General Knowledge of A&B Politics

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General_knowledge_quiz.pdf

General Knowledge QuizListen. Answer the question.1. Which Dutch painter cut off part of his ear? Vincent van Gogh2. In which country is the Great Barrier Reef? Australia3. What color is chlorophyll? Green4. What is the capital of Thailand? Bangkok5. How many points are scored for a touchdown in American football? Six6. Which soft green egg-shaped fruit comes from New Zealand? The Kiwi fruit7. Who was the youngest Beatle? George Harrison8. What language do the people of Brazil speak? Portuguese9. Who lives at number four, Privet Drive? Harry Potter10. In which city is the cathedral of Nôtre Dame? Paris11. What color is the middle stripe of the French flag? White12. Who wrote a famous diary while hiding from the Nazis in Amsterdam? Anne Frank13. Who directed, Jaws, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and ET? Steven Spielberg14. Who was the leading actress in Sleepless in Seattle and You’ve Got Mail? Meg Ryan15. What is the family name of JFK? Kennedy16. How many players are there in a baseball team? Nine17. What is the national sport of Japan Sumo wrestling18. In which country was Buddha born? Nepal19. What nationality was Picasso? Spanish20. Whose nose grew longer every time he told a lie? Pinocchio21. On what date did Osama Bin Laden's Al Queda organization attack America? September 11th22. In which galaxy do we live? The Milky Way23. In which year did the Titanic sink? 191224. Who painted The Scream? Edvard Munch25. Who directed The Seven Samurai? Akira Kurosawa26. What is the smallest breed of dog? The Chihuahua27. Which French wine is released every year on the third Thursday of November? Beaujolais nouveau28. What does Alice follow down a hole into Wonderland? The White Rabbit29. On what date do the people of England eat Christmas dinner? December 25th30. Who sang Yellow Submarine? The Beatles31. On which flag is there an eagle and a snake? Mexico32. Who was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover? Queen Victoria33. Which American city was once called New Amsterdam? New York34. In which country is the bay of pigs? Cuba35. Grace Kelly was the princess of which country? Morocco36. What is the capital of Pakistan? Islamabad37. Who performed the world's first human heart transplant? Christian Barnard38. What is the second largest country in the world by area? Canada39. Who was the father of Alexander the Great? Phillip II of Macedon40. Who was the king of Troy during the Trojan War? Priam。

翻译综合材料

翻译资料汇编TextⅠ在纽约，这段时候可以常常听到圣诞歌声从街口的什么地方传出来，哪怕是在最脏的七号线车站，许多人在这里换车，黄昏时，这里上楼梯要排队。

车从这里的地铁爬上天桥，颤颤巍巍地从又乱又脏的街区开过去，往下一望，有时会看到一栋破极了的大楼的窗子里，有一些脸色神秘的东方人，穿着日式的大黑衣服，在练拳。

再往下一望，看到一个穿脏花裙子的黑老女人，摇摆着生了痛风病的胖腿，拿着一个大塑料袋，气息奄奄地走过去。

要是心情恍惚的话，会以为自己走到好莱坞的影城里去了，这里正好是在拍犯罪片。

这里也是美国啊，做着美国发财享福梦的人，要在这个站口哭起来。

那一天，近着圣诞节了，我在这里换车。

天气寒冷又潮湿，人们慢慢地向前动着，要上楼去换7号线。

在边上，我看到一只大大的灰老鼠一闪而过。

报纸上说，纽约地铁里的老鼠，有七岁孩子的智慧，也许这是真的，地铁里的老鼠，那一闪而过的黑眼睛里，有一种马上可以说话一般的神情。

然后，我听到有孩子的声音，随着小手风琴，在唱歌，在唱《平安夜》。

他们站在楼梯口，一个老人和一个孩子，孩子一手拿着小红铁筒，一手摇着小铁铃铛，黑色大衣上的小脸，被冷空气激得红红的。

经过他们的人，有的摸出钱来放在孩子的小红铁筒里，那洋铁的小筒，就丁地一响。

那是救世军在募集圣诞捐款。

寒冷的黄昏里，清脆的铃声响着，孩子在唱歌。

( 陈丹燕《圣诞歌声》) Usually at this time of the year, Christmas carols can be heard all over New York. They will waft from any street and lane, even from the dirtiest station of the dirtiest route, Route 7. Many people have to change trains here. When dusk falls, the commuters have to line up to move upstairs.The train is to climb up and onto the overpass and wobble its way through this dirty and messy block. Peering downwards and into the windows of some extremely dilapidated building, passengers may sometimes see some mysterious-looking Orientals dressed in Japanese-style dark suits practicing karate. Looking further downwards, they may see an elderly black woman wearing a dirty flowery skirt, and holding a big black plastic bag. Breathing with much difficulty, she is tottering along on legs swollen with gout. If one happens to be in a dreamy and imaginative mood, he might think he has blundered into Hollywood and happens to be watching the making of a crime film.This is America too! At the sight, some “rags to riches” dreamers might burst into tears.The other day, Christmas fast approaching, I was changing trains here. It was cold and wet. People inched forward, intending to change to Route 7. Suddenly I caught a glimpse of a king- size grayish rat scurrying by. Some newspapers say that the rats in New York have the IQ of a 7-year-old child. This may well be true. Scuttling by, those rats seem to be talking to you all the while with their dark glinting eyes.Then I heard the voice of a child, who was singing “Silent Night”to the accompaniment of a small accordion.They were standing at the foot of the stairs, an elderly man and a little boy. Holding a little red tin can in one hand, the boy was ringing an iron bell with the other. His little face that appeared above his black overcoat was flushed in the cold air. Some passengers produced coins and dropped them with a tinkle into the can.That was part of the effort of the Salvation Army to collect money donations.In the bone-chilling dusk, the bell kept ringing, and the child singing, loud and clear.TextⅡ秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。

General Knowledge

落基山脉是北美大陆的分水岭，在蒙大拿州的“冰河国家公园” 内，有一座2444米的山峰，被称作“三分水岭”，因为从这里起流出的河流，分别奔向三个大洋。
产业发展：
落基山脉有丰富的自然资源，矿产包括铜、金、铅、银、钨、锌、钼、煤、天然气、石油和油母页岩，科罗拉多州的钼矿是世界上产量最大的钼矿，加拿大最大的煤矿也在落基山区。
General Knowledge
1.The poverty rate of the ____ is the highest among all racial and ethnic groups. A. Pacific Islanders 太平洋岛人 B. Hispanics 西班牙人 C. Blacks 黑人贫困率：24.7% D. Indians 印第安人
解释：
《太阳照常升起》（1926年）是作者第一部长篇小说，表达了第一次世界大战后一部分美国年轻知识分子对现实的绝望。被称为“迷惘的一代”的宣言书。作品描写第一次世界大战后一群青年人迷惘、苦闷的精神状况。小说的叙述者兼男主人公杰克·巴恩斯是在巴黎工作的美国记者，在战争中负伤而失去了性爱能力。他爱上了女主人公英国姑娘勃雷特·艾希利，但是两人无法结合。为了解除精神上的苦闷与无聊，他们约好几个意气相投的朋友来到西班牙比利牛斯山区，以狩猎、钓鱼和观看巴斯克斗牛来消磨时光。但美丽的大自然并没有使这些受伤的心灵平静，他们无休止地酗酒、追求刺激、争风吃醋、打架斗殴。最后，巴恩斯在斗牛士勇敢精神的激发下，似乎看到了人的本质力量和生活的真谛，却终究没有改变他对生活的失望与厌倦。最后，他们失望地回到巴黎，太阳照常没有升起。这部小说集中地反映了战后一代青年人的思想和道德危机，表现了他们的苦闷与迷惘，因此《太阳照样升起》被称为“迷惘的一代”的代表作品。

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE常识篇

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE常识篇1．问：How many departments are there on board?答：Three departments: Deck Department, Engine Department, Service Department. 2．问：Could you list international conventions concerning marine shipping?答：Many conventions. For example: SOLAS, STCW, MARPOL, IMDG Code, and so on.注：船东一般比较重视海事法规。

他们都希望自己的雇员都懂法、守法、用法，因此船员应该知道国际上生效的各种公约法规，常用的如避碰规则，值班培训与发证标准国际公约等。

3．问：Could you tell the usage of several international conventions?答：For example: STCW stands for the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers. As the name suggested, it concerns training, watchkeeping, certificate standards. 72 COLREGS concerns the International Regulations for Preventing Collision at sea, 1972. It stipulates traffic rules at sea.MARPOL 73/78 deals with marine environment pollution protection.注：船东不仅希望船员了解海事法规的数量，而且希望雇员了解公约内容、生效时间、以及修正版本、修正内容等。

有一个坚实的基础知识很重要英语作文

有一个坚实的基础知识很重要英语作文Having a Solid Foundation of Knowledge is Really Important!Hi there! My name is Jamie and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to talk to you about why having a strong foundation of knowledge is super duper important. It's one of those things that a lot of grown-ups like to say, but it's true!Let me start by explaining what I mean by a "foundation of knowledge." It's kind of like the base or foundation you build a house on. Without a solid foundation, the whole house could crumble or fall apart. Well, your brain is like that house, and your foundation of knowledge is what you build everything else on top of.Your foundation starts getting built from the moment you are born through all the things you learn as a little kid. Things like learning to talk, read, write, and do basic math. You learn about the world around you, how to interact with others, and basic facts about all sorts of subjects.This early learning forms the bedrock, the super solid base, that all your future learning is built upon. It's why kids spend so many years in elementary school - we are constructing that critical foundation bit by bit.Now here's the really important part: If you don't have a strong, broad foundation, it's really hard to learn more advanced things later on. It's like trying to build a giant skyscraper on a crummy old foundation - it just won't work! The whole thing could come crashing down.On the other hand, when you have a bulletproof foundation from years of learning the basics, you can just keep stacking knowledge on top of knowledge. The higher you build, the stabler the whole structure gets. Wild, right?Let me give you some examples of why a solid knowledge foundation is so vital:Reading & Writing: If you struggle with reading and writing skills from an early age, pretty much every other subject becomes wayyyy harder. How can you learn science, history, or math if you can't really understand the books or instructions? Weak reading and writing makes learning anything a zillion times harder.Math Basics: You've got to start with arithmetic, working with numbers, fractions, etc. If you don't have that base, then algebra, geometry, calculus - forget it! It's like trying to run before you can even walk. The higher level math builds directly on what you first learn in elementary school.General Knowledge: Having a broad base of general knowledge about the world, different cultures, how stuff works, and so on makes learning any specific topic much easier. It's the difference between hiking up a mountain from the very bottom versus being dropped off halfway up. Which one would you pick?Here are some other reasons why focus on building that early foundation:• It gives you confidence as a learner from an early age• You discover areas you naturally excel at or are passionate about• M aking connections between ideas comes much more naturally• You're設備成為an independent learner and problem solver over time• Learning becomes more fun and engaging, rather than a chorePretty convincing reasons, right? Hopefully you're starting to see why your teachers, parents, and other adults constantly harp on getting those fundamentals down pat from Day 1. Because they know firsthand how crazy important it is!Let me circle back with an example about my own learning experience so far:When I started elementary school, I'll be honest - I wasn't a great reader at first. I found it kind of boring and avoided it when I could. My parents and teachers really worked with me on phonics, reading simple books, building my vocabulary, and spending time reading together.At first, I kind of resisted because I wanted to just go play video games instead. But after really focusing on it for a couple years, BOOM, it finally clicked! Reading became easy and way more interesting when I could understand everything. I was constructing that crucial reading foundation.Now that I've got reading down, learning things like social studies is 100x easier. When we learn about ancient civilizations, I can truly understand and engage with the material because my reading is solid. I'm not getting hung up on every other word or sentence.The same goes for math - my fundamentals are pretty strong now after lots of practice. So learning more advanced stuff isn't nearly as hard when you can rely on that base of knowledge.Does this make sense? I know examples always help me understand things better.Anyways, I could go on and on, but I think you get the picture. Starting from a super young age, we are building the foundation stone by stone. If you half-bake it or skip steps along the way, learning stuff later becomes an uphill battle. Gaps in your foundation cause you tostrugle and open up cracks where knowledge doesn't stick as well.That's why core subjects like reading, writing, math, science, social studies and so on are drilled into our brains for years and years as kids. It can definitely feel repetitive and boring at times. But it's setting us up for huge success and continuous learning for the rest of our lives!So to all you other kids out there - listen up! Pay close attention and work hard on building an uber-solid foundation while you're still in elementary school. It might not seem important or fun now, but trust me, you'll be zoing past everyone else before you know it.A strong foundation for your personal Empire State Building of knowledge lets you just keep building taller and taller. You've got to walk before you can run, right? Let's get that base built upnice and sturdy so we can construct some awesomely tall skyscrapers of knowledge!Who's with me Let's get building!。

选择性必修一Unit1重要短语和词形梳理

选修一U1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT重点短语和词形Section1 Reading and Thinking(P1 ~ P3)1. a man of value有价值的人2.descriptive words描述性的词语3.form a good impression of ...对……产生好的印象4.Nobel Prize for Medicine诺贝尔医学奖5.award sb sth = award sth to sb授予某人某物6. a crucial treatment for malaria至关重要的抗疟疾药物7.die from死于8. a committed and patient scientist坚定有耐心的科学家9.the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine中国中医科学院10.w ith the objective of 以……为目标11.m edical properties药用性12.s how promise in the fight againstmalaria有望战胜疟疾13.g et stuck陷入僵局14.a cknowledge defeat认输15.b y chance偶然16.i nsist on doing sth坚持做某事17.t est the medicine on sb在某人身上测试药物18.u pon hearing that一听到……19.s cientific research科学研究20.o ther than除了Section1 Reading and Thinking(P4)21.b e quite distinct from one another彼此完全不同22.s tand up to经得起；抵抗23.w ear and tear磨损；损耗24.c ommit oneself to sth全身心投入到某事中25.c ome to a conclusion得出结论26.I t strikes / hits / occurs to sb that ...某人突然想到……27.f ellow countrymen同胞Section2 Discovering Useful Structures(P5)28.b e in power当权；执政29.b eyond one’s control超出某人的控制30.u nder construction在建设中31.w ith the help of sb在某人的帮助下32.a flow chart流程图33.C hinese herbal medicine中草药；中药34.work best for my cough对我的咳嗽效果最好Section3 Using Language(P6 ~ P9)35.m ake great advancement in在……取得重大进步36.o nline shopping网购37.g ive one’s opinions on sth给出关于某事的意见38.H ang on a second.等一下。

高中英语单词天天记general素材

· general· n. ['dʒenrəl] ( generals )·· 双解释义· C 1. 普通〔遍〕的事或物the common thing· C 2. 将军army officer of very high rank· 基本要点•1.general用作名词的意思是“将军”,在英国尤指“陆军上将”,是可数名词。

2.in general的意思是“大体上”,可用在复数名词后作定语,或用作状语修饰全句。

•· 词汇搭配••brigadier general 旅长•commissary general 兵站总监•famous general 著名的将军•five-star general 五星上将•great general 伟大的将军•lieutenant general 陆军中将•major general 陆军少将••in general 大体上,一般地,通常,总的来说•in the general 概括地(说)••general of the Air Force 空军五星上将•general of the Army 陆军五星上将· 常用短语•in general一般而言,总的来说 in a wordIn general,I agree to what you said.总的说来,我同意你的讲话。

In general, the two accounts agree.一般说来,这两个报告是一致的。

But in general they were all with her.但一般说来他们都同意她的意见。

I like fish in general, and salmon in particular.总的说来我喜欢吃鱼,尤其喜欢吃鲑鱼。

Women in general like to shop for new clothes.一般而言,女人喜欢购买新衣服。

高中英语单词天天记：general素材

高中英语单词天天记：· general· n. ['dʒenrəl] ( generals )·· 双解释义· C 1. 普通〔遍〕的事或物the common thing· C 2. 将军army officer of very high rank· 基本要点•1.general用作名词的意思是“将军”,在英国尤指“陆军上将”,是可数名词。

2.in general的意思是“大体上”,可用在复数名词后作定语,或用作状语修饰全句。

In general, the two accounts agree.一般说来,这两个报告是一致的。

But in general they were all with her.但一般说来他们都同意她的意见。

I like fish in general, and salmon in particular.总的说来我喜欢吃鱼,尤其喜欢吃鲑鱼。

Women in general like to shop for new clothes.一般而言,女人喜欢购买新衣服。

DNV-OS-C201

OFFSHORE STANDARDD ET N ORSKE VERITASDNV-OS-C201STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF OFFSHOREUNITS (WSD METHOD)APRIL 2005Since issued in print (April 2005), this booklet has been amended, latest in April 2006.See the reference to “Amendments and Corrections” on the next page.Comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@For subscription orders or information about subscription terms, please use distribution@Comprehensive information about DNV services, research and publications can be found at http :// , or can be obtained from DNV,Veritasveien 1, NO-1322 Høvik, Norway; Tel +47 67 57 99 00, Fax +47 67 57 99 11.© Det Norske Veritas. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, without the prior written consent of Det Norske puter Typesetting (FM+SGML) by Det Norske Veritas.Printed in Norway.If any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of Det Norske Veritas, then Det Norske Veritas shall pay compensation to such person for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to ten times the fee charged for the service in question, provided that the maximum compen-sation shall never exceed USD 2 million.In this provision "Det Norske Veritas" shall mean the Foundation Det Norske Veritas as well as all its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of Det Norske Veritas.FOREWORDDET NORSKE VERITAS (DNV) is an autonomous and independent foundation with the objectives of safeguarding life, prop-erty and the environment, at sea and onshore. DNV undertakes classification, certification, and other verification and consultancy services relating to quality of ships, offshore units and installations, and onshore industries worldwide, and carries out research in relation to these functions.DNV Offshore Codes consist of a three level hierarchy of documents:—Offshore Service Specifications. Provide principles and procedures of DNV classification, certification, verification and con-sultancy services.—Offshore Standards. Provide technical provisions and acceptance criteria for general use by the offshore industry as well asthe technical basis for DNV offshore services.—Recommended Practices. Provide proven technology and sound engineering practice as well as guidance for the higher levelOffshore Service Specifications and Offshore Standards.DNV Offshore Codes are offered within the following areas:A)Qualification, Quality and Safety Methodology B)Materials Technology C)Structures D)SystemsE)Special Facilities F)Pipelines and Risers G)Asset Operation H)Marine Operations J)Wind TurbinesAmendments and CorrectionsThis document is valid until superseded by a new revision. Minor amendments and corrections will be published in a separate document normally updated twice per year (April and October).For a complete listing of the changes, see the “Amendments and Corrections” document located at: /technologyservices/, “Offshore Rules & Standards”, “Viewing Area”.The electronic web-versions of the DNV Offshore Codes will be regularly updated to include these amendments and corrections.Amended April 2006,Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005 see note on front cover Changes – Page 3Changes April 2005—Sec.1. Unification of requirements, level of references, terms, definitions, lay-out, text, etc. with the LRFD stand-ards, i.e. general standard (DNV-OS-C101), the standards for various objects (DNV-OS-C102 to DNV-OS-C106), as well as the fabrication standard (DNV-OS-C401). —Sec.1 & Sec.2. Definition and application of design tem-perature and service temperature has been updated, and the terminology co-ordinated with the LRFD standards.—Sec.4. Overall conditions for fracture mechanics (FM) testing, and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) transferred here (from DNV-OS-C401). Requirements to FM adjusted to reflect results of more recent research work. —Sec.5. References to the more recent Recommended Prac-tices introduced e.g. DNV-RP-C201 (for Plates), updating references to CN 30.1.—Sec.3 D300. Specified tank pressures are harmonised with similar formulas in the LRFD standards, while simultane-ously attempted simplified and clarified.—Sec.11 to Sec.14. (Ref. to the various objects.) Formulas for sea pressure during transit are reorganised and clari-fied, improving readability.—Sec.12. Text covering redundancy and detailed design re-vised in line with DNV-OS-C104 (and the previous MOU-rules).—Sec.13. Text regarding the topics of tendon fracture me-chanics, composite tendons, and stability, as well as the CMC requirements are all updated, bringing the text in line with most recent revision of DNV-OS-C105.—Sec.14. Text updated in line with ongoing revision of DNV-OS-C106.D ET N ORSKE V ERITASOffshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005Amended April 2006, Page 4 – Changes see note on front coverD ET N ORSKE V ERITASAmended April 2006,Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005 see note on front cover Contents – Page 5CONTENTSSec. 1Introduction (9)A.General (9)A100Introduction (9)A200Objectives (9)A300Scope and application (9)A400Other than DNV codes (9)A500Classification (9)B.References (9)B100General (9)C.Definitions (10)C100Verbal forms (10)C200Terms (10)D.Abbreviations and Symbols (12)D100Abbreviations (12)D200Symbols (12)Sec. 2Design Principles (15)A.Introduction (15)A100General (15)A200Aim of the design (15)B.General Design Considerations (15)B100General (15)B200Overall design (15)B300Details design (15)C.Design Conditions (15)C100Basic conditions (15)D.Loading Conditions (16)D100General (16)D200Load (16)E.Design by the WSD Method (16)E100Permissible stress and usage factors (16)E200Basic usage factors (16)F.Design Assisted by Testing (16)F100General (16)F200Full-scale testing and observation of performance of existing structures (16)Sec. 3Loads and Load Effects (17)A.Introduction (17)A100General (17)B.Basis for Selection of Loads (17)B100General (17)C.Permanent Functional Loads (17)C100General (17)D.Variable Functional Loads (18)D100General (18)D200Variable functional loads on deck areas (18)D300Tank pressures (18)D400Lifeboat platforms (19)E.Environmental Loads (19)E100General (19)E200Environmental conditions for mobile units (19)E300Environmental conditionss for site specific units (19)E400Determination of hydrodynamic loads (19)E500Wave loads (19)E600Wave induced inertia forces (20)E700Current (20)E800Wind loads (20)E900Vortex induced oscillations (20)E1000Water level and tidal effects (20)E1100Marine growth (20)E1200Snow and ice accumulation............................................20E1300Direct ice load.. (20)E1400Earthquake (20)bination of Environmental Loads (21)F100General (21)G.Accidental Loads (21)G100General (21)H.Deformation Loads (21)H100General (21)H200Temperature loads (21)H300Settlements and subsidence of sea bed (21)I.Fatigue loads (22)I100General (22)J.Load Effect Analysis (22)J100General (22)J200Global motion analysis (22)J300Load effects in structures and soil or foundation (22)Sec. 4Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and Inspection Principles (23)A.General (23)A100 (23)B.Temperatures for Selection of Material (23)B100General (23)B200Floating units (23)B300Bottom fixed units (23)C.Structural Category (23)C100General (23)C200Selection of structural category (23)C300Inspection of welds (24)D.Structural Steel (24)D100General (24)D200Material designations (24)D300Selection of structural steel (25)D400Fracture mechanics (FM) testing (25)D500Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) (25)Sec. 5Structural Strength (26)A.General (26)A100General (26)A200Structural analysis (26)A300Ductility (26)A400Yield check (26)A500Buckling check (27)B.Flat Plated Structures and Stiffened Panels (27)B100Yield check (27)B200Buckling check (27)B300Capacity checks according to other codes (27)C.Shell Structures (27)C100General (27)D.Tubular Members, Tubular Joints and Conical Transitions.27 D100General (27)E.Non-Tubular Beams, Columns and Frames (28)E100General (28)Sec. 6Section Scantlings (29)A.General (29)A100Scope (29)B.Strength of Plating and Stiffeners (29)B100Scope (29)B200Minimum thickness (29)B300Bending of plating (29)D ET N ORSKE V ERITASOffshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005Amended April 2006, Page 6 – Contents see note on front coverB400Stiffeners (29)C.Bending and Shear in Girders (30)C100General (30)C200Minimum thickness (30)C300Bending and shear (30)C400Effective flange (30)C500Effective web (30)C600Strength requirements for simple girders (30)C700Complex girder systems (31)Sec. 7Fatigue (32)A.General (32)A100General (32)A200Design fatigue factors (32)A300Methods for fatigue analysis (32)A400Simplified fatigue analysis (33)A500Stochastic fatigue analysis (33)Sec. 8Accidental Conditions (34)A.General (34)A100General (34)B.Design Criteria (34)B100General (34)B200Collision (34)B300Dropped objects (34)B400Fires (34)B500Explosions (34)B600Unintended flooding (34)Sec. 9Weld Connections (36)A.General (36)A100Scope (36)B.Types of Welded Steel Joints (36)B100Butt joints (36)B200Tee or cross joints (36)B300Slot welds (37)B400Lap joint (37)C.Weld Size (37)C100General (37)C200Fillet welds (37)C300Partly penetration welds and fillet welds in crossconnections subject to high stresses (38)C400Connections of stiffeners to girders and bulkheads, etc..38 C500End connections of girders (39)C600Direct calculation of weld connections (39)Sec. 10Corrosion Control (40)A.General (40)A100Scope (40)B.Techniques for Corrosion Control Related to EnvironmentalZones (40)B100Atmospheric zone (40)B200Splash zone (40)B300Submerged zone (40)B400Internal zone (40)C.Cathodic Protection (41)C100General (41)C200Galvanic anode systems (41)C300Impressed current systems (42)D.Coating Systems (42)D100Specification of coating (42)Sec. 11Special Considerations for Column Stabilised Units (43)A.General (43)A100Assumptions and application (43)B.Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and InspectionPrinciples (43)B100General (43)B200Structural categorisation (43)B300Material selection (43)B400Inspection categories (44)C.Design and Loading Conditions (46)C100General (46)C200Permanent loads (46)C300Variable functional loads (46)C400Tank loads (46)C500Environmental loads, general (46)C600Sea pressures (47)C700Wind loads (47)C800Heavy components (47)C900Combination of loads (47)D.Structural Strength (47)D100General (47)D200Global capacity (47)D300Transit condition (47)D400Method of analysis (48)D500Air gap (48)E.Fatigue (48)E100General (48)E200Fatigue analysis (49)F.Accidental Conditions (49)F100General (49)F200Collision (49)F300Dropped objects (49)F400Fire (49)F500Explosion (49)F600Heeled condition (49)G.Redundancy (49)G100General (49)G200Brace arrangements (49)H.Structure in Way of a Fixed Mooring System (49)H100Structural strength (49)I.Structural Details (50)I100General (50)Sec. 12Special Considerations forSelf-Elevating Units (51)A.Introduction (51)A100Scope and application (51)B.Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and InspectionPrinciples (51)B100General (51)B200Structural categorisation (51)B300Material selection (51)B400Inspection categories (51)C.Design and Loading Conditions (51)C100General (51)C200Transit (52)C300Installation and retrieval (52)C400Operation and survival (52)D.Environmental Conditions (53)D100General (53)D200Wind (53)D300Waves (53)D400Current (53)D500Snow and ice (53)E.Method of Analysis (53)E100General (53)E200Global structural models (54)E300Local structural models (54)E400Fatigue analysis (55)F.Design Loads (55)F100General (55)F200Permanent loads (55)D ET N ORSKE V ERITASAmended April 2006,Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005 see note on front cover Contents – Page 7F300Variable functional loads (55)F400Tank loads (55)F500Environmental loads, general (55)F600Wind loads (55)F700Waves (56)F800Current (56)F900Wave and current (56)F1000Sea pressures during transit (57)F1100Heavy components during transit (57)F1200Combination of loads (57)G.Structural Strength (57)G100General (57)G200Global capacity (57)G300Footing strength (57)G400Leg strength (58)G500Jackhouse support strength (58)G600Hull strength (58)H.Fatigue Strength (58)H100General (58)H200Fatigue analysis (58)I.Accidental Conditions (58)I100General (58)I200Collisions (58)I300Dropped objects (58)I400Fires (58)I500Explosions (58)I600Unintended flooding (58)J.Miscellaneous requirements (59)J100General (59)J200Pre-load capasity (59)J300Overturning stability (59)J400Air gap (59)Sec. 13Special Considerations forTension Leg Platforms (TLP) (61)A.General (61)A100Scope and application (61)A200Description of tendon system (61)B.Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and InspectionPrinciples (62)B100General (62)B200Structural categorisation (62)B300Material selection (63)B400Design temperatures (63)B500Inspection categories (63)C.Design Principles (63)C100General (63)C200Design conditions (64)C300Fabrication (64)C400Hull and Deck Mating (64)C500Sea transportation (64)C600Installation (64)C700Decommissioning (64)C800Design principles, tendons (64)D.Design Loads (65)D100General (65)D200Load categories (65)E.Global Performance (65)E100General (65)E200Frequency domain analysis (66)E300High frequency analyses (66)E400Wave frequency analyses (66)E500Low frequency analyses (66)E600Time domain analyses (66)E700Model testing (67)E800Load effects in the tendons (67)F.Structural Strength (67)F100General (67)F200Hull (68)F300Structural analysis (68)F400Structural design.............................................................68F500Deck.. (68)F600Extreme tendon tensions (69)F700Structural design of tendons (69)F800Foundations (69)G.Fatigue (69)G100General (69)G200Hull and deck (69)G300Tendons (69)G400Foundation (70)H.Accidental Condition (70)H100Hull (70)H200Hull and deck (71)H300Tendons (71)H400Foundations (71)Sec. 14Special Considerations for Deep DraughtFloaters (DDF) (72)A.General (72)A100Introduction (72)A200Scope and application (72)B.Non-Operational Phases (72)B100General (72)B200Fabrication (72)B300Mating (72)B400Sea transportation (72)B500Installation (72)B600Decommissioning (73)C.Structural Categorisation, Selection of Material andExtent of Inspection (73)C100General (73)C200Material selection (73)C300Design temperatures (73)C400Inspection categories (73)C500Guidance to minimum requirements (73)D.Design Loads (74)D100Permanent loads (74)D200Variable functional loads (74)D300Environmental loads (74)D400Determination of loads (74)D500Hydrodynamic loads (74)E.Deformation Loads (74)E100General (74)F.Accidental Loads (75)F100General (75)G.Fatigue Loads (75)G100General (75)bination of Loads (75)H100General (75)I.Load Effect Analysis in Operational Phase (75)I100General (75)I200Global bending effects (75)J.Load Effect Analysis in Non-Operational Phases (75)J100General (75)J200Transportation (76)J300Launching (76)J400Upending (76)J500Deck mating (76)J600Riser installations (76)K.Structural Strength (76)K100Operation phase for hull (76)K200Non-operational phases for hull (76)K300Operation phase for deck or topside (77)K400Non-operational phases for deck or topside (77)L.Fatigue (77)L100General (77)L200Operation phase for hull (77)L300Non-operational phases for hull (77)D ET N ORSKE V ERITASOffshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005Amended April 2006, Page 8 – Contents see note on front coverL400Splash zone (77)L500Operation phase for deck or topside (78)L600Non-operational phases for deck or topside (78)M.Accidental Condition (78)M100General (78)M200Fire (78)M300Explosion (78)M400Collision (78)M500Dropped objects (78)M600Unintended flooding (78)M700Abnormal wave events (78)App. A Cross Sectional Types (80)A.Cross Sectional Types (80)A100General (80)A200Cross section requirements for plastic analysis (80)A300Cross section requirements whenelastic global analysis is used (80)App. B Methods and Models for Design of Column-Stabilised Units (82)A.Methods and Models (82)A100General (82)A200World wide operation (82)A300Benign waters or restricted areas (82)App. C Permanently Installed Units (83)A.Introduction (83)A100Application (83)B.Inspection and Maintenance (83)B100Facilities for inspection on location................................83C.Fatigue. (83)C100Design fatigue factors (83)C200Splash zone for floating units (83)App. D Certification of Tendon System (84)A.General (84)A100Introduction (84)B.Equipment categorization (84)B100General (84)C.Fabrication Record (84)C100General (84)D.Documentation Deliverables for Certification ofEquipment (85)D100General (85)E.Tendon Systems and Components (85)E100General (85)E200Tendon pipe (85)E300Bottom tendon interface (BTI) (86)E400Flex bearings (86)E500Foundations (86)E600Top tendon interface (TTI) (86)E700Intermediate tendon connectors (ITC) (86)E800Tendon tension monitoring system (TTMS) (86)E900Tendon porch (87)E1000Tendon corrosion protection system (87)E1100Load management program (LMP) (87)F.Categorisation of Tendon Components (87)F100General (87)G.Tendon Fabrication (88)G100General (88)D ET N ORSKE V ERITASAmended April 2006,Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005 see note on front cover Sec.1 – Page 9SECTION 1INTRODUCTIONA. GeneralA 100Introduction101 This offshore standard provides principles, technical re-quirements and guidance for the structural design of offshore structures, based on the Working Stress Design (WSD) meth-od.102 This standard has been written for general world-wide application. Statutory regulations may include requirements in excess of the provisions by this standard depending on size, type, location and intended service of the offshore unit or in-stallation.103 The standard is organised with general sections contain-ing common requirements and sections containing specific re-quirement for different type of offshore units. In case of deviating requirements between general sections and the ob-ject specific sections, requirements of the object specific sec-tions shall apply.A 200Objectives201 The objectives of this standard are to:—provide an internationally acceptable level of safety by de-fining minimum requirements for structures and structural components (in combination with referred standards, rec-ommended practices, guidelines, etc.)—serve as a contractual reference document between suppli-ers and purchasers—serve as a guideline for designers, suppliers, purchasers and regulators—specify procedures and requirements for offshore struc-tures subject to DNV certification and classification.A 300Scope and application301 This standard is applicable to the following types of off-shore structures:—column-stabilised units—self-elevating units—tension leg platforms—deep draught floaters.302 For utilisation of other materials, the general design principles given in this standard may be used together with rel-evant standards, codes or specifications covering the require-ments to materials design and fabrication.303 The standard is applicable to structural design of com-plete units including substructures, topside structures and ves-sel hulls.304 This standard gives requirements for the following: —design principles—structural categorisation—material selection and inspection principles—loads and load effect analyses—design of steel structures and connections—special considerations for different types of units. Requirements for foundation design are given in DNV-OS-C101.A 400Other than DNV codes401 Other recognised codes or standards may be applied pro-vided it is shown that the codes and standards, and their appli-cation, meet or exceed the level of safety of the actual DNV standard.402 In case of conflict between requirements of this standard and a reference document other than DNV documents, the re-quirements of this standard shall prevail.403 Where reference is made to codes other than DNV doc-uments, the latest revision of the documents shall be applied, unless otherwise specified.404 When code checks are performed according to other than DNV codes, the usage factors as given in the respective code shall be used.A 500Classification501 Classification principles, procedures and applicable class notations related to classification services of offshore units are specified in the DNV Offshore Service Specifications given in Table A1.502 Documentation requirements for classification are given by DNV-RP-A202.B. ReferencesB 100General101 The DNV documents in Table B1 are referred to in the present standards and contain acceptable methods for fulfilling the requirements in this standard.102 The latest valid revision of the DNV reference docu-ments in Table B2 applies. See also current DNV List of Pub-lications.103 The documents listed in Table B2 are referred in the present standard. The documents include acceptable methods for fulfilling the requirements in the present standard and may be used as a source of supplementary information. Only the referenced parts of the documents apply for fulfilment of the present standard.Table A1 DNV Offshore Service SpecificationsReference TitleDNV-OSS-101Rules for Classification of Offshore Drilling andSupport UnitsDNV-OSS-102Rules for Classification of Floating Productionand Storage UnitsDNV-OSS-103Rules for Classification of LNG/LPG FloatingProduction and Storage Units or Installations DNV-OSS-121Classification Based on Performance CriteriaDetermined by Risk Assessment MethodologyRules for Planning and Execution of MarineOperationsTable B1 DNV Reference DocumentsReference TitleDNV-OS-A101Safety Principles andArrangementDNV-OS-B101Metallic MaterialsDNV-OS-C101Design of Offshore Steel Struc-tures, General (LRFD method) DNV-OS-C301Stability and Watertight Integrity DNV-OS-C401Fabrication and Testing ofOffshore StructuresD ET N ORSKE V ERITASOffshore Standard DNV-OS-C201, April 2005Amended April 2006, Page 10 – Sec.1see note on front coverC. DefinitionsC 100Verbal forms101 Shall: Indicates a mandatory requirement to be followed for fulfilment or compliance with the present standard. Devia-tions are not permitted unless formally and rigorously justified, and accepted by all relevant contracting parties.102 Should: Indicates a recommendation that a certain course of action is preferred or particularly suitable. Alterna-tive courses of action are allowable under the standard where agreed between contracting parties but shall be justified and documented.103 May: Indicates a permission, or an option, which is per-mitted as part of conformance with the standard.C 200Terms201 Accidental condition: When the unit is subjected to ac-cidental loads such as collision, dropped objects, fire explo-sion, etc.202 Accidental loads: Loads which may occur as a result of accident or exceptional events, e.g. collisions, explosions, dropped objects.203 Atmospheric zone: The external surfaces of the unit above the splash zone.204 Cathodic protection: A technique to prevent corrosion of a steel surface by making the surface to be the cathode of an electrochemical cell.205 Characteristic load: The reference value of a load to be used in the determination of load effects. The characteristic load is normally based upon a defined fractile in the upper end of the distribution function for load.206 Characteristic strength: The reference value of structur-al strength to be used in the determination of the design strength. The characteristic strength is normally based upon a 5% fractile in the lower end of the distribution function for re-sistance.207 Characteristic value: The representative value associat-ed with a prescribed probability of not being unfavourably ex-ceeded during the applicable reference period.208 Classic spar: Shell type hull structure.209 Classification Note: The Classification Notes cover proven technology and solutions which is found to represent good practice by DNV, and which represent one alternative for satisfying the requirements given in the DNV Rules or other codes and standards cited by DNV. The Classification Notes will in the same manner be applicable for fulfilling the require-ments in the DNV Offshore Standards.210 Coating: Metallic, inorganic or organic material applied to steel surfaces for prevention of corrosion.211 Column-stabilised unit: A floating unit that can be relo-cated. A column-stabilised unit normally consists of a deck structure with a number of widely spaced, large diameter, sup-porting columns that are attached to submerged pontoons. 212 Corrosion allowance: Extra wall thickness added during design to compensate for any anticipated reduction in thick-ness during the operation.213 Damaged condition: The unit condition after accidental damage.214 Deep draught floater (DDF): A floating unit categorised with a relative large draught. The large draught is mainly intro-duced to obtain reduced wave excitation in heave and suffi-ciently high eigenperiod in heave such that resonant responses in heave can be omitted or minimised.215 Design brief: An agreed document presenting owner's technical basis, requirements and references for the unit design and fabrication.216 Design temperature: The design temperature for a unit is the reference temperature for assessing areas where the unit can be transported, installed and operated. The design temper-ature is to be lower or equal to the lowest mean daily tempera-ture in air for the relevant areas. For seasonal restricted operations the lowest mean daily temperature in air for the sea-son may be applied.217 Driving voltage: The difference between closed circuit anode potential and the protection potential.218 Dry transit: A transit where the unit is transported on a heavy lift unit from one geographical location to another. 219 Dynamic upending: A process where seawater is filled or flooded into the bottom section of a horizontally floating DDF hull and creating a trim condition and subsequent water filling of hull or moonpool and dynamic upending to bring the hull in vertical position.220 Environmental loads: Loads directly and indirectly due to environmental phenomena. Environmental loads are not a necessary consequence of the structures existence, use and treatments. All external loads which are responses to environ-mental phenomena are to be regarded as environmental loads, e.g. support reactions, mooring forces, and inertia forces. 221 Expected loads and response history: Expected load and response history for a specified time period, taking into ac-count the number of load cycles and the resulting load levels and response for each cycle.222 Expected value: The most probable value of a load dur-ing a specified time period.223 Fail to safe: A failure shall not lead to new failure, which may lead to total loss of the structure.DNV-OS-D101Marine Machinery Systems andEquipmentDNV-OS-E301Position MooringDNV-OS-F201Dynamic RisersDNV-RP-C103Column Stabilised UnitsDNV-RP-C201Buckling Strength of PlatedStructuresDNV-RP-C202Buckling Strength of Shells DNV-RP-C203Fatigue Strength Analysis ofOffshore Steel Structures Classification Note 30.1Buckling Strength Analysis ofBars and Frames, and SphericalShellsClassification Note 30.4 FoundationsClassification Note 30.5 Environmental Conditions andEnvironmental Loads Classification Note 31.5Strength Analysis of MainStructures of Self-elevating Units Table B2 Other referencesReference TitleAISC-ASD Manual of Steel Construction ASDAPI RP 2A – WSD with supplement 1Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms – Working Stress DesignAPI RP 2T Planning, Designing and Constructing TensionLeg PlatformsBS 7910Guide on methods for assessing the acceptability offlaws in fusion welded structuresNACE TPC Publication No. 3. The role of bacteria in corrosionof oil field equipmentSNAME 5-5A Site Specific Assessment of Mobile Jack-Up UnitsD ET N ORSKE V ERITAS。

获取知识的过程比知识本身更重要英语作文

获取知识的过程比知识本身更重要英语作文The Process of acquiring knowledge is more important than the knowledge itselfIntroductionKnowledge is power, and the pursuit of knowledge has been a fundamental aspect of human existence since the dawn of time. Throughout history, societies have placed a high value on education and the acquisition of knowledge as a means of progress and development. However, it is often said that the process of acquiring knowledge is more important than the knowledge itself. In this essay, we will explore the reasons why the process of acquiring knowledge is considered more important than the knowledge itself.Importance of the JourneyThe journey of acquiring knowledge involves the process of learning, exploring, questioning, and discovering. It is a process that requires effort, dedication, and perseverance. The journey of acquiring knowledge challenges individuals to think critically, analyze information, and develop a deeper understanding of the world around them. It is through this journey that individuals are able to grow intellectually, emotionally, and spiritually.Moreover, the process of acquiring knowledge is not limited to the classroom or formal education. Knowledge can be gained through various means, such as reading, traveling, interacting with others, and personal experiences. Each experience contributes to one's overall knowledge and understanding of the world.The journey of acquiring knowledge is also a lifelong process. It does not end with the completion of a degree or a certification. Instead, it is a continuous process of learning, unlearning, and relearning. The journey of acquiring knowledge is dynamic and ever-changing, as new information and discoveries are constantly being made.Personal Growth and DevelopmentThe process of acquiring knowledge is not only about gaining information but also about personal growth and development. Through the journey of acquiring knowledge, individuals are able to challenge their beliefs, expand their perspectives, and develop critical thinking skills. It is through this process that individuals are able to become more open-minded, creative, and adaptable.The process of acquiring knowledge also helps individuals to develop a sense of curiosity and wonder about the world. Itencourages individuals to ask questions, seek answers, and explore new ideas. This sense of curiosity and wonder is what drives individuals to continue learning and growing throughout their lives.Moreover, the journey of acquiring knowledge helps individuals to become more self-aware and reflective. It allows individuals to examine their own values, beliefs, and biases, and to consider different perspectives and viewpoints. Thisself-awareness is key to personal growth and development, as it enables individuals to better understand themselves and the world around them.ConclusionIn conclusion, the process of acquiring knowledge is more important than the knowledge itself. The journey of acquiring knowledge involves learning, exploring, questioning, and discovering. It challenges individuals to think critically, analyze information, and develop a deeper understanding of the world. The process of acquiring knowledge is a lifelong journey that is dynamic and ever-changing. It is through this journey that individuals are able to grow intellectually, emotionally, and spiritually, and to become more open-minded, creative, and adaptable. Therefore, it is essential to embrace the process ofacquiring knowledge as a means of personal growth and development.。

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专八General Knowledge知识点1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学3.Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学5. acronym : 首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼，但VOA是Initialism。

6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻，一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美政府或用剑代替军事力量，对面来了三个"红领巾"也是，以红领巾指代少先队员。

专八翻译真题及参考答案

1998年E-C:I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent — e. g. in painting and music —they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that t hey really represent an ―English tradition‖ after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert(断言、声称)that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step(同步). At any given moment(在任何时候) the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification(限制、限定、资格) to precede(领先、超前) the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree(唯一只是在程度上), sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence(分歧、差异) is a subtle (微妙的)affair, liable(有可能的) to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses (重要的感觉)grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own — and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship(亲缘关系) yields to a sudden alienation(疏远关系), as when we hail(打招呼) a person across the street, only to discover from his blank(没有表情的) response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.参考译文(翻译第二段)：因此，我们在说―美国‖文学，并不表明我们认为美国文学与欧洲文学截然不同。

英语专八真题05-12年 general knowledge人文知识

2005general knowledge31. ___B __ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) ____B_____term.A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.? AA. HustonB. BostonC. BaltimoreD. Philadelphia34. ____D____ is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic ChurchB. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England35. The novel Emma is written by DA. Mary ShelleyB. Charlotte BrontëC. Elizabeth C. GaskellD. Jane Austen36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet? BA. William WordsworthB. George ElliotC. George G. ByronD. Percy B. Shelley37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for CA. his poemsB. his playsC. his short storiesD. his novels38. Syntax is the study of B 语法，句法A. language functionsB. sentence structuresC. textual organizationD. word formation39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language? DA. ArbitrarinessB. ProductivityC. Cultural transmissionD. Finiteness40. The speech act theory was first put forward by BA) John Searle B) John Austin C) Noam Chomsky D) M.A,K. Halliday.2006general knowledge31.The Presidents during the American Civil War was BA. Andrew JacksonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington.32.The capital of New Zealand is CA. ChristchurchB. AucklandC. WellingtonD. Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers? AA. The AboriginesB. The MaoriC. The IndiansD. The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of DA. the Shadow CabinetB. the ParliamentC. the OppositionD. the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century? AA. T. S. EliotB. D. H. LawrenceC. Theodore DreiserD. James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by DA. Scott FitzgeraldB. William FaulknerC. Eugene O’NeilD. Ernest Hemingway37.___B__ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen linesA. Free verseB. SonnetC. OdeD. Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of D 语义学和语用学A. referenceB. meaningC. antonymyD. context.39.The words "kid, child, offspring" are examples of BA. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. emotive synonymsD. collocational synonyms40.The distinction between parole and langue was made by DA. HallidayB. ChomskyC. BloomfieldD. Saussure..2007general knowledge31. The majority of the current population in the UK are descendants of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT_____C_____.A. the AnglosB. the CeltsC. the JutesD. the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented by____D______.A. the MonarchB. the PresidentC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-general 总督33. The Declaration of Independence was written by____A______.A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Alexander HamiltonD. James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia were_____ C_____.A. the Red IndiansB. the EskimosC. the AboriginesD. the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte? DA. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) ___C___ poet and playwright.A. AmericanB. CanadianC. IrishD. Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written by____A______.A. Arthur MillerB. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin38. ____B___ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A. PhonologyB. Morphology形态学C. SemanticsD. Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT____D_____.A. lexicalB. syntacticC. phonologicalD. psycholinguistic40. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of_____A_____.A. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaning2008general knowledge31. The largest city in Canada is____C____.A. Vancouver 3B. Montreal 2C. Toronto 1D. Ottawa32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in___D_____.A. the Federal GovernmentB. the Supreme CourtC. the CabinetD. the Congress33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States? AA. BaseballB. TennisC. BasketballD. American football34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is____D______.A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by____B______.A. William LanglandB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. William ShakespeareD. AlfredTennyson36. Who wrote The American? CA. Herman MelvilleB. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Henry JamesD. Theodore Dreiser37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT___A_____.A. George EliotB. Iris Jean MurdochC. Doris LessingD. Muriel Spark38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language? DA. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Diachronicity39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”? BA. A simple sentenceB. A coordinate sentenceC. A complex sentenceD. None of the above40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called___D_____.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. homonymy 同音or同形2009general knowledge31. The Head of State of New Zealand is DA. the governor-general.B. the Prime Minister.C. the high commissioner.D. the monarch of the United Kingdom.32. The capital of Scotland is BA. Glasgow.B. Edinburgh.C. Manchester.D. London.33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President? AA. Thomas Jefferson.B. George Washington.C. Thomas Paine.D. John Adams.34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia? CA. Perth.B. Adelaide.C. Sydney.D. Melbourne.35. Ode to the West Wind was written by DA. William Blake.B. William Wordsworth.C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge.D. Percy B. Shelley.36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse? BA. Ralph Waldo Emerson.B. Walt Whitman.C. Herman MelvilleD. Theodore Dreiser.37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by CA. Thomas Hardy.B. John Galsworthy.C.D.H. Lawrence. D. James Joyce.38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is DA. corpus linguistics.B. sociolinguistics.C. theoretical linguistics.D. psycholinguistics.39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called CA. dialect.B. idiolect.C. pidgin.D. register.40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing AA. an illocutionary act. 言外行为B. a perlocutionary act.C. a locutionary act.D. none of the above.2010 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE31. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT? DA. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada is AA. Quebec.B. Vancouver.C. Toronto.D. Montreal.33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? DA. 1770.B. 1788.C. 1900.D. 1901.34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued by AA. Abraham Lincoln.B. Thomas Paine.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.35. ____C____ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..A. Will BlakeB. W.B. YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth36. The Financier is written by DA. Mark Twain.B. Henry James.C. William Faulkner.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as AA. allegory.B. sonnet.C. blank verse.D. rhyme.38. ____A____ refers to the learning and development of a language.A. Language acquisitionB. Language comprehensionC. Language productionD. Language instruction39. The word “ Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of ___C_____ in morphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym40. Language is a tool of communication. The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highway serves BA. an expressive function.B. an informative function.C. a performative function.D. a persuasive function.2011专八人文知识真题31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is ___B____.A. Northern IrelandB. ScotlandC. EnglandD. Wales32. It is generally agreed that ___D____ were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores.A. the FrenchB. the GermansC. the BritishD. the Dutch33. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf? AA. Canada.B. New Zealand.C. Great Britain.D. The United States of America.34. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution? BA. Thomas Jefferson.B. Thomas Paine.C. John Adams.D. Benjamin Franklin.35. Virginia Woolf was an important female ___D_____ in the 20th-century England.A. poetB. biographerC. playwrightD. novelist36. ___C___ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's hist ory.A. BalladB. RomanceC. EpicD. Elegy37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20th century? AA. The Great Gatsby.B. The Sun Also Rises.C. The Sound and the Fury.D. Beyond the Horizon.38. ___C____ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind.A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. Cognitive linguisticsD. Sociolinguistics39. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ____A____.A. absence of obstruction 气流阻碍B. presence of obstructionD. place of articulation40. The definition "the act of using or promoting the use of several languages, either by an individ ual speaker or by a community of speakers" refers to ___C_____.A. PidginB. CreoleC. MultilingualismD. Bilingualism201231．The Maori people are natives of DA．Australia．B．Canada．C．Ireland．D．New Zealand．32．The British monarch is the Head of BA．Parliament．B．State．C．Government．D．Cabinet．33．Americans celebrate Independence Day on AA．July 4th．B．October 11th．C．May 31st．D．September 6th．34．Canada is bounded on the north by CA．the Pacific Ocean．B．the Atlantic Ocean．C．the Arctic Ocean．D．the Great Lakes．35．Who is the author of The Waste Land? DA．George Bernard Shaw．B．W．B．Yeats．C．Dylan Thomas．D．T．S．Eliot．36．Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury? AA．William Faulkner．B．Ernest Hemingway．C．Scott Fitzgerald．D．John Steinbeck．37．"The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example of C A．exaggeration．B．understatement．D．synecdoche．38．In English if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel．This is a (n) BA．assimilation rule．同化B．sequential rule．序列规则C．deletion rule．省略D．grammar rule．39．Which of the following is an example of clipping? D 截缩法A．APEC．B．Motel．C．Xerox．D．Disco．40．The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is called AA．register．语域B．dialect．C．slang．D．variety．。

a knowledge of用法 -回复

a knowledge of用法-回复"Using Knowledge: A Step-by-Step Guide"Introduction:Knowledge is a powerful tool that enables us to understand the world around us, make informed decisions, and solve problems. It provides us with the necessary skills and insights to navigate through life effectively. In this article, we will explore the various ways knowledge can be applied and how it impacts different aspects of our lives.Step 1: Acquiring KnowledgeKnowledge acquisition is the first step towards using knowledge effectively. There are multiple sources and methods to acquire knowledge. It can be gained through formal education, reading books, conducting research, online courses, attending seminars, or even through personal experiences. The key is to be open to learning and embrace opportunities for knowledge acquisition.Step 2: Organizing and Structuring KnowledgeOnce knowledge is acquired, it needs to be organized and structured for effective utilization. This can be done by categorizing information into relevant topics, creating mental maps or diagrams, or using digital tools such as note-taking apps or online platforms. By organizing knowledge, we can retrieve and apply it more efficiently when needed.Step 3: Critical Thinking and AnalysisUsing knowledge requires critical thinking and analysis. It involves evaluating information, identifying biases or fallacies, and making logical connections between different concepts or ideas. Critical thinking helps us to identify the validity and reliability of information before utilizing it. It allows us to filter out misinformation and make informed decisions based on evidence and facts.Step 4: Problem-Solving and Decision MakingOne of the most valuable applications of knowledge is in problem-solving and decision making. When faced with achallenge or a decision, we can draw upon our existing knowledge or seek new knowledge to find solutions. Knowledge equips us with the ability to identify patterns, evaluate options, and anticipate potential outcomes. Through this process, we can make better decisions and solve problems more effectively.Step 5: Sharing and CollaboratingKnowledge becomes more powerful when it is shared and collaborated upon. By sharing knowledge with others, we not only contribute to their growth but also broaden our own understanding. Collaboration allows us to benefit from diverse perspectives and expertise. It fosters innovation, creativity, and the development of new ideas. Through sharing and collaborating, knowledge becomes a collective asset that enriches society as a whole.Step 6: Continuous LearningKnowledge is not static; it is constantly evolving. To effectively use knowledge, it is essential to embrace lifelong learning. This involves staying updated with new information, developments, andadvancements in various fields. By continuously learning, we can enhance our existing knowledge, adapt to changes, and remain competitive in an ever-evolving world.Conclusion:In conclusion, knowledge is a valuable resource that empowers us to thrive in a complex and fast-paced world. By following these steps - acquiring knowledge, organizing and structuring it, applying critical thinking, problem-solving, sharing and collaborating, and embracing continuous learning - we can optimize the use of knowledge in our lives. Whether it is making informed decisions, solving problems, or fostering innovation, knowledge forms the foundation for success and growth. So, let us embrace knowledge and harness its power to shape a better future for ourselves and the world.。

L1 General knowledge of roads 道路知识

A trail is a rough path across open country（野外） or through forests.
A trail through the trees 穿过树林的小路

Way n. 方法；道路；方向
tracks and trails
tracks
path
route
Text A Development of Roads

3. As people began to transport goods over longer distances, they developed new ways of travelling. First they packed their wares on animals. Then they invented various kinds of sleds. Finally, after the invention of the wheel, they built wagons. Each advancement brought a need for better traveling routes. wares[wɛəz] n. [贸易] 商品；货物 sled[slɛd] n. 雪橇 wagon ['wægən] n. 货车，四轮马车 traveling routes 乘车路线

4. Later in history, when well-traveled routes were made sturdier with rocks and stones, the path was raised above the surrounding land, it became a ‚high way‛.

Band 8 General Knowledge

Question
• Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers. • A) The Aborigines • B) The Maoris • C) The Indians • D) The Eskimos
Answer
• George Washington is considered to be the founding father of the United States who led the Continental Army to victory over the British during the American Revolution • Alexander Hamilton was also a founding father of the United States who became the first United States Secretary of the Treasury. • James Madison was an American political philosopher and politician who became the fourth President of the United States • Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and was the third President of the United States. Jefferson believed that the United States would become a great Empire of Liberty.

General knowledge 3

14. Which of the following statements is TRUE about The Commonwealth of Nations? A. It is a voluntary, free association of 53 independent sovereign states. B. There are a large number of British immigrants in each of the Nations. C. All the countries live under the British law and government. D. All the countries fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars. 15. At first, Australia was settled by the British as a colony _____. A. to receive free settlers B. to supply Britain with wool and food C. to receive convicts from Britain D. to expand the British imperial power
8. A parliament has a maximum of ______ years, but in practice general elections are usually held before the end of this term. A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 9. In Britain, capital punishment for murder has been abolished but it remains the penalty for _______. A. piracy C. assassination B. treason D. piracy and treason

名校版英语经典句型考点解析knowledge

名校版英语经典句型考点解析knowledge1.作为“知识，学问，学识”的总和或抽象的含义时，都是不可数名词。

另外，作“知晓；知悉；了解”也是不可数名词。

因此，一般情况下，都不能与a（an）不定冠词连用，也没有复数形式。

如：Langston Hughes always seemed to know exactly who he was ,and those knowledge helped make him one of the most respected writers in the United States.(托福改错题，knowledge错误地写成：knowledges)兰斯顿休斯似乎总是很清楚自己是谁，这些知识使他成为美国最受尊敬的作家之一。

Classification is a useful approach to the organization of knowledge in any field.分类是系统化知识的一个有用的方法。

(托福改错题，knowledge错误地写成：knowledges)For years we had little knowledge of what life was like inside China.以往很多年我们对于中国国内的生活情况所知甚少。

Knowledge is prower.知识就是力量。

A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.一知半解是很危险的事。

2.当knowledge指人们对某一具体事物或具体学科的知识时，可以与不定冠词a(an)连用，不管有无定语。

如：The old man has a good knowledge of Beijing.这位老人非常了解北京。

He has a wide knowledge of painting and music.他在绘画和音乐方面知识渊博。

She has acquired a good knowledge of English.她英语已经学得很好。