2019届高考英语一轮复习第二部分语法专练专题十二句子成分课件外研版

答案 helpfully→helpful 在题干中,表语形容词kind与and之后的词是并列
关系,因此helpfully应该改为形容词形式。故helpfully改为helpful。
用法精讲
表语在句中用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征、状态、职业、内容、(动 作)方向或处所等。表语需位于系动词之后。可以作表语的有名词、代
的宾语) Yesterday, Tom’s mother looked after him at home.昨天汤姆的妈妈在家
专题十二
句子成分
考向分析
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语等,
虽然高考没有对其进行直接考查,但是句子成分对于判断考点和确定答案 有非常大的帮助。例如,在语法填空题中,提示词是动词,空格处在句中作目
的状语,且与主语是主动关系,则答案为不定式。
考点清单
一、主语
语境运用
单句填空
was
that
it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
答案 that 分析句子成分可知,was之后是表语从句,在从句中不缺少成分, 且句意完整,因此应用that作为引导词。
单句改错 3.The teachers here are kind and helpfully; they are not only our teachers but also our friends. helpfully→helpful
二、谓语
语境运用
单句填空 1.In the 1950s in the USA, most families had (have) just one phone at
home, and wireless phones hadn’t been invented yet. 答案 had 句意:在美国20世纪50年代,多数家庭只有一部电话,无线电 话还没有发明出来。空格处在句中作谓语,结合句首的时间状语In the 1950s和语境可知,空格处应用一般过去时态。故空格处填had。 2.It suddenly occurred to him that he had left (leave) his keys in the office.
Who is absent today? 今天谁迟到了?(疑问代词作主语)
Is anything wrong with your umbrella?你的伞有毛病吗? (不定代词作主语)
3.Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对你的身体有害。(动名 词作主语) Taking a walk is much better than staying at home. 散步比待在家里要好得 多。(动名词短语作主语) 4.To see is to believe.眼见为实。(动词不定式作主语) It will take him 3 hours to go to the station on foot.他步行去车站需要3个小 时。(it作形式主语,动词不定式短语作真正的主语) 5.What the teacher said yesterday is important.昨天老师讲的很重要。(从句 作主语)
How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!(fly为不及物动词) (2)系动词(或连系动词)起连接主语和表语的作用,本身有一定的词义,它和 实义动词一样有时态的变化,也受主语的人称和数的影响。
It was late at night when we finally arrived.我们最后到达时已是深夜。
holding
答案 holding 该句中Keep之后需要接动名词作宾语。故空格处填
holding。
单句改错 3.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. teach→teaching 答案 teach→teaching 分析句子结构可知,“not only...but also...”所连接的 内容在句中作介词for的宾语,因此teach使用错误,应使用动名词形式。故 teach改为teaching。
The rich are not always happy.富人也不总是开心的。(“the+形容词”表示 一类人,相当于名词)
2.Her pen is blue, and mine is red.她的钢笔是蓝色的,我的是红色的。
(名词性物主代词作主语) These are my books. 这些是我的书。(指示代词作主语)
成强调句)
Do you want to pass the exam?你想通过考试吗?(do帮助want构成疑问句) By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.到上月末为止, 他们已经完成一半的工作了。(had帮助过去分词finished构成过去完成时) He will come here tomorrow.他明天将来这里。(will帮助come构成一般将 来时)
答案 had left 句意:他突然想到他把钥匙落在办公室了。空格处在句中 作谓语,且动作发生在occurred之前,因此空格处应使用过去完成时态。故空
格处填had left。
单句改错 3.I found the test difficult, but I tried hard to do it; suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her copy my answers. asking→asked 答案 asking→asked “my best friend”是分号后句子的主语Mary的同位 语,之后第一个词是句子的谓语动词,而现在分词或动名词不可作谓语,因此 asking使用错误,由此结合前两句话的时态可知用asked。
running构成现在进行时)
The flowers are often watered by me.我经常给这些花儿浇水。(are帮助过去 分词watered构成被动语态)
He doesn’t get up early every day.他并非每天起床都很早。(does帮助get up
构成一般现在时的否定式) He does work very hard.他工作的确十分努力。(does帮助行为动词work构
四、宾语
语境运用
单句填空 1.Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make (make) a new life
for herself.
答案 to make 2.Keep wish之后接不定式作宾语。故空格处填不定式to make。 (hold) your position for a while.
Was there a pool at the hotel?宾馆里有游泳池吗? The dish tastes good.这盘菜尝起来很好。(t’s voice sounds so sweet.龚玥的嗓音听起来真甜。(sound为系动 词,后加形容词sweet作表语)
用法精讲
表示谓语动词动作对象的成分叫宾语,即宾语是动作的承受者。英语中,及 物动词(或相当于及物动词的动词短语)、介词须带宾语。可以充当宾语的 有名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词以及从句(宾语从 句)等。 I am reading a book. 我在看书。(名词作动词的宾语)
I’m going to Beijing with my father.我计划和我父亲去北京。(名词作介词
中作主语,故用关系代词who/that作为定语从句的引导词。
2.The
disappearance
(disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused b
y astronomical incidents. 答案 disappearance 句意:恐龙的消失并不一定是由天文事件引起 的。空格处在句中作主语,结合空前的定冠词可知,空格处填名词disappearance。 单句改错 3.(2017课标全国Ⅰ)Have enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.
Have→Having
答案 Have→Having 该句中will之前是句子的主语,而动词原形不可 作主语,故Have改为动名词形式。
用法精讲
主语相当于句子的话题或主题,即要说明的人或物。能用来作主语的有名 词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等。如:
1.My pen is green. 我的钢笔是绿色的。(名词作主语)
(3)助动词可以协助主要动词构成不同的时态或语态,也可帮助主要动词构
成疑问句、否定句或强调句。常见的助动词有be(am/is/are/was/were)、do
(does/did)、have(has/had)、will。 We are running in the playground.我们正在操场上跑步。(are帮助现在分词
三、表语
语境运用
单句填空 1.I cannot control my body well. My legs become painful (pain).
答案 painful 分析句子成分可知,空格处在句中作表语,因此空格处
应用提示词的形容词形式。故空格处填painful。 2.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield,