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功能对等理论指导下的科技英语翻译策略初探

摘要：当今世界，随着经济全球化逐步深入，不同国家间的经济活动日益频繁。

其中，科学技术的交流占据着相当重要的位置。

因此，对于我国了解到国外最新的科技信息而言，科技英语翻译扮演着极其重要的角色。

本文主要从科技英语文本的词汇和句法这两大层面着手，先分析词汇和句法上的各自特点，然后结合实例阐述在奈达的“功能对等”理论指导下所采用的翻译策略。

关键词：功能对等  科技英语  翻译策略一、引言随着经济全球化的深入发展和中国的改革开放逐步踏入“深水区”，中国和国外的交流愈发频繁。

科技英语（EST，English for Science and Technology）是专门用途英语（ESP，English for Specific Purposes）中最重要的一个分支，不但量大，而且特点鲜明。

加强对科技英语的研究及其翻译策略的深入探讨，对我国的科技进步和经济发展具有非常重大的现实意义。

（一）“功能对等”的定义奈达认为，功能对等的对等具体表现在四个层面：词汇对等、句法对等、篇章对等、文体对等（郭建中，2004）。

“功能对等”要求译文在内容对等的同时，尽可能也要做到形式对等，但优先侧重内容对等。

如果无法做到同时兼顾这两个层面上的对等，就需要在译文中改变原文本的形式，舍弃形式对等，从而保证实现内容、意义上的对等。

（二）科技英语文本的特点（1）词汇特点。

通常出现在科技英语中的词汇可以被分为三大类：专业词汇、半专业词汇和非专业词汇。

专业词汇大多出现在正式的科学技术文档或专著中，占比较小，更多见的是半专业词汇和非专业词汇。

（2）句法特点。

总的来说，在科技英语文本中表现出的句法特征主要有四种，即长句多且结构复杂、被动语态使用多、一般时态的使用多、名词化结构和术语使用多。

二、功能对等理论指导下的科技英语文本翻译策略（1）词汇翻译策略。

词语是语篇的最小组成单位。

一般可以采用直译逐词翻译。

但因为中英文在表达习惯、文化背景上的区别，为了在词汇层面实现功能对等，有时候形式要让位于意义，可能需要采取变换词性、增词减词等方法来实现信息的精确传递。

功能对等理论下的“双碳”文本翻译探索

2024年第7期现代商贸工业Modern Business Trade Industry基金项目:西安石油大学2021年度研究生教育综合改革研究与实践课题石油特色翻译课程案例教学模式研究及案例库建设(2021-X -YJG -020)㊂作者简介:牛绿洲(1992-),女,吉林榆树人,西安石油大学外国语学院翻译硕士,研究方向:英语笔译;高鹏鹏,陕西礼泉人,西安石油大学外国语学院副教授㊁硕士生导师,研究方向:石油专门用途英语翻译理论与实践㊂功能对等理论下的双碳文本翻译探索牛绿洲㊀高鹏鹏(西安石油大学,陕西西安710065)摘㊀要:在全球围绕双碳目标进行环境保护的背景下, 双碳技术文本的翻译需求越来越受到重视㊂本文以功能对等理论为指导理论,结合COCA 语料库,从语义㊁语篇两个层面对此类文本的翻译方法进行探索,从语义的角度,对行业的专业术语进行准确把握;语篇层面,注重目标文本的句式特点与篇章结构,符合目标语行业表达习惯,从而达到满足跨文化交际的目的㊂关键词: 双碳文本;功能对等理论;翻译中图分类号:F74㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀文献标识码:A㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀doi:10.19311/ki.1672-3198.2024.07.0320㊀引言沙涛㊁李群㊁于法稳(2022)发布了‘低碳发展蓝皮书“中国碳中和发展报告,影响巨大㊂通过对源文本分析,译者发现可行性研究报告属于应用科技类文本,具有信息量大㊁逻辑严密等特点㊂吕娜(2021)通过评‘英汉翻译技巧“一书,进行功能对等理论与科技文本翻译的契合性探索㊂1㊀尤金㊃奈达功能对等理论尤金㊃奈达首先提出动态对等理论,所追求的是用最自然的语言来最大程度地呈现源文本信息㊂之后又提出了功能对等理论,该理论以实现翻译的交际功能,读者的心理感受对等为重点,在此基础上,尽量追求形式对等㊂2㊀双碳类文本研究在双碳文本中,涉碳术语多,需要准确翻译;从表达方式来看,源文本分句(即流水句)居多㊂而目标文本,需句式精练,符合目标语读者的阅读习惯㊂可进行原文结构的调整,采用直译㊁意译㊁增译法等翻译方法,借助长句㊁被动语态㊁定语从句等翻译手段以实现译文的可读性㊁客观性㊂3㊀功能对等理论指导下的双碳类文本翻译根据双碳类文本行文风格特点,在目标文本再现源文本信息的基础上,译者从语义㊁语篇两个层面剖析,以此来最大程度地实现信息对等与读者心理反应对等,同时进行一些必要的删减增补,以此达到舍形取神的目的㊂3.1㊀语义层面3.1.1㊀聚焦原文,精准翻译在双碳文本中,官方的翻译直接采用即可;而有些术语新词,则是中国根据本国国情提出,多用四字或六字词语表达,强调对偶工整等㊂在新词生成的背后,有着人类普遍的认知机制,这就为英汉互译提供了可能邵斌,黎昌抱(2010)㊂译者借助COCA 语料库,对此类新词的高频翻译进行分析,结合具体词汇语义,将其置于原文语义中㊂例1:中国生态文明建设进入以降碳为重点战略方向,推动减污降碳协同增效,促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型,实现生态环境质量改善由量变到质变的关键时期㊂Translation:The building of Chinese eco -civilization has entered the critical period,with carbon reduction as its key strategic orientation,promoting synergistic effect of the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions,and the green transformation of economic and social development in an all -round way,thus to accomplish improvement of biological environment from quantitative change to quality.分析: 中国生态文明全面绿色转型翻译时通过参照平行文本,查询中国术语库,采用直译的方法㊂其中减污降碳翻译,一方面注重翻译完整性,另一方面又力求译文的简洁客观性,符合科技英语表达习惯,根据句意,减㊁降可省译,均翻译为reduction㊂例2: 十三五时期是碳减排相关政策文件的主要形成期,这一时期减排目标逐步明确㊁减排范围逐渐扩展到各个领域,这也是中国碳汇指数整体呈现上升趋势的重要原因㊂Translation:The 13th Five -Year Plan is a critical pe-riod that sees the documents about reduction of carbon emis-sions are mainly formulated,a period that witnesses gradual-ly clearer goal for carbon reduction and more wide range that expands into every field,which is the main reason for the ascending of carbon offset index in China.分析:该句主要是碳汇的翻译,译者通过查询COCA 术语库方法,主要有carbon sink,carbon storage 及carbon offset 的翻译(见表1),其中carbon storage 总词频㊃39㊃现代商贸工业Modern Business Trade Industry2024年第7期最高,在学术期刊中的使用量也最高㊂显然根据词频使用情况来确定碳汇翻译是不恰当的㊂文中指的是中国出台系列政策措施来抵消二氧化碳的排放量㊂而off-set本身有补偿;抵消之意㊂因而采用 carbon offset 的翻译用法㊂表1㊀碳汇英文翻译碳汇翻译总词频总文本词频学术期刊词频carbon sink985934 carbon storage1176483 carbon offset33286㊀㊀注:数据来源COCA语料库㊂3.1.2㊀适度转化,结构调整双碳文本中存在隐含主语,多为并列句㊂反观英文,则需主语明确,主次分明㊂翻译应确定主语使句子结构完整;另使用加注法对句意进行补充说明,实现句意的完整传达㊂例:有研究认为人均GDP达到2.2万美元时,在统计意义上可实现人均碳排放达峰,但受多种不确定性因素影响,各国人均碳排放峰值和达到峰值的年份不同㊂Translation:Some research shows that Peak Carbon Dioxide Emission of per capita can be achieved in statistics level once GDP of per capita attains$22,000.Yet the peak value realized in different countries and in different years differs affected by uncertain factors.分析:可采用被动语态的翻译,将原句的在统计意义上可实现人均碳排放达峰作主句,并使人均碳排放达峰作被动语态中的主语,这样使得行文客观,便于读者理解事实的发生原因㊁发现以及结果㊂3.1.3㊀聚焦背景,化虚为实译者需充分了解翻译文本的背景知识,考虑文本所要传达的信息背景,进行上下文分析联系㊂在翻译中要指代明确,避免出现混淆㊁指代不明的情况,将源文本中隐含的知识化为实体㊂例1:从双碳目标经济学内涵来看,碳中和是基于经济增长与二氧化碳排放脱钩理论及EKC假说,由发展优先到建设美丽中国㊁实现中国经济低碳转型与高质量发展的现实要求㊂Translation:To view double carbon (peak carbon dioxide emissions,carbon neutrality)within the category of the target economics,carbon neutrality is based on economic growth,decoupling theory for carbon dioxide emissions and EKC hypothesis.And it requires that what China should do in realistic areas range from priority development to beauti-ful China,realization of low-carbon transformation and high-quality development in economics.分析: 现实要求前修饰的定语成分较多,若按原文结构翻译,则译文冗杂㊂将要求名词译为动词 re-quire , 现实处理为状语 in realistic areas ,并在从句中采用增加主语的方法 what China should do ,实现语义层面的对等㊂例2:未来40年内,中国将开启经济社会的全方位绿色低碳转型,而碳中和对世界各国而言都是一条全新的发展道路,并没有成功经验可以借鉴,中国必须自主探索相关路径,主动应对挑战并克服困难㊂Translation:In the next40years,China will initiate green low-carbon transformation of economic society in allrespects.While the carbon neutrality is a new development path for all countries,and none of successful experience could be borrowed from,so it is necessary that China explore its own way independently,actively facing challenges and o-vercoming difficulties.分析: 相关路径是需符合中国国情的道路,采用增译法 its own way ;在第二个意群中添加 so 表示原文的一句到底处理为因果句使其条理分明㊂3.2㊀语篇层面在实现译文的语意完整基础上,语篇的连贯性不可或缺,需厘清意群,梳理句子主干与分支;同时化繁为简,表达凝练㊂例:中国减排成效显著,2019年碳排放强度比2005年降低48.1%,但碳中和目标提出后,中国的碳减排工作遇到了转折点,需从产业到部门㊁从国家到省(区㊁市)重新探索更为安全可靠的方案和路径,挖掘产业升级与绿色转型的潜在机遇㊂Translation:Carbon reductions in China has achieved great fruit for lowered48.1%of carbon emissions in2019 compared with that in2015.However,the proceeding carbon emissions faced a turning point since the Carbon Neutrality goal was proposed,which requires that we need again ex-plore scheme and pathway more safe and reliable from the national level to capital,prefecture also municipality,tap po-tential opportunities for industry upgrading and green trans-formation.分析:该表达是典型的流水句式,逐句翻译可读性不高㊂故将原句整合为两个意群,第一个为国内形势降低48.1%,整理为一个英语长句;并通过 how-ever 衔接两个意群㊂4㊀结语本文通过语义分析㊁语篇分析两个层面对此类文本的翻译进行剖析,认为应以准确翻译语义为首要任务,兼顾形式对等,灵活运用功能对等理论,使目标语读者接收到和源语读者一样的文本信息与感受,从而实现中国双碳话语的有效传播㊂参考文献[1]匡耀求,肖子茜,谢梦仪,等.术语Carbon Storage汉译探讨[J].中国科技术语,2022,24(04):86-95.[2]吕娜.功能对等理论在英语翻译中的应用探讨评‘英汉翻译技巧“[J].热带作物学报,2021,42(06):1843. [3]沙涛,李群,于法稳,等.‘低碳发展蓝皮书“中国碳中和发展报告[M].社会科学文献出版社,2022:001-043.㊃49㊃。

卡特福德翻译转换理论指导下科技英语的翻译与研究

现代商贸工业2021年第17期149作者简介:张洁(1996-),女,汉族,山东济宁人,山东科技大学研究生在读,研究方向:英语笔译㊂卡特福德翻译转换理论指导下科技英语的翻译与研究张洁(山东科技大学外国语学院,山东青岛266590)摘要:随着时代的发展,科技英语已成为连接国际新兴产业技术的纽带,在学习和交流先进科学技术方面发挥着重要的中介作用㊂科技英语重在传递信息,卡特福德的翻译转换理论是以牺牲形式对等为基础,力求语意的准确传达㊂因此本文在卡特福德翻译转换理论的指导下,结合科技英语的特点,探讨卡式翻译转换理论在科技翻译实践中的应用㊂关键词:卡特福德;翻译转换理论;科技英语;翻译研究中图分类号:G 4 文献标识码:A d o i :10.19311/j .c n k i .1672-3198.2021.17.070 1965年,英国著名翻译理论家,约翰㊃坎尼森㊃卡特福德(J ㊃C ㊃C a t f o r d)在其著作‘翻译的语言学理论“(AL i n g u i s t i cT h e o r y o fT r a n s l a t i o n ,1965)中首次提出翻译转换这一概念,他将转换定义为原语进入译语过程中离开形式的对应㊂虽然我国在翻译研究中已取得了一定的成果,但很少有人将词汇㊁句法作为切入点,深入到翻译过程的内部中去㊂本文将从翻译转换入手,结合具体实例,阐述翻译转换理论在科技英语中的应用㊂1 卡特福德翻译转换理论卡特福德沿袭了韩礼德的系统功能语法,从语言学的角度分析语言在语境中的作用功能㊂就翻译而言,卡特福德将此定义为用一种等值的语言的文本材料替换另一种语言的文本材料㊂这里的等值并不是词对词的再现原文信息,而是要注意语义的传达㊂卡特福德在等值理论的基础上提出了形式对应和文本等值 , 形式对应是指译文的任何一个类别与源语所在的类别完全对应 ,它更多关注的是两种语言之间更为宽泛的一个概念;而文本等值是指译文的全文或部分与原文部全文或部分等值 ,更侧重于特定一对源语与译语之间的关系㊂当两个概念不同时, 翻译转换就此出现,因此,翻译转换就是这样从原语到目标语过程中偏离了形式对应㊂在韩礼德阶和范畴的基础上他将翻译转换分为两类,分别为层次转换(l e v e ls h i f t s )和范畴转换(c a t e g o r y s h i f t s )㊂2 科技英语的特点科技英语不像文学那样具有感性形象思维,科技英语不带主观色彩㊁客观描述性强㊁逻辑清晰㊁措辞严谨,其目的是传达信息,使读者容易理解而不产生太多的想象㊂科技英语在文体修辞上也不经常运用比喻㊁排比㊁夸张等修辞手段,而是要准确表达客观规律,按照逻辑思维清晰地描述问题㊂2.1 词汇特点在词汇方面,科技英语最典型的特征就是使用大量专业术语,而且此类专业词汇词义单一,出现频率不高,在翻译时,译者要借助资料进行查阅,力保准确传达信息;另外一个典型特征是随着时代的发展,语言也在不断更新变化,再加上科技英语本身语言简练的特点,人们越来越喜欢运用缩合法进行构词㊂例如, s m o g 一词为 s m o k e 和 f o g的组合, f i n t e c h 为 f i -n a n c e 与 t e c h n o l o g y的合写,此类单词还有很多,译者在翻译时要清楚这些单词中掐头去尾的成分㊂2.2 句法特点在句法方面,科技英语注重客观事实㊁概念描述性强㊁语言简练㊁逻辑性强㊂由于英汉思维习惯的不同,英语语言中常常使用被动句㊂例如, U s e r d e v i c e sm a yb e g i v e n r e l a y i n g f u nc t i o n a l i t y i n o rde r t o s u p po r t a n d /o r a s s i s t o t h e r d e v i c e s t o r e a c h t h e n e t w o r kn o d e s t h a ta r e s t i l l o p e r a t i o n a l A c c u r a c y i s e x p r e s s e d a s ab s o l u t e e r r o r o r r e l a t i v e e r r o r . b e g i v e n ,b e e x pr e s s e d 都体现了英语的被动语态,被动语态的广泛使用可以体现科技英语以客观的方式叙述事实,凸显科学性,译者在翻译时要注意汉语的表达习惯,不要过分拘泥于原文的结构㊂科技英语句法上另一个特点表现在大量使用长难句,例如, L a s e r ,i t s c r e a t i o nb e i n g t h o u gh t t ob e o n e o f t o d a y sw o n d e r ,i s n o t h i n g m o r e t h a n a l i gh t d i f -f e r s f r o mo r d i n a r y l i g h t so n l y i n t h a t i t i sm a n y t i m e s m o r e p o w e r f u l a n d s o c a n b e a p pl i e d i n t h e f i e l d t h a t n o o r d i n a r y l i gh t o r o t h e r s u b s t a n c e h a s e v e r b e e n a b l e t o g e t i n . 此句结构较为复杂,既有被动语态,又包含从句㊁比较级等,翻译长难句时,译者要抓住句子的中心内容,弄清各部分之间的逻辑关系,按照汉语表达习惯正确译出原文意思㊂3 翻译转换理论在科技英语中的应用商贸教育现代商贸工业2021年第17期1503.1 层次转换层次转换是指一种语言中的语法现象,在翻译时在使用另一种语言的词汇来表达㊂卡特福德将层次转换划分为四个层次,分别为语法层㊁词汇层㊁形态层和语音层㊂事实上只有词汇层和语法层发生了转换㊂从英汉两种语言的区别来看,英语的语言形式变化是显性的,而汉语的变化是隐藏在语义中的㊂在语法中,英语名词都单复数形式,英语动词有时态的变化;而汉语不会具体体现在词形上㊂举例来说:(1)A l b e r tE i n s t e i n ,w h od e v e l o p e dt h e t h e o r y of r e l a t i v i t y.(阿尔伯特㊃爱因斯坦创立了相对论㊂)原文中的 d e v e l o p e d 是 d e v e l o p的过去式,表达事情发生在过去㊂英语中将其动词变为过去时态,这是语法上的改变㊂但是在汉语中表达过去时态往往是添加词汇,译文增加了了表示发生再过去㊂(2)W h e n t r a v e l i n g i n a h i g h -s p e e d t r a i n ,p a s s e n -g e r sw o u l dw a n t t o u t i l i z e t h e o n -b o a r d t i m e f o r t h e i r u s u a l a c t i v i t i e s i nas i m i l a rw a y a sw h e nt h e y ar ea t h o m e .(乘客在列车上想像在家里一样使用网络㊂)原文中 p a s s e n g e r s 是名词 p a s s e n ge r 的复数形式,在单词后面加上 s表示很多乘客㊂但是在汉语中不会对乘客本身做任何改变,而是增加相应的数词来表达和源语同样的意思㊂以上两句话中在词汇和语法上都体现了卡特福德的层次转换,将源语中的语法体现以词汇的形式在目标语中表达出来㊂3.2 范畴转换卡特福德的翻译转换理论绝大部分用来分析范畴转换的㊂他将范畴转换分为四中不同的类型,分别为结构转换㊁词类转换㊁单位转换和内部体系转换㊂(1)结构转换:卡特福德认为借此转换是翻译过程中运用最多的转换方法㊂在英汉两种语言中比如主被动语态的转换㊁句子结构成分之间的转换㊁肯定否定之间的转换等都用到结构转换㊂例如,1990ss a wt h eg r e a t a d v a n c e d i n c o m p u t e r i n d u s t r y w i t h e m e r ge n c e of m u l t i m e d i a .(伴随着多媒体的出现,计算机工业在上世纪90年代取得了显著的发展㊂)分析此句可以看出原句1990s 作为一个无灵主语(英语中将无生命的事物名词称为无灵名词),译成汉语时,将无灵主语却译成了状语,这种语言间结构的转换便称为结构转换㊂(2)词类转换:词类转换顾名思义就是一种词性转换为另一种词性的过程,比如汉英中的名词转换为动词㊁形容词转换为名词㊁副词转换为形容词等㊂举例来说, T h i s p r o p e r t y i s o f g r e a t i m po r t a n c e . (这一特性是极为重要的㊂) i m p o r t a n c e 名词重要性译为了汉语的重要的 ,将名词转换成了形容词,词性发生了改变㊂(3)单位转换:韩礼德在系统功能语法中将阶分为三种,级阶㊁说明阶和精密阶,级阶又进一步分为词素㊁词㊁词组㊁分句以及句子㊂卡特福德在韩礼德级阶的概念基础上进一步分析,认为它是目标语中等值翻译与源语不在统一阶级上㊂例如,O n a c c o u n t o f t h e a c c u -r a c y a n d e l s ew i t hw h i c h r e s i s t a n c em e a s u r e m e n t sm a yb em a d e a n d t h ew e l l -k n o w nm a n n e r i nw h ic h r e s i s t -a n c e v a r i e sw i t h t e m pe r a t u r e ,i t i s c o m m o n t ou s e t h i s v a r i a t i o n t o i n d i c a t ec h a n g e s i nt e m pe r a t u r e .(我们知道,电阻是随着温度的变化而变化的㊂电阻测量起来既准确又方便,因此通常使用电阻的变化来表示温度的变化㊂)原句一气呵成并且包含多个并列从句,句子里的主要成分以及逻辑关系并不是很密切㊂译成汉语时,首先可以将其断句,找到主要成分;然后按照汉语的表达习惯将长句中的从句分别译成独立的小句;最后为了使句子连贯可以适当增加一些范畴词,这种处理方法准确的传达了信息,译文也不会冗长㊂(4)内部体系转换:内部体系转换是指源语和目标语的成分大致对应,但是没有非常具体的表达,在翻译时译者需要在目标语里选择一个非对应的词语进行表达㊂例如,T h e c o n c e p t o fH e t N e t s h a s a l r e a d yb e e n i m -pl e m e n t e d i n c u r r e n t n e t w o r k s .(异构网络已经应用于当前网络中)笔者在汉语中没有找到与 H e t N e t s相对应的确切的表述,但通过上下文的语境分析这是在描述一种新型网络,所以可以确定为网络 ,通过查阅资料发现 H e t N e t s 是由 h e t e r o ge n e o u s 和n e t -w o r k s合成的新词,根据两个单词的意思,运用内部体系转换,笔者将其处理成为异构网络㊂4 总结卡特福德的翻译转换理论是一种全新的尝试,他将语言学的最新成果应用到翻译过程中去,为译界提供了新思路㊂但是,没有一个翻译理论是完美的,卡特福德对内部体系转换的分析也暴露了其中的一些缺陷㊂翻译转换理论仅适用于句子层级以下的分析,只能解决语言结构上的问题,没有从整个语篇的角度进行研究,这也是其他译者对于翻译转换理论进行抨击的主要因素㊂但是翻译是个仁者见仁,智者见智的问题,没有最好的翻译,只有更好的翻译㊂作为译者要秉承客观理性的态度认识该理论,提高自身翻译能力,促使翻译理论不断向前发展㊂参考文献[1]C a t f o r d ,J .C .AL i n g u i s t i cT h e o r y ofT r a n s l a t i o n [M ].L o n d o n :O x f o r dU n i v e r s i t y P r e s s ,1965.[2]O s s e i r a n ,A .,M o n s e r r a t ,J .F .5G M o b i l e a n dW i r e l e s s C o m m u n i -c a t i o nT e c h n o l o g y [M ].L o n d o n :C a m b r i d g eU n i v e r s i t y P r e s s ,2016.[3]杰里米㊃芒迪.翻译学导论:理论与应用[M ].李德凤,等译.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2014.[4]卡特福德.翻译的语言学理论[M ].穆雷,译.北京:旅游教育出版社,1991.[5]杨跃,马刚.实用科技英语翻译[M ].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2008.[6]朱曼菲.翻译转换理论在翻译实践中的应用以‘冰雪王国:伟大而惊险的北极征程“为例[D ].北京:北京外国语大学,2016.。

从语篇视角看科技英语汉译的词义选择

章的类似的结构中或相同的词汇搭配上，使非同义词在特定的场合或者说在特定的语境中具有同义关系。这种情况通常也被归于同义词语的替代的范畴，本文基于行文方便的考虑，两者分别予以论述。这种情况更应该引起我们的重将视，这类句子汉译时同样应该使用同一个词汇来表达。否则，如果不顾两种语言行文习惯的差异，生搬硬套，就有可能
使用同义词或近义词，又称为同义词语的替代，指使用
两个或两个以上含义基本相同的词语来表达同一个概念的事物、行为或状态。这种句子译成汉语，译名应尽量一致，不必寻找汉语同义词。例如：
一
、
语篇与异词同义的翻译
英语的异词同义，又称多词一义，通常指同一概念的事
两者都用生物系统作模式，仿生学为研制有效的人工机器和人造系统而寻求新答案，控制论则寻求解释生物行为的
答案。
物、为或状态使用两个 Biblioteka 两个以上含义基本相同的不同词行
语来表达的现象，有时同一概念的事物、为或状态使用但行两个或两个以上含义不同的词语来表达的现象也称为异词同义。英美人写文章常常追求语言“ 化” ｖｒｔ）不仅有变（ａｉｙ，ｅ
近义词，二是使用异义词，三是利用词汇的上下义关系。以下我们分别探讨。
１．使用同义词或近义词
原译：切削通过刀具表面时，控制切削的有效方法是：引
导细圈使其成为紧密缠绕的螺旋体。
孤立地看，原文ｃｉｈｐ和ｃｉ并非同义词：ｏｌ前者为“ 金属（等的）切削 ”后者为 “ 圈” “ ，线、绕组 ” 。但从语篇看，两者具

功能对等理论指导下的生态类科技文本英汉翻译实践报告

大连理工大学专业学位硕士论文摘要随着全球经济飞速发展，城市化的速度也在逐渐提升，空气污染、气候变化等问题也成为了当今环境治理方面的两大重要挑战。

中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家，经济发展速度前所未有，而在建设社会主义现代化强国的过程中，生态环境建成为了社会主义现代化建设的重要内涵。

在此背景下，译者决定翻译《蓝绿解决方案》。

本书主要介绍了来自帝国理工学院的科研团队所研发的创新性城市环境治理解决方案，为城市治理提供新的思路。

该方案在许多国家和地区已经开展了试点工作，而在国内的应用仍是空白。

本次翻译实践的主要目的就是通过对本书的翻译，为我国相关领域人员提供更有价值的借鉴与参考，并为生态类科技英文文本的翻译提供一定的参考和启示。

译者通过对于原文本和同类科技文本进行分析，结合科技文本的文体特点和语法特点，在功能对等理论的指导下，分析了科技文本的翻译过程中存在的问题，通过对翻译技巧的探讨，撰写了本篇翻译实践报告。

本报告包括任务描述、翻译过程、案例分析和结论部分。

其中，案例分析部分为此报告的核心。

译者以奈达的功能对等理论作为指导，从词汇，句法，语篇三个层面探讨翻译过程中遇到的问题，并提出相应的解决办法。

在词汇层面，译者提出了增词、减词，以及对于术语和一般词汇进行的直译或通过语境进行翻译。

在句法层面，译者利用词性的转换和语态的转换，根据中英文表达习惯等差异，对于译文的形式进行适当的改变。

为了实现语篇的连贯和对等，译者采用了调序以及增词的方法。

最后，报告将总结在本次翻译实践中总结的翻译方法以及整个工作的总结以及局限性。

关键词：功能对等理论；科技文本翻译；英汉翻译A Report on E-C Translation of Ecological EST under the Guidance of Functional Equivalence TheoryA Report on E-C Translation of Ecological EST under the Guidance ofFunctional Equivalence TheoryAbstractWith the rapid development of the global economy, the speed of urbanization is gradually increasing, and problems such as air pollution and climate change have become two major challenges in environmental governance. As the largest developing country in the world, China has experienced an unprecedented economic increasing. The construction of the ecological environment has been a core of socialist modernization. Considering the background, the translator decides to translate Blue Green Solutions. This book mainly introduces innovative urban environmental governance solutions developed by the scientific research team of Imperial College to provide new ideas for urban governance. The program has already carried out pilot work in many countries and regions, but its application in China is still blank. The main purpose of this translation practice is to provide a more valuable reference for the relevant fields in China through the translation of this book and to provide reference and inspiration for the translation of ecological EST texts.The translator analyzes the source text and the parallel text combining with the stylistic and grammatical characteristics of the EST text, under the guidance of functional equivalence theory, solves the problems encountered in the translation process and finally writes this translation practice report.This report includes task introduction, translation process, case study and conclusion. The case study is the core of this report. The translator uses Nida’s functional equivalence theory as a guide to explore the problems encountered in the translation process from the three levels of lexical level, syntactic level, and discourse level, and proposes corresponding solutions. At the lexical level, the translator uses addition and omission, as well as literal translation of terms and contextual translation of common words. At syntactic level, the translator uses conversion to make appropriate changes to the form of the translation based on differences in Chinese and English expression habits. In order to achieve coherence and equivalence at discourse level, the translator adopts the method of rearrangement and addition. Finally, the report will have a conclusion of the translation methods in the translation practice and the summary and limitations of the entire work.Key Words：Functional Equivalence; EST Translation; E-C Translation目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)Chapter 1 Introduction (1)1.1 Background of the Translation Project (1)1.2 Significance of the Translation Project (2)Chapter 2 Theoretical Basis (3)2.1 EST and EST Translation (3)2.1 Overview on Nida’s Translation Theory (3)2.2 Nida’s Functional equivalence (4)2.3 The Application of Functional Equivalence (6)Chapter 3 Translation Process (7)3.1 Pre-Translation Preparation (7)3.2 Analysis of the Source Text (8)3.2.1 Lexical features (8)3.2.2 Syntactic Features (9)Chapter 4 Case Study (11)4.1 Translation at Lexical Level (11)4.1.1 Literal Translation (11)4.1.2 Contextual Translation (13)4.1.3 Amplification and Omission (14)4.2 Translation at Syntactic Level (15)4.2.1 Nominalizations to Verbs (15)4.2.1 Passive V oice to Active V oice (16)4.3 Translation at Discourse Level (17)Chapter 5 Conclusion (21)5.1 Findings in the Translation Process (21)5.2 Summary and Limitations (22)References (23)Appendix I Term Bank and Abbreviation (25)Appendix II Source Text and Target Text (29)Acknowledgments (88)大连理工大学学位论文版权使用授权书 (89)Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Background of the Translation ProjectUrbanization is characteristic of the modern world. At present, economic and social development is in an important strategic transition period, and urbanization has been given an important historical mission. However, the impact of urbanization on the ecological environment cannot be ignored. How to improve the quality and benefits of urbanization development in accordance with the concept of green development is a challenge faced by China and all countries in the world. As an applied discipline, the translation should make its due contribution to people’s further understanding of the world. It is the mission of our translation students to translate valuable foreign books or materials into Chinese and introduce them to Chinese people to expand international cooperation and promote the better development of our economy.My translation project is a technological report entitled Blue Green Solutions, edited by Čedo Maksimovic and some other contributors. This technological report was fun ded by Climate-KIC, which is a Knowledge and Innovation Community supported by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology. Čedo Maksimovic, the major contributor to this guidebook, is from Imperial College London. His research fields include applied fluid mechanics in urban water systems: storm drainage, urban flooding water supply and interactions of urban water systems and infrastructure with the environment. In addition to lecturing on the MSc and UG courses, Prof. Maksimovic serves as a project coordinator of EPSRC, EU and UNESCO projects in the UK, and other projects in Europe and in other continents dealing with the above topics. This translation project comes from the BGS translation cooperation project that my supervisor discussed with the author at Imperial College.Blue Green Solutions is a guidebook that presents an innovative framework to systematically unlock the multiple benefits of city natural infrastructure [1]. Chapter 1 gives an introduction of Nature Based Solutions (NBS) and Blue Green Solutions (BGS) to prove that the NBS is a mono-function way, which has become increasingly unsuitable for cities nowadays. The Blue Green Dream (BGD) project created a framework for synergizing urban water and plant systems to provide effective, multifunctional Blue Green Solutions (BGS) to support urban adaptation to climatic change. Chapter 2 describes the development process of BGS, the limitations of traditional NBS in urban transitions and the innovative urban transition of BGS. It is pointed out that the BGS is not based on a single discipline to provide solutions for urban transition but is based on the coordination and communication of multiple discipline teams. Chapter 3 describes the design process when planning urban transition with BGS, and reduces the cost to the minimum by coordinating the participation degree of each stakeholder to realizeA Report on E-C Translation of Ecological EST under the Guidance of Functional Equivalence Theorythe maximization of the benefits of urban transition. Chapter 4 describes how to quantify the economic and ecological benefits of the blue-green solution. Chapter 5 is a case study of six pilot units.1.2 Significance of the Translation ProjectThis translation project is significant in the following two senses:Academic significance. BGS elaborated on the relationship between urban design and climate change from the perspective of urbanization. Each contributor is an expert in environmental engineering, civil engineering, energy and economics, and explains the whole process of BGS from pre-design to construction to benefit evaluation. After an in-depth study of climate change, they created new solutions that were different from traditional NBSs. Secondly, the study of climate change involves many factors, including science, energy, politics and economy. Therefore, it is not a simple matter to make it clear. This guidebook makes a detailed case study of the communities, campuses and other places that adopt the BGS to realize construction or renovation, then proves the correctness and innovation of the theory with practice. So this guidebook provides a good platform for the target language readers and related researchers.Realistic significance. The special feature of the BGS is that its target group can be a professional group, as well as developers, factory managers, governments, investors and other stakeholders. This paper presents the theoretical knowledge that BGS takes and the benefits that BGS brings. Translating this guidebook into Chinese is valuable for relevant experts and stakeholders to use for reference in designing urban construction or renovation. In addition, translating this paper into Chinese will provide a window for the public to understand the close relationship between urban development and climate change. As the biggest developing country in the world, China will contribute significantly to global environmental protection and economic development by running her own affairs well. Therefore, translating this book into Chinese can provide more reference programs for China in the construction of ecological civilization.大连理工大学专业学位硕士论文Chapter 2 Theoretical Basis2.0 EST and EST TranslationIn the first chapter, the content of the source text is about the new research in the area of environmental engineering, which is typical English for Science and Technology (EST). Many related studies on the translation of EST texts have shown that the style of EST is characterized by standard language, objective statement, strong logic, a large amount of information and a high degree of specialization. Compared with literary translation, scientific translation requires a translation that is accurate and expressive in content, well-structured and well-defined [2,3]. Therefore, when translating EST texts, the translator must analyze the characteristics and language features of the source text.In the translation process, the translator believes that the ultimate purpose of EST translation is using simple, accurate language to express the same concepts and information as the original to promote scientific and technological knowledge. Therefore, in addition to considering the basic concepts of the translation such as “literal translation” and “parallel translation,” it should also pay attention to the equivalence in the function of the target text and the source text to make sure that the reader or audience may have the same response of the source language receptor [4]. Therefore, from the perspective of the requirements of EST translation and the reader’s response, EST translation coincides with Nida's functional equivalence theory.2.1 Overview on Nida’s Translation TheoryNida’s basic translation ideas can be summarized in the following three points. ①Translation is a communicative activity between languages. ②The goal of translation is to transfer the meanings. ③In order to transfer meanings, the form of the source texts can be adjusted [4]. Nida regards translation as a cross-language, cross-cultural communicative activity, which is in line with the purpose of the EST translation, that is, to convey the latest research in related disciplines, and to provide new research methods for the domestic academic circles. For the second point, Nida’s explanation is: To make the source text reader and target text readers communicate with each other, the meaning of the source texts must be clearly transferred. This is also the most basic requirement for translation of the source text. Since the habit of Chinese and English expressions are not the same, in order to achieve translation, the forms of language expressions must be changed. EST has its own textual characteristics, and we must correctly grasp these characteristics in translation, and reproduce the information of the source language with the closest and natural equivalents[5]. This is the core point of functional equivalence theory.A Report on E-C Translation of Ecological EST under the Guidance of Functional Equivalence TheoryIn addition to functional equivalence theory, Nida believes that the translation process can be divided into following four stages, namely analysis, transfer, restructuring and test [5]. ①Analysis is mainly to determine the meaning of the original text. The meaning here refers to the meaning of words, phrases, grammar, syntax and discourse structure. That is, the translators must grasp both the meaning of the content and the characteristics of the form. ②Transfer is to transfer the information analyzed from the source language to the target language. ③Restructuring is to reorganize the words, syntax and discourse features to achieve maximum comprehension of the target receptor. ④Test. To expose the deficiency of translation based on testing the reader’s response. Transfer, restructuring and test is a process that needs to be repeated in the translation process in order to do the best translation. Therefore, in the translation process, the characteristics of the original text should be analyzed first. After having a complete grasp of the content and linguistic characteristics of the original text, it should be translated sentence by sentence.2.2 Nida’s Functional equivalenceThe core of Nida’s “f unctional equivalence” theory is to make the translated text arouse the same effect on target readers as close as possible as the source text on its readers [6]. Dynamic equivalence (or functional equivalence) is an approach to translation in which the original language is translated “thought for thought” rather than “word for word” as in form equivalence. For Nida, in translation, the meaning is first, and form is second, namely the priority of functional equivalence over formal equivalence. The “function” of a language refers to the verbal role that a language can play in its use. Different languages must be different in grammar or expression habits, but they can have the same or similar functions to each other. So that the key to translation is the target text can produce the corresponding effect of the source text in the cultural background of the source language in the cultural background of the target language. Nida emphasizes that the key to translation is “equivalence,” “in formation,” “meaning,” and “style” [7].As mentioned earlier, “translation is a communicative activity,” the purpose of translation is to seek the “equivalence” of the source language and target language. The information conveyed by translation is not only superficial textual information but also deep cultural and social information. Nida expounds dynamic equivalence from four aspects: lexical equivalence, syntactic equivalence, textual equivalence and stylistic equivalence [8].(1) Lexical equivalence: The meaning of a word is decided by its use in the language. Find the corresponding meaning in the target language.(2) Syntactic equivalence: Translators must not only know whether the target language has such a structure, but also understand how often this structure is used.大连理工大学专业学位硕士论文(3) Discourse equivalence: In the discourse analysis, we can not only analyze the language itself but also how the language conveys the meaning and function in a specific context.(4) Stylistic equivalence: Translation works of different styles have their own unique language characteristics. Only when mastering both the source and target language characteristics and being proficient in using both languages, can translators create a translation work that truly reflects the source language style.Under the framework of functional equivalence theory, EST translation should follow the following principles [9]:(1) Faithfulness to the original author: in translation, we should pay special attention to the unity of the target text and the original text, and follow the principle of “faithfulness to the original author.” On the basis of this principle, the translator should give full play to the role of the original text, requiring the translator not only to understand the thinking mode of the source text but also to fully understand the communicative function of the source text to the source text.(2) Serving the target language receptors: take full account of the r eader’s understanding of the translation and use the most “natural” form of language translation. This “naturalness,” on the condition that the target language recipient’s understanding needs are satisfied, includes two meanings: the translation should be authentic, and the translation should be read in a natural way, so as to avoid translationese.(3) Fully considering the function of information: in the EST translation, the translator should fully consider the cultural background of the target language, and based on this background, fully consider the information function. If the target readers have strong professional knowledge of related fields, maximally retain the original style and words of science and technology in the text, English professional term will not affect their reading and understanding, the target language reader can completely rely on their professional skills to understand English paragraph means of science and technology. If the target language reader has the weak professional knowledge, the translator should strive to achieve the equivalence from words to sentences as far as possible so as not to affect the target language readers to further understand the meaning and improve their reading experiences.In translation practices, Nida believes that the most important equivalence is the semantic equivalence. For EST translation, the author believes that the translator must first grasp the style of EST, that is, the stylistic characteristics of EST must be clarified in the pre-translation preparation. Secondly, translators should adhere to the principle of lexical equivalence and semantic equivalence in translation, so that the content of the source texts has the same effect as the source texts.A Report on E-C Translation of Ecological EST under the Guidance of Functional Equivalence Theory2.3 The Application of Functional EquivalenceAs mentioned above, the core of functional equivalence is that the receptors’ response to the target text is the same as the original response to the source text. Given this, Nida defines translation as “reproducing the source messages in the target language from meanings to stylistic features with the closest natural equivalents[10]”. Guided by functional equivalence theory, the translator of this report tries to seek equivalence as far as possible from perspectives of lexicon, syntax and discourse.First of all, by applying the “functional equivalence theory,” the translator first takes the reader’s response to the text as the most important factor in translation practice from the perspective of the discourse. “Lexical equivalence” emphasizes the equivalence of meaning and part-of-speech in EST translation as well as the equivalence of communication functions by adding and deleting words; “syntactic equivalence” requires translators to get rid of constraints of forms and express the meaning of the source texts clearly and completely. The functional equivalence theory also takes into account the logical relationships between words and between sentences to flexibly change the part of speech. For scientific and technological styles, it is particularly necessary to pay attention to the structures such as passive voice, attributives, adverbials, etc. Based on the first two types of equivalence, translators are required to proceed from the whole passage, reasonably arrange sentence groups, and pay attention to the logical relationship between sentences. “Stylistic equivalence” is the top priority of all equivalence strategies. The writing style of a scientific article should not be similar to literary styles, such as a novel.Secondly, the four steps of translation emphasized in Nida’s theory also play a guiding role in translation practice. The analysis section allows the translator to determine the style and the linguistic features of the source texts before translating. The text analysis before translation facilitates the translator to achieve stylistic equivalence in translation, which is of great significance to the realization of functional equivalence in the EST translation. Transfer and restructuring require translators to flexibly apply various translation strategies in lexical and syntactic translation according to the four translation principles of equivalence and functional equivalence mentioned above, to achieve functional equivalence in translation. In the process of proofreading, the quality of the translated text should be determined according to the standards proposed by the functional equivalence theory, in addition to determining whether the translation achieves four equivalence.The functional equivalence theory points out a way for translators to EST translation, which has great guiding significance for translators’ translation practice.大连理工大学专业学位硕士论文Chapter 3 Translation Process3.1 Pre-Translation PreparationTranslation preparation is necessary for the translation project. For EST translation, according to the functional equivalence theory, the translation should achieve stylistic equivalence with the original text, which requires the translator to have a holistic grasp of the stylistic features of the original text. In this translation practice, the source text has many terms, and consistency of the terms is one of the important criteria to measure the quality of translation and is also one of the important tasks of proofreading. So, it is necessary to have preparation before translation. With careful preparation, the translation work will be effectively completed, and high-quality translation will be delivered in a timely manner. Therefore, after receiving this translation project, the author of this report first makes the following translation preparations.For the terminological consistency, the translator chooses to use computer-aided translation software (hereinafter referred to as CAT). The advantage of CAT is that the same content will not be translated twice, which saves the workload of terminological consistency. In this translation project, the translator uses SDL Trados Studio 2019. Its advantages are shown in the following aspects: translation memory (TM), matching, and termbase (MultiTerm). The memory function and matching function of Trados complement each other. The memory function refers to the automatic storage of the translation and the sorting, establishment and continuous updating of the memory base in the process of translation by Trados, and the matching function refers to the analysis of the source text and the target text with the help of Trados to accurately identify the corresponding sentences and paragraphs, and automatically pop up the matching sentence paragraph when similar sentence paragraphs appear in the following paragraphs. With the help of the memory and matching function of Trados, the source text can be better understood according to the existing translation, qualified translation can be produced, and the consistency of the same type of text can be maintained. MultiTerm can standardize all the professional terms. The translator only needs to establish one or more standard term lists containing the source language and the target language. By opening the corresponding term list in Trados, the system will automatically identify which terms have been defined in the text and give the standard translation, which effectively keeps the terminological consistency and accuracy [11].Because there are a large number of technical terms in “Blue Green Solutions,” the author of this report prepares some dictionaries. In addition to dictionaries, the author prepares relevant translation books, such as A Course in English-Chinese Translation, which is written by Zhang Peiji, Functional Translation Theory and ESP Translation Study written by Wang Miao. In addition, The translator has a preparation of parallel texts. In the EST translation, understandingis the premise. Only when the meaning is understood correctly can a concise and correct translation be produced. English of science and technology covers a wide range of disciplines, and it is difficult for translators to be familiar with or master all the professional terms in various fields. In the process of EST translation, the elaboration and determination of terms require time and effort, and mistranslations often occur due to a lack of professional knowledge and contextual knowledge. By introducing parallel text, the translator can get a general understanding of the common terms and expressions in this field, and turn the terms in the text into his own vocabulary reserve, so as to effectively and accurately solve the problem of term translation[12], so as to ensure accurate and appropriate semantic equivalence during the translation. In addition, Nida’s theory of stylistic equivalence requires that the target text should fulfill the same function of the source text, so as to satisfy the way of expression of the target text. By using parallel text, in addition to the accurate expression of vocabulary, it also contributes to the overall smoothness of the target text and the functional equivalence of the original text. In addition, parallel text can also effectively help translators expand their knowledge, improve their ability to identify various professional terms, and find subtle differences among different meanings with a rigorous attitude, so as to select appropriate translation strategies and convey the original meaning to readers accurately and smoothly. Therefore, the translator prepares relevant parallel texts.3.2 Analysis of the Source TextDifferent from the literary text, the EST text has its own characteristics and features. In order to describe the objective world accurately, the style of science and technology texts should be concise in the form, coherent in the semantic expression, and objective in the use of language.3.2.1 Lexical featuresThe lexical features of the source text include three main points:Terminology. The purpose of science and technology text is to deliver technical information or science facts. To achieve this point, the terminology is widely used in science and technology text to ensure the accuracy of the content. Blue Green Solutions is a technical report which gives a new method in urbanization and city reconstruction, in which numerous terminologies are used to demonstrate the theories proposed in the report. As the following table 1 shows, some terms are demonstrated. The rest of the terms and abbreviations refer to Appendix I.Tab. 3.1 Technical WordsST TTPhotovoltaics 光伏Topography 地形、地貌Adiabatic Cooling 隔热冷却Evapotranspiration 蒸散Semi-technical word. The semi-technical words in the science and technology texts are basically derived from common English vocabulary, which referenced in a professional, scientific and technological field. Most of this type of word polysemy, which has both non-technical and technical meanings [13].Example 1. This means that interventions such as tree pits and green roofs are better equipped to manage, for example, extreme rainfall events.Example 2. A key advantage is that being vegetation based, their construction and operation has a low carbon and materials footprint.In example 1., “green roofs” is not literally referred to as a roof with green color. It is a concept of “planting on rooftops, balconies, walls, the top of underground garages, overpasses, and other special spaces of buildings and structures that are not connected to the ground, nature, and soil [14].”In example 2., “footprints” refers to “The area of a biologically productive area that is needed to maintain the survival of a person, region, or country, or that can accommodate waste emitted by humans [15].”Abbreviation. Abbreviations are easy to write, identify and remember. In science and technology English, there are a large number of vocabulary abbreviations and abbreviations.Example 3. The Blue Green Dream (BGD) project built upon and expanded the SUDS and WSUD Historical development of Blue Green Solutions (BG-S) via SUDS and WSUD concept to produce a systematic, quantitative framework for utilizing the full range of ecosystem services that NBS provide, yielding Blue Green Solutions.3.2.2 Syntactic FeaturesThe syntactic features in the source text include the following two main points:Passive voice. According to statistics, one-third of the verbs in science and technology texts are used in passive forms. The science and technology texts focus on narrative and reasoning. The reader pays attention to the author’s point of view or the content of the invention, not the author himself. To emphasize and highlight the author’s point of view and inventions, more passive voices are used in EST texts than general English texts [16].Example 4. All interactions are therefore systematically mapped, modelled and quantified to enable the design team to make a decision using quantified performance indicators.。

网站新闻的语域变异及其翻译——以中国日报网英文新闻编译为例

Modern Linguistics 现代语言学, 2020, 8(2), 143-148Published Online April 2020 in Hans. /journal/mlhttps:///10.12677/ml.2020.82021Register Variation of Website Newsand Its Translation—A Case Study of Translating China Daily Website English NewsJiahui YuCanvard College of Beijing Technology and Business University, BeijingReceived: Feb. 23rd, 2020; accepted: Apr. 3rd, 2020; published: Apr. 10th, 2020AbstractCompared with news of other media, website news writing is more easily influenced by external factors such as the hyperlinks of internet, the big data and the page views etc. In addition, the ex-pression and sentence structure of website news are much more flexible, which can explain why language deviation occurs in website news. These creative language deviants in website news can provoke vivid and eye-catching effects. Halliday, the founder of the Systematic-functional Gram-mar, emphasizes that changes in context may cause the language deviation. This paper attempts to explore the relation between register variation and the three variables of register, namely field, tenor and mode. To better produce the effect of such register variation, the author attempts to provide some translation methods including the literal translation, free translation, and paraph-rasing etc. within the framework of register theory. This paper is expected to enrich studies on language deviation as well as website news writing.KeywordsRegister Theory, Register Variation, Eye-Catching Effect网站新闻的语域变异及其翻译——以中国日报网英文新闻编译为例于佳惠北京工商大学嘉华学院，北京收稿日期：2020年2月23日；录用日期：2020年4月3日；发布日期：2020年4月10日于佳惠摘要和其他新闻媒介相比，网站新闻易受超链接、大数据、浏览量等外部因素的影响。

中英语言文学类学术论文摘要语类及语言特点对比分析--一项基于自建语料库的研究

中英语言文学类学术论文摘要语类及语言特点对比分析--一项基于自建语料库的研究范春香【摘要】The development of the computer technology leads the language research into a new age. In this research we take advantage of the corpus-driven approach to illustrate the differences and similarities in the generic structural potential (GSP) and the language features of Chinese and English article abstracts by building our own corpora of article abstracts and using AntConc. Results show that both the GSP and the language features have their own Chinese and English characteristics. This research makes the Chinese writers know how to write an article abstract and lays a ground for them who will publish their works in the high-quality magazines and even in the foreign ones.% 计算机技术的发展使语言研究进入了崭新的阶段。

本研究采用语料库驱动的研究方法，通过自建语料库，同时应用AntConc检索软件对语料进行统计分析，总结归纳出中英文论文语类结构潜势及语言特点的异同。

功能语言学分析对翻译研究的启示清明英译文的经验功能分析

功能语言学分析对翻译研究的启示清明英译文的经验功能分析一、本文概述翻译研究作为语言学的重要分支，一直致力于探索源语言与目标语言之间的转换规律与策略。

在这一过程中，功能语言学的理论框架为翻译实践提供了有力的分析工具。

本文旨在探讨功能语言学分析对翻译研究的启示，并以清明英译文为具体案例，展示经验功能分析在翻译实践中的应用。

本文将对功能语言学的基本理论进行概述，包括其发展历程、核心概念和主要理论框架。

在此基础上，分析功能语言学如何为翻译研究提供新的视角和方法。

接着，本文将详细阐述经验功能分析在翻译研究中的应用，包括词汇选择、句式结构、篇章布局等方面的分析。

以清明英译文为例，本文将对其进行经验功能分析，揭示译者在翻译过程中如何处理原文的功能意义，实现译文的交际目的。

通过对清明英译文的深入剖析，本文旨在展示经验功能分析在翻译实践中的具体操作步骤和方法，以及其对提高译文质量的积极作用。

本文将对功能语言学分析在翻译研究中的价值和意义进行总结，并指出未来研究方向。

通过本文的探讨，希望能够为翻译研究提供新的思路和方法，推动翻译实践的不断发展和完善。

二、功能语言学的理论框架功能语言学，作为一种语言学理论，强调了语言在实际社会交流中的功能性和应用性。

它主张语言不仅仅是表达意义的工具，更是社会行为和社会结构的反映。

功能语言学的核心理论包括系统功能语法和语篇分析。

系统功能语法主要关注的是语言在社会交流中的三大元功能：概念功能、人际功能和篇章功能。

概念功能指的是语言对人们在现实世界中的经验和认知的反映；人际功能关注的是语言如何表达说话者的身份、地位、态度以及他与听话者之间的关系；而篇章功能则强调语言如何组织信息，使之成为连贯的、有逻辑的语篇。

而语篇分析则进一步强调了语言在构建和解读社会现象中的作用。

它通过分析语言的实际使用，揭示了语言如何被用来实现特定的社会功能，如信息传递、人际互动、社会控制等。

对于翻译研究来说，功能语言学的理论框架提供了一种全新的视角。

《翻译》课程教学参考书目

“翻译”课程教学参考书目一、翻译教材（按作者姓名汉语拼音排序）陈宏薇，1996，《新实用汉译英教程》。

武汉：湖北教育出版社。

陈宏薇，1998，《汉英翻译基础》。

上海：上海外语教育出版社。

陈茂松，1996，《新编英汉翻译教程》。

北京：旅游教育出版社。

陈廷佑，1994，《英语汉译技巧：跟我学翻译》。

北京：华龄出版社。

范仲英，1994，《实用翻译教程》。

北京：外语教学与研究出版社。

冯庆华，2002，《实用翻译教程（英汉互译）》（增订本）。

上海：上海外语教育出版社。

古今明，1997，《英汉翻译基础》。

上海：上海外语教育出版社。

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靳梅琳，1995，《英汉翻译概要》。

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居祖纯，1998，《汉英语篇翻译》。

北京：清华大学出版社。

居祖纯，2000，《高级汉英语篇翻译》。

北京：清华大学出版社。

居祖纯，2002，《新编汉英语篇翻译强化训练》。

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石家庄：河北教育出版社。

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北京：外语教学与研究出版社。

孙万彪、王恩铭，2000，《高级翻译教程》。

上海：上海外语教育出版社。

孙致礼，2003，《新编英汉翻译教程》。

名词化结构在科技英语中的运用及其翻译

名词化结构在科技英语中的运用及其翻译摘要名词化结构是科技英语的主要文体特点之一。

本文分析了科技英语名词化结构的特点、原因以及构成 ,并讨论了不同构成的翻译方法。

关键词:科技英语名词化结构行为名词AbstractNominalization is one of the most important stylistic features of EST. This paper mainly analyses the characteristic, cause and formation of the nominalization of EST, and also presents different ways of translation. Key words: EST nominalization action nounR•夸克等编著的《当代英语语法》( A Grammar of Contemporary English) 在论述科技英语中复杂的语法现象时 ,提到了科技英语的两个最显著特点 : 广泛使用名词化结构和大量使用被动语态。

大量名词化结构的使用是科技英语语篇词汇语法层最典型的特点之一。

名词化结构同时又体现了英汉两种语言和思维方面的差异。

这种差异成为英汉翻译不可忽视的问题。

现从英语名词化结构的主要特点入手, 分析这类词语在汉译时的困难, 提出了归化处理的翻译策略。

一、名词化结构的主要特点英语名词化结构的大量使用减少了英语篇中功能词的使用, 有利于突出英语语篇的主题信息。

从系统功能语法的交际功能角度讲, 名词化结构体现的是事实或过程作为参与者, 避免或减少了施动者人的参与。

这是因为科技英语语篇的主要用途是科技工作者以书面语言形式给读者提供和交流信息, 语篇内容往往是新的科研成果, 科研方法或实验操作过程。

为了使得提供信息易被受话人理解,保证所提供信息的客观和真实性, 科技工作者作为发话人往往不出现在信息交流中, 而是以事实或过程作为参与者。

科技英语的文体特征及翻译策略——以石油英语翻译为例

- 236-校园英语 / 翻译探究科技英语的文体特征及翻译策略——以石油英语翻译为例中国石油大学文学院/杨晓【摘要】随着现代科学技术的发展，科技英语已成为一种重要的英语文体，而阅读和翻译科技英文文献也成为科研上作者一项基本素质。

石油科技英语具有“客观性”、“规范性”、“科学性”和“现实性”等一般科技语篇特征。

本文以笔者的翻译实践为例，辅以其它译例，拟就石油科技英语的文体特征,从词汇、词法、句法、修辞四个方面对比科技文体的英汉翻译并对科技英语的翻译策略进行探析。

【关键词】科技英语文体特征翻译策略科技文体是自然科学和技术人员从事专业活动时使用的一种文体。

科学著作、学术论文、实验报告、产品说明书都属于科技文体。

科技文体不以语言的艺术美为追求目标，而是讲究逻辑的条例清楚和叙事的准确严密。

粗略来说，科技文体可以分成正式科技文体和科普文体。

翻译原文:①Hydrocarbon exploration (or oil and gas exploration) is the search by petroleum geologists and geophysicists for hydrocarbon deposits beneath the Earth's surface, such as oil and natural gas. ②Oil and gas exploration are grouped under the science of petroleum geology.③Visible surface features such as oil seeps, natural gas seeps, pockmarks (underwater craters caused by escaping gas) provide basic evidence of hydrocarbon generation (be it shallow or deep in the Earth). ④However, most exploration depends on highly sophisticated technology to detect and determine the extent of these deposits using exploration geophysics.⑤ Areas thought to contain hydrocarbons are initially subjected to a gravity survey, magnetic survey, passive seismic or regional seismic reﬂection surveys to detect large-scale features of the sub-surface geology.⑥ Features of interest (known as leads) are subjected to more detailed seismic surveys which work on the principle of the time it takes for reflected sound waves to travel through matter (rock) of varying densities and using the process of depth conversion to create a proﬁle of the substructure. ⑦Finally, when a prospect has been identified and evaluated and passes the oil company's selection criteria, an exploration well is drilled in an attempt to conclusively determine the presence or absence of oil or gas.译文:①油气勘探(或石油和天然气勘探)是指石油地质学家和地球物理学家寻找地下的油气藏，如石油和天然气。

走向思维品质提升——小学英语语篇教学新探索

教学篇•经验交流走向思维品质提升———小学英语语篇教学新探索邵青芳（浙江省诸暨市荣怀小学，浙江诸暨）处于小学阶段的学生学习动机是兴趣，教师在教学中可以此入手，让他们对英语学习产生欲望。

教师在英语教学中采取语篇教学，让学生自由对话，在对话中提升思维品质，这也是语篇教学的重要目标之一，本文对语篇教学中如何提升学生的思维品质进行研究，以此全面提升他们的核心素养。

一、有效提问，提升逻辑思维能力教师可设计“问题链”，实现专业的教学目标，激活他们已有的知识，发现他们在学习中存在的问题，让他们根据学习主题，将知识点结合起来，形成相互独立、有中心、有序的问题链[1]。

教师在小学语篇教学中，可根据教学内容，设计一系列的问题，开展分析、理解等思维活动，让学生的逻辑思维能力得以提升。

以人教版六年级上Unit1How tall are you？中的Read and write为例，这篇课文讲述Wu Yifan和他的家人去郊外旅游的故事，教师在语篇教学时，可向学生提出以下的问题：“What is the story talking about？”“Who is younger？”“When is the duck’s shadow longer？”这三个问题与课文的内容有密切的联系，问题层层相扣，逻辑清晰，能够让学生由浅入深地理解文章的故事，提问中学生的思维会处于活跃的状态，他们会积极地思考教师的问题，如此能够培养他们思维的逻辑性。

二、引导猜测，提升推理能力在小学英语课本中，一些标题能够体现文章的中心思想和主旨，犹如文章的“窗口”。

教师在阅读教学前，可让学生从标题入手，对标题进行观察和分析，以此预测文章的内容[2]。

在阅读文章时，他们能够将自身的预测与课文的思想感情相联系、比较，如此不仅能够让学生更深入地了解课本的内容，还能培养他们推理、分析的能力。

以人教版五年级下Unit2My favourite season中的Read and write为例，教师在呈现语篇内容前，可让学生观察本单元题目，由此，他们可推断本篇文章包含的选项包括：（1）spring（2）summer （3）autumn（4）winter，还包含在每个季节可以做的事。

汉英翻译中的重复问题探究

汉英翻译中的重复问题探究付迎雪【摘要】Repetition was an important means of cohesion in Chinese which possesses plenty of reduplication words .This feature of Chi-nese is closely connected with the phonetic characteristics of the Chinese language and thinking patterns of the Chinese people .In con-trast, substitution serves as the main vehicle for cohesion in English and repetition is on the whole utilized for the purposes of empha -sis, clarity and rhetoric.Apart from"explicit repetitions", there are abundant implicit repetitions in Chinese .If this distinction is neg-lected, redundancy will appear in C-E translation, especially when the deep meaning of the Chinese source text is not considered thor-oughly, reducing readability of the translation .This article explores the differences and causes in the employment of repetition in Eng -lish and Chinese and suggests possible ways to deal with this difference in C -E translation.%重复在汉语中是一种重要的语篇衔接手段，除此之外汉语还有着丰富的叠词。

《科技英语翻译》课程思政融入点思考与实践

《科技英语翻译》课程思政融入点思考与实践*王利梅（上海工程技术大学外国语学院上海201620）摘要：立德树人成效是检验高等院校一切工作的根本标准，一流本科课程建设离不开课程思政的有效融入。

本文从知识传授、能力培养、价值引领三位一体的概念出发，探析思政融入点的系统化，并以探索实践案例说明如何有效实施，使之与科技英语翻译教学活动有机自然融合。

关键词：科技英语翻译；课程思政；小组探究学习法中图分类号：G642文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-1578（2021)06-0006-021引言在当前复杂的国际政治经济形势下，高等院校承担着培养合格的中国特色社会主义建设者的重要任务，如何培养青年学生对祖国优秀文化的自信与热爱，对国家治理的价值认同，对中华民族和伟大祖国的情感归属，实现教育的最终目标，是每一位高校教师应思考并付诸教学实践的崇高使命。

如何充分挖掘《科技英语翻译》课程的思想政治教育资源，上海工程技术大学“科技英语翻译”教学团队展开了积极的探索实践，提出实施了“小组探究学习法”。

实践表明，组建探究小组，调动学生自身的主动性和积极性来深挖、呈现课程思政资源，不但可润物无声地实现自然丰富的思政教育，还可有效提高学生对于课程专业翻译技能的理解和掌握程度。

2《科技英语翻译》课程思政资源之发掘整合“亲其师”方可“信其道”，教师队伍是课程思政的主力军，要有效实施课程思政，首先需要提升教师对于课程思政的认知与理解，提升教师的思政意识和育人能力，找到课程思政润物无声的源头活水。

因此，挖掘课程思政资源之前，教学团队首先深入学习了党中央、教育部关于高校课程思政教育建设的文件和指导精神，明确了科技英语翻译课程思政资源选取的指导原则与教育目标。

习近平总书记在2016年12月全国高校思想政治工作会议上强调，“高校思想政治工作关系高校培养什么样的人、如何培养人以及为谁培养人这个根本问题。

要坚持把立德树人作为中心环节，把思想政治工作贯穿教育教学全过程，实现全程育人、全方位育人，努力开创我国高等教育事业新局面[1]。

英语翻译论文题目

英语翻译论文题目英语翻译论文题目写英语翻译的论文需要写哪些内容呢?选什么样的题目合适?下面是应届毕业生小编为大家收集的关于英语翻译论文题目，欢迎大家阅读!1、谈英语谚语的翻译2、谈英语幽默的翻译3、英语汉译技巧初探4、地方名胜古迹汉译英5、翻译中常见错误分析6、中英思维方式的差异对翻译的影响7、会话含义的推导与翻译8、词汇的文化内涵与翻译9、语境在翻译中的作用10、翻译技巧探索11、商标词翻译12、广告语言的翻译13、论英汉互译中的语义等值问题14、英汉文化差异对翻译的影响15、英汉谚语的理解和翻译16、浅谈颜色词在英语中的翻译17、中西文化差异与翻译障碍18、英语比喻性词语中文化内涵及翻译19、英语意义否定表现法及其汉译20、浅谈新闻标题的翻译21、互文性理论下的电影片名翻译22、从唐诗《春望》英译比较看译者主体性23、功能对等理论在英文电影字幕翻译中的应用-以《肖申克的救赎》为个案24、语篇翻译中的衔接与连贯25、从关联理论视角看汉语习语的英译26、从目的论角度看新闻标题英汉翻译27、目的论关照下的汉语标语翻译28、影视翻译的特点及技巧-阿甘正传个案研究29、The Characteristics of Athletic English and Its Translation 体育英语的特点及翻译30、Chinese Reduplicated Words and their Translation into English 汉语叠词及其英译31、Non-Correspondence in English-Chinese Translation of Color Words中英文翻译中颜色词的非对应32、On the Cultural Signification of Animal Idioms and Translation 动物俚语文化含义与翻译33、Foreignizing and Domesticating Translations in Cross-cultural Vision跨文化视野中的异化和归化翻译34、The Loss of Affective Meaning in Trans lation ―from the Perspective of Cultural Differences 从文化差异的角度看翻译中情感意义的丢失35、On the Explicitness and Implicitness of Conjunctions in English-Chinese Translation Process 论连词再英汉翻译中的显性和隐性存在36、Approaching Domestication and Foreignization in Translation from a Functional Perspective 从功能翻译角度看归化与异化37、Conversion of Part of Speech in English-Chinese Translation 英译汉中词类的转换38、The Transfer of Culture Image and of English and Chinese Idioms in Translating 论英汉习语翻译中的文化意象的转化VI 旅游英语方向的选题39、科技汉英翻译中的.修辞现象述评 ( An Overview of Rhetoricin Scientific English Translation )40、科技英汉翻译中的虚实互化现象微探( Research on the Change from Abstractness to Concreteness in Scientific Translation )41、翻译方法个案研究?如?“从海明威的短篇小说《一个干净、明亮的地方》看简洁句的翻译”?42、两个译本比较研究 ?或某个译本翻译评论?43、某个著名翻译家翻译方法或翻译风格研究44、英汉习语翻译方法研究45、广告翻译策略研究46、Culture Differences and Translation of English &Chinese Idioms47、浅析应用文体之翻译48、烹饪英语翻译探微49、科技英语翻译方法例析50、中式菜谱的英译51、汉语颜色词的英译52、福克勒小说的英译53、英语俚语的汉译54、论英语委婉语的差异和翻译对策55、实用文体翻译中的语言、文化透视?结合语言学、跨文化交际等相关内容分析影响实用文体翻译的因素?56、关于对外交流翻译中不足的反思?如?电影名的误译?旅游翻译的误译及其他。

级MTI翻译实践报告专业领域中英翻译策略初探

级MTI翻译实践报告专业领域中英翻译策略初探一、本文概述本文旨在探讨专业领域中英翻译的策略与实践，以MTI（翻译硕士）翻译实践为基础，结合具体案例，分析翻译过程中遇到的问题及采取的应对策略。

本文将深入探讨专业领域的语言特点、翻译难点和相应的翻译方法，旨在为提高专业领域中英翻译的质量提供一些有益的建议。

本文将简要介绍MTI翻译实践的重要性及其在专业领域中的应用。

接着，通过对专业领域中英翻译的现状进行分析，指出当前翻译实践中存在的问题和不足。

在此基础上，本文将重点探讨中英翻译策略，包括词汇选择、句式调整、文化因素的处理等方面。

通过具体案例分析，展示如何运用这些策略来解决翻译过程中的实际问题。

本文将对MTI翻译实践在专业领域中的应用进行总结，并展望未来的发展趋势。

通过本文的研究，希望能为从事专业领域中英翻译的译者提供一些有益的启示和参考，推动专业领域翻译实践的不断发展。

二、翻译实践报告概述本翻译实践报告的核心目的是探索专业领域中英翻译的策略和技巧。

在这个过程中，我选择了特定的专业领域文本作为翻译实践的对象，以期能够深入了解该领域的语言特点、术语用法和专业背景。

翻译实践报告的主要内容包括对原文的详细分析、翻译过程中的难点和挑战、以及所采用的翻译策略和方法。

在翻译实践过程中，我遇到了许多挑战，如专业术语的准确翻译、句子结构的调整、以及文化背景的传达等。

针对这些问题，我采用了多种翻译策略，如直译、意译、增译和减译等，力求在保持原文信息的基础上，使译文更加流畅、自然。

通过本次翻译实践，我深刻认识到专业领域中英翻译的重要性和复杂性。

翻译不仅仅是语言的转换，更是文化的交流和思想的传递。

在未来的翻译实践中，我将继续探索更加有效的翻译策略和方法，以提高翻译质量和效率。

我也希望本次翻译实践报告能够为其他从事专业领域中英翻译的研究者和实践者提供一定的参考和借鉴。

三、专业领域的翻译特点与难点在专业领域的翻译实践中，尤其是在MTI（翻译硕士）的框架下，翻译的特点与难点表现得尤为突出。

功能翻译理论视角下的中药说明书英译初探

2492020年40期总第532期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS功能翻译理论视角下的中药说明书英译初探文/全雪娇贾芳姚文娟董宁一定的联系，至于保持什么样的联系则需要根据翻译工作的目的以及中药说明书英译的目标来决定；第三，中药说明书的英译工作在实际翻译过程中一定要能够高效化解客观存在的文化以及语言障碍，要让英译工作的对象能够读通顺、读明白。

二、关于中药说明书的语篇特点分析中药说明书作为一种实用文体，应该划入科技文体行列。

中药说明书既包含科技文体的特点，同时又有着独特的语篇要求。

近些年，伴随着我国中药的传承与发展，中药的国际市场越来越广阔，因此对中药说明书的翻译工作提出了更严格的要求。

中药说明书有着自身的独特性，因为其带有非常显著的中医文化色彩，所以翻译人员在进行翻译的过程中首先需要揣摩清楚中药说明书里面的每一句所表达的意思，要确保从中文层面精准理解中药说明书的内容，进而再去寻找与中文相对应的英文词汇。

这对于翻译人员来说是一个不小的难题，很多翻译人员都表示自己因为欠缺对中医药的学习和理解，所以在翻译中药说明书的内容时总会遇到非常多的困难。

关于中药说明书的基本特点，笔者将其总结为以下几个方面：首先，中药说明书不同于其他说明书，其内容会追求简洁和精确，意在通过简洁的表法和准确的信息来对阅读者的行为进行正确指导。

其次，中药说明书本质上是一种工具，它传达的是我国独有的中医文化以及人体生理病理诊断和治疗等方面的知识和导向。

最后，中药说明书面向的社会大众，是众多普普通通的老百姓，绝大部分阅读中药说明书的人并没有学过医药知识，更没有接受过医药知识的专业培训，因此，我们会发现中药说明书里面的内容所使用到的语言是非常简单而且读起来通俗易懂的。

三、中药说明书英译的主要内容分析中药说明书英译的主要内容包括三个方面，分别是中药名称的翻译、结构词的翻译以及功效语的翻译。

众所周知，中药不仅仅是我国医学领域的宝贵财富，也是世界医学领域的神奇创举。

中文标语口号英译探析

即“ Ｌｅａｄｉｎｇ（ｅｎｔｅｒｐｉｒｓｅｓ）：Ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｔｈｅｉｎｄｕｓ【ｒｉａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｇｒｉｃｕｌ —
ｔｕｒｅａｎｄｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｌｅａｄｉｎｇａｇｒｉｈｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｅ． ” 。
交际语气等翻译策略。关键词：标语口号莫译
１．引言
狗情有独钟．将狗视为宠物之首，同样的内容英语表述为 “ Ｂｅ
ｗａｒｅｏｆＤｏｇｓ ”。
策略
中英文表示有关 “ 禁止 ……” 、 “ 请勿……” 等标语口号的语气不同。汉语采用命令式、祈使句。然而存英语国家得体性往往产生于间接、含蓄，过于直露的、强加性的禁止用语不是很受欢迎。如汉语中的 “ 游人止步 ” ，英文采用 “ Ｃｌｏｓｅｄｔｏｖｉｓｉ —
ＬＯＮＤＯＮ” 。这一口号凝练简约，头韵奇妙。中英文标语口号句式上最显著的差别在于 “ 英语大量使
３．标语口号的翻译策略３．１明确语用意义，避免文化差异。由于中英文化的不同，中国文化的独特的东西，对海外受众而言，往往觉得陌生。翻译这种标语口号时要避免文化差异．应正确翻译其语用意义。龙是中国人心目中最神圣的动物。如，龙的传人、龙子龙孙等。在汉语巾， “ 龙” 总是用于褒义。西方人则认为ｄｒａｇｏｎ（龙）是邪恶的，是凶残的古怪野兽，是恶的象征。在翻译 “ 支持农业产业化经营和龙头企业发展 ” 中的 “ 龙头（企业） ” 时，可舍弃“ 龙头” 的形象，只保英译探析

科技语篇英译新探

科技语篇英译新探1 The Development of Artificial IntelligenceIn the face of the rapid development of science and technology today, artificial intelligence, as a key area of science and technology, has made great strides in its development. With the continuous innovation and breakthrough of human-oriented scientific research, gradually, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an inseparable part of the daily life of mankind.As the core and core technology of robots, artificial intelligence based on the biological intelligence theory of human brain and formed from the development of neural network technology, can include expert systems, natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, machine learning and other areas of research. It is a powerful technological support for the development of various scientific fields.2 AI- Powered Facial RecognitionAI-powered facial recognition, as one of the important applications of artificial intelligence, has been widely used to identify and verify human identity in various fields. To some extent, it subverts traditional methods such as manualidentity verification and brings a more secure and convenient user experience.Biometric technologies, such as face recognition, serve as the verification method to ide ntify a person’s identity. AI-powered facial recognition technology, with its accuracy, flexibility, reliability and convenience, can be used in many scenes. It is becoming a popular technology for its practical applications in finance, retail, and law enforcement domains. Currently, facial recognition technology is also widely used in hospitals, communities, factories, schools, and other industries and fields.3 Benefits of AIThe development of artificial intelligence has revolutionized many aspects of life and has made the world a better place. AI-driven approaches have enhanced efficiencyin different fields by helping to automate tedious tasks and reduce manual labor costs.In addition, due to the implementation of graphical interface, AI system is becoming more and more intelligent. For example, robots are increasingly used in manufacturing, a development that can facilitate the production process. AI can also facilitate the operation of heavy machinery, therebyhelping more people to complete more tasks faster than ever before.By introducing AI technology, many novel solutions can be found to solve various problems and improve overall efficiency. AI is being developed to enhance the security of information, build intelligent transportation systems and even identify diseases during medical exams. All in all, AI-enabled technologies are revolutionizing the way people live.。

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两种语言的科技文体特征，又要遵循翻译理论原则或标准，妙运用各种不同的英译技巧，巧以使译文符合专业要求。
关键词：技语篇；体特征；译科文翻中图分类号：１．Ｈ３５９文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：６１９４（０１０ —０３０１７ — ２７２１）３０３ — ３
ＯｎｔｅＴａｓａｉｎｆｔｅＤｉｃｕｓｆＣｈｎｓｈｒｎｌｔｏｏｈｓｏｒｅｏｉｅｅ
ｆｒＳｉｎｅａｄＴｃｎｌｇｎｏＥｎｌｈｏｃｅｃｎｅｈｏｏｙｉｔｇｉｓ
ＡｂｔａｔＩｒｎｌｔｇｔｅｄｓｏｒｅｏｈｎｓｏｉｎｅａｄＴｃｎｌｇ（Ｔ）ｉｔｇｉｈｃｏｄｎＯｔｅｌ — ｓｒｃ：ｎｔａｓａｉｈｉｕｓｆＣｉｅｅｆｒＳｅｃｎｅｈｏｏｙＣＳｎｃｃｎｏＥｎｌ，ａｃｒｉｇｔｈｉｓｎｇｉｔｎｕｔｒｌｅｔｒｓｆｏｈＣｈｎｓｎｎｌｈａｄｔｅｒｄｆｅｅｃｓｕｓｉａｄｃｌａａｕｅｔｉｅｅａｄＥｇｉｎｈｉｉｒｎｅ，ｗｅｓｏｌｏｎｙｃｎｉｅｅｓｙｉｔｅ — ｃｕｆｏｂｓｆｈｕｄｎｔｏｌｏｓｒｔｔｌｉｌａｄｈｓｃ
第２卷第３８期
２０１１年５月
安徽工业大学学报（会科学版）社
ＪｕｎｌｏｈｉｉｅｓｔｆＴｃｎｌｇＳｃａｃｎｅ）ｏｒａｆＡｎｕＵｎｖｒｉｏｅｈｏｏｙ（ｏｉｌｉｃｓｙＳｅ
ＺＨＵｎｚｅ・ＺＹｕ－ｈｎＨＡＮｃｎ￣Ｇｏｇ
（ｐｒｍｅｔｏｒｉｎＬｎｕｇ，ＸｉｍｅｉｅｓｔＤｅａｔｎｆＦｏｅｇａｇａｅａｎＵｎｖｒｉｙ
ｏｅｈｏｏｙ，Ｘｉｍｅｌｇａｎ３１２ｊａｈｎ）
ｔｒｓｏＳａｄＥＴ，ｂｔｌｏｆｌｗｈｒｎｉｌｓｏｔｎａｄｆｒｎｌｔｎｔｅｒｎｋｏｄｕｅｏｈａｓａｉｎｕｅｆＣＴｎＳｕｓｌｔｅｐｉｃｐｅｒｓａｄｒｓｏａｓａｉｈｏｙａｍａｅｇｏｓｆｅｔｎｌｔａｏｏｔｏｄｔｒｏｔｃｎｑｅｒｍｈｎｓｔｎｌｈｅｈｉｕｓｆｏＣｉｅｅｉｏＥｇｉ．ｎｓ
Ｖ０．８，Ｎｏ３１２．
Ｍａ，２０１ｙ１
科技语篇英译新探
朱云贞，张聪义
（门理工学院外语系，厦福建厦门３１２）６０４
摘要：科技语篇英译中，根据汉、的语言文化特点与差异，科技题材的文体特征出发，要考虑汉、在应英从既英
Ｋｅｒｓ：ｙｗｏｄＣＳＴｉｃｒｅ；ｓｙｌｔｃｆａｔｅｓ；ｔａｓａｉｎｄｓｏｕｓｔｉｉｅｕｒｓｒｎｌｔｏ
经济和科技的迅速发展迫切需要科技翻译，若倘在发展中失去了语言沟通之间的桥梁— — 翻译，多众的科技成就哪能如此迅速地成为造福全人类的巨大生产力？Ｌ回顾２世纪的科技发展历程，１Ｏ人类在科学理论上发现了“ 子论和相对论 ” 在科学理论模型上建立量，了“ 基本粒子夸克模型、Ｎ双螺旋结构模型、宙大ＤＡ宇爆炸学说、算机模型和地球板块模型” 在尖端技术计，上发展了“ 核技术、天技术、算机技术、因技术和航计基激光技术” 。这些进步与发展表明，技的竞争已成为科国家间综合实力竞争的决定性因素。２世纪的科技发１展涵盖了信息技术、命科学与生物技术、源技术和生能纳米技术等关键领域，种科技竞争趋势将会更加明这显ｏ２以预见，们未来相当长一段时间内的翻译主［可２我角仍将是科技翻译。２Ｏ世纪７Ｏ年代以来，际上对科国技翻译给予了高度重视，多学者逐渐转移译事重心，许开始对其精心探研。科技汉英互译可以说是一门 “ 边缘学科 ”介于理工类各专业与英语专业之间，，因而要求其研究人员既要有较高的英语水平，要有较深的又专业修养。科技翻译主要是研究自然界各种物质和现象及其利用与改造中积累下来的经验和知识。］难［不３想象，事科技翻译时，者除了要有较高的语言文字从译水平以及较丰富的文化、专业知识外，必须了解科技还汉、的文体特征、循翻译的普通原则并掌握包括词英遵句和语篇在内的必要翻译技巧，为并非译好每一词因句就等于译好一篇文章。一篇文章往往并不只是单词与句子的堆砌，它有自身的结构、点与风格，特除掌握词与句子的翻译方法与技巧，尚应了解与掌握语篇的翻译规律。科技语篇与文学语篇截然不同，具有自它