解释;造句 building Weak housing sales mean fewer jobs in the construction industry, which normally powers economic recoveries.elevation [,elɪ'veɪʃ(ə)n] n. 高地;海拔;提高 height Morgan's elevation was welcomed by David Collier, who has worked alongside him as ECB chief executive.communal ['kɒmjʊn(ə)l] adj. 公共的;公社的 -- The poisonous atmosphere comes at a still fragile time in the development of Muslimcommunal life.dense [dens] adj. 稠密的;浓厚的;愚钝的 crass Your kids choose their lunch from the bakery and you picnic in beautiful denseforest.traumatic [trɔː'mætɪk] adj. 外伤的;创伤的 -- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a degenerative, dementia-likebrain disease linked to repeated brain trauma.aggregated ['ægrigitid] adj. 聚合的;合计的 polymeric There are concerns that personal content will become aggregated for marketing or other purposes.hygienic [haɪ'dʒiːnɪk] adj. 卫生的，保健的;卫生学的 sanitary She also recommended standard hygienic procedures such as washing hands before eating or cooking.influential [,ɪnflʊ'enʃ(ə)l] adj. 有影响的;有势力的 predominant Gary Panter has been one of the most influential figures in visual culture sincethe mid-1970s.corresponding [,kɒrɪ'spɒndɪŋ] adj. 相当的，相应的;一致的 consistent But the corresponding boost to debt and consumption in America has come from the stockmarket.arable ['ærəb(ə)l] adj. 适于耕种的;可开垦的 tillable Arable farmers do not expect to irrigate their crops, unlike fruit and vegetable farmers.construct [kən'strʌkt] v. 建造，构造;创立 institute Obviously, it's simply a facility that took a lot to construct and a lot to operate.dominate ['dɒmɪneɪt] v. 控制;支配;占优势 advantage over Australian-based companies now dominate New Zealand's media and banking sectors and are making inroads into retail.culminate ['kʌlmɪneɪt] v. 到绝顶;达到高潮;达到顶点 top The labor action is to culminate in a two-day nationwide general strike on Oct. 19-20.infringe [ɪn'frɪn(d)ʒ] v. 侵犯;违反;破坏 destroy No one may invoke cultural diversity to infringe human rights or to limit their scope.学术词汇音标词性释义canyon ['kænjən] n. 峡谷cliff [klɪf] n. 悬崖;绝壁dam [dæm] n. 水坝;障碍reservoir ['rezəvwɑ: (r)] n. 水库;蓄水池terrace ['terəs] n. 平台;梯田;阳台hemisphere ['hemɪsfɪə] n. 半球相关推荐:李笑来新托福词汇题整理托福词汇完整版含机经单词小马托福听力分类词汇文本+音频相关字搜索：托福阅读词汇：TPO24。
TPO23
TPO 23 Conversation 1announcement [ə'naʊnsmənt]n. 宣布；声明submit [səb'mɪt]n. 提交instruction [ɪn'strʌkʃən]n. 指令；说明enthusiastic [ɪn,θuzɪ'æstɪk]adj. 热心的；热情的loose [lus] adj. 松的；宽松的literature ['lɪtrətʃɚ] n. 文学；文献condition [kən'dɪʃən]n. 条件；情况legwork ['lɛg'wɝk] n. 跑腿；外勤工作specialized ['spɛʃə'laɪzd]adj. 专门的potential [pə'tɛnʃl]n. 潜力；潜能appeal [ə'pil]n. 吸引力genuine [ˈdʒɛnjuɪn]adj. 真正的publicity [pʌb'lɪsəti]n. 公众的注意；宣传relevant ['rɛləvənt]adj. 相关的poster ['postɚ]n. 海报Lecture 1archaeology [ˌɑrkɪ'ɑlədʒi]n. 考古学civilization [ˌsɪvələ'zeʃən]n. 文明shipwreck ['ʃɪprɛk]n. 遇难船；海难the Mediterranean Sea 地中海corroded [kə'rəʊdɪd]v. 腐蚀；侵蚀figure out v. 想出；断定extraordinary [ˌɛkstrə'ɔdɪri]adj. 非凡的；特别的device [dɪ'vaɪs] n. 装置；设备roughly ['rʌfli]adv. 粗略地；大约gear [ɡɪr]n. 传动装置；齿轮rotate ['rotet] v. 轮流；旋转dial ['daɪəl]n. 刻度盘constellation [ˌkɑnstə'leʃən]n. 星群bronze [brɑnz] adj. 青铜制的motion ['moʃən]n. 移动inscription[ɪn'skrɪpʃən] n. 题字cargo ['kɑrɡo] n. 货物；船货wreck [rɛk] n. 遇难；（船）失事下沉literally ['lɪtərəli]adv. 简直insist [ɪn'sɪst]v. 坚持；强调conclusive [kən'klusɪv]adj. 决定性的；确实的forge [fɔrdʒ]v. 锻造mold [mold] v. 形成；制模fortunate ['fɔrtʃənət]adj. 幸运的lunar ['lunɚ]adj. 阴历的solar ['solɚ]adj. 阳历的eclipse [ɪ'klɪps]n. 日或月食notable ['notəbl]adj. 显著的；著名的precise [prɪ'saɪs]adj. 精确的；准确的irregularity [ɪˌrɛɡjəˈlærɪti]n. 不规则的事物replicate ['rɛplɪket]v. 复制calendar ['kæləndɚ]n. 日历crop [krɑp] n. 农作物Lecture 2cumulative ['kjumjəletɪv]adj. 累积的；渐增的radiation [ˌredɪ'eʃən]n. 辐射absorb [əbˈsɔrb] v. 吸收budget['bʌdʒɪt]n. 预算albedo[æl'bido] n. 星体反照率percentage [pɚ'sɛntɪdʒ]n. 百分率；比例reflect [rɪ'flɛkt] v. 反射rainforest ['ren'fɔrɪst]n. 雨林contrast ['kɑntræst] n. 对比desert [ˈdɛzət]n. 沙漠；荒地property ['prɑpɚti]n. 性质transparent [træns'pærənt]adj. 透明的transmit [træns'mɪt]v. 传达；传送trap [træp] v. 陷入（困境）predominate [prɪ'dɑmə'net]v. 占优势portion ['pɔrʃən]n. 部分microscopic [ˌmaɪkrə'skɑpɪk]adj. 极小的marine [mə'rin]adj. 海的hypothesis [haɪ'pɑθəsɪs]n. 假说；假设microorganism [ˌmaɪkro'ɔrgən,ɪzəm]n. 微生物sulfide ['sʌl,faɪd]n. 硫化物implication ['ɪmplɪ'keʃən]n. 牵连accelerate [ək'sɛləret]v. 加速；提前Conversation 2awesome ['ɔsəm]adj. 精彩的，绝妙的tackle [ˈtækəl]v. 处理psychological [ˌsaɪkə'lɑdʒɪkl]adj. 心理(学)的consciousness ['kɑnʃəsnəs]n. 意识monologue [ˈmɑnəˌlɔɡ] n. 独白oppose [ə'poz]v. 反对linear ['lɪnɪɚ]adj.直线的；线性的unfold [ʌn'fold]v. 展开；开放privilege ['prɪvlɪdʒ] n. 特权；荣幸dilemma [dɪˈlɛmə]n. 困境criticism ['krɪtə'sɪzəm]n. 评论exception [ɪk'sɛpʃən] n. 例外exposure [ɪk'spoʒɚ] n. 暴露appreciate [ə'priʃɪet] v. 欣赏navigate ['nævə'get]v. 航行；驾驶vocalization [ˌvəukəlaizeiʃən]n. 发声emit [ɪ'mɪt] v. 发出，发射blowhole ['blohol] n. 通风孔；通气孔echolocation [ˌɛkolo'keʃən]n. 回声定位法transmit [træns'mɪt]v. 传送dense [dɛns]adj. 密集的；稠密的merrily ['mɛrəli]adv. 欢乐地；愉快地cavity ['kævəti]n. 腔bounce [baʊns]v. 弹起；重新恢复broadcast ['brɔdkæst]v. 广播forehead ['fɔr'hɛd]n. 前额；前部pouch [paʊtʃ]n. 小袋；小包acoustical [ə'kʊstɪkl]adj. 听觉的；声学的jaw [dʒɔ]n. 颌；下巴modify ['mɑdɪfaɪ]v. 修改；更改velocity [və'lɑsəti] n. 速度biologist [bai'ɔlədʒist]n. 生物学家bursa [ˈbɚsə]n. 囊rear [rɪr]n. 后部；后方efficiently [ɪˈfɪʃəntlɪ]adv. 高效率地；有效地minimal ['mɪnɪməl]adj. 最小的；最低限度的tissue ['tɪʃu]n. (生物的)组织capture ['kæptʃɚ]v. 捕获；占领choreography [ˌkɔrɪ'ɑɡrəfi]n. 舞蹈编排routine [rʊ'tin]n. 常规distort [dɪ'stɔrt]v. 歪曲；变形fade [fad] v. 逐渐消失applause[ə'plɔz]n. 鼓掌；喝彩inspire [ɪn'spaɪɚ]v. 鼓舞reluctant [rɪ'lʌktənt]adj. 不情愿的；勉强的immediacy [ɪ'midɪəsi]n. 直接；立即close-up [ˈklosˌʌp]n. 特写镜头operate ['ɑpə'ret]v. 操作illusion [ɪ'luʒn]n. 错觉；幻觉frame [frem] n. 骨架；身躯manipulate[mə'nɪpjulet]v. 操作；控制impose [ɪm'poz]v. 强加layer ['lɛr]v. 分层awareness [əˈwɛrnɪs]n. 认识；意识a bunch of 很多take ... into account 考虑contribute to 有助于；为…作贡献。
新托福TPO口语参考答案——TPO23
1. There can be several advantages to spending time living in another country. Talk about one advantage and explain how living in another country provides that advantage. Use details and examples in your response.One of the advantages to spending time living in another country is to learn a new perspective. Different country has different cultures. Different culture views things differently. For example, I once lived in United State. Almost all I experienced there are different from my experience in my home country. College students in the US earn living expenses and tuition fees by themselves while those in my country rely on their parents. Their way of living is also different from ours. They usually live off-campus and drive to school. We live on campus and walk to classroom. They don’t always eat in cafeteria because food there is a little experience, while we always eat in cafeteria because food there is the least expensive. So many different things come together to help me form a new perspective toward college life.2. Some people enjoy spending their free time alone in activities such as reading, thinking or writing. Others enjoyspending their free time in shared activities with other people. Which do you prefer and why?I prefer to spend free time alone doing activities like reading, thinking and writing. I value my free time very much because that’s the time I can do whatever I like. I like reading and writing. By reading books, some masterpieces, I feel like I am talking with those great authors and masters. I enjoy great stories such as Robinson Crusoe, Boy’s life and Catcher in the Rye. By writing, I can take down the meaningful moments and thoughts in my life. Also, I can write my own stories. Every time I work out a story, I feel great and eager to let others read it. Through reading and writing, I can better understand my life. Only by staying alone can I read, write and think.3. The woman expresses her opinion about the plan announced in the article. Briefly summarize the plan. Then state her opinion about the plan and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.Campus newspaper editors have made the decision to eliminate theinternational news section because other news sources can provide better international news coverage. Also, the space will be used as a calendar page covering events and activities around campus. The woman thinks it’s the right thing to do. Her reason is that hardly anyone reads the international news section and students already know about the major stories from local paper and Internet before they read the section. So she thinks the campus newspaper should stick to the campus news. Her second reason is that right now information is everywhere on campus, in different buildings or in the student center. With the new calendar, students can cut it out, carry it around, and know what’s taking place and when and where.4. Using the example from the lecture, explain how people’s behavior is affected by reference groups.Reference groups are groups of people we admire. We tend to imitate their behavior and attitudes. The professor uses his own life experience to illustrate this phenomenon. When he entered university, he made friends with art students. The art students always dressed casually. They wore t-shirts, jeans and sneakers.The professor thought they were cool so he also started wearing t-shirts, jeans and sneakers. But after graduation, the professor got a job in Chicago. When his co-workers and he gathered for a concert or a baseball game, he found out that they all dressed up a little bit. The man would wear a nice pair of pants and the woman would wear fashionable dress. And he started to think these look really classy and sharp and began to wear like them. So his reference group has changed from the art students to his co-workers.5. Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which solution you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.The bus schedule has changed. But the man has to take a bus from campus to his job in town. Because the bus he used to take is going to leave earlier, he can’t get there in time. There are two possible solutions discussed in the conversation. The first solution is to talk to boss and change the work hours to late at night so that he can catch the later bus. But if he works late at night, he will be tired in the class early next morning. Thesecond solution is to ride bike to work. It only takes 15mins. But the man is worrying that in bad weather, riding bike will be inconvenient. If I were the man, I would choose the second solution, since it only takes 15mins to get to work. Also, he can get exercise from riding the bike. Plus, not every day has bad weather. Even if the weather is bad, he can read the weather forecast and shift work hours ahead of time.6. Using the examples of the Venus flytrap and the sundew, describe two ways that carnivorous plants get their nutrients.In the lecture, the professor talks about two ways carnivorous plants capture insects. The first way is active trap. For example, Venus flytrap has some parts that can move to catch the prey Its leaves are hinged in the middle and the two parts of the leaves look like a mouth. Also its leaves have sweat nectar on them to attract the insects. When insects are attracted by the nectar and land on the leaves, the leaves spring shut and form little cages. Then Venus flytrap can digest the insects and get nutrients. The second way is passive trap. For example, the Sundew plant hasno moving parts. It also has sweet nectar on its leaves. But its leaves are full of little hairs. When insects land on the leaves, hairs can produce super sticky glue substance. So the insects get stuck on the leaves and then Sundew plant can digest the insects and absorb nutrients.。
新托福tpo23听力解释汇总
智课网 TOEFL 备考资料新托福 tpo23听力解释摘要:听力是很多考生都觉得很难的一个环节,大家都会选择 TPO 作为练习资料,但是 TPO 中有很多的难点, 很多考生都不是很理解,今天小编为大家整理新托福tpo23听力解释,大家一起来参考一下吧。
今天小编为大家准备新托福 tpo23听力解释,相信很多考生都对 TPO 的这个环节都有共识,今天小编为大家带来新托福 tpo23听力解释 +原文我们一起来看看吧。
听力原文 :Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.(female professorNow, plants, like animals, and like us for that matter, need nutrients, substances that provide nourishments, to survive, thrive and grow. We get our nutrients from the food we eat. Plants, though, most plants anyway, absorb their nutrients from the soil, right, through their root systems? OK, but there are plants that don’t get their nutrients from the soil. The places they grow the soil is bad. So they get their nutrients from insects instead, from trapping and digesting insects. They are called carnivorous plants.Carnivorous plants capture insects in different ways. They have different trapping mechanisms: active traps and passive traps. A plant with an active trap, a good example is the Venus flytrap. The Venus flytrap actually moves to capture its prey or parts of it anyway. Its leaves, it has special leaves that are hinged in the middle the two halves of the leaves open and close sort of like a mouth to catch insects. And on these leaves is a sweet nectar that attracts insects. Insects like the sweet stuff. And when they get lured in and land on the leaf, wham! The leaf springs shut. It’s an active trap. And the insectsprings it so to speak. The leaf quickly closes to form a little cage, trapping the insect between the leaves. The Venus flytrap is then able to digest the insect and get its nutrients.But other carnivorous plants, their methods are passive. They don’t have any moving parts to trap things. They have passive traps, like the sundew plant. The sundew plant also produces a sweet nectar that attracts insects. Its leaves are full of little hairs that secrete sweet substance. But what happens when insects land on sundew’s leaves to get the sweet nectar? Well, unfortunately for the in sects, the hairs on the leaves also produce a super sticky glue-like substance. So an insect get stuck and can’t fly away. It basically get glued there allowing the sundew to digest it and absorb nutrients.Question:Using the example of the Venus fly trap and the sundew, describe two ways that carnivorous plants get theirnutrients.范文一:In the lecture, the professor talks about two ways carnivorous plants capture insects. The first way is active trap. For example, Venus fly trap has some parts that can move to catch the prey its leaves are hinged in the middle and the two parts of the leaves look like a mouth. Also its leaves have sweat nectar on them to attract the insects. When insects areattracted by the nectar and land on the leaves, the leaves spring shut and form little cages. Then Venus fly trap can digest the insects and get nutrients. The second way is passive trap. For example, the Sundew plant has no moving parts. It also has sweet nectar on its leaves. But its leaves are full of little hairs. When insects land on the leaves, hairs can produce super sticky glue substance. So the insects get stuck on the leaves and then Sundew plant can digest the insects and absorb nutrients.范文二:The lecture introduces two ways that carnivorous plants get their nutrients. The first way is act ive traps, the plant’s body or part of its body moves to catch preys. Such as Venus flytrap, they have sweet nectar to lure insects and have leaves that can close like a mouth. When insects land on its leaves, the leaves close to form a cage and shut the insects inside. Then they will be able to digest the insects and get the nutrients. The second way is passive traps, such assundew plant. The sundew plant has sweet substance and sticky stuff on its leaves; insects that were attracted by the scent will get stuck on its leaves. In this way, they catch the insects to get the nutrients they need.以上就是小编为大家准备的新托福 tpo23听力解释的部分内容,考生们可以根据自己备考的情况进行索取哦, 更多的 TPO 解释还在等着你哦。
托福阅读TPO24答案解析
托福阅读答案1.traumatic受伤的，外伤的，不顺心的，所以正确答案是highly stressful。
原句说改变传统的大家庭居住模式到跟很多人一起住在镇上是怎么样的。
接着下句说没有人有跟很多人住在一起的经验，又说了其他很多问题，所以这个词一定是不好的，所以不是B就是D，而wise是原文没体现出来的，所以正确答案是B。
2.intense强大的，强烈的，紧张的，所以正确答案是strong。
原文说本地资源所受的压力是非常怎么样的，而且住在镇上卫生条件也不好，又是要一个不好的结论，所以questionable和deliberate完全不靠谱；obvious 压力很明显还不够，一定是鸭梨山大才行，所以正确答案是A。
3.如果这道题以十三世纪做关键词定位的话，读完第一句也不知道选哪个，因此用排除法较好。
A的chore做关键词定位至倒数第二句，但原文只是列举了chore，没说选项说的share，A错；B的dwelling和sidesofthecliffs 做关键词定位至第一句，但建在cliff的是pueblo，不是十三世纪之前，所以B错；C在原文中没有明确说明，但看首句会发现十三世纪变化了，十三世纪以后大家一起住，有很多问题，也就是说十三世纪之前大家都是自己住自己的，也就是C说的conduct their lives as they pleased，C正确；D原文完全没说，不选。
4.问全段的题，看头尾。
第一句说十三世纪人们的生活方式发生了变化，很多人都搬到了pueblo；而后半段从倒数第三句到最后都在说这种现象产生的一系列问题，所以是先陈述现象，后说这种现象产生的问题，答案是D。
A 的why those conditions get worse，B的present cultural condition和C的an alternativeexplanation 原文都没说。
5.以density做关键词定位至第二句，说经过若干代人口增长，density实在太大，使得pueblo成为一个不可避免的结果，所以正确答案是A，crowdinto collections of large housing units。
新托福TPO23阅读原文及译文(一)
新托福TPO23阅读原文(一)：Urban ClimatesTPO23-1：Urban ClimatesThe city is an extraordinary processor of mass and energy and has its own metabolism. A daily input of water, food, and energy of various kinds is matched by an output of sewage, solid waste, air pollutants, energy, and materials that have been transformed in some way. The quantities involved are enormous. Many aspects of this energy use affect the atmosphere of a city, particularly in the production of heat.In winter the heat produced by a city can equal or surpass the amount of heat available from the Sun. All the heat that warms a building eventually transfers to the surrounding air, a process that is quickest where houses are poorly insulated. But an automobile produces enough heat to warm an average house in winter, and if a house were perfectly insulated, one adult could also produce more than enough heat to warm it. Therefore, even without any industrial production of heat, an urban area tends to be warmer than the countryside that surrounds it.The burning of fuel, such as by cars, is not the only source of this increased heat. Two other factors contribute to the higher overall temperature in cities. The first is the heat capacity of the materials that constitute the city, which is typically dominated by concrete and asphalt. During the day, heat from the Sun can be conducted into these materials and stored—to be released at night. But in the countryside materials have a significantly lower heat capacity because a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out of the ground. The second factor is that radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways: (1) by a continuing series of reflection among the numerous vertical surfaces that buildings present and (2) by the dust dome, the cloudlike layer of polluted air that most cities produce. Shortwave radiation from the Sun passes through the pollution dome more easily than outgoing longwave radiation does; the latter is absorbed by the gaseous pollutants of the dome and reradiated back to the urban surface.Cities, then, are warmer than the surrounding rural areas, and together they produce a phenomenon known as the urban heat island. Heat islands develop bestunder particular conditions associated with light winds, but they can form almost any time. The precise configuration of a heat island depends on several factors. For example, the wind can make a heat island stretch in the direction it blows. When a heat island is well developed, variations can be extreme; in winter, busy streets in cities can be 1.7℃warmer than the side streets. Areas near traffic lights can be similarly warmer than the areas between them because of the effect of cars standing in traffic instead of moving. The maximum differences in temperature between neighboring urban and rural environments is called the heat-island intensity for that region. In general, the larger the city, the greater its heat-island intensity. The actual level of intensity depends on such factors as the physical layout, population density, and productive activities of a metropolis.The surface-atmosphere relationships inside metropolitan areas produce a number of climatic peculiarities. For one thing, the presence or absence of moisture is affected by the special qualities of the urban surface. With much of the built-up landscape impenetrable by water, even gentle rain runs off almost immediately from rooftops, streets, and parking lots. Thus, city surfaces, as well as the air above them, tend to be drier between episodes of rain; with little water available for the cooling process of evaporation, relative humidities are usually lower. Wind movements are also modified in cities because buildings increase the friction on air flowing around them. This friction tends to slow the speed of winds, making them far less efficient at dispersing pollutants. On the other hand, air turbulence increases because of the effect of skyscrapers on airflow. Rainfall is also increased in cities. The cause appears to be in part greater turbulence in the urban atmosphere as hot air rises from the built-up surface.TPO23-1译文：城市气候城市是一个物质和能量的巨大处理器，拥有自己的新陈代谢。
单词表TPO24
TPO 24 Conversation 1clerk [klɝk] n. 职员；办事员undergrad [ˈʌndɚˌɡræd] n. 大学生shipment ['ʃɪpmənt] n. 货物database [ˈdetəˌbes] n. 数据库graduate ['ɡrædʒuət]adj. 毕业的misspell [ˌmɪs'spel]v. 拼错Lecture 1reptile ['rɛptaɪl] n. 爬行动物crocodile ['krɑkə'daɪl] n. 鳄鱼solitary ['sɑlətɛri] n. 独居者，隐士swamp [swɑmp] n. 沼泽；湿地creature ['kritʃɚ] n. 生物isolated ['aɪsəletɪd] adj. 孤立的；单独的vocalization [ˌvəukəlaizeiʃən] n. 发声alligator ['ælɪɡetɚ] n. 短吻鳄breed [brid] v. 繁殖chorus ['kɔrəs] n. 合唱grunt [ɡrʌnt] n. 咕哝distress [dɪ'strɛs] v. 使苦恼；使痛苦hatchling [ˈhætʃlɪŋ] n. 刚孵化的小动物muffled [ ˈmʌfld] adj. (指声音)听不清的；低沉的vulnerable ['vʌlnərəbl] adj. 易受伤害的；脆弱的vigil ['vɪdʒɪl] n. 守夜；值夜clamor [ˈklæmɚ] v. 喧嚷squeak [skwik] v. 吱吱叫defeat [dɪ'fit] v. 战胜；打败youngster ['jʌŋstɚ] n. 年青人；少年sophistication [sə,fɪstɪ'keʃən] n. 复杂性instinct ['ɪnstɪŋkt] adj.充满的sibling ['sɪblɪŋ] n. 兄弟姐妹interact [ˌɪntər'ækt]v. 相互影响attract [ə'trækt]v. 吸引Lecture 2ballet ['bæle] n. 芭蕾舞theatrical [θɪ'ætrɪkl] adj. 剧场的receptive [rɪ'sɛptɪv] adj. 易接受的analogy [ə'nælədʒi] n. 相似；类似predecessor ['prɛdəsɛsɚ] n. 原有事物improvisational [ˌimprəvai'zeiʃənəl] adj. 即兴的intangible [ɪn'tændʒəbl/] adj. 无形的attribute [ə'trɪbjut] n. 标志；特征pioneer [ˌpaɪə'nɪr] n. 开拓者；先驱recital [rɪ'saɪtl] n. 详述loosely [ˈluslɪ] adv. 松弛地dictate ['dɪktet] v. 决定，影响ballerina [ˌbælə'rinə] n. 芭蕾舞女演员bun [bʌn] n. 圆发髻rigid ['rɪdʒɪd] adj. 坚硬的toeshoe ['təuʃu:] n. 芭蕾舞鞋tunic ['tʊnɪk] n. 束腰外衣；短上衣adore [ə'dɔr] v. 爱慕；崇拜pantomime ['pæntəmaɪm] n. 哑剧；童话剧rebellion [rɪ'bɛljən] n. 反抗restrictive [rɪ'strɪktɪv] adj. 限制的；拘束的renowned [rɪˈnaʊnd] adj. 有名的；有声誉的appall [ə'pɔl] v. 使... 胆寒；使... 惊骇tiptoe ['tɪpto] n. 脚尖acrobatics [ˌækrə'bætɪks] n. 杂技；技巧excruciating [ɪk'skruʃɪetɪŋ] adj. 极痛苦的rivalry ['raɪvlri] n. 竞争；对抗classical ['klæsɪkl]adj. 古典的tradition [trə'dɪʃn]n. 传统costume ['kɑːstuːm]n. 服装bare [ber]adj. 赤裸的Conversation 2vapor ['vepɚ] n. 蒸汽；水蒸汽precipitation [prɪ'sɪpə'teʃən] n. 冰雹evaporation [ɪˌvæpəˈreʃən] n. 蒸发condensation [ˌkɑndɛn'seʃən] n. 凝结topography [tə'pɑgrəfi] n. 地形学valley ['væli] n. 山谷；溪谷hemisphere ['hɛmɪsfɪr] n. 半球arctic ['ɑrktɪk] adj. 北极的；极寒的shore [ʃɔr] n. 岸extended [ɪk'stendɪd]adj. 长期的stuff [stʌf]n. 东西moisture ['mɔɪstʃər]n. 水分condense [kən'densɪz]v. 浓缩pile up 堆积，积累Lecture 3archaeology [ˌɑrkɪ'ɑlədʒi] n. 考古学mammoth ['mæməθn. 长毛象；猛犸tusk [tʌsk] n. 长牙；獠牙camel ['kæml] n. 骆驼sloth [sloθ] n. 树獭spear [spɪr] n. 矛；标枪debris [də'bri] n. 碎片；残骸moderate ['mɑdərət] adj. 适度的；温和的horizontal ['hɔrə'zɑntl] adj. 水平的；横的tundra ['tʌndrə] n. 苔原nudge [nʌdʒ] v. 推进herd [hɝd] n. 牧人scenario [sə'nærɪo] n. 剧本；情节梗概substitute ['sʌbstɪtut] n. 代用品giant ['dʒaɪənt] ajd. 巨大的creature ['kriːtʃər] n. 生物extinction [ɪk'stɪŋkʃn] n. 消失variety [və'raɪəti] n. 种类available [ə'veɪləbl] adj. 可利用的diversity [daɪ'vɜːrsəti] n. 多样性previous ['priːviəs] adj. 以前的significant [sɪɡ'nɪfɪkənt] adj. 显著的Lecture 4astronomy [ə'strɑnəmi] n. 天文学unresolved [ˌʌnrɪ'zɑlvd] adj. 未解决的；未分解的canyon [ˈkænjən] n. 峡谷rip [rɪp] v. 撕裂；扯开crater ['kretɚ] n. 坑lava ['lɑvə] n. 熔岩；火山岩dome [dom] n. 圆形的火山口shield [ʃild] n. 盾；盾状物magma ['moltən] n.岩浆molten ['moltən] adj. 熔化的；炽热的slope [slop] v. 倾斜warrior ['wɔrɪɚ] n. 勇士；战士strata ['strætɚ] n. 地层tectonic [tɛk'tɑnɪk] adj. 地壳构造的crust [krʌst] n. 外壳cluster ['klʌstɚ] v. 群集；丛生discrete [dɪ'skrit] adj. 不连续的；分离的random ['rændəm] adj. 任意的；随机的scatter ['skætɚ] v. 散播；撒Venus n. 金星lubricate ['lubrɪket] v. 润滑；加润滑剂sulfur ['sʌlfɚ] n. 硫(磺)fluctuation [ˌflʌktʃʊˈeʃən] n. 波动；起伏eruption [ɪ'rʌpʃən] n. 爆发；喷发emit [ɪ'mɪt] v. 发出intriguing [ɪnˈtri:gɪŋ] adj. 有趣的conclusion [kən'kluːʒn] n. 结论satellite ['sætəlaɪt] n. 卫星soviet ['soʊviet] adj. 苏联的photograph ['foʊtəɡræf] n. 照片shield [ʃiːld]n. 盾状物volcano [vɑːl'keɪnoʊ]n. 火山specific [spə'sɪfɪk] adj. 特殊的zone [zoʊn] n. 地带release [rɪ'liːs]v. 释放in advance 提前；预先sell out 卖完calm down (使)平静；(使)安静back and forth 来回地；反复地。
托福阅读错题总结
托福阅读错题总结：改变计划——从第一套开始做！TPO24：细节题做完以后，通读文章，了解全文的结构和主要内容层次一、Lake Water2、辞汇题gains：这里是增量的概念所以应该是increase，而不是存量的概念savings8、比较细节题：弄清A比B仍是B比A，Lake Erie 体积小，选择表述相反但正确。
11、解释现象题：定位前后句，前面一句是：Climatic change影响很大，后面一句是：The slowing down of water renewal leads to a chain of further consequences，由further可以推知The slowing down of water renewal也是前面现象的原因14、归纳多选题：太细节的不选，没有提到的不选，选项一般是文章几个层次的内容。
同一部份的内容不可能选两个答案。
二、Breathing During Sleep7、注意题目中的限定during NREM，和文章中的比较转折（往后看）13、归类题：要理解文章的主要内容，对各部份的内容都要熟悉三、Moving into Pueblos1、辞汇题：traumatic，外力的，受迫的3、理解推断题：要理解原文想要表达的意思，原来加倍自由5、细节题：定位对应段的内容，同义句的替换14、归纳多选题：表述过于绝对的选项是不正确的TPO23：定位，理解，替换（分析定位句，转换含义），不要多想（文中没提到的绝对不选）一、Urban Climates11、辞汇题：modified（改良的——changed）中性的改变，increased修饰不合理。
定位原句：Wind movements are also modified in cities because buildings increase the friction on air flowing around them. This friction tends to slow the speed of winds。