以《哈克贝利费恩历险记》为例分析马克吐温的写作风格大学论文

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马克吐温的写作风格以《哈克贝利弗恩历险记》为例

中国地质大学江城学院An Analysis of the Writing Styles ofMark Twain-----The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn姓名：专业：英语班级：学号：授课教师：摘要：马克·吐温,美国作家。

本名塞谬尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯。

马克·吐温是其笔名。

出生于密西西比河畔小城汉尼拔的一个乡村贫穷律师家庭. 美国现实主义者作家的杰出代表和幽默家，马克·吐温写的作品通常是关于他个人的经验和他从第一手的经验所知道的事。

马克吐温所创造的有史以来最好的作品 -----《哈克贝利·芬历险记》。

它讲述了1850年左右。

故事发生在无人居住的荒野和森林茂密的密西西比河沿岸。

故事是描写小顽童哈克遇到逃离主人的小黑奴吉姆，两人为了躲避一场杀人误会，乘坐一条小木筏沿著密西西比河顺流而下，碰到了各种有趣的遭遇。

而哈克为了应否协助黑奴逃亡也时常内心交战，最后，哈克改变自己对黑人的偏见，竭尽所能地帮助吉姆，并和吉姆成为了好朋友。

马克·吐温的传世佳作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》，为美国小说的语言带来意义深远的变化，奠定了美国文学口语化风格的基础。

它文笔清新，不事雕琢，词汇和句法简单朴素，语言直接、准确、简明，颇有浑然天成的意味；长句极其少见，句子多为简单句或并列复合句，有时甚至不合语法规则。

而且字句和结构重复出现，使文字生动活泼，获得回旋复沓、蕴涵幽深的效果。

马克·吐温的风格开创了美国小说语言口语化的先河，对后世作家产生了巨大影响。

全篇的现实主义描绘和浪漫主义抒情交相辉映，尖锐深刻的揭露、幽默辛辣的讽刺以及浪漫传奇的描写浑然一体，形成了马克·吐温独特的艺术风格。

关键词：马克·吐温《哈克贝利弗恩历险记》写作风格通俗语讽刺影响AbstractMark Twain, pseudorym of Samuel Langhone Clemens, was brought up in the town of Hannibal, Missouri, near the Mississi ppi River. As one of America‟s first and foremost realists and humorists, Mark Twain usually wrote about his own personal experiences and things he knew about from firsthand experience. His life spanned the two Americas, the frontier America and the emerging urban, industrial giant of the twenty-century.The best work that Mark Twain ever produced is《The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn》. It tells a story about the United States before the Civil War, around 1850.The story takes place along the Mississippi River, on both sides of which there was unpopulated wilderness and a dense forest. It relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and, more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with him and helping him as best he could, changes his mind, his prejudice about black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friend as well.The famous masterpiece 《The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn》，has brought significant change to the American novel ,and laid the foundation of the American literary colloquial style. Its pure and fresh and writing style,Write in an inornate style, using simple vocabulary and syntax , direct, precise and concise language, quite have integrated with mean; Direct and accurate, concise language, which is quite unaware tiancheng imply. He scarcely use long sentence, mostly are simple sentence or tied for complex sentences, and sometimes the sentences even not grammar rules. Letters and structure used repeatly, which make the characters lively, get swing after moving swiftly enough, contain a deep effect. Mark Twain was the pionner who started use colloquia in the novel , which has a great influence on the latter writers.Sharply exposed ,humor and bitter irony ,and romantic legend depictions of one integrated mass, Form the Mark Twain unique artistic style.Key words:Mark Twain The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn writing style Colloquial Language Satire influence目录1、Abstract2、Bibliography2.1 Baym Nina：The Norton Anthology of American Literature, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc, 19982.2 Forrest G. Robinson：The Cambridge Companion To Mark Twain，Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press3、Analyzing Two Writing Styles of Mark Twain3.1Vernacular and Colloquial Language in The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn3.2 Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn3.3 A Combination of Colloquial Language and Satire4、The Significance of Mark Twain’s Writing Styles5、ConclusionC C O O N N T T E E N N T T S SAnalyzing Two Writing Styles of Mark Twain (in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) Mark Twain was the first important writer to consistently use the American speech rather than England‟s English. His honor, whether it was aim ed at pure entertainment or at social satire, was irresistible. His realism, and details influenced many later American novelists. That was why Ernest Hemingway once said “all modern American literatures came from one book written by Mark Twain called The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” And it became Twain‟s masterpiece. Mark Twain‟s three years‟ life on that returned to the Mississippi left such a fond memory with him that returned to the theme more than once in his writing career. Huckleberry Finn is a v eritable recreation of living models, and is Huck‟s book, not Jim‟s. The two major characters, Huck and Jim, represent the two sides of the dilemma: Huck strikes out for an absolute freedom, while Jim requires, in order to gain his own freedom, that Huck q ualify his freedom by entering into the pursuit of Jim‟s. It starts out as a comedy , an …As You Like It‟ with a hero drawn from the bottom of society rather than the top. Huck and his father, Jim, the swindlers(the Duke and the Dauphin), colonel sherburn and the drunkard Boggy-all these characters prototypes in real life. The portrayal of individual incidents and characters achieved intense verisimilitude of detail. Serious problems are being discussed through the narration of a little illiterate boy. The fact that the wilderness juxtaposed with civilization, the people half wild and half civilized, many of whom are worse, vulgar, are brutal. As for the style of the book, the form is based on the simplest of all novel-forms, the so-called picaresque novel, or novel of the road, which strings its incidents on the line of the hero‟s travels. But, in this novel, rivers are roads that move, and the movement of the road in its own mysterious life transmutes the primitive simplicity of the from: the road itself is the greatest character in this novel of the road, and the hero‟s departures from the river and his returns to it compose a subtle and significant pattern. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn shows us the major achievements of his art: the masterful use of dialects; humor and pathos,innocence and evil. This novel demonstrates his ability to capture the enduring, archetypal, mythic images of America and to create the most memorable characters in all of American fiction.Use of Colloquial LanguageThe book is written in a colloquial style, in the general standard speech of uneducated Americans. Moreover, the prose of Huckleberry Finn established the prose virtues of American colloquial speech. It has something to do with ease and freedom in the use of language. Most of all, it has to do with the structure of the sentence, which is simple, direct, and fluent, maintaining the rhythm of the word‟s group of speech and the intonations of the speaking voice. Mark Twain‟s colloquial style has influenced a large number of American writers.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn displays the major achievements of his art: the carefully controlled point of view, with its implicit ironies expressed through the voice of a semiliterate boy: the masterful use of dialects: the felicitous balancing of nostalgic humorist and realism, humor and pathos, innocence and evil, all united for a journey down the Mississippi that serves as the mythic center of the novel. This novel demonstrates his ability to capture the enduring, archetypal, mythic images of America and to create the most memorable characters in all of American fiction. Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnSatire is a way of criticizing people or ideas in a humorous way to show that they have faults or are wrong, or a piece of writing or play, which uses this style. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain shows satire on southern culture before the civil war, when the Mississippi valley was still being settled. Twain blended two different subjects, the experience of westward expansion and the experience of southern slavery. And he wrote about both regains of the country. His attitudes toward the south were much less pleasant than his attitudes toward the west, because he confronted the south problem of slave of mistreatment of humans by humans. Through the change of the white boy Huck‟s attitude toward Jim, a runaway black slave, Twain condemned racial discrimination. Twain made fun of typical American values, yet underneath he felt a brooding pessimism not only about American valuablebut also about life itself. It was a dreadful thing to see Human beings be awful cruel to one another. Due to Twain‟s own experience, satire is successfully used in this novel. There‟s one significant scene which should be r emembered, Huck Finn witnesses many instances of cruelty, brutality and hypocrisy in the township along the river Here are four points about his satire in this novel.Vernacular LanguageMark Twain wrote in his unpretentious, colloquial, and poetic style. He used vernacular language, dialect with spelling representing pronunciation. Part of this comes from his interest in humor. The directness of the language is a very influential point in Twain‟s style. Ernest Hemingway in the 20th century said that h e had learnt his craft from Mark Twain because if the direct speech and the direct narration that Twain was able to achieve. The hoax and tall tale are also part of twain‟s style. Hoax is writing something fantastic and pretending that it were true, much like the tall tale. It tolls as if it were true, and so the reader would laugh that any body could believe such preposterous things, the burlesque making fun of establishes ways of writing. Mark Twain said, “I amend dialect stuff by talking and talking i t till it sounds right.” He wanted his writing to have the sound of easy-going speech. In Huckleberry Finn the fountainhead of the American colloquial prose, he wrote seven different dialects and each can be distinguished. If the reader is a linguist, he can examine the different pronunciations that Twain has shown. In his own time, dialect writing was considered humorous. People got a big laugh out of reading these misspell words. Another feature of the book, which helps to make it famous is its language. The book is written in the colloquial style in the general standard speech of uneducated Americans.. Mark Twain‟s introductory note on accents is an indication of his conscious attempt to achieve accurate detail. “In this book,” he says, “a number of dialects are used, to wit: the Missouri Negro dialect; the extreme forms of the backwoods southwestern dialect; the ordinary …pike country‟ dialect; and four modified varieties of this last. The shadings have not been done in a haphazard fashion, or by guesswork; but painstakingly, and with the trustworthy guidance andsupport of personal familiarity, with these several forms of speech.” “Painstaking ” and “not haphazard,” though they possess a humorous ring, denote the conscientious effort on the part of the au thor, and trustworthiness and familiarity and the author‟s awareness of dialects in using which reveal his attempt to reproduce actual daily speech with a degree of accuracy. A recent and very influential recasting of Huck‟s vernacular voice has identified. We may quote a passage from this masterpiece as an illustration:“I took the sack of corn meal and took it to where the canoe was hid, and shoved the vines and branches apart and put it in; then I done the same with the side of bacon; then the whisky-jug. I took all the coffee and sugar there was, and all the ammunition;I took the wadding; I took the bucket and gourd; took a dipper and a tin cup, and my old son and two blankets, and the skillet and the coffee-pot/ I took fish lines and matches and other things- everything that was worth a cent. I cleaned out the place I wanted an ax, but there wasn‟t any, only the one out at woodpile, and I know why I was going to leave that. I fetched out the gun, and now I was done.”The words used here are, p erhaps “ammunition” which is etymologically French, mostly Anglo-Saxon in origin, and are short, concrete and direct in effect. Sentence structures are most of them simple or compound, with a series of “then” and “ands” and semi-colons serving as connectiv es. The repetition of the word “took” and the stringing together of things leave the impression that Mark Twain depend solely on the concrete object and action for the body and movement of his prose. What is more, there is an ungrammatical element, which gives the final finish to his style. The whole book approximates the actual speech habit of an uneducated boy from south American of the mid-nineteenth century.The vernacular language in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn initiated the new style of language in American novels, and has had significant influence upon American writers of later generations.A Combination of Colloquial Language and SatireTo sum up, fundamentally, Twain is a great American writer. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an outstanding novel; one of the most successful writing styles is a combination of colloquial language and satire. In fact, most of Twain‟s works are the combination of bothcolloquial language and satire, but The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was a case in point. On the other hand, it is his masterpiece as a humorist while the novel also can be eyed as a satire on sentimentality and Romanticism on the other. We have ever seen colloquial language and satire in some works, but no one‟s writing is so appropriate like Twain‟s. It displays American culture out of the ordinary and the attitude toward the entire society. In this book, the author use the first character to narrate, meanwhile colloquial language as the main writing language has come into the stage, in order to have the effect on vivid writing, satire is come out. In this situation, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn displays the major achievements of his art: writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense scrutiny of complex human experience.The Significance of Mark Twain’s Writing StylesColloquial language and satire are so important in this novel. This image of the quintessential American writing is not really literary goes along with a vision of the great American novel but as a sort of spontaneous telling of unmediated experience. In the same passage Hemingway explains that he has never been able to read Thoreau for being unable to read literary naturalists, only those who are extremely accurate. There aren‟t nothing more to write about, and I am rotten glad of it, remarks Huck at the end of his story. The heart of Twain‟s achievement is his creation of Huck Finn, who embodies that mythic America, midway between the wilderness and the modern super state. That was why Ernest Hemingway once said “all modern American literatures came from one book written by Mark Twain called The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” And it became Twain‟s masterpiece. In short, neither enlightenment nor retrospection elevates the style or the philosophy of Huckleberry Finn‟s narrator into the high culture that has placed the work itself at its pinnacle. ConclusionAs one of America‟s first and foremost realists and humorists, Mark Twain usually wrote about his own personal experiences and things he knew about from firsthand experience. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is Twain‟s best book because, for whatever reasons, he brought together in it, with the highest degree of artistic balance, those most fundamental dualities running through his work and life from start to finish. Most of all it has to do with the structure of the sentence, which is simple, direct, and fluent, maintaining the rhythm of the word‟s group of speech and the intonations of the speaking voice. Mark Twain‟s colloquial sty le has influenced a large number of American writers. Twain depicted mostly the lower class of society. Meanwhile, local color mixed romantic plots with realistic descriptions of things which were readily observed, i.e. with the customs, dialects, sights, smell and sounds of regional America. Twain shows satire on southern culture before the civil war, when the Mississippi valley was still being settled. Twain blended two different subjects, the experience of westward expansion and the experience of southern slavery. His contribution to the development of realism and to American literature as a whole was partly through his colloquialism and satire. Commenting on Mark Twain as a social critic, Philip Foner observes that Twain‟s social criticism ranks with tha t of Milton, Swift, Defoe, and Bernard Shaw both in literary quality and influence on public opinion, and that it is an important part of Twain‟s bequest. In this novel, one of the most successful writing styles is a combination of colloquial language and satire, it displays the major achievements of his art: writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense scrutiny of complex human experience. It is only right that Mark Twain should be remembered both as a great literary artistand a great social critic in the history of the United States.。

从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温小说的写作风格

从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温小说的写作风格（作者:___________单位: ___________邮编: ___________）摘要：马克吐温，美国的幽默大师，十九世纪伟大的作家，现实主义文学的杰出代表，其作品融幽默与辛辣于一体，极富于独特的个人机智与妙语，又不发深刻的社会洞察与剖析，在小说创作方面为美国乃至世界树立了一座新的里程碑。

马克吐温一生创作了大量的作品,其中,《哈克贝利费恩历险记》是他杰出的代表作之一。

本文通过对《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中主人公的冒险经历而体现资产阶级生活方式的腐朽和蓄奴制度的罪恶。

从故事结构、故事主题、人物刻画和语言描写等方面探析这部作品独特的写作风格。

关键词：艺术特点; 情节; 人物刻画; 写作说法; 幽默一、引言《哈克贝利费恩历险记》发生在美国19 世纪50 年代南北战争之后的密西西比河沿岸，故事讲述的是白人孩子哈克和黑奴吉姆如何结下了深厚的友谊。

小说以冒险经历为线索，讲述了反抗拘束，向往自由的白人小孩哈克和试图逃脱奴隶买卖的黑奴吉姆两人结伴沿密西西比河顺流而下，历经各种磨难，寻求心中自由之地的故事。

这部长篇小说无论在写作结构、主题、还是人物刻画和语言等方面都凸显了马克吐温的独特风格，展现了他不受拘束，追求自由的精神境界。

他擅长使用幽默和讽刺，针砭时弊时一针见血，毫不留情，其创作将现实主义的刻画和浪漫主义的抒情和谐地统一。

所以说这部小说比较全面地体现了马克吐温创作的艺术魅力。

二、写作风格分析1. 幽默和辛辣的讽刺融为一体马克吐温开始创作时，正是美国文学中幽默文学的鼎盛时期，他凭借着自己丰富的生活阅历，锐利的眼光，犀利的笔锋，透过那些表面荒谬可笑的现象洞悉事物的内在本质。

所以说他的创作实践不是单纯地为了幽默而幽默，而是将其视为一种抨击当时美国社会不合理社会现实的一种手段。

如：马克吐温描写了国王公爵两个骗子丑陋而滑稽的表演。

他们为了诈取别人的钱财，竟然在光天化日之下干出肆无忌惮而又寡廉鲜耻的勾当：这两个骗子搭起一座戏台，说什么要为大家比哦啊眼从来没有见过的最惊心动魄的好戏。

从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温的写作风格 Analysis of the Writing Styles of Mark Twain in the Ad

从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温的写作风格Analysis of the Writing Styles of Mark Twain in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn从《哈克贝利??费恩历险记》看马克??吐温的写作风格Analysis of the Writing Styles of Mark Twainin the Adventures of Huckleberry FinnAbstractMark Twain, father of modern American literature, is an outstanding representative of American writers of realism in the nineteenth century. He is both a master of humor and a great novelist and establishes a new milestone for America and the world in the field of literature. As the masterpiece of Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn marks the cli of Twain’s literary creativity. Hemingway once described the novel the one book from which “all modern American literature comes.” For more than one century, this novel has been listed in the canon of great novels. Works and articles of criticism on this novel have been numerous.On the textual analysis of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, this paper is intended to study the writing Styles of Mark Twain. In this novel, one of the most successful writing styles is a combination of colloquial language and satire. At the same time, the novel is also noted for itsunpretentious, poetic style, wide-ranging humor, and its universally shared dream of perfect innocence and freedom. All these writing styles have been analyzed in this paper.Key Words：Mark Twain; The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn; the writing styles内容摘要马克??吐温（1835―1910）是美国十九世纪伟大的作家，也是美国现实主义文学的杰出代表。

浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的叙事手法

浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的叙事手法《哈克贝利费恩历险记》是马克·吐温创作的一部描写美国南方农村生活的经典小说。

小说通过主人公哈克贝利·费恩的视角，展现了他的成长历程以及对社会问题的思考。

在这部小说中，吐温巧妙地运用了多种叙事手法，为读者呈现了一个生动而深刻的故事。

本文将对《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的叙事手法进行浅析。

首先，吐温在小说中运用了第一人称叙事的手法。

整个故事都是通过哈克贝利·费恩的视角来展开的，读者可以跟随他的思维和感受一同体验他的历险之旅。

第一人称叙事使得故事更具有亲近感和真实感，读者能够更好地理解和感同身受哈克的内心世界。

通过哈克的眼睛，读者可以看到种族歧视、人性善恶等社会问题的揭露和批判，深刻地反映了当时美国社会的现实。

另外，吐温还采用了对话的方式进行叙事。

小说中充满了各种角色之间的对话，这样的叙事形式使得故事更加生动活泼。

通过对话，读者可以更加直观地了解人物之间的关系以及他们的性格特点。

同时，对话也是作者表达思想观点的重要手段，通过角色之间的对白，吐温巧妙地传达了自己对社会现象的看法和思考，使得故事更加有力度和说服力。

此外，吐温还常常使用夸张和幽默的手法来叙事。

他通过夸张的细节和离奇的情节，为读者创造了一个充满幻想和想象力的世界。

比如，在小说中，哈克和吉姆一同逃亡时，遇到了种种奇幻的事情，这些情节给读者带来了欢乐和惊喜。

吐温的幽默语言和调侃的笔调也成为了小说的一大特点，为整个故事增添了许多轻松和愉快的氛围。

最后，吐温还善于利用描写的手法来叙事。

在书中，他对自然景物、人物形象和社会背景进行了生动而详细的描绘。

通过精彩而细致的描写，读者可以身临其境地感受到哈克的冒险过程，感受到他的忐忑不安和胆怯。

同时，这些描写也为整个故事提供了丰富的背景和细节，使得读者更能够真切地理解和体验故事的情节。

综上所述，《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的叙事手法丰富多样，构建了一个鲜活的故事世界。

从《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》看马克.吐温作品中的美国地方特色主义理念的体现

从《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》看马克.吐温作品中的美国地方特色主义理念的体现2010-10-13 地方特色主义是19世纪中晚期在美国南方作家中流行的一种写作风格。

这种风格的产生依赖于大量使用特定地区方言俚语、地方生活习惯及情景。

在《崩溃的偶像》里,哈姆林·加兰将地方特色注意定义为"这样的结构和背景是没有任何地方的任何人可以准确地描绘出来的,除了土生土长的美国人"。

加兰所说的"结构"是指具有本土文化特征的元素,"背景"包括自然背景和哪些与众不同的而且塑造了人类思想和行为的风貌。

地方特色主义的最终目标是将本土世界的特点描述出来,使之与外面的世界区分开来。

到1880年,这类题材的小说达到了大众喜欢的最高峰。

著名乡土文学专家马克·吐温的作品《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》(1884)被称为美国第一步伟大的小说,并且是第一步用方言写作的小说。

该小说真实展示和演绎了密西西比河沿岸的人和物,以第一人称的角度描述了白人孩子哈克帮助黑人逃奴获得自由地历险经历。

自1884年第一次出版,该书就取得巨大成功并一直被认为是西方文学与文明的巨著之一,同时也是地方特色主义文学的经典之作。

在这部小数里,吐温在人物形象、语言特色和主题思想三个方面,都体现了他的地方特色主义的理念。

一、人物形象——变首先选择13岁左右的白人少年哈克和黑奴吉姆作为小说的主人公本身就是一种突破,是非常有意义的。

哈克从小没有受过家庭、学校和社会的教育,是真正的放荡不羁的角色;而吉姆是勇敢坚强、忠诚无私、向往自由的黑人形象。

这样的主要人物形象在当时的主流小说里并不常见,但却是当时动乱的美国南部密西西比河地区人们的一些缩影。

故事发生在大约1850年美国内战前夕,那时人们正移居到密西西比山谷中,这里的美国充满着暴力和残酷,然而却仍保留着"一些简单、天真和安宁"。

在哈克生活的这个密西西比河岸的小镇,人们有着小地方主义的保守和狭隘。

从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温的人道主义

从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温的人道主义从《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》看马克·吐温的人道主义马克·吐温是美国文学史上最具影响力的作家之一，他的作品以幽默、讽刺和人性深思著称。

《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是他最著名的作品之一，通过描述小说中主人公哈克的冒险经历，吐温揭示了当时美国社会的丑陋面貌，并深刻表达了他的人道主义观点。

在小说中，哈克是一个孤儿，成长于一个落后、种族歧视严重的南方城镇。

小说以他与逃离奴隶制的吉姆一起展开的冒险为线索，探讨了种族歧视、奴隶制度以及人性的诸多问题。

吐温通过哈克的经历，揭示了当时社会的不公正和偏见，并倡导了人道主义思想。

首先，吐温通过描写哈克与吉姆之间的友谊，表达了对人性的关怀和尊重。

哈克和吉姆来自不同的社会阶层和种族，他们的友谊被社会所不容，但哈克在吉姆身上看到了对方的善良和真实的自我。

吉姆为哈克默默付出，即使在哈克对吉姆的身份产生怀疑时，吉姆始终保持善良和慈爱。

通过这种纯真而真挚的友谊，吐温呼吁人们超越种族和社会框架，以人性的善良和真诚来对待他人。

其次，吐温通过描绘南方社会的黑暗面，抨击了奴隶制度和种族歧视。

小说中，哈克亲眼目睹了黑奴吉姆受到的不公正和残酷对待。

吉姆被视为财产，缺乏基本的人权和尊严。

吐温用生动细腻的笔触描写了吉姆的苦难和内心挣扎，揭示了奴隶制度对人性的摧残。

通过这种描写，吐温激发了读者对人道主义的思考，强调了奴隶制度的残酷和种族歧视的错误。

最后，吐温通过哈克的成长和思考，反思了道德价值观和社会偏见。

哈克在冒险过程中经历了一系列的考验和困惑，他开始质疑当时社会的价值观和道德准则。

哈克逐渐认识到，许多社会规范和传统观念并不一定是正确和公正的。

他勇敢地选择了根据自己的良知行事，帮助吉姆逃离奴隶制度的束缚。

吐温通过哈克的成长和觉醒，表达了自己对人性和正义的理解和坚持。

综上所述，马克·吐温在《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中展现了他的人道主义思想。

《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》写作风格赏析

《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》写作风格赏析第一篇：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》写作风格赏析《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》写作风格赏析《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》描述了白人孩子哈克和黑奴吉姆如何结下深厚友谊的故事。

哈克为了逃避酒鬼父亲的虐待，逃到小岛上，巧遇逃奴吉姆，两人于是结伴而行，试图从密西西比河上逃往北方的自由州。

哈克受反动教育影响，觉得不应该帮助逃奴，但是在后来的漂流生活中，逐渐被吉姆善良无私的性格所感动，表示宁肯冒着下地狱的危险，也要帮助吉姆得到自由。

他们一路上历尽艰险，遭遇民队的追捕、骗子的虐待以及各种自然灾害。

在两人的同心协力下，所有艰险均被化解。

最终，哈克在好朋友汤姆的帮助下救出了被骗子卖掉的吉姆，并得知女主人在遗嘱中已宣布解除吉姆的奴隶身份。

小说中，马克·吐温借哈克之口，直观具体地叙述孩子的真实感受，自己并没有站出来宣讲主题、表明倾向。

这样，不同读者对作品的倾向有了不同的理解，对小说中的暗示、象征也作了不同的阐释。

所以，这部小说也比较全面地体现了马克·吐温创作的艺术魅力。

首先，作品通过主人公的“游记”经历反映了当时社会的阴暗面。

在小说中，平静清新、生机勃勃的密西西比河与河岸上的世俗刻板、虚伪冷酷构成了鲜明对比：木筏上的逍遥惬意，河岸上的奔波劳碌；哈克与吉姆之间相互尊重、平等不分种族、患难与共不分彼此的友谊，河岸上种族、地位等世俗上的欺诈争斗等等，通过游记过程中的对比，凸现了河岸生活所代表的当时所谓的文明社会的阴暗面。

比如人与人之间的冷漠、尔虞我诈，骗子敲诈欺骗，流氓火拼，世仇械斗，地头蛇枪杀无辜，小混混热衷闹事等等，一副社会全景就在哈克与吉姆的旅途中展现出来了。

马克·吐温的艺术才华是多方面的。

小说的艺术描写表现了他独特的艺术风格。

最突出的就是“马克·吐温式的幽默”———含有深刻的讽刺和批判的成份，并服从于刻画特殊人物需要的幽默。

从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温小说的艺术特点

Part Six
社会讽刺和批判
《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的社会讽刺和批判分析
讽刺了种族歧视和奴隶制
批判了社会道德和宗教虚伪
揭示了社会不公和人性弱点
通过幽默和夸张手法强化讽刺和批判效果
马克吐温如何通过社会讽刺和批判展现艺术特点
讽刺手法：通过对社会现象的夸张和扭曲，揭示了社会的丑恶和不公
主题和情节
《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的主题和情节分析
主题：揭示了社会现实和人性的弱点
情节：哈克贝利和吉姆的逃亡之旅，展现温如何通过情节展现艺术特点
情节曲折多变，引人入胜幽默诙谐，讽刺意味十足人物形象鲜明，个性突出语言简练明快，富有表现力
Part Four
添加章节标题
Part Two
引言
《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的背景和影响
创作背景：马克吐温对奴隶制度的痛恨和社会道德的批判
主题思想：对自由、民主和人性的追求
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
作品影响：对美国文学和世界文学的深远影响
艺术特色：独特的叙事风格和幽默讽刺手法
马克吐温小说的艺术特点概述
胜。
批判现实主义：马克吐温的作品深刻地揭示了当时美国社会的种种弊端，通过讽刺和批判来反映
现实。
人物塑造多样化：马克吐温的小说中人物形象各具特色，他通过描绘不同的人物性格和命运来反映
社会现实。
叙事技巧高超：马克吐温的小说在叙事上采用了多种手法，如倒叙、闪回等，使得故事情节更加紧凑、引人入胜。
幽默讽刺：马克吐温的小说常常以幽默诙谐的语言，揭示社会的荒诞和不合理现象。人物刻画：马克吐温善于刻画人物形象，通过人物塑造反映社会现实。叙事风格：他的小说采用独特的叙事方式，语言简洁明快，情节紧凑引人入胜。社会批判：马克吐温的作品常常对当时的社会制度、道德观念和种族歧视进行批判。

读书心得——从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温的写作手法

读书心得——从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温的写作手法1 马克·吐温1.1 马克·吐温与其经历马克·吐温在密苏里州靠近密西西比河的汉尼拔镇长大。

因为父亲去世，他十二岁的时候离开了学校。

他先后做过印刷工的学徒，流浪印刷工，银矿工人，密西西比河上的轮船驾驶员，内华达州和加利福尼亚州的边境记者。

这些经历使他对人性有了广泛的了解。

作为美国最早的现实主义者和幽默家之一，马克·吐温经常用自己的亲身经历和亲身经历中学到的东西创作作品。

作为内战的见证人，马克·吐温清楚地看到了国家经济发展和政治生活的巨大变化。

随着对南方的最后胜利，北方再次享有了在国家行政管理中的支配权。

由于大多数奴隶都得到了解放，战败南方以奴隶为基础的经济繁荣变得毫无根基。

在这种情况下，一群群毫无根据的南方贫穷白人和新近获得自由的奴隶直接间接地前往新解放的城市寻求机会。

它可以称之为“淘金热”复兴，或者更确切地说，它是一些批评家所谓的“美国梦”。

吐温也情不自禁地奔向西方，实现他的美国梦，他从这场无与伦比、波澜壮阔的盛会中汲取了许多灵感。

1.2 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》作为马克·吐温最为杰出的作品——《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》，本书主要讲述了主人公哈克贝利为逃离酒鬼养父逃到荒无人烟的小岛，发现华森小姐家的黑奴吉姆与其一同漂泊的故事。

故事发生在密西西比河沿岸，两岸都是无人居住的荒野和茂密的森林。

哈克贝利遇到从奴隶制度中逃脱的吉姆，两人同样作为逃亡者，在一起漂泊，经历种种奇遇。

哈克贝利尽其所能帮助吉姆，改变了他的想法，改变了他对黑人的偏见，并接受吉姆作为一个男人和一个亲密的朋友。

《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是一本名副其实的活生生模特的再创造，是哈克的书，而不是吉姆的书。

哈克和吉姆这两个主要人物代表了困境的两个方面：哈克为绝对自由而奋斗，而吉姆则要求，为了获得自己的自由，哈克加入了对吉姆的追求，以此来证明自己的自由。

浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的写作风格

浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的写作风格《哈克贝利费恩历险记》是美国著名批判现实主义作家马克吐温的代表作。

马克吐温以其独特的写作风格在美国文学史上享有很高的声誉，著名作家和评论家豪威尔斯称他为美国文学史上的林肯。

这部长篇小说写在马克吐温创作的鼎盛时期，无论在写作结构，主题还是人物刻画和语言等方面都凸显了马克吐温的独特风格，展现了他不受拘束，追求自由的精神境界。

一、插叙的故事结构二、追求自由的故事主题对于自由的向往和追求是贯穿小说始末的重要主题。

哈克是为了逃离道格拉斯寡妇的束缚和父亲的打骂，追求精神上的自由，远离丑恶，罪恶的文明社会。

吉姆是为了摆脱黑奴的命运，追求身体上的自由，到达没有奴隶的俄亥俄州。

三、简单鲜明的人物刻画《哈克贝利费恩历险记》没有浩浩荡荡的主角阵容，主要人物只有哈克和吉姆。

哈克充满着冒险精神，极其的聪明，充满正义感而且具有追求独立自由的精神。

他蔑视传统的教养，不满意自己的生活状态，为了无拘无束的生活而逃跑。

在逃离爸爸的时候布置现场，装作死掉，与河外现实世界丑恶斗争时的斡旋，还有搭救吉姆时的表现都表明这个十三四岁男孩特有的聪颖与智慧。

免费论文参考网。

一个生活在蓄奴制度下的十三四岁的男孩，与社会伦理道德相悖，经过强烈的内心斗争去帮助一个黑奴，使他真正具有了独立自由的精神。

吉姆则是一个忠厚老实，不屈服于命运，具有人格尊严意识，顽强与命运抗争的坚强形象。

吉姆本是衷心为主人干活的奴隶，主人打算把他卖掉，迫使他妻离子散，这也成了他反抗命运的导火索，激发了这个黑奴的自尊心和追求自由的决心。

吉姆逃离命运的安排，去寻找没有剥削压迫，没有奴隶的自由地。

四、充满儿童特色且幽默的语言《哈克贝利费恩历险记》不仅是马克吐温的代表作，也是美国文学和文化中的珍品。

故事中哈克和吉姆对自由的向往和追求参考文献：[1]马克吐温著（成时译）.哈克贝利费恩历险记[M].北京：人民文学出版社，2004[2]王长荣.现代美国小说史[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，1992[3]秦为民.浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》之艺术风格.[J].铜仁师范高等专科学校学报，2006（6）[4]赵宇.浅析马克吐温的悲欢人生与文学之路[J].内蒙古民族大学学报,2007(1)。

《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中马克吐温的写作风格

《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中马克吐温的写作风格马克·吐温（1835－1910）是美国的幽默大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名演说家，19 世纪后期美国现实主义文学的杰出代表。

他一生艰苦创作，写出了大量文学作品。

其作品融幽默与辛辣的讽刺于一体，既富于独特的个人机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会洞察与剖析，被誉为“美国文学中的林肯”。

《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是马克?吐温的代表作，也是美国文学的一部名著。

小说续《汤姆·索亚历险记》的内容，严肃的气氛比后者更为浓厚。

主人公换成汤姆的朋友哈克——一个穷苦白人的儿子。

他害怕醉鬼父亲毒打，又受不了保护人的清规戒律而离家出走，半路上遇见黑奴吉姆，两人乘木排沿着密西西比河逃亡，去寻找自由州。

一路上，吉姆照顾哈克，哈克帮助吉姆匿藏。

两人之间产生了深厚的友谊。

最终，哈克放弃了告发吉姆的想法，激烈的思想斗争取得了胜利。

此书充分体现了马克·吐温的写作风格，因而成为美国大部分学校的必修书。

美国著名作家海明威说，“一切现代美国文学来自一本书，即马克?吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》……这是我们所有书中最好的。

一切美国文学都来自这本书，在它之前，或在它之后，都不曾有过能与之媲美的作品。

”书中以乡土文学的广阔视野和百姓语言“白话”，真实地记录了19世纪四五十年代的美国国情，是19 世纪美国现实主义文学奠基作品。

小说纯粹用美国口语写成，开创了美国文学口语文体的传统，其魅力经久不衰。

一、通俗畅晓、浅白朴素的口语体语言美国独立后的六七十年间，虽有一些文学作品，却未能摆脱原来的宗主国英国的影响，无论在内容、风格或语言上都缺乏独创性和美国特色，在马克·吐温以前鲜有人用方言写作。

而《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的出版却彻底颠覆了这一传统。

究其原因，作者在一生中最敏感的青少年时代，漂流在广阔的密西西比河上，观察到当时美国社会中形形色色的人物与事件；同时，风雨飘摇的生活也使马克?吐温有机会接触社会上的各种人物及天南地北的方言土语。

论《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的创作语言风格

论《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的创作语言风格作者：王金玉来源：《语文建设·下半月》2015年第05期摘要：马克·吐温是美国著名的现实主义作家和幽默的语言大师，一生创作了大量的优秀文学作品。

本文选取具有代表性的文学作品《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》，基于言语幽默关联理论的角度来分析《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的语言风格，以更好地理解小说中的幽默。

关键词：马克·吐温幽默语言小说语言夸张引言作为一名世界著名的现实主义作家，马克·吐温还是出色的幽默语言大师，一生创作了大量的优秀作品，其幽默语言对现代文学创作影响深远。

他的作品总是用最具有真情实感的语言达到一种诙谐幽默的效果，具有强烈的时代性特点，语言风格完美地将浪漫主义和现实主义进行了结合，完美地诠释了幽默的表达。

本文将以马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》为例，对马克·吐温的小说语言风格进行研究。

一、幽默语言学概述幽默语言风格是一种普遍的语言现象，这一理论已经涉及诸多学科，如语言学、哲学等，幽默语言理论已成为多学科研究对象。

幽默语言学的研究始于20世纪70年代，然而，在早期语言学中没有针对“幽默话语”的研究。

幽默语言学研究的最初涉及的是以哲学、心理学等的学科边缘理论研究。

随着语言学的发展，幽默语言的研究在70年代末期开始萌芽，最早是语言学家莫里斯（1938）提出了语用学理论，但也没有针对幽默语言学的研究，直到20世纪末，在语言学的实际应用中，考虑幽默语言在人际话语沟通的重要作用，幽默语言成为语言学中话语机制与合作礼貌原则中的重要内容。

语言学者试图解释与许多实际应用幽默语言的理论，尤其是在模糊语言的合作原则中的应用，以及关联理论和言语行为的幽默现象。

本文作者对言语幽默的语用研究的很多文献资料，其中包括莫里斯、斯珀伯的幽默语言理论，并基于以上理论对马克·吐温的著作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》对幽默语言进行具体阐释。

从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温的社会批判

从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温的社会批判从《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》看马克·吐温的社会批判马克·吐温是美国文学史上最著名的作家之一，他以独特的幽默和讽刺风格著称。

他的作品中常常包含对社会现象的批判和对人性的深刻剖析。

《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》无疑是吐温最重要的作品之一，通过讲述一个少年的冒险故事，揭示了美国南方社会的种种问题。

本文将从《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》这部作品中探讨马克·吐温的社会批判。

首先，吐温通过哈克贝利·费恩这个角色，对种族歧视和奴隶制度进行了深刻的揭露和批判。

在小说中，哈克是一个贫苦孤儿，他结识了另一个主要角色吉姆，一个逃跑的奴隶。

哈克和吉姆一同经历了许多冒险，他们的关系也由最初的疏离逐渐发展为真正的友谊。

通过哈克和吉姆的冒险，小说展现了奴隶主义的残酷和种族歧视的荒谬。

在小说中，吐温通过哈克的视角揭示了奴隶制度对黑人的剥削和压迫。

哈克通过一系列的冒险，亲眼目睹了奴隶主对待奴隶的残酷行为，其中包括虐待、鞭打和剥夺他们基本的人权。

哈克对这种不公正感到愤怒和无奈，并最终做出了违抗社会常规的决定，帮助吉姆逃离奴隶制度的桎梏。

吐温通过哈克的冒险，呼吁读者反思和否定奴隶制度，认识到人类平等和尊严的重要性。

吐温还通过《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》对社会道德观念的批判。

在小说中，哈克与社会道德观念的冲突成为一个重要的主题。

哈克在成长过程中，受到了社会道德的熏陶和影响，但他的冒险经历却使他开始重新思考这些道德观念的正确性。

例如，在小说中，哈克被教导说偷窃是不道德的行为，但当他需要帮助吉姆逃亡时，他却选择违背社会道德规范而行动。

吐温通过这一情节，质疑了社会道德观念的绝对性，并提出了对道德的个体思考和判断。

此外，吐温还通过哈克贝利·费恩的冒险，对社会偏见和利益驱动进行了深刻的批判。

在小说中，哈克遇到了一群追逐他们的财富的人，这些人为了自己的利益不择手段，甚至不惜伤害他人。

马克·吐温幽默背后的创伤——以《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》为例

摘要马克·吐温是美国19世纪的杰出作家，是享誉世界的幽默大师。

其代表作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是世界文学史上的经典之作，学术界对该书给予了充分的关注。

这本书通过对哈克和吉姆历险之旅的描述，不仅表现了马克·吐温高超的幽默技巧，更表达了他对文明的思考和对社会的关注。

本文试图运用弗洛伊德的“快乐原则”、“现实原则”以及“死亡本能”理论来分析《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》一书的内涵，揭示其中的幽默并深入探究幽默背后的创伤。

创伤是外部环境及重大事件所导致的内心的束缚感和无力感，这与哈克、吉姆及马克·吐温本人的经历相契合。

研究幽默及其背后的创伤可以使我们窥见马克·吐温的创作心理，了解其自身经历对《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》创作的影响, 加深对该作品内涵的理解。

论文共分三大部分：绪论部分、主体部分和总结部分。

绪论部分包括马克·吐温和《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的简要介绍、相关的文献综述和论文的理论框架。

主体部分包含三个章节。

第一章立足于弗洛伊德的快乐原则及其幽默观，通过文本细读分析快乐原则胜利的产物——幽默在马克·吐温笔下的精彩呈现。

第二章从弗洛伊德的现实原则及其文明观出发，分析现实对哈克和吉姆的束缚以及文明社会对他们造成的创伤。

第三章运用弗洛伊德的死亡本能来分析《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中隐含的死亡本能以及马克·吐温的死亡观。

论文的总结部分依据理论原则和文本分析得出结论：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》看似幽默，实则隐含着深深的创伤。

关键词：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》；马克·吐温；快乐原则；现实原则；死亡本能与创伤AbstractMark Twain is an outstanding American writer in the 19th century and a world-renowned humorist, whose magnum opus Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a classic in world literature, which has been attracting full attention in academia. This book not only displays Mark Twain’s extraordinary humorous skills but also expresses his deep thought on civilization and concern about society through the adventures of Huck and Jim. This thesis attempts to apply Freud’s “pleasure principle”, “reality principle” and “death instinct” theories to analyze the profound meaning of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn so as to reveal the humor and thoroughly explore the trauma behind the humor. Trauma, caused by the external environment and momentous events, is the inner restraint and powerlessness, which are consistent with the experiences of Huck, Jim and Mark Twain. Studying humor and the trauma behind humor can give us a glimpse of Mark Twain’s psychology of writing, help us understand the influence of his own experience on the creation of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and deepen our understanding of the connotation of this work.The thesis consists of three parts: the introduction, the main part and the conclusion. The introduction includes the brief introduction of Mark Twain and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the relevant literature review and the theoretical framework of the thesis. The main part falls into three chapters. Based on Freud’s pleasure principle and his view on humor, the first chapter analyzes the good representation of Mark Twain’s humor, the product of the victory of the pleasure principle, by means of careful reading. The second chapter starts from Freud’s reality principle and his view on civilization, then goes deep into the constraints of the reality principle upon Huck and Jim and the traumas that they suffer in the civilized society. The third chapter adopts Freud’s death instinct to analyze the death instinct implied in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Mark Twain’s outlook on death. On the basis of theories and textual analyses, the last part presents the conclusion of the thesis: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is full of trauma behind the seeming humor.Key words: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn; Mark Twain; pleasure principle; reality principle; death instinct and traumaContents摘要 (i)Abstract............................................................................................................ i i Introduction .. (1)1.A n Overview on Mark Twain and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1)2.L iterature Review (2)3.T heoretical Foundation (7)Chapter One Humor: The Victory of Pleasure Principle (11)1.T he Cathexis and Economy of Readers’ Energy (11)2.T he Comic Techniques (16)Chapter Two Trauma: The Effect of Reality Principle (22)1.T he Trauma of Huck (22)2.T he Trauma of Jim (29)Chapter Three Death: The Transcendence of Pleasure Principle (35)1.D eath Instinct (35)2.M ark Twain’s View on Death (40)Conclusion (46)Bibliography (48)Acknowledgements (54)Introduction1.An Overview on Mark Twain and Adventures of HuckleberryFinnAs a prominently unique and prolific American novelist and lecturer, Mark Twain, whose original name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens, exerts an enormous and profound influence on American literature. His realistic works reflect on the American society at that time and enjoy widespread popularity. “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavera County” earned him new-found fame, then he successively created a number of works, The Innocents Abroad, Roughing It, The Gilded Age, Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, Pudd’nhead Wilson, to name just a few. Mark Twain’s unique language and writing style help him to be one of the most important writers in America. The famous American writer and the winner of the Nobel prize for literature William Faulkner called him “the father of American literature”.Mark Twain adds a fresh flavor to American literature because of his inimitable humor. Engaged in various professions, such as the printer, pilot, journalist, writer, lecturer, Mark Twain has extremely rich experiences in various places, which supplies him with abundant materials and lays the foundation for the formation of his humor, which is widely welcomed throughout the world. Moreover, Mark Twain can see through the nature of society and speak what he feels. His works are not merely full of humor, but also penetrate the reality in a critical way. Although recognized as an excellent humorist and enjoying a great reputation, Mark Twain suffers agony in business and family, and his personality is beyond what he presents in front of the audience and the reader.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the most important masterpieces of Mark Twain. Narrated by Huck, a lonesome young boy, this book talks about the journey of Huck and Jim, a runaway slave. It aroused a lot of controversies at first owing to the use of the word “nigger”, which provoked a stir in American literary circle. In the meantime, it has gained in popularity and the relevant research has been increasingly conducted. Manycelebrities have praised this work. Ernest Hemingway thinks that all modern American literatures came from one book called Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. T. S. Eliot speaks highly of it, deeming that Huckleberry Finn belongs in the company of the Odyssey, Faust, Don Quixote, and other world classics. As a bestseller among world classics, it wins the continuing popularity among readers, including children, because of the humorous style. Nevertheless, beneath humor lie loneliness, terror and death. Gothic style and macabre theme are of great significance in this work, which is closely related to Mark Twain’s experiences. Despite the fact that a few scholars have noticed it, more relevant research is in special need.2.Literature ReviewForeign research on Mark Twain can be traced back to the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Mark Twain, liked by numerous loyal readers, has acquired a well-deserved reputation. Many scholars, critics and writers began to pay some attention to him and his works before his death, when the study on Mark Twain sprouted slowly. “American famous scholar William L. Phelps published an article in the North American Review in 1907, highly complimenting Mark Twain and his works. He considers Mark Twain to be a real writer of American quality” (Yi 6), who is both talented and diligent. William Dean Howells, editor-in-chief of the Atlantic Monthly and Harper’s Monthly and Mark Twain’s good friend, praises Mark Twain as “Lincoln of American Literature”, writing a book My Mark Twain in honor of him.Brooks-DeV oto controversy in the 1920s and 1930s sparked off the dispute about Mark Twain in the academic circle. The commentator Van Wyck Brooks published his monograph The Ordeal of Mark Twain in 1920, using psychoanalysis, prevalent at that time, to interpret and criticize Mark Twain’s psychology. The second editor of Twain’s manuscript Bernard Devoto Brooks fought back and affirmed Mark Twain’s unique humor in his book, Mark Twain’s America. Different voices undoubtedly made Mark Twain’s research more diversified and prosperous. Mark Twain’s research has developed in a thriving way from the 1930s to the present along with various literary theories and criticism, full of vitality. As Mark Twain’s influential masterpiece, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been studied from various perspectives, involving language, character, realism, religion, race, prototypecriticism, psychoanalysis, feminism, postcolonialism and other perspectives, laying a solid foundation for future research.Widely regarded as a great humorist, Mark Twain is an expert in humor, which is the focus on Mark Twain in academia. A number of eminent scholars have studied his humor, such as James M. Cox, Walter Blair, Bernard Devoto, to name just a few. There are innumerable monographs on the basis of the perspective of humor, including the source, technique, expression and so on. Mark Twain’s novels are often studied systematically as a whole from the angle of humor. Kenneth Lynn’s monograph Mark Twain and Southwestern Humor (1959) analyzes the relationship between Mark Twain’s humor and western humor, and then discusses the profound influence the western humor has on Mark Twain. “Frontier Humor in Huckleberry Finn and Carvalho’s O Coronel e o Lobisomem” (1984), written by Bobby J. Chamberlain, explores the specific representation of frontier humor in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Jeffrey Bilbro reveals Mark Twain’s humorous techniques in the description of the western world and the Arthur dynasty in his article “‘That Petrified Lau’: Mark Twain’s hoaxes in the West and Camelot” (2011) from the perspective of the hoax. Harold H. Kolb points out in his monograph Mark Twain: The Gift of Humor (2014) that whether funny humor or black humor, humor is a mode of Mark Twain’s perception throughout his life. Randall Knoper jumps out of the literary text and shows Mark Twain’s humor on the stage in his book Acting Nature: Mark Twain in the Culture of Performance (1995). To conclude, research on Mark Twain’s humor has had abundant achievements and covered various perspectives.Compared with the study on humor, there are rather fewer studies on the trauma hidden in this work, but a few scholars have also noticed this point. Some scholars have given attention to the darkness and death reflected in the novel. Christopher Sten’s article “‘When the Candle Went Out’: The Nighttime World of Huck Finn” (1981), based on the symbolic meaning of darkness, discusses the murder, death and other related details. Charles R. Tenney focuses on the analysis of the manuscript of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and gives a scientific explanation of lightning and storms in the article “Why Don’t Lightning Cast a Shadow?” (2004). Moreover, “The Emergence of Mark Twain’s Missouri: Regional Theories and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (2002), written by Robert Jackson, explainsthat the local style and tradition in the Mississippi River has exercised a significant influence on Mark Twain’s works from the perspective of the region. He thinks the pastoral imagination and the industrialized reality engender Mark Twain’s complex and contradictory feelings towards the Mississippi River. The deaths he witnessed in childhood have cast the shadow on his life, and everything he has seen is marked with death, which can be seen in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Leslie A. Fieder mentions the violence in Mark Twain’s novels in his monograph Love and Death in the American Novel(1969), believing that violence can be seen everywhere in the novel apart from love. “He is not only the creator of childhood idylls but a great poet of violence” (Fiedler 270). However, some scholars disagree. Tom Quirk makes it clear in “The Flawed Greatness of Huckleberry Finn” (2012) that there is no point in setting some dark environment in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Apart from the macabre theme, another aspect of the trauma is the agony suffered by the main characters, Huck and Jim. When it comes to Huck, a young boy, his trauma is from the absence of parental love and the alienation from the civilized society. Paul Delaney’s article “You Can’t Go Back to the Raft Ag’ in Huck honey! Mark Twain’s Western Sequel to Huckleberry Finn” (1976) shows that Huck is willing to endure the fear of loneliness forever to escape from the civilized society. Forrest G. Robinson believes that Mark Twain renders Huck’s loneliness by the silent environment to show his attitude towards death in “The Silences in Huckleberry Finn” (1982). James Wharton Leonard’s article “The View from The Raft: Huck Finn’s Authentic Nietzschean Perspective” (2013) reveals Huck’s struggle in the dilemma based on Nietzsche’s philosophy. Albert J. von Frank deals with this issue from a different perspective. In “Huck Finn and the Flight from Maturity” (1979), he claims that Jim acts as a loving father, totally different from his pap, penetrating Huck’s loneliness and making him feel like a child without bearing what an adult should bear. As for Jim, his trauma results from racism, followed by the separation from his family. Based on critical race theory, Andrew Spencer points out that this work shows the racial ideology in the society and attacks racial hierarchies by close reading in the essay “‘A Fiction of Law and Custom’: Mark Twain’s Interrogation of White Privilege in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”(2017). Sharon D. McCoy analyzes the visible and invisible limits on blacks from the conflicts of jurisdiction, even existing after the civil war, which can be seen in his work“‘Fiction of Law and Custom’: Personhood Under Jurisdictional Law and Social Codes in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson” (2017).The trauma shown in the text is closely connected to Mark Twain’s own experience, especially his personal trauma. American critical realism writer Theodore Dreiser thinks, “the incorrigible and prolific joker and, at best, humorist who, up to the time of his death and since, has kept the world chuckling so continuously that it has not even now sobered sufficiently to detect in him the gloomy and wholly mechanistic thinker” (615), which conforms with Mark Twain’s personal experience. Although Mark Twain is famous for humor, he suffers from unbearable trauma coming from the split of self, the failure of the business and the tragedy of his family.In terms of identity, Louis J. Budd mentions in “Hiding Out in Public: Mark Twain as a Speaker” (1985) that Mark Twain tried to hide his past while enjoying his speech, believing the southern root affected his career and inner peace. Leland Krauth’s essay “Mark Twain: A Man for All Regions” (1985) presents for us Mark Twain who is shaped by the southern, western and eastern culture, which causes his complicated personality. “Mark Twain’s Deformed Conscience” (2006) by Will Kaufman interprets Mark Twain’s contradictory psychology and points out his shame and guilt as a humorist.Economically speaking, Justin Kaplan mentions in his biography, Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain: A Biography (1966) that Mark Twain has the divided self, one is a wise writer, the other is a quixotic businessman. In “The Art of Arbitrage: Re-imagining Mark Twain, Business Man” (2015), Henry B. Wonham emphasizes that the environment and the personality exercise an enormous influence on Mark Twain’s economic view. In addition, he associates it with Mark Twain’s investment experience, especially venture capital, and thus explains the economic tragedy of investment failure.Compared with the agony mentioned above, the family tragedy brings Mark Twain more pain. Frederick Buechner writes in his monograph Speak What We Feel (Not What We Ought to Say) (2001) about all kinds of deaths Mark Twain witnessed and the trauma caused to him because of the deaths of his family and relatives. William E. Phipps, in his monograph Mark Twain’s Religion (2003), deals with Mark Twain’s religious view that is connected with personal experience, including family trauma. “The Case for Mark Twain’s Wife” (1939) byDeLancey Ferguson shows that Mark Twain’s love and sacrifice to his family aggravates his pain to some extent. Mark Twain often thought of his wife and children in his autobiography. It can be seen that the deaths of his wife and daughters are unbearable to him, leaving lasting and deep trauma for him. M. Christine Benner Dixon analyzes Mark Twain’s pain from a unique perspective, believing the pain is indispensable to Mark Twain. He claims in the essay “The Pain Economy: Mark Twain’s Masochistic Understanding of Pain” (2014) that pain, the source of humor, makes Mark Twain both guilty and happy.In a word, foreign research on Mark Twain has been evolving across different historical periods. It has been flourishing with abundantly diversified research forms, research perspectives and research contents. As for this angle, some scholars have already started to be involved, which can enrich the research of Mark Twain.Mark Twain’s studies in China began with the translation of “The Czar’s Soliloquy” and “The Californian’s Tale” in the early twentieth century. In the beginning, the research was relatively little and mainly connected with style and politics. After the Reform and Opening-up, the study on Mark Twain has become more and more popular with the rapid development of American literary study, such as “Talking about Mark Twain” (1980) by Li Shuyan, “A Survey of Mark Twain in China” (1984) by Shao Xudong, The Portrait of Mark Twain (1991) by Dong Hengxun, and so on. Diverse perspectives, including humorous style, satirical art, slang, narrative strategies, politics, racial view, Chinese view, feminism and children’s image have emerged since the 1990s.The perspective of humor is hot in the study of Mark Twain and his novels in China. People pay much attention to his humor. As early as 1984, Shao Xudong listed humor as one of the important perspectives of Mark Twain’s research in his “Review of Mark Twain’s Research in China” (1984). In the past few years, many scholars have analyzed Mark Twain’s humor from language, character, plot and so on, publishing lots of articles and books. Mark Twain skillfully combines humor and satire. Hao Jing’s paper “Humor and Irony in Mark Twain’s Novels” (2013) points out that Mark Twain’s natural and mature humor benefits from his understanding of social life. “The Comparison between the Artistic Characteristics of Ah Q and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (2015) by Zhang Cunxiao analyzes the similarities and differences of the artistic features between Adventures of Huckleberry Finnand Ah Q from the perspective of comparative literature, including the use of humor. Tang Wen connects Mark Twain’s frontier humor with the American dream in “The writing of the American dream in Mark Twain’s stories of frontier humor” (2019), analyzing the representation of the frontier humor in Mark Twain’s works, including Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.There are a few articles on Mark Twain from the perspective of death and trauma. In the article “The Sorrow of Waking Up in Dream: On the Causes of Pessimism in Mark Twain’s Old Age” (1987), Zhang Tingchen notes that the cruel reality came as a severe blow to the idealist Mark Twain, who became pessimistic in his later years. Yang Haocheng explores the undercurrent of death and terror under the humorous representation in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and interprets Mark Twain’s tragic experience in the article: “Death and Terror in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (2014). Zhang Longhai and Zhang Wu wrote a paper “The Blending of ‘Scenery’ and ‘Emotion’: Comments on the Landscape and Narration in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (2016), which in part analyzes the close relationship between the deathly environment and Mark Twain’s emotion. Generally speaking, most of the domestic studies are based on humor, irony, narration, racism, Chinese outlook and children’s image, the perspective of death and trauma is in need of further study. I believe Mark Twain’s research is finding its new way.3.Theoretical FoundationAdventures of Huckleberry Finn is Mark Twain’s perfect combination of humor and trauma. His humorous techniques are consistent with Freud’s view on humor and pleasure principle. At the same time, the trauma in this work can be explained by Freud’s reality principle and death instinct, which are closely related to Freud’s trauma theory.The concept of trauma is frequently studied in various fields, including literature. Trauma is primarily used to describe the physical wound. Developed by Sigmund Freud, it is given psychological meaning. Because of two world wars, the Vietnam War and other catastrophes, trauma is given more attention, “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)” being proposed by the American Psychiatric Association. Meanwhile, more and more trauma theorists emerge, including Shoshana Felman, Cathy Caruth, Van der Kolk, Judith Herman,Caroline Garland, Doris Laub and so on. Cathy Caruth considers trauma to be “an overwhelming experience of sudden or catastrophic events in which the response to the event occurs in the often uncontrolled, repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena” (57,58). What Herman believes is that “psychological trauma is an affliction of the powerless. At the moment of trauma, the victim is rendered helpless by overwhelming force” (33). In a word, many researchers, including Freud, think trauma is excruciating psychological pain, stimulated by some events, and the sufferer cannot overcome. The professors of Yale university Shoshana Felman, Doris Laub and some other scholars connect trauma to race and culture, extending trauma to the broader range.Theories of trauma have developed fast in recent years. Tao Jiajun claims:“During one hundred years from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century, there is a huge shift from psychological trauma theory to contemporary traumaculture theory. Trauma theory has undergone four phases of development from Freudianpsychological trauma theory, Post-Freudian psychological trauma theory, race/gender traumatheory to trauma culture theory” (118).No matter how rapidly it advances, there is little doubt Freud lays a solid foundation for the study of trauma. At first, Freud relates the traumatic theory to the hysteria, he believes, which is connected with some sexual experience, thus causing the psychological trauma. He studies the case of the hysteria in terms of the premature sextual experience and find out the cause of patients’ trauma. Later, he turns to the outer influence, which, he thinks, gives rise to the trauma. “We describe as ‘traumatic’ any excitations from outside which are powerful enough to break through the protective shield” (Freud, Beyond the Pleasure Principle 23). It is the external trauma that gives people traumatic nightmares repeatedly. Furthermore, he deems that trauma is an indispensable part of the civilization, which, at the same time, is the cause of trauma. He thinks human inflicts three kinds of sufferings in the civilized society: the dissolution of the body, the suffering from the external world and the relations to other people. His later argument is the focus of this thesis.Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, has produced many theories of psychology and paid considerable attention to society and civilization. Like Mark Twain, he has a passion for love and deeply penetrates the reality at the same time. Furthermore, theyboth suffered physically and mentally in their twilight years, and consequently they share the same values. Freud put forward the conception of two principles in a concise and formal way in the article “Formulations on two principles in mental functioning” in 1911. These two principles are the good theoretical foundation to analyze Mark Twain’s work Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.The pleasure principle is related to our psychology, providing people with innate and primitive satisfaction. Freud believes that it is the aim for humans to gain pleasure, and the humor represents the victory of the pleasure principle. At the same time, “humour is the most easily satisfied among the species of the comic” (Freud, Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious 229). It is directly related to the comic.Mark Twain, a master of humor, deploys the comic techniques in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, bringing pleasure to readers.As for the reality principle, it means that we have to give in to reality and adapt to it. Although anxious for freedom, Huck and Jim are bound by the reality. They cannot stay in the canoe all the time. It is apparent that they are obliged to go ashore again and again, witnessing and experiencing the cruelty. The raft, as their refuge, is a temporary paradise far away from the civilized society. Freud divides the source of human suffering into three aspects in Civilization and Its Discontents, including the suffering from the outer world and the relations with other men. The civilized world, for Huck, is the imprisonment of freedom. When it comes to the family, it is miserable for him to lose his mother. What is more miserable is that the pitiful boy is abused by his cruel father. He is just the other in the village, lonesome and unhappy, even though he is adopted by Widow Douglas. What he hopes is withdrawal from the society. Meanwhile, the world, in Jim’s eyes, is dominated by white people and full of exploitation and oppression. As an enslaved black man, he has to bear what he should not bear just due to the racial hierarchy, which demands the subservience of black men. Moreover, Jim is forced to separate from his family, which brings him intense agony. Taking the reality into consideration, Huck and Jim have to deal with their trauma, which is consistent with self-defense mechanism.The trauma behind humor is consistent with Freud’s reality principle. Freud developed these two principles and put forward the concept of the death instinct, contrary to Eros instinct, in his Beyond the Pleasure Principle in 1920. The term “death instinct” representsan aspiration to be dead, returning to the primitive state. Despite the pleasure principle and reality principle, “the aim of all life is death” (Freud, Beyond the Pleasure Principle 32). Freud mentioned it again in Civilization and Its Discontents. Death is an important theme in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and the death instinct is vividly represented in this work. Not only can we feel the death instinct from the plot and characters, but we can also feel the deadly atmosphere throughout the novel.Chapter One Humor: The Victory of Pleasure PrincipleAccording to Freud, it is the human’s innate tendency to pursue pleasure and enjoy it to the full, and humor is the victory of the pleasure principle, which everyone wants to follow. Mark Twain grasps the key point to bring pleasure to the audience, whose laughter is significant for Mark Twain, who fulfils the purpose with his unique humor. “This laughter for Mark Twain is a visceral pleasure, one that mingles physical and spiritual ecstasy: it is both a ‘heavenly sound’ and a sensual satisfaction” (Ryan 192,193). It is his pleasure to give pleasure to readers. Humor is crucially important in his creation, and there is no doubt that his works have been giving pleasure to a large number of people while he can enjoy the pleasure of providing pleasure. As an extraordinary humorist, Mark Twain successfully provides pleasure for the reader by means of humor, and his skillful techniques make the reader, who can enjoy the pleasure through different kinds of amusing stories, laugh again and again.1.The Cathexis and Economy of Readers’ EnergyAs a humorist, Mark Twain perceives the world in a sensitive way and sees the painful repression of innumerable people in the capitalist society, which coincides with Freud’s idea. In order to arouse readers’ interest, Mark Twain lays emphasis on the use of humorous techniques, trying to make readers get pleasure by means of the empathy or the unexpected plot. In Freud’s opinion, we can own the comic pleasure to the outlet of psychical and emotional energy, and it is possible to produce laughter when “a sum of psychical energy which has hitherto been used for cathexis is allowed free discharge” (Freud, Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious 148). Mark Twain manages to give readers a way to release and economize their psychical and emotional energy by means of humor.It is an effective way to gain pleasure by means of empathy. Readers can get pleasure from the book and give vent to their exasperation. When the pap wants to cheat the new judge for money to buy alcohol but becomes the laughingstock instead, readers think he deserves it. His son Huck aims to get rid of his nightmare and escapes from the cabin, and readers feel a sense of relief at that time because they are furious at what the pap does and。

以《哈克贝利费恩历险记》为例分析马克吐温的写作风格

目录前言 (1)一写作风格分析及作品的反响 (2)（一) 写作风格分析 (2)1.通俗畅晓、朴素浅白的方言式口语 (2)2.第一人称的故事叙述 (3)3.融为一体的幽默与讽刺 (3)4.现实中正义与非正义矛盾心理的精心刻画 (4)5.思想性与艺术统一性 (5)（二) 对文学界的影响 (5)1.小说的需求扩大 (5)2.对当时美国文学氛围的影响 (6)3.在西方文学界的反响 (6)（一) 对于中国文学界的影响 (7)（二) 对世界各国的意义 (7)结束语 (8)参考文献 (9)致谢 (10)摘要：马克•吐温-美国文学史上的一位巨匠，美国批判现实主义的奠基人，一生创作颇丰。

《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》是其代表作之一，一直被看作是美国文学的经典之作。

小说中以第一人称的口吻讲述了了流浪儿哈克在密西西比河及河畔的所见所闻。

小说中马克吐温以各种方言土语，极尽幽默与讽刺形成了其独特的写作风格，深刻揭露了当时的社会现实。

关键词：马克•吐温，小说，写作风格，社会现实Abstract: Mark Twain-A great master of American literature，American founder of critical realism, have rich produces in his life. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is commonly accounted as one of the greatest American Novels. The novel which use the tone of first person is talking about all that waif Huck saw and heard in the Mississippi River and the riverside. The novels of Mark Twain applied various dialects, his best humor and satire formed its unique style of writing, profoundly revealed the social reality.Key words: Mark Twain, novel, style of writing, the social reality以《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》为例浅析马克吐温的写作风格华南师范大学开放学院 2013级英语教育陈慧敏前言美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，著名作家和评论家豪威尔斯称之为“美国文学史上的林肯”的马克•吐温于一八八四年发表了他最为成功的一部长篇小说之一的《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》。

《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》与马克·吐温对观实的逃避

摘要：本文从《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的创作谈起，对马克·吐温的写作思想及其表达的主题作了深刻的剖析。

还谈到了美国文学中的一个重要的主题——对现代文明的逃逸，以及想返归自然的愿望，从文学作品中反映了马克·吐温的内心世界。

关键词：《啥克贝利·费恩历险记》马克·吐温逃避1856年美国南北战争结束后，美国文坛现实主义开始取代浪漫主义而兴起。

马克·吐温被认为是美国现实主义文学的奠基人，而《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》则是他的代表作，是美国现实主义文学的典范。

1885年这本书出版后就成为当时的畅销书，在所有的美国文学作品中，它是译成外国语种最多的一部。

这部小说无论在马克·吐温个人的创作道路中，还是在美国文学发展史上都有重要的地位，不论从思想内容还是从语言艺术价值看，都是不可多的佳作。

马克·吐温，本名塞缪尔·朗荷恩·克莱门斯，是美国文学史上划时代的语言巨匠和幽默大师，是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，世界著名的短篇小说大师。

他同时代著名的现实丰义作家豪威尔斯评价马克·吐温说：“他是我们文学中的林肯”，福克纳甚至说他是“美国文学之父”。

他经历了美国从自由资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其思想和创作也先从轻快调笑转变为辛辣讽刺，最后发展到悲观厌世的阶段。

马克·吐温出生于密西西比河畔的一个名为汉尼巴尔的小镇，并在那成长。

12岁那年他父亲逝世，马克·吐温不得不辍学到他哥哥奥利主编的一家地方小报馆当学徒，学习排版。

五十年代初密西西比河汽船航运事业兴起，马克·吐温开始了另一种生活，他学习驾驶技术，后来做了汽船舵工，去过密西西比河流域的很多地方。

密西西比河河宽流急，瞬息万变，也使马克·吐温练就了锐利的目光、敏捷的身手和果断的性格。

他自己也认为这条河给了他很多的学问。

他的笔名“马克·吐温(Mark Twin)”就是水手们测水时所喊的水深尺度，意为“水深12英尺”，指水的深度足以使航船通行无阻。

论马克·吐温的作品《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中的幽默与讽刺毕业论文

Comment on Mark Twain’s work “Huckleberry Finn”of the view on humor and ironyA Thesis Submittedto School of Foreign Languages, Xuchang University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree of Bachelor of ArtsByMa DonggeSupervisor：Xu ZhongyongMay 15, 2010AcknowledgementThis paper has finally come into being after several months of hard work.From the very beginning when I chose the topic till the completion of the paper, I have benefited from many people whose help I must acknowledge.I am particularly grateful to my tutor, Xu Zhongyong, for his valuable suggestions and commentary ideas, and for his patience in correcting the draft. Without his guidance and help, timely completion of this paper would not be possible.Thanks are also due to my classmates and friends for their constant encouragement and assistance in the course of writing.Yet I have to acknowledge that I am independently responsible for the paper and I am the person to blame for any pitfalls, flaws and neglects in it.摘要马克·吐温是一个世界闻名的幽默大师.《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是他的代表作,这部小说堪称经典。

《追寻自由之路：对马克·吐温《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的解读》

《追寻自由之路：对马克·吐温《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的解读》1. 引言1.1 概述《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是美国作家马克·吐温的作品中最具代表性的小说之一。

这部小说以主人公哈克贝利·费恩为视角，生动地描绘了19世纪南方美国社会的真实面貌，并通过哈克贝利的冒险经历，展现了自由主题的重要性和价值。

本文旨在探讨这部作品中表达出来的自由观念、对社会问题和人性矛盾的揭示，以及对当代社会的启示与思考。

1.2 文章结构本文将分为五个部分进行讨论。

首先，我们将简要介绍作者马克·吐温以及《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的背景，在第二部分中对小说进行详细解读，包括角色分析、情节梳理和评论。

接下来，在第三部分中，我们将重点探讨自由主题在小说中的体现与批判，并关注作品对奴隶制度进行的揭露与反思。

第四个部分将深入剖析小说所反映出来的社会问题和人性矛盾，并着重探讨小说中对爱与友谊的描写。

最后，在第五部分中，我们将总结回顾全文内容，并给予《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》一个综合评价，同时思考作品对当代社会的启示和意义。

1.3 目的本文旨在通过对《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的解读，探讨其呈现出来的自由主题以及对社会问题和人性矛盾的揭示。

我们希望通过分析小说中的角色、情节和背景，深入理解马克·吐温刻画美国南方社会时所表达的思想和观点。

同时，作者也希望通过这篇文章引发读者对于当代社会自由概念的思考，并提供一些有益于个人成长与社会进步的启示。

2. 马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》简介2.1 作品背景与作者简介《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是美国作家马克·吐温于1884年出版的一部长篇小说。

该作被认为是美国现实主义文学的杰作之一，也是世界文学史上最重要的小说之一。

马克·吐温，原名塞缪尔·克雷尔斯，是19世纪末20世纪初美国最著名的文学家和幽默家之一。