Direct Determination of Human Urinary Proteins

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医学英语写作与翻译

第三部分医学英语的写作任务一标题的写作（Title）标题的结构1. 名词+介词Blindness（视觉缺失）after Treatment for Malignant Hypertension 2. 名词+分词Unilateral Neurogenic Pruritus Following Stroke中风后单侧神经性瘙痒3. 名词+不定式Suggestion to Abolish Icterus Index Determination（黄疸指数测定）where Quantitative Bilirubin Assay（胆红素定量）is Available建议能做胆红素定量的化验室不再做黄疸指数测定4. 名词+同位语Gentamicine, a Selelctive Agent for the isolation of Betahemolytic Streptocc ociβ-溶血性链球菌庆大霉素是分离β-溶血性链球菌的选择性药物5. 名词+从句Evidence that the V-sis Gene Product Transforms by Interaction with the Receptor for Platelet-derived Growth Factor血小板源性生长因子.V-sis 基因产物由血小板生成因子受体相互作用而转化的依据6. 动名词短语Preventing Stroke in patients with Atrial Fibrillation心房纤维性颤动心旁纤颤患者中风预防Detecting Acute Myocardial Infarction（急性心肌梗死）byRadio-immunoassay for Creative Kinase（酐激酶）用放射免疫法测定酐激酶诊断急性心肌梗死7. 介词短语On Controlling Rectal Cancer8. 陈述句Dietary Cholesterol is Co-carcinogenic协同致癌因素for Human Colon Cancer9. 疑问句Home or Hospital BirthsIs Treatment of Borderline Hypertension Good or Bad?注意副标题的作用1．数目：Endoluminal Stent-graft 带支架腔内搭桥for Aortic Aneurysms动脉瘤: A report of 6 cases带支架腔内搭桥治疗动脉瘤的六例报告2．重点：Aorto-arteritis 大动脉炎Chest X-ray Appearance and Its Clinical Significance大动脉炎胸部X线表现及临床意义3．方法：Gallstone Ileus（胆结石梗阻）: A Retrospective Study 4．作用：Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Breast-cancer Tissue: A useful prognostic indictor乳腺癌组织中癌胚抗原——一种有用的预后指示5．疑问：Unresolved—Do drinkers have less coronary heart disease? 6．连载顺序：Physical and Chemical Studies of Human Blood Serum: II. A study of miscellaneous Disease conditions人类血清的理论研究：II. 多种病例的研究7．时间：A Collaborative 综合Study of Burn Nursing in China: 1995-1999常见标题句式举例1. 讨论型：Discussion of/ on; An approach to; A probe into; Investigation of; Evaluation of / on汉语中的“初步体会”、“试论”、“浅析”之类的谦辞可以不译。

Urinary Tract Infection

Acute pyelonephritis
III. Pathology(III)

Chronic pyelonephritis
The kidney is small and coarsely scarred. Histological examination conforms the patchy injury of the renal parenchyma extending from pelvis to the surface of the kidney. In the scarred areas there is dense interstitial fibrosis and tubules are dilated and filled with eosinophilic casts.
urethra
G+ 球菌
直接
G杆菌
3.Human body’s resistance ability
1. periodic voiding The flow of urine flushing and dilutional effects 2. Prostatic secretion after urination 3. Ability of the urethra and bladder mucosa to eliminate small numbers of residual organisms. 4. Low PH urine high urea concentration and high osmolarity
Urinary Tract Infection
I Definition
Urinary
Tract Infection(UTI) is an

hnl的测定方法

hnl的测定方法English:The determination of HNL (Human Neutrophil Lipocalin) levels in the body can be done through various methods. One common method is through a laboratory test that measures the concentration of HNL in a blood or urine sample. Another method is through the use of immunoassays, which detect the presence of HNL by utilizing antibodies that specifically bind to HNL molecules. In addition, HNL levels can also be assessed through techniques such as Western blotting, which involves separating HNL proteins based on their molecular weight. These methods are important in the medical field as they can provide valuable information about the presence and severity of certain medical conditions, such as kidney injury or urinary tract infections.中文翻译:HNL（人类中性粒细胞脂联素）水平的测定可以通过各种方法进行。

一种常见的方法是通过实验室测试来测量血液或尿样本中HNL的浓度。

液液提取-固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体血液中16种有机磷酸酯

2021年1月January 2021Chinese Journal of ChromatographyVol.39 No.169〜76青年编委专辑（上）•研究论文DOI ： 10.3724/SP.J. 1123.2020.07033液液提取-固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体血液中16种有机磷酸酯侯敏敏W ,史亚利,蔡亚岐W（1.中国科学院生态环境研究中心，环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室，北京100083； 2.中国科学院大学，北京100049）摘要:人体体液中有机磷酸酯（OPEs ）浓度的测定对于了解人体OPEs 的暴露水平以及评估人体健康风险具有重要意义。

然而，目前的研究大多数集中于尿液中OPEs 代谢物含量的分析测定,将其作为人体OPEs 暴露的生物标志物，而对人体血液中OPEs 的分析研究较少，仅有的少量研究涉及的OPEs 种类有限。

该研究在优化前处理过程（固相萃取,SPE ）和色谱分离的基础上，建立了人体血液中16种OPEs 的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS- MS ）测定方法。

血液样品经过乙睛摇床萃取后，经ENVI-18 SPE 小柱净化，然后采用Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱,以甲醇/5 mmol/L 的乙酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱对目标物进行分离，最后进行LC-MS/MS 测定。

质谱分析采用电喷雾正离子模式电离，多重反应监测模式测定，内标法定量。

在优化的检测条件下,16种OPEs 的检出限为0. 003 8~0. 882 ng/mL 。

除磷酸三甲酯（TMP ）外，其余15种OPEs 在3个浓度水平的血液基质加标回收率为53. 1% -126%，相对标准偏差为0. 15% - 12. 6%。

样品的基质效应检测发现,4种OPEs 存在明显的基质抑制，选用合适的同位素内标进行定量，可以部分消除基质影响。

该方法样品前处理简单，灵敏度高,适用于人体血液样品中OPEs 阻燃剂的测定。

24小时尿蛋白（24hoursurineprotein）

24小时尿蛋白（24 hours urine protein）24 hour urine quantitative diabetes is the amount of 24 hours urine determination. Normal is not more than 0.9 grams, generally 0.1 to 0.3 grams of glucose range, qualitative testCan not measure the normal human urine was negative, so. Diabetic patients 24 hours urine quantitative in the range of a few grams of Diao to tens of grams, even up to a few hundred grams. Clinical urineThe determination of common Bancroft qualitative method, when the glucose concentration exceeded 111mmol/L were concentration in 120mmol/L, do not see what difference, 24 hours urine will be available at the timeThe quantity test can better reflect the severity of the disease.Urinoglucosometer 24 hours, observed changes in the disease, has an important reference value. Whether we can keep 24 hours of urine will directly affect its scientific and clinical significance.(1) concrete methods:Leave the urine on the morning, 8 in the morning active urination, because this time before 8 o'clock urine, should not abandon.2. From 8 to 8 the next day, every 24 hours, the amount of urine should be kept in a clean container.The next day at 8 should also take the initiative to urinate, this time urine was produced before 8, and must be left all.24 hours of urine collection, stir up, remember the total amount.Remove 24 hours of urine mixture for 100 milliliters and send it to the laboratory for examination.(2) matters needing attention:Collect the urine in a cool place to prevent bacterial invasion, so as not to affect the result of the test.When the climate is hot, it is necessary to put preservatives in urine,Right to avoid glucose decomposition, fermentation and bacterial reproduction and affect the test results.kidneyExpand the definition of 24 hour urine protein quantification in this section24 hours of urine protein in the quantitative "24 hours of urine volume", that is, the morning after the first urinate clean, from the second time the urine began to stay. Take a look at what time it is. Remember the time, until the endTwo days at this time, for 24 hours. The 24 hours, every time all the urine, placed in a container, mixed evenly, and then take 100~200 ml from the middle, to the hospital for testing.Normally, the glomerular filtration membrane can only pass through a substance of less molecular mass. Normal people urine protein in general is 40-80 mg, the content of protein qualitative test method generally can not be detected. suffer fromIn some cases, protein leakage increases and can be detected positive for urinary protein. So the results of a urine protein qualitative report are crude, and a 24 hour urine protein test can accurately measure the amount of protein excreted in the urine.Edit the significance of the 24 hour urine protein quantification24 hours urine protein quantification is a reliable index to determine whether there is any kidney disease. In clinical, it is concluded that the two indexes of urinary protein qualitative and quantitative are determined by routine urine routine examination. Proteinuria.The white qualitative index is often referred to as whether the urine protein is negative or positive. If the urine protein test is positive, the condition of the kidney is seen to be accompanied by a few +. The urinary protein quantification was more accurate in responding to the subjectsRenal function,The commonly used diagnostic target is 24 hours urine protein ration. Occasionally, a 24 hour urine protein exceeded the limit and was not diagnosed as nephropathy: normal people, urine routine examination, 24 hours urine protein determinationThe dose range is less than 150mg/24 hours. If the 24 hour urine protein quota of the examinee is higher than the reference range of the normal value, the renal function damage can be considered. Although 24 hours urine protein quantification is determinedThere is a reliable index of the incidence of kidney disease, but it is not accurate to determine the occurrence of kidney disease in the subjects by a single 24 hour urine protein test. In clinical diagnosis of renal disease, usuallyRoutine urinalysis is required. By regular examination, the patient's urine routine examination showed that there were three times more than 24 hours of urine protein quantitative indicators were higher than the normal range of reference, you can determine the riskHe did have a kidney lesion. Regular inspection, early detection, early treatment, to prevent the deterioration of the disease: early onset of renal disease occult, patients with no obvious symptoms, it is easy to be ignored. Many people get kidney disease when they go to the doctorIt has developed to the middle and late stages, which bringsgreat difficulty for the treatment of late nephropathy. So, develop good habits of regular physical examination, and keep an eye on your physical condition to see if there is any complication of kidney disease. If you24 hour urinary protein quantitative examination than normal, you can use the basic condition of your submission to the kidney specialist, let the experts for your diagnosis and develop your treatment, prevent nephropathy progression, disease continues to increaseNecessary burden.Edit this paragraph how to collect urine samples?Some kidney diseases often require "24 hours urine protein quantification" examination, so how to collect and submit urine samples? To accurately measure 24 hours of urine protein quantification, the urine volume in the bladder should be cleared and discarded at 8 a.m.Go, start the time, and store all the urine from 24 hours in a container (including second days at 8 in the morning), and check it all. If you defecate within 24 hours, you should also stress the urine collection, and thenSolution. Don't omit a small amount of urine. Urine collection is not complete, the amount of urine protein calculation is inaccurate. Before testing, first use the amount of cup, the total amount of urine, and then stir well, take out a small cup, determine the amount of protein per 100 ml, and then accordingto realityThe volume of urine was calculated and the protein content could be calculated for 24 hours. In short, to accurately measure the amount of urine protein 24 hours, you must accurately collect urine volume throughout the day, the test is part of the total urine volume of mixed liquid, only representative. Because this testTest is to calculate the absolute value of urine protein, and the amount of water has little to do, so it is not necessary to limit the amount of water and food intake on the day, as usual eating will be ok.Edit this paragraph for three qualitative checksQualitative examination method of albuminuria, the patient can do at home oneself, the following three kinds of methods are introduced:The sulfosalicylic acid methodThis is the common method of laboratory in the hospital. Preparation of reagent: 3 g of salicylic acid and 3% to 100 ml of salicylic acid with distilled water. The solution should be stored in a brown bottle and placed in the absence of the sunKeep dark places in order to avoid failure.Test method: take a clean glass tube, add urine 2 ml or so, then use drops and urine drip reagent 3~5 drops, observe the presenceof protein. According to turbidity, sedimentation and coagulationThe different degree, determine the "+" (plus) how much from + +, standard of judgment: "-": the minus sign is negative, indicating no protein. After adding the reagent, the urine is still clear, and there is still no visible manifestation in the black background. "+":There is a minus sign, on behalf of urine trace protein. A slight white haze occurs after the reagent is added, which is visible only in the black background. "+": a plus sign that represents a middle to a protein in your urine. After adding reagent, appear white slight cloudy, withoutFloc appears. "+ +":2 plus the amount of protein in the urine. Obvious white precipitate appeared after adding reagent. "+ + +":3 plus, a large number of protein in the urine. After adding reagent, flocculent white precipitate appeared. "+ + + +":The 4 plus sign represents a large amount of protein in the urine. Immediately after the reagent was added, the blocks were coagulated, and the gel like peptone. According to the turbidity reaction, the content of urine protein is as follows: urinary protein <0.1g/L: - urine protein is 0.1 - 0.2g/L: +;Urinary protein was 0.2 - 1.0g/L:+; urinary protein ranged from 1 to 2.0g/L:++; urinary protein was 2 - 4.0g/L:+++; urinary protein >4.0g/L:++++.The heating methodIn the past, laboratory methods for the detection of urinary proteins have now been replaced by sulfonyl salicylate. This method is simple and does not require any reagents. Method: take a glass tube,Pour the checked urine to 2/3 place, add 2% cool acid or vinegarDrop, thumb and finger deviation with good put on the bottom of the tube, flame (e.g. alcohol lamp) directly to the heating tube at the upper end of the urine, often turning the upper tube, until boiling, observe whether the turbidity or precipitation according to the degree of solidification, according to the following method to judge the. byRuled out turbidity is not caused by protein false positive, should be added 2~3 drops of acetic acid or vinegar 10 drops, at this time the turbidity does not disappear, it is positive reaction, indicating that the protein.The test paper methodA test paper is a test paper specially prepared by a reagent factory for qualitative testing of urine proteins, which can be purchased at a pharmaceutical shop. The test paper was soaked with reagent, the protein was blue in color, and a standard color swatch was attachedContrast with this. Method is relatively simple, take a test paper, immersed in urine, immediately removed, about 10~20 minutes, to see if there is no blue display. If there is nochange is negative, show blue, that is, the color; alkaline urine can appear false positive; therefore, inTest before using litmus paper to check the urine, such as alkaline) in more than PH7.0), should add a few drops of acetic acid, the urine will do. The above three methods are qualitative examination of urine protein. It only shows whether there is any protein in the urine or notGive the exact amount. If you want to know how many proteins are excreted each day, you can make a quantitative test. You need to leave 24 hours of urine for protein quantification.Edit this paragraph: high proteinuria may damage the kidneysUrinary protein is involved as an independent factor in the pathogenesis of renal disease,Urine protein can also damage the kidneys. The results are as follows: 1. Proteinuria can be toxic to glomerular mesangial cells, and there will be a large number of patients after renal failureThe plasma protein in glomerular mesangial deposition, deposition of these macromolecules in the mesangial area can cause mesangial cell damage, proliferation of mesangial cells and mesangial matrix production increased, resulting in glomerulosclerosis; 2, urinary protein can damage renal tubular interstitial, normalA small amount of small molecule protein in glomerularfiltration is reabsorbed near the renal tubular epithelial cells and decomposes in the lysosomes. Under pathological conditions, the permeability of glomeruli increased, causing large amounts of plasma proteins to leak into the small lumen of the kidney, while the proximal tubular epithelial cells became excessively heavyReceived albumin led to increased lysosomal activity in the cytoplasm, can cause cell injury; 3, proteinuria to renal tubular reabsorption of protein increased, promote ammonia production increased, and the generation of ammonia in renal tissue in interstitial lesions also played a role. In addition to thisIn addition, heavy absorption and digestion of large amounts of protein require additional energy, which can cause hypoxia in tubule cells and increase in oxygen free radicals, causing tubular cell damage.。

泌尿系统科普文章英语

泌尿系统科普文章英语I t is an important excretion route of human metabolites, and can also regulate water and salt metabolism and acid-base balance, and produce a variety of bioactive substances, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the environment in the body.The urinary system consists of one pair of kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and one urethra.Urine produced by the kidney flows into the bladder through the ureter for temporary storage. When it reaches a certain amount, it is excreted through the urethra.So it can also be said that the urinary system is the general term of urination, urination, urine storage, urination organs.The ureter is a pair of slender pipes, the length of which is ~ 20~30cm, upper connected to the renal pelvis, down into the bladder, there are three strictures in the middle, is the stone retention site.The bladder is a urinary storage organ, the size and shape change with the urine, the bladder triangle between the two ureter port and the ureal port three connection, empty also smooth, here is a good site for tumor and tuberculosis.The urination reflex of the bladder is controlled by the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord urination center, and the pudendal nerve is transmitted to the somatic nerve, so the urination can be controlled by theconsciousness, and these structures are damaged and can cause urinary incontinence.If the urine can not be discharged from the bladder and stored in the bladder, called urinary retention.It is normal for infants to develop enuresis due to incomplete cerebral cortex development. Generally, this phenomenon of 2 to 3 years old can gradually disappear, and children with normal urination function can not control their own urination when sleep is called enuresis.。

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿液中的可替宁

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿液中的可替宁刘彤;侯宏卫;张小涛;陈欢;唐纲岭;胡清源【摘要】为了准确测定吸烟者与非吸烟者尿液中可替宁含量水平,建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定方法.尿液经稀释、离心和过滤,引入LC-MS/MS,经Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3.5 μm)分离,以0.1％甲酸水溶液-0.1％乙酸甲醇溶液为流动相,采用梯度洗脱方式,以电喷雾离子源正离子多反应监测模式进行分析.方法检出限为0.08 μg/L,线性范围为1～500 μg/L,空白样品中加标回收率范围在94.3％～99.9％,精密度(以相对标准偏差计)为0％～3.2％.利用此方法检测了58个非吸烟者和246个吸烟者尿液中可替宁的含量水平,结果表明:吸烟者24 h尿液中的可替宁含量是非吸烟者的180多倍,但是由于个体之间以及吸烟行为之间的差异,尿液中的可替宁含量并不随卷烟主流烟气中烟碱含量的升高而升高.%A high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of cotinine in urine. After dilution, centrifugation and filtration, the urine was injected to the LC-MS/ MS. The analysis was performed on a Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 mm× 2. 1 mm, 3. 5μm) using a gradient elution with the mobile phases of 0. 1% formic acid buffer and 0.1% acetate in methanol (V/V), and determined by tandem mass spectrometry in positive ESI mode under multiple reaction monitoring mode. The limits of determination (S/N=3) was 0. 08 μg/L, with a linear calibration range spanning 1-500 μg/L. The recoveris ranged from 94. 3% to 99. 9% at three spiked levels, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 0 to 3. 2%. The method wasapplied to detect the concertrationrnof urine cotinine from 58 non-smokers and 246 smokers. Twenty-four hours urine cotinine . levels in smokers was much more than 180 times that in non-smokers. However, due to the differences between individuals and smoking behavior, the concertration of urine cotinine did not increase with cigarettes nicotine in the mainstream smoke.【期刊名称】《质谱学报》【年(卷),期】2012(033)004【总页数】5页(P252-256)【关键词】可替宁;高效液相色谱-串联质谱;尿液;中国烤烟型卷烟【作者】刘彤;侯宏卫;张小涛;陈欢;唐纲岭;胡清源【作者单位】国家烟草质量监督检验中心,河南郑州450001;国家烟草质量监督检验中心,河南郑州450001;国家烟草质量监督检验中心,河南郑州450001;国家烟草质量监督检验中心,河南郑州450001;国家烟草质量监督检验中心,河南郑州450001;国家烟草质量监督检验中心,河南郑州450001【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O657.63烟碱，俗称尼古丁，是一种存在于茄科植物（茄属）中的生物碱，也是烟草的重要成分，占烟草中总生物碱的98%［1］。

尿液检查Examinationofurine

蛋白质浓度增加使比密结果增加
尿胆红素
试带法在强酸的介质中直接胆红素与二氯苯胺重氮盐起偶联反响生成红色的复和物。
尿胆原
试带法：在强酸性条件下，尿胆原与对-二甲氨基苯甲醛发生醛化反响，生成樱红色缩合物，模块发生从黄色到红色的颜色变化。在强酸条件下尿胆原和对-甲氧基重氮四氟化硼发生重氮盐偶联反响，生成胭脂红色化合物。
Snap cap leak-proof transport
Push until you hear the “snap〞 Then test the integrity
尿液标本的保存与防腐 storage and antisepsis of urine specimens
1．冷藏refrigeration 2. 防腐antisepsis
2.试带法：试带模块中主要含有葡萄糖氧化酶、过氧化物酶和色源及其他物质。葡萄糖氧化酶〔 glucose oxidase ,GOD〕作用于尿液中葡萄糖，使其形成葡萄糖醛酸和过氧化氢〔H2O2〕，后者在过氧化氢酶〔POD〕的催化释放出[O]，后者使色源呈现不同的颜色变化。
尿液pH 胆红素的形成量肝细胞功能胆道梗阻
尿液胆红素尿胆原正常阴性少量肝前性黄疸阴性显著增加肝原性黄疸阳性轻度增加肝后性黄疸阳性减少或无
加热
ml参加上述试剂中
再加热
冷却
判断结果
尿糖定性结果判断: 实验结果结果判断相当含量〔g/L〕仍呈蓝色 - 蓝绿色，无沉淀 ± ＜0.1 绿黄色沉淀沉淀沉淀清液无色
尼龙膜碘酸盐层试剂层吸水层塑料底层
试带法影响因素：尿液pH值尿液所含蛋白成分尿液中的干扰物尿液存放的时间及污染
隐血试带法：尿液中的血红蛋白或其破坏释放的游离血红蛋白均含有亚铁血红素，后者具有过氧化物酶样活性，可使过氧化物分解释放出新生态氧[O]，[O]能使无色的邻甲联苯胺变成蓝色。

临床实践最能体现生命神圣论的做法

英文回答：Clinical practice is important in the course of medical learning，as a necessary means of applying theoretical knowledge to practice and as an important means of embodying the sacrosanctism of life。

In clinical practice， health—care providers should be closely linked to the patient ' s specific situation， using abination of medical knowledge and skills，making aprehensive assessment of the patient ' s physical and mental health， developing individualized care and treatment programmes， and working to provide the best treatment and quality of life for the patient。

In this process， health—care providers must take care of the human nature， respect the human dignity of the patient， listen to the patient ' s needs，establish a good relationship with the patient and ensure that the patient feels the care and warmth of the patient。

高效液相色谱-荧光分析法测定人体尿液中的墨蝶呤

高效液相色谱-荧光分析法测定人体尿液中的墨蝶呤崔盼盼;万益群【摘要】建立了人体尿液中墨蝶呤的高效液相色谱-荧光分析方法.尿液经乙腈处理,过0.45μm水相滤膜后定容,可进行液相色谱分析.色谱柱为Kiamonsil C18柱,以水-甲醇(80∶20,υ/υ)为流动相,流速为1.O mL/min,荧光检测波长为λex=425nm,λem=530nm.墨蝶呤含量在0.005-1.0μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为y=106x-328.02(r=0.9990),检测限是0.002μg/mL.其加标平均回收率在98.7%～106.8%之间,相对标准偏差小于7.34%.该方法简便,应用于胃癌病人和健康人尿样中墨蝶呤测定,结果较好.%The determination of sepiapterin in human urine by HPLC-FLD has been studied.The urine was filtered by 0.45 μm membrane after dealed withCH3CN, then the sample was analyzed by HPLC-FLD.The chromatographic column was Diamonsil C18, the moble phase was H2O-methanol( 80:20 ,v/v), the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the excitation and emission wavelengths were 425 nm and 530 nm, respectively.The linear range of sepiapterin was 0.005 - 1.0 μg/mL.The linear regression equation was y = 106x - 328.02 ( r = 0.999 0), and the limit of detection was 0.002 μg/mL.The average recoveries were in the range of 98.7％～ 106.8％ with the RSD below 7.34％.The proposed method was applied to the determination of sepiapterin in both the gastric cancer patients'urine samples and healthy human urine with satisfactory results.【期刊名称】《南昌大学学报（理科版）》【年(卷),期】2011(035)001【总页数】4页(P60-63)【关键词】墨蝶呤;人体尿液;高效液相色谱;荧光检测【作者】崔盼盼;万益群【作者单位】南昌大学,食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,江西,南昌,330047;南昌大学,食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,江西,南昌,330047;南昌大学,分析测试中心,江西,南昌,330047【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O657.7蝶呤类化合物(Pteridines)属于蝶啶的衍生物，分布于整个生物界，种类较多，但含量甚微，其中主要的几种蝶呤类化合物包括蝶呤(Pterin)、新蝶呤(Neopterin)、黄蝶呤(Xanthopterin)、异黄蝶呤(Isoxanthopterin)、蝶呤-6-羧酸(Pterin-6-carboxylic acid)、生物蝶呤(Biopterin)、墨蝶呤(Sepiapterin)和癌蝶呤(Oncopterin)等。

IntraditionalChinesemedicine,Yin,Yang,YinandYang

In traditional Chinese medicine, Yin, Yang, Yin and YangYin deficiency. The expression of Yang is cold and cold, not hot and hot, the other symptoms also fit the kidney. Eat 6 MSG. Abstinence, abstinence, is the best remedy for the disease.Also look at the following knowledge. May it be useful to you. What is kidney deficiency?TCM experts do to kidney empty as follows: the kidney is the foundation of the birth, is the root of human reproductive development, motive force of the functional activity of the viscera, the kidney essence from role for can be divided into two aspects, the kidney Yin and kidney Yang, kidney Yin and kidney Yang interdependence, mutual restrict, maintain the dynamic balance of human body. When this balance is destroyed, can appear the kidney Yin and kidney Yang partial failure or partial pathological changes, such as kidney Yin partial failure not Yang, in Yin deficiency hand lesions of the kidney Yin deficiency, expression is lumbar debility, five upset hot, dizziness tinnitus, insomnia, forgetfulness, night sweats, man, spermatorrhea, premature ejaculation, woman less amenorrhea, constipation, red tongue less moss pulse count, etc. Failure is the kidney Yang deficiency and kidney Yang, show the colour white or Thomas hardy leahey, waist and knee acid cold, depressed, male impotence premature ejaculation, female uterus cold infertility, enuresis edema, even diarrhea, etc. From the point of these symptoms, kidney empty is not just for changes in sexual function, also contains the body of a series of changes, so transfers of renal occupies an important position in human life activities.Kidney deficiency:There are four kinds of kidney deficiency, kidney deficiency, kidney deficiency, kidney deficiency and Yin and Yang.(1) the kidney Yang deficiency (commonly known as the "Ming fire failure) is Yang deficiency of clinical performance: such as chills, limbs cold, pee qing long, white was shaking, loss of libido, whitish impotence premature ejaculation, pale tongue, pulse late.(2) the kidney Yin deficiency (commonly known as kidney water shortage) besides has the performance of the kidney and Yin deficiency of clinical performance: such as five upset hot, hot flashes, night sweats, dry mouth, urine yellow and dry, red tongue less moss, pulse count.The deficiency of the kidney: short of sweat, listless, white, urine, urine, premature ejaculation, white tongue and weak veins.(4) the kidney Yin and Yang are two virtual: there are five upset hot, night sweats, or from the sweat, cold limbs, spermatorrhea insomnia, much dream, red tongue no moss, pulse count or whitish pale tongue, pulse late.Symptoms of kidney deficiency:In the traditional medicine of "kidney" concept "kidney", not only refers to the anatomy of the kidney, but also aphysiological role is quite widespread, and human reproduction, growth, digestive, endocrine metabolism, etc have direct or indirect relationship of important organs. "Symptoms of kidney" is a broad concept, including his urinary system, reproductive system, endocrine metabolism, neural spirit system and digestive system, blood, breath, and many other related diseases of the system. So, there are a lot of symptoms of kidney deficiency, which is summarized as follows:The symptoms of kidney deficiency are characterized by mental performance: memory loss, lack of concentration, lack of energy, and decreased productivity.The symptoms of kidney deficiency are shown in the mood of emotion: poor emotions are often difficult to control, dizziness, irritability, irritability, anxiety, depression, etc.The symptoms of kidney deficiency are expressed in the will; Lack of confidence, lack of confidence, lack of enthusiasm, lack of passion, no purpose, no direction.The symptoms of kidney in sexual function is shown as: sexual reduce men's sexual interest, sexual desire is reduced, impotence or penis lift and not firm, spermatorrhea, premature ejaculation, semen leakage, and microscopic examination is to reduce or decreased sperm motility, sperm sterility. Women's uterine dysplasia, such as infantile uterine, ovary premature failure, irregular menstruation, loss of libido, infertility, etc.Symptoms of kidney deficiency are characterized by urinary frequency, urine waiting, and long urination.The symptoms of kidney may also have: premature aging, insomnia forgetful, loss of appetite, bone and joint pain, lumbar debility, not fatigue resistance, fatigue, vision loss, hearing loss. Hair loss is white hair, hair falls off or hair early white, the tooth loosens easily and so on. Appearance of the face, the eye bag, the dark circles, the skin color is dull and dull, the skin is rough and dry, the appearance of wrinkles, the color spot, the middle-aged acne, the skin is inelastic. The voice gets rough,Women's breasts start drooping, lumbar and belly fat; Men are bald, etc.The nephrotic methodPlease put "square root" or "x" in the box before each question according to your own situation. If there are three or more "square roots" in the answer, it indicates that your kidney has issued an alert: you are likely to have a kidney problem.Low back pain: do you have a low back pain and frequent recurrence, fatigue or rain?Do you have more than three times in normal drinking water?Constipation: do you often have defecate drying, defecate the phenomenon?Fatigue: do you often feel tired and distracted?Insomnia forgetfulness: are you not sleeping well, and often forgetful?Fear of cold limbs: do you have cold feet and cold feet because of the cold weather?Function recession: are you not interested in the room, the quality is not high?Chronic diseases: are you suffering from chronic diseases such as chronic nephritis, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, etc.?Treatment of kidney deficiency:The treatment of kidney deficiency is mainly divided into the treatment of kidney and Yin, the treatment of kidney and the deficiency of Yin and Yang. The treatment of kidney deficiency can be divided into several types: drug therapy, exercise therapy, and diet. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. But on the whole, no matter what method should be to dialectic of kidney empty, is also understand Yin deficiency, Yang deficiency, Yin and Yang, or two empty, according to the specific situation in specific treatment.To complement the kidney, Yin and Yang:Exquisite and syndrome differentiation of TCM, suit the remedy to the case, kidney need to discern between Yin and Yang, both Yin deficiency, Yang deficiency, disorderly use tonic, not only is not good for health, and may cause damage.In layman's terms, kidney Yin deficiency is mainly for five upset hot on symptoms, dizziness tinnitus, lumbar debility, bone steaming hot flashes, two flush on zygomatic, thirsty, night sweats, spermatorrhea, little red tongue moss, Yin deficiency symptoms of internal heat, this time is best for taking the familiar liuwei dihuang pill.More while the kidney Yang deficiency symptoms manifested in his waist and knee pain, weakness, cold limbs cold chills, especially the waist to distributed cool, always wear two clothes more than others at ordinary times, the night to urinate, mental fatigue, impotence, edema, urine qing long, incontinence or adverse, pale tongue, etc in the Yang deficiency cold symptoms. In these cases, it is used specifically to treat the deficiency of the kidney, which is a classic prescription for the sun.Diabetes, high blood pressure and other modern disease, menopausal syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, according to the development of the personal health and disease, may be a kidney Yin deficiency or kidney Yang deficiency, Yin deficiency and Yang deficiency in identify, to suit the golden choose liuwei dihuang pill or kidney shot. According to the symptoms of the body, it is essential to treat the symptoms of the disease and identify the symptoms of the kidney and the deficiency of the kidney. Be sure to go to the hospital to consult a professional if you are not sure. The tonic should not be eaten in disorder, and the kidney should not be mended.Note:(1) take an active part in physical exercise, especially exercise in qigong, to improve the quality of mind and body and enhance the ability of mind control. (2) to refrain from masturbation and prevent premarital sex. (3) adjust the mood, eliminate the tension, inferiority and fear that are caused by worrying about the woman's pregnancy, or worry about the small sex organ and the lack of sexual ability. Be relaxed during sex.(4) don't try to be tired. Don't settle for coitus. (5) the man has premature ejaculation, and the woman should not blame it, lest it aggravate the man's psychological pressure. (6) eat foods that are complementary to kidney solids, such as oysters, walnut meat, eurominis, chestnuts, and pigeon eggs. (7) in the case of premature ejaculation, it is unfavorable to eat foods that are too hot, such as lamb, dog, sparrows, and cattle and sheep, etc., so as not to aggravate the disease.。

男性生殖系统

前列腺癌
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前列腺癌复发
前列腺癌转移
Prostate cancer
MRI对发现癌和确定其大小、范围有较高价值 T1WI癌与前列腺组织均为一致性较低信号，难以识别 T2WI前列腺癌典型表现为正常较高信号的周围区内出现较低信号结节影，肿瘤与周围区正常前列腺组织有显著差异，易于发现早期肿瘤 5㎜以上前列腺癌的发现率为60% 限度是不能发现起于移行区的早期前列腺癌，因其信号强度类似于周围组织，除非肿瘤侵犯了周围区而在T2WI得以显示
Normal prostate zonal anatomy
A 60-year-old man T2WI at the level of the apex at the level of the membranous urethra U = urethra
Normal prostate zonal anatomy
On T2WI, the normal peripheral zone demonstrates a high signal inten-sity. The peripheral zone is surrounded by a thin rim of low signal intensity, which represents the anatomic or true capsule. Low-signal-intensity foci posterolateral to the capsule are indicative of neurovascular bundles. The signal intensities in the central and transition zones are lower than those in the peripheral zone. The central and transition zones have similar signal intensities and are best differentiated by their respective anatomic locations. The anterior fibromuscular stroma has low signal intensity. The proximal urethra is rarely identifiable unless a Foley catheter is present or a transurethral resection has been performed. The distal prostatic urethra can be seen as a low-signal-intensity ring in the lower prostate. The vas deferens and seminal vesicles demonstrate high signal intensity. On contrast-enhanced MR images, the peripheral zone enhances more than the transition or central zone. The contrast resolution is similar to that seen on T2WI

医学微生物英语试题

Part 1 Single Best Choice Questions （40 1 point=40 pts)Instruction: (1）Mark the letter that corresponds to the right answer in the formatted ANSWER SHEET with 2B PENCIL。

Since the marks are read by computer, answers in this question sheet will not be collected. （2）For one question，only one letter is permitted to be darkened，otherwise，it will be recognize as wrong by the computer. （3) Do not forget to mark your student ID number and write in your name。

1. Bacteria that lack cell walls and do not synthesize the precursors of peptidoglycan are calledA. SpirochetesB。

ChlamydiaeC。

MycoplasmasD. L formsE. Bacilli2。

Each of the following is a typical property of obligate anaerobe EXCEPTA. They generate energy by using the cytochrome systemB. They grow best in the absence of airC。

They lack superoxide dismutaseD. They lack catalaseE。

2种免疫方法测定尿微量白蛋白的对比研究

论
著
栽澡藻泽蚤泽
·37· 徐羽中袁王金虹袁刘香萍. 2 种免疫方法测定尿微量白蛋白的对比研究[J].
医疗卫生Байду номын сангаас备袁2019袁40渊 8冤院37-41.
2 种免疫方法测定尿微量白蛋白的对比研究
徐羽中袁王金虹袁刘香萍
渊南方医科大学附属深圳市宝安区人民医院检验科袁广东深圳 518101冤
[摘要] 目的院了解免疫散射比浊法与免疫荧光定量法对于检测尿微量白蛋白的精密度袁并以免疫散射比浊法为参考方法判定免疫荧光定量法的系统误差可否接受遥方法院采用重复性试验测量精密度院重复测定低尧中尧高 3 个浓度水平的样本各 20 次袁共测 5 d袁每天 4 次曰采用方法对比试验测量系统误差院取 40 个样本渊 30 个 0耀20 mg/L袁10 个 20耀 200 mg/L冤袁正序尧倒序各测一次袁绘制散点图袁用直线回归分析法计算系统误差遥结果院2 种方法检测结果的变异系数都<7.5%曰以散射比浊法为参考方法袁荧光定量法检测的系统误差<1/2TEa袁且 R2逸0.95遥结论院免疫散射比浊法和免疫荧光定量法检测尿微量白蛋白的精密度良好袁均可运用于临床遥 [关键词] 免疫散射比浊法曰免疫荧光定量法曰尿微量白蛋白曰重复性试验曰方法比较试验 [中国图书资料分类号] R318曰R446 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1003-8868渊2019冤08-0037-05
标志[1]袁可以早期诊断肾病尧评估糖尿病患者肾并发症的危险度尧监测妊娠诱发性高血压的肾损伤袁同时也可以提示其他疾病袁如狼疮性肾病尧泌尿系统感染尧心衰等遥
迄今为止袁UMA 的检测方法主要有放射免疫法尧时间分辨荧光法尧免疫比浊法和乳胶增强免疫比浊法袁而如何保证不同检测方法结果之间的可比性是临床应用中的难题遥目前袁研究 UMA 检测方法的文献有单方法的临床应用与评价袁如 ELISA 法[2]尧免疫散射比浊法等曰也有双方法的可比性研究[3]袁如干化学法和免疫透射比浊法尧化学发光免疫测定法和

诺如病毒感染暴发调查和预防控制技术指南2015版

中疾控传防发〔2015〕184号附件诺如病毒感染暴发调查和预防控制技术指南（2015版）Guidelines on Outbreak Investigation, Prevention and Control of NorovirusInfection (2015)编写人员廖巧红、冉陆、靳淼、崔生辉、袁俊、马会来、班海群、孙立梅、罗莉、刘娜、段招军、余宏杰编写人员单位102206 北京，中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制处, 传染病监测预警重点实验室（廖巧红、冉陆、罗莉、余宏杰）；102206 北京，中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所（靳淼、刘娜、段招军）；102206 北京，中国疾病预防控制中心中国现场流行病学培训项目（马会来）；100021 北京，中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所（班海群）；100050 北京，中国食品药品检定研究院（崔生辉）；511430 广州，广东省疾病预防控制中心（孙立梅）；510440 广州，广州市疾病预防控制中心（袁俊）目录摘要 (5)Abstract (5)一、病原学 (8)（一）病毒结构 (8)（二）基因分型 (9)（三）病毒变异 (10)（四）理化特性 (10)（五）免疫保护与宿主易感性 (10)（六）病毒核酸排出规律 (11)二、临床特征 (11)（一）潜伏期 (11)（二）轻症病例临床表现 (11)（三）重症临床表现和相关危险因素 (12)（四）隐性感染 (13)三、流行病学特征 (15)（一）疾病负担 (15)（二）传播途径 (16)（三）季节性 (17)四、病例定义 (17)五、聚集性疫情和暴发判定标准 (18)六、疫情发现、核实与报告 (18)七、疫情调查 (19)（一）基本情况 (19)（二）流行病学调查 (20)（三）卫生学调查 (23)（四）疫情终止评估 (24)八、实验室检测 (25)（一）标本采集 (25)（二）标本检测 (28)九、预防控制措施 (30)（一）病例管理 (30)（二）手卫生 (31)（三）环境消毒 (31)（四）食品安全管理 (32)（五）水安全管理 (32)（六）风险评估 (33)（七）健康教育 (33)十、附件 (33)致谢 (34)参考文献 (35)摘要诺如病毒具有高度传染性和快速传播能力，是全球急性胃肠炎的散发病例和暴发疫情的主要致病原，疾病负担严重。

北大考研-化学与分子工程学院研究生导师简介-李娜

爱考机构-北大考研-化学与分子工程学院研究生导师简介-李娜李娜副教授，博士生导师分析化学电话：62761187传真：62751708电子信箱：lina@1988、1991和1994年先后获北京大学理学学士、硕士和博士学位。

1994-1998年，北京大学化学学院工作。

1999-2000，美国堪萨斯大学药化系CDDR博士后。

教学：主讲定量化学分析（英语），为教育部2008年度双语教学示范课程获2009年北京市教育教学成果一等奖。

出版教材：1.QuantitativeChemicalAnalysis(英文).北京大学出版社，2009(主编)2009年新闻出版总署“走出去”项目图书2011年北京市精品教材2011年向新加坡世界科技出版公司输出版权2.分析化学I（电子课件）.北京大学出版社,2007(主编)3.分析化学教程学习指导.北京大学出版社,2006(参编)4.分析化学教程.北京大学出版社,2005(参编)5.超越分子前沿.科学出版社，2004(参译)研究领域和兴趣：光学传感新原理、新方法。

主要兴趣为：基于金属纳米材料光谱（荧光、局域表面等离子体共振吸收/散射）的生物传感，以及生物大分子与小分子的相互作用。

2008年以来发表的主要学术论文：XinyiWang,MingjianZou,HongduanHuang,YuqianRen,LimeiLi,XiaodaYang,NaLi* Goldnanoparticleenhancedfluorescenceanisotropyfortheassayofsinglenucleotidepolymorphisms(S NPs)basedontoehold-mediatedstrand-displacementreactionBiosens.Bioelectron.2013,41,569-575XiaoXu,YangChen,HejiaWei,BinXia,FengLiuandNaLi* CountingBacteriaUsingFunctionalizedGoldNanoparticlesastheLight-ScatteringReporterAnal.Chem.2012,84,9721-9728.MingjianZou,YangChen,XiaoXu,HongduanHuang,FengLiu,NaLi* ThehomogeneousFluorescenceAnisotropicSensingofSalivaryLysozymeUsingthe6-carboxyfluoresc ein-labeledDNAAptamerBiosens.Bioelectrn.2012,32,148-154HongduanHuang,MingjianZou,XiaoXu,XinyiWang,FengLiu,andNaLi*TheNear-infraredFluorescenceSpectroscopyofSingle-WalledCarbonNanotubesandtheApplications TrendsAnal.Chem.,2011,30(7),1109-1119RongLei,XinyiWang,ShuifangZhu,NaLi* Anovelelectrochemiluminescenceglucosebiosensorbasedonalcohol-freemesoporousmolecularsieve silicamodifiedelectrodeSensor.Actuat.B-Chem.2011,158,124–129XinyiWang,YaoXu,YangChen,LimeiLi,FengLiu,andNaLi* TheGoldNanoparticleBasedSurfacePlasmonResonanceLight-scatteringandVisualDNAAptasensorf orLysozymeAnal.Bioanal.Chem.,2011,400,2085–2091XinyiWang,YaoXu,XiaoXu,KeHu,MinghuiXiang,LimeiLi,FengLiu,andNaLi* DirectDeterminationofUrinaryLysozymeUsingSurfacePlasmonResonanceLight-ScatteringofGold Nanoparticles.Talanta,2010,82,693-697.RongLei,LutzStratmann,DominikSchaefer,ThomasErichsen,SebastianNeugebauer,NaLi*,andWolfgangSchuhmann*ImagingBiocatalyticActivityofEnzyme-polymerSpotsbyMeansofCombinedScanningElectrochemi calMicroscopy(SECM)/ElectrogeneratedChemiluminescence(ECL)Anal.Chem.,2009,81,5070–5074MinghuiXiang,XiaoXu,FengLiu,NaLi*,andKe’anLi GoldNanoparticleBasedPlasmonResonanceLight-ScatteringMethodasaNewApproachforGlycogen-BiomacromoleculeInteractionsJ.Phys.Chem.B,2009,113(9),2734-2738XinyiWang,MingjianZou,XiaoXu,RongLei,Ke’anLi,andNaLi* DeterminationofHumanUrinaryKanamycininOneStepUsingUrea-enhancedSurfacePlasmonResona nceLight-scatteringofGoldNanoparticlesAnal.Bioanal.Chem.,2009,395(7),2397-2403MinghuiXiang,RongLei,NaLi*,Ke’anLi* ElectrogeneratedChemiluminescenceofRuthenium(II)BipyridylComplexDirectlyImmobilizedonGl assyCarbonElectrodesJ.Appl.Electrochem.,2009,39,921-925RongLei,XiaoXu,DaXu,GangZhu,NaLi*,HuweiLiu,andKe’anLiEnhancedAnodicRu(bpy)32+ElectrogeneratedChemiluminescencebyPolyphenolsAnal.Chim.Acta,2008,625,13-21MinghuiXiang,XiaoXu,DongxuLi,FengLiu,NaLi*,andKe’anLi*SelectiveEnhancementofResonanceLight-scatteringofGoldNanoparticlesbyGlycogenTalanta,2008,76,1207–1211RongLei,XiaoXu,FeiYu,NaLi*,Hu-WeiLiu*,andKe’anLi AMethodtoDetermineQuercetinbyEnhancedLuminolElectrogeneratedChemiluminescence(ECL)an dQuercetinAutoxidationTalanta,2008,75(4),1068-1074FeiYu,DaXu,RongLei,NaLi*,andKe’anLi FreeRadicalScavengingCapacityUsingFentonReactionwithRhodamineBasSpectrophotometricIndi catorJ.Agr.FoodChem.,2008,56,730–735EnglishVersion。

尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值在早期糖尿病肾病中的诊断意义

尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值在早期糖尿病肾病中的诊断意义王宏【摘要】Objective To investigate the significance of urinary albumin and urine creatinine ratio in the diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy. Methods A total of September to December 2015 in our hospital in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients in 78 cases as the observation group, elect to 78 cases over the same period the in health examination in our hospital as control group, specimens from the urine, after centrifugation supernatant, CEPREI 2mac urinary creatinine semiquantitative test paper strip immersed in urine, were detected by our hospital CEPREI R-50 urine analyzer, used sulphur peptide binding method determination of urinary albumin, determination of creatinine in urine alkaline picric acid chemical reaction method, detection two groups of urine albumin, urine creatinine and urine albumin and urinary creatinine ratio.Results In the observation group, urinary albumin, urine creatinine and ACR were signiifcantly higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection of urinary albumin and urinary creatinine ratio can diagnose early diabetic nephropathy, and it is important to take effective treatment and prognosis in patients with early diabetic nephropathy.%目的：探讨尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值在诊断早期糖尿病肾病中的意义。

南华大学第三届研究生楚岳节研究生学术论文获奖-南华大学-研究生处

杨大新郝振府钟记超黄梅芳黄华丽董芳李高吉
陈礼平赵伟丽
刘立红刘清华田东
论弘扬核工业精神的时代价值伦理学视域下的成品油价税费改革中外核事故应急管理体系比较中国自我药疗存在的问题及其治理路径论旅游城市品牌的支撑体系及其建设基于委托代理理论的国有上市公司经营者代理成本问题我国围产儿先天畸形危险因素的 meta 分析湖南省社区卫生服务的“内忧外患” 江西省修水县农村社区居民卫生服务需求与利用状况分析结晶紫共振光散射法测定水样中痕量过氧化氢膳食、营养与肿瘤关系研究进展光催化降解水中甲基叔丁基醚的研究进展番茄红素的应用进展 MicroRNAs 在心血管疾病中作用的研究现状盐酸法舒地尔对急性脑梗死患者血浆 CGRP 浓度的影响及其意义矿用对旋局部通风机风量测量系统研究极软岩层巷道耦合支护设计分析
南华大学第三届研究生楚岳节学术论文获奖名单
为进一步弘扬南华大学优良的学术精神，拓宽广大研究生学术视野，提升研究生创新能力和综合素质，营造浓郁的学术氛围和创新精神，我校举办了以“求是创新格物致知”为活动宗旨的第三届研究生楚岳节。经各学院推荐，专家匿名评审，共评选出 10 篇一等奖论文、18 篇二等奖论文、32 篇三等奖论文和 6 篇优秀奖论文。现将结果公布如下：奖项作者姓名赵陈明炫论文题目 Statistics and Analysis of Human Factor Events in WANO Reports 脂肪醛酮的沸点及色谱保留指数的定量构效关系研究 Effects of various concentration uranium solutions on accumulation and growth parameters of Cyperus iria Linn. 柱形等离子体天线雷达散射截面的时域有限差分法分析 Determination of urinary adenosine using resonance light scattering of gold nanoparticles modified structure-switching aptamer Rapid simultaneous analysis of 1-hydroxypyrene,2-hydroxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1- and 2-naphthol in urine by first derivative synchronous fluorescence spectrometry using Tween-20 as a sensitizer Study on the Enhanced Fluorescent Spectrum of Ciprofloxacin + Al (III) + La (III)+ Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromate System and Its Application 农村中学艾滋病健康教育效果评价从关联翻译理论视角析商务英语信函中模糊语的汉译 uranium 作者单位核科学技术学院化学化工学院核资源与核燃料工程学院核科学技术学院公共卫生学院公共卫生学院公共卫生学院华中师范大学心理学院外国语学院

The Doctor’s Dilemma

The Doctor’s Dilemma: Is It Ever Good to Do Harm?Medical knowledge changes swiftly, and technological changes make new and expensive investigations and treatments possible that were only theoretical a few years ago. Life has been extended in length, but not in quality, and the debates about end‑of‑life decisions show us how much the notion of a “good life” is bound up with the absence of disease, illness and suffering.医学知识变化迅速，技术变革使得几年前还只是理论上的新的昂贵的研究和治疗成为可能。

生命在长度上被延长了，但在质量上却没有延长，关于生命终结决定的辩论向我们展示了“美好生活”的概念与没有疾病、病痛和苦难有多么密切的联系。

The practice of medicine is not purely technical. It involves a relationship between a person who is seeking help, and who may be vulnerable, and a person who has the skills and knowledge to help. Relationships that involve disparities of power, knowledge and vulnerability require some degree of external oversight and regulation. Traditionally, in medicine, this oversight has taken the form of codes of ethics, starting with the Hippocratic Corpus. Today, bodies such as the General Medical Council and the Royal Colleges define the standards of good medical practice.行医不是纯技术的。