9A-15初三第一学期期末复习
初三年级第一学期期末考复习要点(完整版)
期末考复习要点(完整版)1. be fond/proud of be angry with be surprised at be worried aboutbe famous for be different from be absent from be late forbe proud of be pleased with be full of = be filled withbe interested in be good at/ for be bad for= be harmful to2. look at the blackboard look like his father look for a missing watchlook up a new word look forward to our holidays look after a patient,set out = set off = start pick out the best paintingsfind out the truth, work out a plan/a math problem give out test papersput up one’s hand put up a notice on the wall put on a coatput on a short play put off a meetingset out for London= start for = London = leave for Londonput out a fire look out, the bus is coming!put off a meeting see my mum off at the airport set off for Europeshow off his wisdom take off one’s hat/a plane took offturn off the television get off the bus3.enter for(只是报过名,the sports meeting)take part in(亲身参加过了, the discussion , the game , the activities , the sports meeting)join ( us / you / them , the army , the League , the football team , the singing group )attend ( meeting , lecture , school , class )4. take care of = look after = care for take care = be careful = look/watch outtaxi/telephone services good English alone win honour foragainst the spirit of science the Nobel Prize for physics take out a patent at the age of …… = when sb. was ……set up = put up = buildcongratulate sb. on sth. a good chance to learn English face a difficult choice the key to a new world with a smile make the bedgo to university miss the live broadcast watch the World Cup start/begin with end with take place = be held take place=happen=occur give sb. a hand = help sb. = do sb. a favourclosing speech leave the door open score a goalkeep the window closed work as act askeep/break the world record the high/long jump the 100-meter dash good luck to you! take an active part in gold medalpick up every four years Italy beat Germany all the time = always instead of doing sth.5. 过进的时间状语:at that time , this time yesterday , at eight yesterday , from eight to ten yesterday6. in one’s opinion set up one’s own company take sb’s adviceto one’s surprise of one’s own mind sb’s doing sth.7. some… others one after another one… the otherone … the other two/ three …each other = one another his other handanother one another pair another two balls.8. make sb./sth.+ adj. let/ make/ have sb. do sth. d o one’s best to do sth.be likely to do sth. happen to do sth. encourage sb. to do sth.go on to do go on doing had better do sth / had better not do sth. Why not do sth?9. 句型转换:1. He was too busy to attend the meeting.=He was ________ busy _______ he _______attend the meeting.=He wasn’t ________ _______ ________ attend the meeting.2. The problem wasn’t easy enough for us _______ work ______ out.=The problem was _______ _______ for us _______ work ______ out.=The problem was _______ _______ _______ we ______ work ______ out.3. They left here 3 weeks ago.=They _______ _______ ______ ______ here _______ 3 weeks.4. His father has been dead for 3 years.=His father ______ 3 years ______.(borrow-______ , buy-______ , begin-______)5. He sings better than she.=She ______ sing ______ ______ ______ he.6. He studies hardest in his class.=He studies ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ in his class.7. They went there by taxi.=They ______ ______ ______ there.8. We will take a plane to Paris soon.=We will ______ ______ Paris ______ ______ soon.______ ______=We will ______ ______ Paris soon.9. How long did it take you to go there on foot?=How long did it take you to ______ there?10. He didn’t see a film. He stayed at home.=He stayed at home ______ ______ ______ a film.11. He liked singing better than dancing when he was young.=He ______ singing ______ dancing when he was young.12. It took him an hour to go there on foot.=He ______ an hour ______ there.13. He spent 10 yuan on the book.=It ______ him 10 yuan ______ ______ the book.=He ______ 10 yuan ______ the book.=The book ______ ______ 10 yuan.14. He left his country at the age of 30.=He left his country ______ ______ ______ 30.15. He didn’t find the lost child.=He ______ ______ find the lost child.=He ______ ______ ______ find the lost child.16. Jack writes better than Peter.=Peter’s handwriting isn’t ______ ______ ______ Jack’s 17. Be careful, or you won’t pass the exam. (句义不变)You ________ pass the exam ________ you ________ careful.You ________ pass the exam ________ you ________ careful.18. If you put on more coat, you won’t catch a cold. (句义不变)You will catch a cold ________ you ________ put on more coat.Put on more coat, ________ you ________ catch a cold.Put on more coat, ________ you ________ catch a cold.19. He told me the news by e-mail.= He _____ the e-mail ____ tell me the news.变否:1. He bought some apples and bananas.He ______ ______ ______ apples ______ bananas.2. The boys have already seen the match.The boys ______ seen the match ______.3. There is something interesting in the story.There ______ ______ interesting in the story.4. The teachers had to stay there.The teachers ______ ______ to stay there.5. He did well in Chinese last term.He ______ ______ well in Chinese last term.6. You’d better go there alone.You’d ______ ______ go there alone.7. Both he an I are interested in singing.______ he ______ I ______ interested in singing.8. Tom read the book this morning.Tom ______ ______ the book this morning.(cost、fit、let、put)9. He does morning exercise after he gets up.He ______ ______ morning exercise after he gets up.以下选填what , what a (an) , how.1. __________ beautiful flowers they have given us!2.__________ important advice!3.__________ necessary English is in our life!4.__________ widely English is used in the world!5.__________ big the kite he made is!6.__________ great help he has give us!7.__________ great fun it is to play with them!8.__________ lazy the boy looks!9.__________ heavily it rained last night!10.__________ unusual day they have just had in the small village!10.写出下列划线部分的发音:*stage / / actor / / track / / practice / / attract / / captain / / / / Italy / / Italian / / graduate / // / chance / / ch ampion / / / /*guest / / event / / / / enter / / especially / / / / excellent / /*golden / / donate / / college / / problem / / costume / / honest / / nothing / / worry / /*dull / / success / / / / luck / / success / / humorous / / amusing / /*announce / / young / / cousin / / country / /house / / round / / encourage / / through / /group / / though / /*window / / flower / /*idea / / break / / great / / dream / /real / / beat / / deaf / / weather / / heavy / /*serve / / actor / / lawyer / / interpreter / / / / inventor / / enter / / / /*dialogue / / guest / /*lawyer / / type / / openly / /11.用neither… , so…的句式来应答1. He has never been to China. _____________________ I.2. They will attend two meetings next week. _____________________ she.3. She has no class on Sunday. _____________________ we.4. The boy had to go there alone. _____________________ she.5. His handwriting is good. _____________________ her.6. The students of Class were having a test at that time.__________________ the students of Class Two.7. They won’t go there if it rains tomorrow. ____________________ we.12.Fill in the blanks with the words in their proper forms:1.Please go with me if it __________ (rain) tomorrow.2.They ________ (prepare) for the test when Mr. Li _________ (come) here just now.3.If they __________ (not pass) the exam, we __________ (help) them.4.He __________ (not see) his mother since he __________ (join) the army.5.The boy _________ (sing) while his mother __________(do) some cooking. this morning.6.We _________ (go) __________ (camp) if it __________ (not rain) next week.7.It __________ (rain) hard when I __________ (get) home yesterday afternoon.8.How long ________you _________ (live)here since you _________ (leave) middle school.9.They __________ (have) a party when the contest __________ (be) over tomorrow.10.We will borrow the magazines as soon as we __________ (be) free.plete the following dialogues:1. A: Thank you. / ( many) Thanks. / Thanks a lot.B: You _________ _________./ That’s _________ _________. / It’s _________ _________.2. A: I’m sorry.B: That’s _________ _________. / That’s ________. / It _________ _________. / _________ _________.3. A: Would like to join the singing group? B: Yes, _________ _________ _________.4. A: Would you like some coffee?B: Yes, _________. / No, _________. / Yes, just _________ _________ please.5. A: Would you like me to help you with your lessons?B: That’s _______ _______ ______ you.6. A: Would you like to have dinner with us?B: I’m afraid not. I’m too busy. Thank you _______ _______ _______.7. A: Shall we go there by ourselves?B: It( That ) sounds __________. / That’s _________ _________ _________.8. A: Let’s go to the Chinese restau rant. B: _________ _________.9. A: Let’s go to the Chinese restaurant, okay ( shall we )?B: _________, _________.10. A: Would you mind my opening the windows?B: _______ not. / _______ _______ not. / Not _______ _______. Please go ahead.14.“when” or “while”?(1). He was listening to the radio _________ his mother was cooking.(2). He was listening to the radio _________ his mother came back.(3). Some questions are easy, ________ others are not.15. Choose the best answer:(1). Because they started too late this morning _______ they were late.A. andB. soC. /D. yet(2). Though it was raining hard ,________ the students were running outside.A. butB. soC. andD. still(3)I think you've learned a lot in China ________ you came here.A. sinceB. ifC. beforeD. that(4)Go to see the doctor at once , ________ your cold may get worse.A. andB. soC. /D. or( ) 1. ---- Sorry, Tommy. I’ve lost your book.---- ________I’ve got another copy.A. You’re welcomeB. That’s all rightC. I hope soD. Of course not ( ) 2. ---- I’m sorry that I can’t join you in the discussion. ---- _________.A.That’s a good idea.B. Do you think so?C. That’s all right.D. I don’t agree with you.( ) 3. ---- Sorry I’m late, Debbie. I missed the right underground.---- _______ I’ve just got here myself.A. That’s right.B. I’m all right.C. All right.D. That’s all right. ( ) 4. ---- I’m really sorry about that.---- _________Which of the following is wrong?A. That’s right.B. It doesn’t matterC. Not at allD. Never mind ( ) 5. ---- I’m so sorry I left my homework at home.---- ________ Remember to bring it tomorrowA. That’s all right.B. You’re welcome.C. I’m glad to hear that.D. My pleasure. ( ) 6. ---- I’m terribly sorry, but I’ve broken your walkman. ---- _________.A. You’re welcome.B. That’s all right.C. Of course not.D. It’s my pleasure. ( ) 7. ---- I’m sorry for having kept you waiting so long. ---- _________A. That’s all right.B. All right.C. It’s nothing.D. My pleasure. ( ) 8. ---- Would you mind turning off the light before you leave the room ? ---- _________.A. Thank youB. CertainlyC. That’s all rightD. Of course not ( ) 9. ---- Would you mind opening the door for me? ---- _________.A. Never mindB. So do I.C. Certainly notD. You’re welcome ( ) 10. ---- Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window? ---- _________.A. Yes, pleaseB. No, don’t mindC. CertainlyD. Of course not ( ) 11. ---- Would you mind repairing the MP3 player for me? ---- ___________.A. Never mindB. Don’t worryC. Not at allD. I’m glad you like it ( ) 12. ---- Do you mind telling me where are you from? ---- ___________.A.Certainly, I’m from LondonB. Sure. I was born in LondonC. Not really, you can do itD. Certainly not. I’m from London ( ) 13. ---- Would you mind watering the flowers for me while I’m away? --- _________ .A. Not at allB. Never mindC. No pleaseD. Sorry, I can’t ( ) 14. ---- I think we can finish the work in an hour. ---- _________.A.I thought so.B. Yes, we can.C.I agree with you.D.I didn’t agree with you. ( ) 15. ---- I think Shanghainess food is better than Sicuan food---- _________.In my opinion, Sicuan food is better.A.I think so, too.B. That’s a good idea.C.I don’t agree.D. No problem. ( ) 16. ---- You look beautiful in this new dress. ---- ___________.A. Me too.B. Thank you.C. All right.D. Not at all.( ) 17. ---- Good luck and have a nice weekend. ---- __________.A. The same to you.B.I think so, too.C. You’re welcome.D. That’s all right. ( ) 18. ---- Could you tell me the way to Shanghai Grand Theatre? ---- _________.A. Yes , I could.B. I’m sorry I’m new here.C. I’m busy now.D. You can ask others.( ) 19. ---- Tim has broken his leg and the doctor told him to stay in bed for weeks.---- _________.A. Sorry to hear that.B. That’s all right.C. Never mind.D. Thanks a lot. ( ) 20. ---- Could you help me carry the heavy box, young man? ---- __________.A. My favoriteB. With pleasureC. You’re rightD. Don’t worry15.注意一些词组中的反身代词的使用enjoy oneself , teach oneself , look after oneself , ( by ) oneself = alone = on one’s ownHe bought a watch for himself.He himself cooked the dinner.16. 习惯用语:书上有的,与感叹句有关的书上的几个句式, 名词的辨析,17.兼类词:( 注意书后的附录)land: v. , n. train: v. , n.score: v. , n. report: v. , n.own: v. , n. , adj.18. 首字母(运动会获文艺节目,书上课文要背熟)。
初三上期末复习资料
初三上期末复习资料初三上期末复习资料初三上学期即将结束,期末考试将成为我们检验所学知识的重要一环。
为了帮助同学们有一个高效的复习过程,我整理了一些初三上期末复习资料,希望对大家有所帮助。
一、语文语文作为我们的母语课程,是我们学习其他学科的基础。
在初三上学期,我们学习了很多文学作品,如《红楼梦》、《西游记》等。
在复习时,我们可以通过阅读和分析这些文学作品来加深对其中人物、情节和主题的理解。
此外,我们还要重点复习语文的基础知识,如词语辨析、句子结构等。
可以通过做题来巩固这些知识点,同时也可以参考一些语文辅导书籍,进行有针对性的复习。
二、数学数学是一个需要大量练习的学科,只有通过不断的练习,我们才能掌握其中的解题技巧和方法。
在初三上学期,我们学习了代数、几何和概率等知识点。
在复习时,我们可以根据自己的掌握情况,有针对性地选择题目进行练习。
此外,我们还要特别注意数学中的一些常见错误,如运算符号的混淆、计算过程的漏洞等。
通过仔细分析这些错误,并进行纠正,可以帮助我们在考试中避免类似的错误。
三、英语英语作为一门国际语言,对我们的未来发展有着重要的影响。
在初三上学期,我们学习了很多语法知识和词汇,同时也进行了大量的听说读写训练。
在复习时,我们可以通过做一些模拟试题来巩固这些知识点,并提高我们的应试能力。
此外,我们还可以通过听英语广播、看英语电影等方式来提高我们的听力和阅读能力。
这不仅可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用所学知识,还可以培养我们的语感和语言表达能力。
四、科学科学是一个需要实践和观察的学科,通过实验和观察,我们可以更好地理解和应用所学知识。
在初三上学期,我们学习了物理、化学和生物等科学知识。
在复习时,我们可以通过做一些实验和观察来加深对这些知识点的理解。
此外,我们还要特别注意科学中的一些实验步骤和安全注意事项。
在进行实验时,我们要严格按照实验步骤进行,并保证实验的安全性。
五、历史和地理历史和地理是我们了解和认识世界的重要学科。
初三化学初三化学上册期末复习题及答案
初三化学上册期末复习题及答案一、九年级化学上册选择题1.蜡烛(足量)在如图所示密闭的集气瓶内燃烧至熄灭,测得瓶内氧气体积分数的变化如图所示。
下列判断正确的是A.蜡烛燃烧前瓶内只有氧气B.瓶内氧气体积分数小于一定值时,蜡烛无法燃烧C.过程中瓶内物质总质量不断减少D.蜡烛熄灭后瓶内只剩二氧化碳气体2.一定质量的木炭与过量氧气在密闭容器内加热使其充分反应,下图中能正确反映容器内有关的量随时间变化关系的图象是()A.B.C.D.3.把一定质量的a、b、c、d四种物质放入一密闭容器中,在一定条件下反应一段时间后,测得反应后各物质的质量如下。
下列说法中正确的是()物质a b c d反应前的质量(g) 6.4 3.2 4.0 2.8反应后的质量(g) 5.2x7.2 2.8A.x=2B.d是催化剂,加快反应速率C.c不是化合物D.反应前后原子的数目不变4.在点燃的条件下,2.6g的C2H2与7.2g的O2恰好完全反应,生成6.6gCO2、1.8gH2O和ag的X.下列关于该反应的说法不正确的是()A.a=1.4B.X的化学式为COC.X中的氧元素与消耗的氧气质量之比为1:9D.该反应的化学方程式为:C2H2+2O2点燃CO2+H2O+CO5.下列问题的研究中,没有利用....对比实验思想方法的是()A.研究空气中氧气含量B.比较金属活动性C.研究燃烧的条件D.研究二氧化碳与水反应6.由X、Y两种元素组成的化合物,其相对分子质量为76,已知Y元素核内有8个质子和8个中子,X元素核内质子数和中子数分别比Y元素少1个,则该化合物化学式为A.X2Y5B.X2Y3C.XY2D.X2Y7.一氧化碳和二氧化碳的混合物8g,通过足量的炽热的氧化铜,充分反应后所得气体通入足量澄清石灰水,其质量增加了9. 6g,则原混合气体中二氧化碳的质量为A.2. 8gB.4. 4gC.5.2gD.7.2g8.气体由CH4、C2H4、C2H2中的一种或几种组成,取气体样品在氧气中完全燃烧,测得生成的二氧化碳和水的质量比为22:9,下列对该气体组成的判断正确的是()A.该气体可能含有CH4B.该气体可能是由C2H4和C2H2组成C.该气体- -定含有C2H4D.该气体不可能同时含有CH4、C2H2、C2H29.下列推理不正确的是①燃烧过程中伴随着发光放热,所以有发光放热现象的变化一定是燃烧②由同种分子构成的物质为纯净物,但纯净物不一定由同种分子构成③单质只含一种元素,所以含一种元素的物质一定是单质④物理变化没有新物质生成,所以没有新物质生成的变化一定是物理变化⑤氧化物都含有氧元素,所以含有氧元素的化合物一定是氧化物A.①②③⑤B.①②⑤C.①③⑤D.①④⑤10.科学研究发现:金星大气层的成分之一是三氧化二碳(C2O3),实验证明三氧化二碳的化学性质与一氧化碳相似。
江苏省译林版牛津版九年级上册9A 期末综合提优复习(含答案)
译林版牛津英语9A 期末综合提优复习一、单项选择1.---President Xi gave ________exciting speech on TV at the end of last year.--- Yes. What______ great progress we Chinese made last year!A.an; aB. /; aC. an; /D. /; /2. ---What time does the first train to Beijing leave?---Wait a minute. I'm just .A. taking upB. picking upC. making upD. looking up3. Huawei phones are _____ attractive that _____ many people would like to buy one.A. such; suchB. so; soC. such; soD. so; such4. Why not _____your teacher for advice when you don’t know _____ the problems?A. ask; what to do withB. to ask; how to deal withC. ask; what to deal withD. to ask; how to do with.5. I don’t think it’s wise of you to ________ your knowledge in front of the manager,for it may offend(冒犯) him.A. take offB. put offC. turn offD. show off6.. ---When shall we go to watch the basketball match in the sports centre?---_________ the work _________ tomorrow.A. Until; will be finishedB. Until ; has finishedC. Not until ; will finishD. Not until ; is finished7. Most of the basketball players in the club are in their____ and they were born in_____.A. twentieth ; 1990sB. twentieth; the 1990sC. twenties; 1990sD. twenties; the 1990s8. _______of them felt tired but quite happy after_________ sports meeting.A. Everyone ; a two daysB. Every one; the two daysC. Every one; the two-dayD. None ; a two-day9. My cousin hasn’t found out _______?A. What’s wrong with his computerB. how long he has fallen in love with RoseC. how should he deal with his old bikeD. which was the way to the nearest bus stop10. He made up his mind to devote his life _______ pollution _______happily.A. to prevent; to liveB. to prevent; from livingC. to preventing; to liveD. to preventing; from living11. The handsome man_______ next door to us is very strange.A. which standsB. that standC. that standsD. who stand12. —What a heavy haze(雾霾)! The air pollution is terrible now.—It _________ worse unless we _________ action to protect the environment.A. is; will takeB. will be; takeC. will be; will takeD. won’t be; take13. The machine needs _________. You’d better ________.A. repaired; to have it fixedB. to be repaired; to have it fixedC. repairing; have it fixD. repairing; have it fixed14. The boy ____in the teachers' office was found___ yesterday.A. standing, smoke.B.standing,smokingC.stood:smoke.D.stood;smoking15. ---Some people now think there is no need to wear masks when going out.---We can’t be_______careful. __________________.A. so; Many hands make light workB. too; Actions speak louder than wordsC. too; Prevention is better than cureD. very; Don’t put all your eggs in one basket 二.完形填空Once there was a little girl living in a small, poor house on a hill. As she grew up, she began to play in her small 1__, she was able to see over the garden and across the valley awonderful house high on the hill -and that house had 2 __windows.Although she loved her family, she 3__ about how wonderful and exciting it must be to live in that golden house all day.Then she 4__ the age when she could play outside of her garden fence(篱笆),she asked her mother 5__ she could go for a bike ride outside the gate. Her mother thought for a while and 6__allowed her to go. The little girl rode her bike 7 __she gotto the gate of the golden house.As she leaned(倚靠)her bike 8__ the gatepost, she focused on the path that 9 __to the house and then on the house 10 __ and was so 11__ . All the windows were plain(普通的)brand and rather dirty.She was so sad that she didn't go any further. Heartbroken, she rode her bike back. As she12 _, she saw a sight that amazed her. There 13__ the valley on the other side was a little house. Its windows glistened(闪耀)golden as the 14__shone on her little house.She 15 _that she had been living in her golden house all along. Everything she dreamed was right there in front of her eyes and in her daily life!1. A. hill B. garden C. house D. room2. A. broken B. wooden C. golden D. modern3. A. wanted B. dreamed C. hoped D. wished4. A. reached B. arrived C. touched D. grew5. A. that B. even if C. as if D. if6. A. firstly B. friendly C. fully D. finally7. A. unless B. until C. since D. though8. A. against B. away C. off D. next9. A. showed B. arrived C. took D. led10. A. oneself B. itself C. herself D. himself11. A. satisfied B. pleased C. disappointed D. excited12. A. looked in B. looked up C. looked at D.looked down13. A. through B. toward C. across D. around14. A. stars B. planets C. sun D. moon15. A. required B. replied C. regretted D. realized三.阅读理解AA few years ago, my younger sister and I were the first to board our flight for Norfolk, Virginia. Just as we were about to board the plane, a mechanic came out of the aircraft and blocked the door with his arms. He turned to the flight attendant and hurriedly stated, “We got problems!”I thought to myself, "Why did I have to be the one to hear that? Why couldn't I have been at the back of the line? I didn't need to know that!" Very soon we were back in the terminal, waiting, and then finally back on the plane. I waited for the pilot to give an explanation. Pilots take courses to ease passengers’ mind, right? They know what to say to calm nerves.Unfortunately, I didn’t think this pilot took that course. Soon his voice thundered throughout the plane, “Sorry for the delay, ladies and gentlemen. We had no power on the plane. We have a generator on the ground right now, and we're going to jump-start the engine. Once we get them going, we’ll get up in the air and head to Norfolk, and see what happens.”See what happens? We were going to get up in the air, and see what happens? Couldn't we have another plan, one that's been worked out just a little better?At this point, all I could do was to laugh nervously. One woman started yelling, “Oh no! We’re going to crash!” There were sighs of desperation and anxiety spreading throughout the cabin. Finally, we got up in the air thirty minutes later, and what happened? Nothing-other than thrust(推力) and lift. We arrived in Norfolk, and no sooner had the wheels touched the ground than a round of applause burst out, as everyone throughout the airplane breathed a sigh of relief at the same time.Although, I did sincerely like to have a plan better than “see what happens” worked out when flying----it really isn't such a bad life strategy. Success will never be guaranteed. The best thing you can do is just get up in the air, and see what happens. Sometimes adjustments would be made in the air, or shall we say, in the middle of the process.1. The purpose of the text is to ______.A. introduce a frightening flight experienceB. prove that taking a plane is dangerousC. show a strategy of making plansD. tell readers a life strategy2.What event was beyond the author's expectation?A. The mechanic explained the problems to the passengers.B. The pilot said nothing to calm the passengers.C. The passengers arrived in Norfolk safely.D. The flight was delayed for half an hour.3. Having known the problems, many passengers .A. complained about the mechanic’s carelessnessB. stood up and started yellingC. waited calmly for the problems to be solvedD. felt desperate and anxious4. Which opinion would the author most probably hold?A. To ensure success, don't get started before you've got everything ready.B. To avoid repeating failure, give yourself all the reasons why you can't.C. To set up a business, don’t wait until you have everything you need.D. To achieve success, try to prepare for the worse.BBabies don’t learn to talk just from hearing sounds. They are lip (嘴唇) readers too. It happens during the period when a baby’s babbling (咿呀声) slowly changes from unclear voices into that first “mama” or “dada”. The babies have to find out how to shape their lips to make that particular sound they are hearing, according to developmental psychologist David Lewkowicz of Florida Atlantic University, who led the study.Clearly it doesn’t take them too long to understand the movements that match basic sounds. By their first birthdays, babies start changing back to look you in the eye again. It offers more evidence that quality face-time with babies is very important for speech development more than, say, turning on the latest baby DVD.But Lewkowicz went a step further. He and his student Amy Hansen Tift tested nearly 180 babies, groups of them at ages 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. How? They showed videos of a woman speaking in English or French to babies of English speakers. They found that when the speaker used English, the 4-month-old babies gazed (凝视) mostly into her eyes. The 6-month-old babies spent equal amounts (数量) of time looking at the eyes and the mouth. The 8-month-old babies and 10-month-old babies studied mostly the mouth. At 12 months, attention started changing back toward the speaker’s eyes.But what happened when these babies are used to English heard French? The 12-month-old babies studied the mouth longer, just like younger babies. They needed the extra information to understand the unfamiliar sounds. That fits with research into bilingualism (双语) that shows babi es’ brains adjust (调整) themselves to tell the differences between the sounds of their native language over other languages in the first year of life.The continued lip reading shows the 1-year-old babies clearly still are fit for learning. Babies are so hard to study, says Duke University cognitive scientist Greg Appelbaum, who found the research so fantastic that he wants to know more.1. According to the first paragraph, babies________.A. might get its voice “mama” by lip readingB. like to find out how to shape their lipsC. learn to talk just from hearing the soundsD. communicate with parents by gestures2. What is necessary in developing babies’ speech according to Lewkowicz?A. Speaking with babies face to face.B. Teaching babies to read English.C. Playing baby DVDs nearby.D. Speaking different languages in front of babies.3. Which of the following shows the right change of babies’ eye gaze according to the text?A B C D4. What would be the best title of the text?A. Babies Have Different Methods to TalkB. Babies Try Lip-reading in Learning to TalkC. Babies Are Suitable to Learn Two LanguagesD. Babies Can Easily Accept Foreign LanguageCIn the sci-fi film Sunshine, an astronaut named Mace must leave his spacecraft without a protective suit for 15 seconds. He makes it through with the damage (损害) as a result of being very cold. Have you ever wondered what might happen to your body in space without a spacesuit?On Earth, our atmos phere (air) protects us from the sun’s harmful UV rays, controls temperatures and also keeps a nice atmospheric pressure. The vacuum (真空) of space, however, is full of dangers.One of the serious dangers Mace might face in outer space is ebullism (体液沸腾). The pressure in the vacuum of space is so low that the boiling point of the fluids (液体) in your body drops below the body’s normal temperature (37℃), which results in the formation of gas bubbles in your fluids that can really make you feel aching.Another serious danger is the lack of oxygen. After around 15 seconds, yourbody would have used up all of the oxygen in your body and you’d lose consciousness (意识). Some of you may be thinking “But I can hold my breath for minutes!” The situation in space is a little different than here on Earth because of the lack of outside pressure, and if you held your breath in space without a suit you’d be in a big trouble. This is because any remaining air would rapidly enlarge, breaking the lungs.After losing consciousn ess, you’ll probably last a couple of minutes at most before you die. Of course, there’s all that awful UV from the Sun which is going to give you serious sunburn, likely leading to cancer.Is it the damage for coldness a reasonable result of Sunshine’s su itless spacewalk? Actually, it’s extremely cold in space, but astronauts wouldn’t immediately freeze because heat leaves the body very slowly in a vacuum. Therefore, the cold wouldn’t cause Mace too much harm in just 15 seconds, even if he faced the very lowest temperatures in space. The more likely damage would be caused from the enlargement and breaking of the skin’s small blood vessels (血管).Anyway, obviously it’s never a good idea to go into space without some kind of protection. But don’t lose hope bec ause you are probably saved with timely help before you die, so keep up.1. Where can we read the passage?A. In a magazine.B. In a diary.C. In a movie poster.D. In a how-to book.2. What does the writer think of the air or the vacuum?A. The vacuum helps astronauts walking and living in space.B. The air supplies living protection and temperature control.C. The air brings people serious problems sometimes on Earth.D. The pressure of vacuum in space increases the boiling point.3. What is the purpose of writing this passage?A. To encourage readers to watch the film Sunshine.B. To show the readers many serious air problems.C. To discuss the causes of cancer from the sunburn.D. To explain the unreasonable damage in the film.4. What is the best title of the passage?A. Keep Alive in SpaceB. Walking Freely in SpaceC. Without a SpacesuitD. Coldness Damage in Space四.词汇运用A.根据所给汉语提示写出恰当的单词,每空一词。
初三上学期期末复习
学霸教育学科教师辅导讲义知识图谱空气一.拉瓦锡测定空气成分的实验二百多年前,法国化学家拉瓦锡通过实验,得出了空气由氧气和氮气组成,其中氧气约占空气总体积的1/5的结论。
实验中涉及的化学方程式有:2Hg+O 22HgO 和2HgO2Hg+O 2↑。
二.测定空气中氧气含量的实验【实验原理】4P+5O 22P 2O 5【实验装置】如右图所示。
弹簧夹关闭。
集气瓶内加入少量水,并做上记号。
【实验步骤】1.连接装置,并检查装置的气密性。
2.点燃燃烧匙内的红磷,立即伸入集气瓶中,并塞紧塞子。
3.红磷熄灭并冷却后,打开弹簧夹。
【实验现象】1.红磷燃烧,产生大量白烟;2.放热;若后打开弹簧夹,水沿着导管进入集气瓶中,进入集气瓶内水的体积约占集气瓶空气总体积的1/5。
空气和氧气知识精讲【实验结论】1.红磷燃烧消耗空气中的氧气,生成五氧化二磷固体; 2.空气中氧气的体积约占空气总体积的1/5。
三.空气的成分四.空气是一种宝贵的资源1.氮气(1)物理性质:无色无味的气体,不易溶于水,密度比空气的密度略小。
(2)化学性质:化学性质不活泼,一般情况下不能支持燃烧,不能供给动植物呼吸。
(3)用途:①制硝酸和化肥的重要原料(这一点可以证明空气中含有氮气);②用作保护气(焊接金属时作保护气、灯泡充氮延长使用寿命、食物充氮防腐); ③医疗上在液氮冷冻麻醉条件下做手术; ④超导材料在液氮的低温条件下显示超导性能。
2.稀有气体(氦、氖、氩、氪、氙的总称)(1)物理性质:没有颜色,没有气味的气体,难溶于水。
通电时能发出不同颜色的光。
(2)化学性质:化学性质很不活泼。
所以稀有气体又叫做惰性气体。
(3)用途:①用作保护气(焊接金属时作保护气、灯泡中充入稀有气体使灯泡耐用);②用作光源(如航标灯、强照明灯、闪光灯、霓虹灯等);③用于激光技术;④氦气可作冷却剂;⑤氙气可作麻醉剂。
五.空气污染和防治1.空气污染的污染物是有害气体和烟尘。
污染源包括煤、石油等化石燃料燃烧产生的二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳(三大有害气体),还包括工业废气等方面。
初三化学初三化学上册期末复习题及答案
初三化学上册期末复习题及答案一、九年级化学上册选择题1.在光照条件下,AgNO3可分解为Ag、O2和某种氮的氧化物X.取一定质量的AgNO3固体充分光照,测得反应后生成Ag、O2、X的质量分别为21.6g、mg、9.2g。
下列说法正确的是()A.AgNO3固体应密封保存在无色细口瓶中B.m=3.2C.X的化学式为NOD.该反应方程式中Ag与O2的化学计量数之比为3:22.向原煤中加入适量生石灰制成“环保煤”,可减少二氧化硫的排放,生石灰吸收二氧化硫的化学方程式为:2CaO + mSO2 + O2 = mCaSO4,则m的值是( )A.1 B.2 C.3 D.43.除去下列各组物质中的杂质,所用试剂和方法均正确的是()A.A B.B C.C D.D4.下列实验操作中,能达到实验目的的是A.A B.B C.C D.D5.取2%的NaOH溶液20g和2%的HCl溶液20g,使其充分反应,所得到的溶液能使紫色石蕊试液显A.红色B.蓝色C.无色D.紫色6.电解水时为了增强水的导电性可加入少量氢氧化钠溶液(氢氧化钠栄参与反应),电解一定质量氢氧化钠稀溶液的过程中,下列说法正确的是A.生成氢气和氧气的质量比为2:1 B.溶液中钠元素质量变大C.溶液中氢、氧元素质量比不变 D.溶液中氢元素质量分数减小7.下列图像对应的关系正确的是A.表示水通电分解产生的气体质量m与反应时间t的关系B.表示两份完全相同的双氧水在有无MnO2的情况下,产生O2的质量m与反应时间t的关系C.表示硫在密闭容器内燃烧,容器内物质的总质量m与反应时间t的关系D.表示加热一定质量的氯酸钾和二氧化锰混合物,产生氧气的质量m与时间t的关系8.实验室中有一瓶气体,它由氢气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、甲烷中的一种或几种组成(甲烷燃烧生成水和二氧化碳),用它进行如图所示实验,对该瓶气体中可能有哪些气体,某同学做了如下判断:a.可能是甲烷b.可能是甲烷和氢气c.可能是甲烷和一氧化碳d.可能是氢气和一氧化碳e.可能是甲烷、氢气和一氧化碳,其中判断正确的个数为()A.1个B.3个C.4个D.5个9.将14.6g已部分氧化的锌粉,加入到19610%g的稀硫酸中,恰好完全反应.则所得溶液中溶质的质量为()A.19g B.30.1g C.32.2g D.36.2g10.以下归纳和总结完全正确的一组是A、对现象的认识B、对安全的认识①气体压缩,气体分子之间的间隔变小②活性炭除去异味,活性炭具有吸附性③电解水时正极与负极产生的气体质量比为1:2①点燃可燃性气体前一定要验纯②煤矿矿井要保持通风、严禁烟火③家中天然气泄漏赶紧打开排风扇C、对鉴别除杂方法的认识D、对人物贡献的认识①区分硬水和软水,加肥皂水后搅拌②除去CO2中少量CO,通入足量灼热的氧化铜③除去CaO中CaCO3,高温充分煅烧①拉瓦锡--测定空气组成②门捷列夫--元素周期表③张青莲--测定水的组成A.A B.B C.C D.D11.一定质量的乙醇燃烧,得到二氧化碳、一氧化碳和水的总质量为 27.6g,其中水为10.8g。
初三期末考试复习计划书(精选5篇)
初三期末考试复习计划书(精选5篇)初三期末考试复习计划书篇11.语文:平时注意字词,语文书下面的注释尤其重要。
平时要注意课后古诗背诵,要熟而生巧。
平时注意散文阅读、议论文阅读。
建议:订购微型小说,每天看,考试阅读必胜!2.数学:随着化学课程的展开,数学解题方法对化学至关重要。
因此,每天你首要任务是预习,这样,不懂的第二天上课带着问题听课,绝对胜过好学生!还有,建议:订《天府数学》资料,这个资料非常好,我以前数学差得很,后来,我每天看例题,不懂在问老师。
后期数学猛进。
其实,学习数学不要想的复杂化,要渗透理解定理、概念。
3.物理:本期物理相对于初二下较容易。
难点有:密度、摩擦力、杠杆、浮力。
但是,学物理重在观察、勤思考!对于公式,一定要结合概念来。
比如浮力概念,浮力等于该物体排开液体的重力。
这个概念如果理解渗透,解题自然快。
因此,学物理一定要注重概念,初三力学重在受力分析,一定注意!4.化学:其实化学最容易。
一开始,你要注重老师做的实验,这样,培养你的学习化学兴趣,以后你学的较轻松。
到后头,离子、化合价、质量守恒定律较难,但你别想的太难,记住:学习化学也要渗透理解概念,多练习,这几个部分是最基本,特别是化合价,质量守恒。
化学公式较少,但是推断题最难。
当你学到酸碱盐一部分,一定要背熟化学反应,还要记住特别地离子鉴定方法。
次难是溶液,特别是溶解度,这个时候,你要有一定的函数思想,函数必须学好!否则,你看溶解度曲线必昏头!总之,化学不难,重在理解,你一定成功的!5.英语:呵呵,英语,其实一句话,学英语,就是学语言,学语言,一定不要忘了用嘴说。
初三英语语法主要是:被动语态、定语从句、状语从句。
学习语法别忘了分条记忆,这样,降低记忆难度。
学习英语你会发现,挺快掌握的。
6.政史:俗话:政史不分家。
不错,学政治也在学历史。
首先,政治要知道时事新闻,比如:才发生的7.6乌鲁木齐案,考试时很容易作为材料来考。
答题时,要知道要运用什么知识,比如,7.6乌鲁木齐案,要用到:祖国主权的问题、民族统一意义,违法行为的不良后果,违法犯罪的相容性,民族制度等。
九年级上学期期末复习
2
U W U2 R R P=____=____=____=____ IU I2R ;Q=_____;I=____ I2Rt t
热量,单位是_____ 焦耳 ,符号是____ Q代表____ J 电能 ,单位是_______ 焦耳 ,符号是_____ W代表_____ J 秒 ,符号是_____ 时间 ,单位是_____ t代表_____ S 电功率 ,单位是瓦特 P代表__________ _______,符号是____ W 伏特 ,符号是____ 电压 ,单位是_____ U代表_____ V 安培 ,符号是____ 电流 ,单位是_____ A I代表______ 欧姆 ,符号是Ω 电阻 ,单位是_____ R代表______ ____
?
如何科学地比较不同物质的这种特性
小结:
物质的比热容跟密度相似,也是物质的特性 之一.
对某种确定的物质来讲,比热容是一个确 定的数值,跟物体质量的大小、温度改变的多 少、物体的形状、体积、位置等无关,它仅与 物质的种类和状态有关。 因此,可以用比热容来鉴别物质的种类。
•
下面我们练习一下电流表的读数
W P P U2 Pt P U I ;R=_____ P W=____;t=____;I=____;U=____
Q吸=cm△t Q放=mq η= Q吸/Q放
(3)研究电磁铁的磁性跟线圈匝数的关系 实验 改变线圈匝数
现象
多 匝数越______, 强 磁性越______.
结论
越多 当电流一定时,电磁铁线圈的匝数______, 越强 磁性______.
实验结论 电磁铁通电时____ 有 磁性,断电时磁性 消失 ;通过电磁铁的电流越____ 大 ,电磁 ______ 越强 ;当电流一定时,电磁铁 铁的磁性______ 越多 ,磁性____. 越强 线圈的匝数_____ 电磁铁的优点 通断电 来控制 电磁铁磁性有无,可用________ 改变电流大小 来控制 电磁铁磁性强弱,可用_____________ 改变电流方向 来实现。 电磁铁的极性变换,可用_____________
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ACE 45
AE 6 1 EC 3 3
例题解析----提高题
例5 平移二次函数 y
1 2 x 4 x 1, 使之经过点A(-3,6),B(-1,0) 2
(1) 求平移后的函数解析式 分析:先找点 1 2 3 A(-3,6) y x - x - 0得x1 1, x2 3 ∴C(3,0) 2 2 1 y ( x 1) 2 - 2得顶点 P(1,-2) 2
例4 如图,在平面直角坐标系中,A(2,2),点B、C在y轴上, BC=8,AB=AC,直线AB与x轴相交于点D. CF y (2) 求∠CAD的正弦 在Rt ACF中, sin CAD
(0,6)B
2 2
AC (2 0) (2 2) 2 5 OD 3 5 A(2,2) (0,2)E 在Rt BOD 中,sin B BD 5 32 6 2 D (3,0) CF O x F 在Rt BCF中,sin B BC C (0,-2) 8 5 CF 5 CF 求出CF是关键 5 8 5 8 5 CF在RtBCF中 4 sin CAD 5 已知BC 8 可知B 2 5 5 在Rt BOD 中 Rt∆的构作与可解直角三角形的探寻,
例题解析----基础题
例2 如图,∠ACB=90°AB=15, tan A 4 , DE垂直平分AG, 3 联结DG交BC于点M. BM=8, 求证:EM//AB
B
证 : 在Rt ABC中 4 BM AE AB 15, tan A BC AC 3 15 BC 12, AC 9 D 8 求AE BM 8 在Rt MCG中, MC 4 M 求AG 4 又 tan G tan A 4 3 CG 3 求CG 6 A E C 3 G AG 3 9 12 AE 6 B BM 8 2 AE 6 2 三角形一边 BC 12 3 AC 9 3 5k=15 平行线的判定 =12 4k BM AE EM // AB BC AC A 3k C =9
A
=12 4k
3k C =9
四边形AEHB是平行四边形 EM // AB
例题解析----基础题
例2 如图,∠ACB=90°AB=15, tan A 4 , DE垂直平分AG, 3 联结DG交BC于点M. BM=8, 求证:EM//AB B H 即时小结 解法三分析:
15
D
过点B作BH//AE,
C(3,0) (-3,0) E(-1,0)B O D在x轴上,设D(x,0)
1 2 3 y x -x2 2
P(1,-2)
x 再分析:再找△DCP和△ABC 作AE⊥x轴,垂足E(-3,0)
在RtAEC 中, tan ACE
(2)设点C为平移后抛物线与x 轴的另一个交点,点P为顶 点,点D在x轴上,若△DCP 和△ABC相似,请求出点D 的坐标。
2 2
AC
求出CF是关键 ABC
CF是AB边上的高 AE是BC 边上的高
CF
8 5 4 sin CAD 5 2 5 5
8 5 5
例题解析----提高题
例5 平移二次函数 y
1 2 x 4 x 1, 使之经过点A(-3,6),B(-1,0) 2
(1) 求平移后的函数解析式 A(-3,6) y
OB , OD已知
成为解题要法
AC
例题解析----提高题
例4 如图,在平面直角坐标系中,A(2,2),点B、C在y轴上, BC=8,AB=AC,直线AB与x轴相交于点D. CF y (2) 求∠CAD的正弦 在RtACF中, sin CAD
(0,6)B (0,2)E
O
(0,-2)
C
解法二 AC (2 0) (2 2) 2 5 1 A(2,2) S ABC AB CF 2 D (3,0) 1 x F S ABC BC AE 2 BC 8, AE 2, AB 2 5
例题解析----基础题
例2 如图,∠ACB=90°AB=15, tan A 4 , DE垂直平分AG, 3 联结DG交BC于点M. BM=8, 求证:EM//AB
B
15
解法二分析:
计算可得MC 4, CG 3 1 AE AG 6 2 EC AC - AE 96 3
例题解析----基础题
例1 如图,在∆ ABC中,AB=AC=5 ,BC=6,求∠A的正弦值 A D5
4
Rt∆ACE和Rt∆BCD中 利用三角比 ∠C为公共角
在Rt∆BCD中 sin C
BD BD BC 6
在Rt∆AEC中 sin C
AE 4 AC 5
B
E
6
C
BD AE BD 4 24 BD 24 BD sin A BC AC 6 5 5 AB 25
8
M
4
A
6
E 3C3 G
B
交EM延长线于点H BH // CE BH BM CE CM 已知BM 8,
可求MC 4, CE 3 BH 6 BH // AE
证明两线平行的 常用方法 三线八角型 特殊四边形 三角形一边平行 的判定定理
5k=15
A
=12 4k
3k C =9
EF是BD的中垂线 EB ED,FB FD
B
F
C
又 EF EF ΔEBF ΔEDF
1 2 120
EDF ABC 60
2 3 120 3 1 AD CF AED ∽△CDF AE CD
即 AD CD AE CF
4
例题解析----提高题
例4 如图,在平面直角坐标系中,A(2,2),点B、C在y轴上, BC=8,AB=AC,直线AB与x轴相交于点D. y (1) 求过点A、C、D三点的二次函数解析式
(0,6)B (0,2)E
O
(0,-2)
C
D 已知A(2,2) C 过点A作AE⊥BC,垂足为点E. A(2,2) ∵AB=AC ∴BE=CE D (3,0) ∵BC=8 ∴BE=CE=4 x ∵E(0,2) ∴C(0,-2) ∴B(0,6) AE BE 2 4 即 ∵AE//DO OD 3 OD BO OD 6 ∴D(3,0) 解 : 设y ax 2 bx c(a 0)
第十五讲 初三第一学期期末复习
西南位育中学 刘辰
知识梳理
比例线段和三角形一边的平行线 相似三角形 相似三角形的判定 相似三角形的性质 向量的线性运算 锐角三角比 锐角三角比的概念 解直角三角形及应用 二次函数 图像性质 函数解析式
例题解析----基础题
例1 如图,在∆ ABC中,AB=AC=5 ,BC=6,求∠A的正弦值 A 过点B作BD⊥AC,垂足为点D x 设 AD=x, 则 CD=5-x 利用勾股定理 D5 5
解 : 设y
1 2 x bx c 2
(-1,0)B O
x
6 0
1 (3) 2 3b c 2 1 (1) 2 b c 2
b 1 3 c 2
得二次函数解析式为 : y
1 2 3 x -x2 2
例题解析----提高题
例5 平移二次函数 y
1 2 x 4 x 1, 使之经过点A(-3,6),B(-1,0) 2
(1) 求平移后的函数解析式 分析:先找点 1 2 3 A(-3,6) y x - x - 0得x1 1, x2 3 ∴C(3,0) 2 2 1 y ( x 1) 2 - 2得顶点 P(1,-2) 2
4 a 3 14 b 3 c 2
2 (2) 2 a 2b c 2 2 (0) a 0 b c 0 (3) 2 a 3b c
4 14 y - x2 x 2 3 3
例题解析----提高题
四边形AEHB是平行四边形 EM // AB
例题解析----基础题
例3 如图, 正△ABC边长为6,AD=2.BD的垂直平分线交AB于 点E,交BC于点F,联结ED、FD. (1)求证 AD CD AE CF
A E
3 2
即证
D
1
在△AED和△CDF中
AD CF AE CD
A C 60
B
15
H
D
解法三分析: 过点B作BH//AE,
四边形AEHB是 平行四
4
A
6
E 3C3 G
B
交EM延长线于点H BH // CE BH BM CE CM 已知BM 8,
可求MC 4, CE 3 BH 6 BH // AE
平行四边形 的判定方法
5k=15
例题解析----基础题
例3 如图, 正△ABC边长为6,AD=2.BD的垂直平分线交AB 于点E,交BC于点F,联结ED、FD. (2)求 DE 的值
A 6-x E
3 x
2 D
1
AE AD=2 ED AED∽△CDF CD=4 CF DF
DF
设DE=x,DF=y,则AE=6-x,CF=6-y 6 --x x 6 x 2 2 x 代入得 又 AD 2.CD 4 代入得 B F 6-y C 4 6 --y y 4 6 y y 6 x x 6 -- x x 4 y 4 y 方程思想 另解:ED+AE=6 14 △AED的周长=6+2=8 消y解得5 x 2 14 x 0, x1 0, x2 2 x 5 2 x 同理,DF+CF=6 6 -- y y 6 y y △CDF的周长=6+4=10 DE 4 14 6- x 4 DE CAED 8 4 将x2 代入 即 5 4 5 DF 5 DF CCDF 10 5 整体代换 y