中英请柬对比研究

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中英征婚广告语篇的对比研究——态度资源视角的开题报告

中英征婚广告语篇的对比研究——态度资源视角的开题报告一、研究背景随着现代人对婚姻观念的不断更新，婚恋市场的需求也发生了巨大的变化。

为了能够快速找到理想的对象，越来越多的人开始选择通过征婚广告来发现可能的候选人。

而在这些征婚广告中，英语和中文征婚广告的形式、内容却存在着不大相同的表述方式，值得深入研究。

二、研究目的本文旨在探究中英征婚广告中代表态度和资源的语言表述方式的异同，以及这种差异对于征婚广告达到其目标的影响，从而为后续的跨文化交流提供参考。

三、研究内容本文将主要从以下三点分析比较中英征婚广告：1. 征婚广告中代表态度的表达方式的异同。

考虑到征婚广告的成功率受到广告者的态度和个性等因素的影响，本文将关注征婚广告中表达观念、情感和态度的语言表述方式的差异。

2. 征婚广告中代表资源的表达方式的异同。

征婚广告也是一种产品推广，除了表达自身的优点之外，也需要对候选人的素质、条件等进行评估，因此本文将分析征婚广告中代表资源的语言表述方式的差异，探究两种语言中所关注的重点是否有所不同。

3. 语言差异与征婚广告成功率的关联性研究。

本文还将探究语言表述差异对于征婚广告成功率的影响，以便了解在不同文化环境下，对于中外人士来说，什么样的征婚广告更容易被接受和吸引，从而有助于提高征婚广告的成功率。

四、研究方法本文将采用对比研究的方法，采用文本分析和问卷调查相结合的方式进行研究。

从中文和英文征婚广告的句式、词汇、语气、表述方式等方面进行语言对比分析；随后，本文将结合问卷调查，了解不同文化背景下人们对于征婚广告的理解和接受程度，分析语言表述差异对于征婚广告成功率的影响。

五、预期成果通过本文的研究，可以获得对中英征婚广告中态度和资源表述方式的共性和差异有更加深入的认识；探讨语言差异对于征婚广告成功率的影响，有助于征婚广告的跨文化推广和应用，并为广告设计提供参考。

东西方邀请语文化差异共18页

The differences between Western invitation and Eastern
invitation
中国人邀请客人会准备一大桌子的菜, 并在就餐过程中使劲劝说客人多吃点, 吃完之后, 还有剩菜,就表明主人的盛情款待.
China invited guests will prepare a table of food and dining and hard to persuade the guests to eat more, and after eating, there are leftovers, it means that the owner's hospitality
你愿意和我一起去动物园吗？
2. I hope you can...我希望你能……。如： I hope you can go to the cinema with us.
3. I'd / We'd like like to invite you to go shopping with us. 我们想邀请你和我们一起去买东西。
西方人一不劝吃,二就餐完毕后,盘子最好是空的
Westerners one is not advised to eat two meals after the dish is best to empty.
在中国,为了表示热情好客,人们往往会请人在自己家里吃饭,要是在外就餐时, 主人也会抢着为客人买单
如果接到酒会（cocktail party）或者茶会（tea party）等社交活动的请柬，人们一般能在请柬上找到具体的时间安排，如 “下午5时至7时”。这样的情况下，受邀人可以在5至7时之间的任何时刻赶赴酒会或茶会，当然不要在酒会临近结束时才匆匆赶去。至于离开时间，客人没必要7时准时告辞，稍许呆得长一些一般无伤大雅。在过到了7时30分，客人应该考虑起身回家了。

中英婚礼差异英文作文

中英婚礼差异英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!In Chinese weddings, there is often a big celebration with many relatives and friends. The bride usually wears a traditional red dress. There are various customs and rituals, like tea ceremonies.In British weddings, the bride may wear a white wedding dress. The ceremony is often held in a church and is more solemn and romantic. There is usually a wedding cake and a lot of dancing.In China, the wedding banquet is a very important part, with lots of delicious food. And the newlyweds will go around toasting to the guests.In Britain, after the wedding, there might be a reception with speeches and toasts. The music and atmosphere are different from Chinese weddings. 。

中西婚礼文化比较英文作文

中西婚礼文化比较英文作文Comparison of Chinese and Western Wedding Cultures。

Wedding is an important event in people's lives, and it is also a reflection of cultural differences. Chinese and Western wedding cultures have their own unique characteristics. In this essay, I will compare and contrast the wedding customs of China and the West.Firstly, the engagement process is different in China and the West. In China, the groom's family will send a betrothal gift to the bride's family to show their sincerity. The betrothal gift includes jewelry, money and other valuable items. In contrast, the Western engagement usually involves a proposal, where the groom-to-be will surprise his girlfriend with a ring and a romantic proposal.Secondly, the wedding ceremony itself is different in China and the West. In China, the wedding ceremony isusually held in the bride's hometown. The bride will wear atraditional red dress, and the groom will wear a black suit. During the ceremony, the couple will bow to their parents and exchange rings. In Western countries, the wedding ceremony is often held in a church or a special venue. The bride will wear a white dress, and the groom will wear a tuxedo. The ceremony usually involves exchanging vows and rings.Thirdly, the reception is also different in China and the West. In China, the reception is often a banquet, where the newlyweds will toast to their guests. The guests will also give red envelopes with money as a gift to the couple. In Western countries, the reception is usually a party, where the guests will dance and celebrate with the newlyweds. The couple will also cut a cake and have a first dance.In addition, there are also differences in the wedding traditions. In China, the bride will have a hair combing ceremony before the wedding, where her mother or grandmother will comb her hair and give her advice on marriage. In Western countries, the bride will have abridal shower, where her friends will give her gifts and play games. Another difference is that in China, the bride and groom will often take wedding photos before the wedding day, while in Western countries, the photos are usually taken on the wedding day.In conclusion, Chinese and Western wedding cultures have their own unique characteristics. The engagement process, wedding ceremony, reception, and traditions areall different. However, both cultures share the same belief in love and commitment between two people. The wedding is a celebration of the couple's love and the start of a newlife together.。

涉外邀请函和请柬的翻译

正文时间地点标点说明或附注
中英文请柬的差异
1）两者的结构要素的表述位置不尽相同汉语请柬中的来宾称呼与结尾套语在英语文本中一般都不单独出现，而是嵌套在请柬正文中 2）两种文本中各个内容要素的呈现顺序不尽一致。汉语文本的顺序为“被邀请人——邀请事由——时间地点—— 活动内容——结尾套语——邀请人” 英语请柬文本常见的呈现顺序为“邀请事由——邀请人——被邀请人——活动内容——时间地点”
涉外邀请函和请柬的翻译
邀请函
邀请函(invitation letter)是为了增进友谊、发展业务，
邀请客人参加庆典、会议、婚宴等社交活动的专门书信。
与普通邀请函相比，涉外邀请函具有格式更加规范、
文体更加正式、文本话语更加权威等特点。
中英邀请函对比
均按照“发出邀请——阐明邀请意义——安排邀请细
英文请柬
标题称谓标题可有可无，如有标题，“Invitation”放在正文顶端称谓一般都用全称，不用缩写词。邀请人与被邀请人姓名乊前一律要加头衔，如无爵位、官衔或职称时，Mr.写在Mrs.乊前。如果以公司或单位名义发出邀请，可写公司、单位全名，不加称呼正文写明邀请人邀请被邀请人参加什么活动、什么时间、在什么地点排列顺序一般是星期、日月年、几点一般排印在时间乊前或乊后一般不写标点符号请柬除上述主要内容外，有时还有一些说明或附注，如“R.S.V.P.”被邀请人无论出席与否，均应及时答复。如果注有”Regrets Only”字样，则只有决定不出席才答复
请有关人员前来出席社交礼仪活动而发出的礼仪性的书面通知。
使用请柬可以表示对被邀请者的尊重，又可以表示邀请者对
此事的郑重态度。
请柬一般包括标题、称谓、正文、敬语、落款和日期等结构

系统功能语法视野下英汉请柬的语篇差异及互译——兼论中西文化的相互转换

系统功能语法视野下英汉请柬的语篇差异及互译——兼论中西文化的相互转换杨洋【摘要】The textual differences between English and Chinese invitations are analyzed, which are shown in interpersonal functional resources, ideational representations, transitivity patterns, thematic structures and cohesive devices, and which are caused by their distinctive languages, thinking patterns and cultural mentalities. Accordingly, their mutual translations can＇t be done literally. The acceptable approach is to domesticate them on the basis of functional equivalence, i.e., reproduce them in receptors＇language.%从人际意义资源、概念意义表征、及物性结构、主位结构与衔接手段分析了英汉请柬的语篇差异，从语言、思维、文化（心理）方面究了其原因，发现二者不应简单地字对字、甸对句互译，而应在功能对等的前提下归化，即用译语读者习惯的方式传达邀约。

【期刊名称】《玉林师范学院学报》【年(卷),期】2012(033)003【总页数】4页(P136-139)【关键词】英汉请柬;系统功能语法;语篇差异;功能对等【作者】杨洋【作者单位】玉林师范学院外国语学院,广西玉林537000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H315.9请柬是邀请亲朋好友、知名人士、专家等参加某项活动的邀约性书信，在日常社交与国际交往中广泛使用。

中英文商务信函比较研究

中英文商务信函比较研究在全球化日益加强的今天，商务信函在国际交流和商业活动中扮演着至关重要的角色。

中英文商务信函在撰写风格和语言特点上存在显著的差异，但都强调了有效、准确和专业的信息传达。

本文将从几个关键方面对中英文商务信函进行比较研究。

一、语言风格中英文商务信函在语言风格上有明显差异。

中文信函常使用正式和官方的语言，注重礼貌和尊敬，而英文信函则更偏向于直接和客观。

这种差异反映了两国文化的不同价值观。

在中文语境中，尊重和谦虚被视为重要的美德，而在英文语境中，准确和直接的信息表达被更加重视。

二、语法和词汇中英文商务信函在语法和词汇使用上也有显著区别。

中文信函倾向于使用复杂的句子结构和华丽的词汇，以展示书写者的文采和教养。

而英文信函则更注重简洁、明确和专业的词汇以及清晰的语法。

这反映了两种语言的不同特点。

中文的复杂句法结构为表达提供了更多的可能性，而英文的简洁性使得信息更加明了易懂。

三、内容和结构尽管中英文商务信函在内容和结构上都有其共同点，如开头和结尾的礼貌用语，以及段落安排和信息组织等，但在具体细节上仍存在差异。

例如，中文信函通常会在开头部分对整个信函的目的进行概述，而英文信函则更倾向于直接进入主题。

四、文化因素中英文商务信函之间的差异也反映了中西方文化的不同。

中文信函深受儒家文化影响，注重关系和面子，而英文信函则更多地体现了西方社会的契约精神和法律意识。

这种文化差异对商务沟通有着重要影响，需要双方在交流中特别注意。

总结，中英文商务信函在语言风格、语法和词汇、内容和结构以及文化因素等方面都存在显著差异。

在撰写商务信函时，需要根据目标受众和企业文化等因素，恰当地调整语言风格和内容结构，以确保信息能够准确有效地传达。

了解并尊重不同文化之间的差异也是进行国际商务交流的关键。

随着全球化的不断发展，跨文化交流和合作将越来越频繁，因此对中英文商务信函的比较研究仍有重要意义。

英文商务信函在商业交往中扮演着重要的角色，而“合作”和“礼貌”则是信函中两个不可或缺的关键词。

中英文商务邀请信中邀请言语行为对比分析

作者：张蕊
作者机构：河北民族师范学院公共课部,河北承德067000
出版物刊名：常州工学院学报：社会科学版
页码： 73-77页
年卷期： 2013年第3期
主题词：中英文商务邀请信;“邀请”言语行为;对比分析
摘要：文章从语用学角度,通过定性与定量相结合的方式,对比分析了中英文商务邀请信中＂邀请＂言语行为的实现形式,并探析了导致其差异的原因。

研究发现,在直接邀请中,中国人更倾向于使用前后辅助行为语模式,组织名为起始行为语,无阻碍邀请策略为中心行为语,夸耀益处和说明理由策略为辅助行为语完成邀请。

西方人则更偏向于使用后辅助行为语模式,敬语＋名字/头衔为起始行为语,无阻碍邀请策略为中心行为语,消除疑虑和情感期待策略为辅助行为语达成邀请。

在间接邀请中,除与直接邀请相同的状况,中西方人均多使用前后辅助行为语模式,期待策略为中心行为语发出邀请。

但是,西方人多用许诺和消除疑虑策略为辅助行为语。

通过分析,中西方人在思维模式、性格特点、礼貌概念理解上的不同是造成＂邀请＂言语行为实现形式差异的主要原因之一。

中西方婚礼差异英文书籍

中西方婚礼差异英文书籍English:"Exploring the cultural contrasts between Western and Chinese wedding ceremonies unveils a fascinating tapestry of traditions, values, and social norms. In Western weddings, the emphasis often lies on individualism, with the bride and groom viewed as the central figures. This is reflected in the personalized vows, extravagant attire, and grandiose venues commonly chosen. Conversely, Chinese weddings prioritize familial harmony and societal stability, with the union of two families being paramount. Rituals like the Tea Ceremony symbolize respect for elders and the merging of familial ties, while the color red signifies good luck and happiness. Additionally, the concept of 'face' plays a significant role, influencing decisions regarding guest lists, seating arrangements, and gift-giving. While Western weddings celebrate love as a union between two individuals, Chinese weddings honor love as a connection between families, emphasizing collective welfare over individual desires. Understanding these disparities not only enriches cross-cultural awareness but also fosters appreciation for the diverse ways in which love and commitment are expressed worldwide."中文翻译:"探究西方和中国婚礼仪式之间的文化差异揭示了一幅迷人的传统、价值观和社会规范的图景。

邀请语的英汉文化比较

关于邀请语的英汉文化比较【中文摘要】“邀请”，即请人到自己的地方来或到约定的地方去。

邀请是一门学问，若邀请的语言、方式得体，则双方皆大欢喜，被邀者欣然赴约，邀请者颜面增光；但若邀请时的言语不妥，不仅好心不得好报——邀请失败，甚至可能将双方多年的交情付诸东流。

而且，因为历史文化传统和生活习惯的不同，造就了英语和汉语关于邀请的方式也不尽相同，通过这一礼貌的行为也反映出中西文化的某些差异。

本文通过对比分析英语和汉语发出邀请的不同句式，以及邀请时邀请方式的不同，我们把它分为直接式、预约式的邀请；根据邀请时的感情差异，又分为诚挚的真实邀请、客套的虚假邀请和需要商谈的邀请。

通过具体分析这些邀请所具有的不同特征，并由这些分析研究进而找出影响邀请言语的因素。

例如影响邀请言语行为既包括社会关系、角色关系，又包括年龄、性别、职业、场合及文化等因素。

通过这一系列的分析比较，我们大致可以得出这么一个结论：那就是总体来看，西方文化看重是“真”，人们在交际中显得很直率；汉文化看重“情”，说真话还是假话并不重要，重要的是要保住双方的面子。

由此，我们可以借助这个来指导我们在日常生活中，在跨文化交流中更好的理解对方的意图，顺利的交往，增进我们彼此的情谊，而不至于弄出尴尬。

【关键词】邀请，礼貌原则，跨文化比较，语用功能【英文摘要】“I nvitation “I nvitation”, namely, is asking someone to your place, or going to an appointed place. “I nvitation”takes a lot of learning, if the language and means of invitation are proper, then it is good news for all. The invited will be glad to go to the appointment, and the inviter will take a lot of ornament. On the contrary, if the language is not proper, the inviter not only can not obtain the return —the invitation becomes failure, but also even the friendship between them will go away. What’s more, because of the difference of the historical tradition and the life habit between English and Chinese, which leads to the means of invitation are different. Through this polite behavior of invitation can reflect some differences between eastern culture and western culture. This article researches different sentences used in Chinese and English and the different means of invitation when inviting via to comparison and analysis. The invitation can be divided into two means of invitation: direct invitation and appointed invitation; according to the difference of emotion when inviting, it also can be divided into three means of invitation: the sincere and real invitation, the courteous and fake invitation and the invitation needs to be discussed. By the means of analyzing the different characteristics specifically, one can discover the elements which influence language of inviting. For example, the language and behavior that influence invitation include social relations, the relationship in role, and age, gender, occupation, occasion and culture and so on. Through this series of analyses and comparisons, a conclusion generally comes to：that is on the western culture values "truth", it is the very direct when people in thesocial intercourse; Chinese culture values “love”, said the truth or false is not important, but to keep the both faces is important. Therefore, we can use this to guide in our daily life, and ha ve a better understanding of each other’s intention in the cultural communications, and have fluency exchanges, even to enhance the relationship, not to make embarrassed.【Key Words】Invitation，Politeness Principle，Cross-cultural comparison，pragmatic function【目录】【中文摘要】 (1)【英文摘要】 (1)【引言】 (2)【正文】 (3)一、英、汉发出邀请的句式 (3)1.英语中发出邀请的句型 (3)2.汉语中发出邀请的句式 (4)二、邀请的方式 (4)1.直接式 (4)2.预约式 (5)三、英汉发出邀请的类型比较 (6)1.预约式的假邀请 (6)2.客套式的假邀请 (6)3.需要商谈的邀请 (6)四、影响“邀请”言语行为的因素 (7)1.社会关系对邀请言语行为的影响 (7)2.年龄对邀请言语行为的影响 (8)3.性别对邀请言语行为的影响 (8)五、结语 (9)【致谢】 (10)【参考文献】 (10)【引言】生活在地球上的人们，都渴望交流，因为交流是人与人之间、人与群体之间思想和情感传递与反馈的桥梁，然而，怎样才能更好的进行交流？怎样才能通过交流促进彼此的情感，增进彼此的情谊？这就需要邀请。

举例说明中英文请柬的格式差异

举例说明中英文请柬的格式差异
中文请柬通常以正式的语言和格式邀请受邀者参加特定的活动或庆典。

一般来说，中文请柬的格式包括以下几个部分：
1. 主办方信息，包括主办方的名称、联系方式等；
2. 活动信息，包括活动的名称、时间、地点等；
3. 邀请内容，用正式的措辞邀请受邀者参加活动；
4. 祝福语，通常包括对受邀者的祝福或感谢。

举例来说，一份中文请柬可能会以以下格式开头：
主办方，XXX公司。

活动，庆祝XXX活动。

时间，XXXX年X月X日。

地点，XXX酒店。

然后会陈述邀请的内容，最后以诚挚的祝福语结尾。

而英文请柬的格式通常会更加简洁明了，一般包括以下几个部分：
1. 主办方信息，包括主办方的名称、联系方式等；
2. 活动信息，包括活动的名称、时间、地点等；
3. 邀请内容，用礼貌的措辞邀请受邀者参加活动；
4. RSVP 信息，包括回复邀请的方式和截止日期。

举例来说，一份英文请柬可能会以以下格式开头：
You are cordially invited to attend.
The XXX Event.
Hosted by XXX Company.
Date: XXXX, XX, XXXX.
Time: XX:XX PM.
Location: XXX Hotel.
然后会陈述邀请的内容，最后附上 RSVP 信息。

总的来说，中英文请柬的格式差异在于语言表达方式和结构上的差异，中文请柬更加注重礼节和祝福，而英文请柬更加注重简洁明了和回复方式的说明。

邀请函请柬形式英文

中文、英语请柬、邀请函的不同和英文请柬的格式：现代的社会是交际的社会，需要举办或参加各种国际或国内的会议以及宴会等，写邀请信和请柬是一个人必备的素质。

今天我们就来介绍中文请柬和英文请柬的格式，并在后面给出中文请柬和英文请柬的范文！由于邀请信是一种重要的社交书信，它包括正式和非正式两种。

正式的邀请信即请柬，它有固定的格式，一般用第三人称书写；非正式的邀请信格式不严格，使用第一人称，称呼也比较自由。

中文请柬和英文请柬、邀请函的格式中文请柬和英文请柬有固定的格式和措辞，因此不能简单地以单句为单位进行翻译，而应从整个篇章的角度去把握，使译文符合目的语的表达习惯。

请看下面这则例子：mr. and mrs. john smith request the honour of the presence ofmr. and mrs. j. a. brownat the marriage of their daughterelizabeth smithtomr. john frederick hamiltonsaturday, the twenty-ninth of septemberat four oclock p.m.church of heavenly restnew york译文如下：j．a．布朗先生及夫人：兹定于九月二十九日（星期六）下午四时在纽约天安教堂为小女伊丽莎白．史密斯与约翰?弗雷德里克．汉密尔顿先生举行婚礼，届时恭请光临。

约翰．史密斯夫妇谨订。

这是一张正式的英文结婚请柬，格式采用固定的分行式。

在内容安排上按照“邀请者被邀请者邀请之意活动内容时间地点”这样的先后顺序。

汉语的顺序是“活动时间活动地点活动内容邀请之意邀请者的姓名”，邀请者的姓名应写在右下角，与正文分开。

无论是英语请柬还是汉语请柬，在语言上的要求是一致的，都须简洁明了，措辞庄重、文雅，比如，原请柬中为表达邀请之意所用的是“request the honour of thepresenceof”，翻译时用“恭请光临”与之对应。

中西方婚礼异同论文

题目: On the Study of the Differences between Chinese and American Wedding Culture (中美婚礼折射出的中美文化差异)一、Introduction （介绍）definition 提出论点：通过婚礼对比，全面了解中西方文化历史背景知识，同时在保有自身文化特色的原则下不断吸取西方国家文化的优点，更新自己文化的不足之处，达到扬长避短的目的。

The wedding is one of life's primeval and surprisingly unchanged rites of passage. Nearly all of the customs we observe today are merely echoes（回声，效仿） of the past. Everything from the veil（面纱）, rice, flowers, and old shoes, to the bridesmaids and processionals, at one time, bore（使烦扰，钻孔） a very specific and vitally（极其） significant meaning. Today, although the original substance（物质，主旨） is often lost, we incorporate（吸收，合并） old world customs into our weddings because they are traditional and ritualistic（）.As an old saying goes: marriage is the most important matter in women’s life. Marriage is a very important part in one’s life. So does the wedding ceremony.二、Necessity of knowing the culture differences in Chinese and westernweddings1. Globalization（全球化）2. Culture and Conflict （文化冲突）三、Compare the Similarities and Differences in Chinese and WesternWeddings（异同点）1. Propose a marriage (提亲)In the West, if the men in love want to marry, he must first propose to the groom's family by the bride's side. When proposing, the groom's family should bestow the betrothal ring to the bride's side (an engagement ring). Therefore, when the people mentioned “He gave hera ring”, it usually means that they are now engaged.Engagement in AmericaTraditionally, a young man asks the father of his sweetheart for permission to marry her. If the father agrees, the man latter proposes to her. Often he tries to surprise her by “popping the question”in a romantic way. Sometimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married. The man usually gives his fiancée a diamond ring as a symbol of their engagement.They may be engaged for weeks, months or even years. As the big day approaches, bridal showers and bachelor’s parties provide many useful gifts. Today many couples also receive counseling during engagement. This prepares them for the challenges of married life.Engagement in ChinaBefore getting married, young people have to pay a formal visit to each other’s parents. When visiting the girl’s parents, the boy has to bringwith him the betrothal gifts in order to show sincerity. When the gifts arereceived, then both the boy and the girl are engaged. When the girl visitsthe boy’s parents, the parents have to prepare a formal gift for the future daughter-in –law.2. Auspicious occasion（结婚地点）3. Wedding invitation (请柬)4. Preparation5. Dressing (服饰)5.1 The customs of dressing in western countries (西方)在西方传统的婚礼服饰中，白色是最常用的颜色。

英式商务信函与美式商务信函的差异

英式商务信函与美式商务信函的差异指导教师：系别：国际教育交流学院专业：商务英语班级：商英姓名：学号：摘要在国际贸易中，一笔交易，除当面洽谈外，通常是采用信函和电子信函等方式进行洽商，最终达成协议，签订合同，以确立合同当事人之间的经济关系。

因此，国际商务英语信函是进行国际贸易的重要通讯手段，在对外贸易中的位置也越来越重要。

目前，英美人士都倾向于在函件中用简明的语言来表达。

对于即将从事或正在从事的商务人员来说，熟练掌握国际商务英语书写的格式及结构并加以应用，是一项不可或缺的技能。

随着经济一体化向纵深发展,各国商务书信往来频繁，影响力也日益增强。

文章从语言及商务信函格式的角度，对商务英文书信中英美语之间的差异进行了详尽的对照研究分析，以扫除文化差异造成的理解困难，为商界朋友提供相应的帮助。

关键词：商务信函；英美语；格式；差异AbstractWe usually use letters and E-mail in a deal of international trade to reach an agreement, sign a contract, besides face to face negotiating, so as to establish a contractual relationship with the parties to the contract finally. Therefore, the international business English letters is an important means of communication for international trade, and its position in foreign trade is increasingly becoming important. At present, British and American people tend to use concise language in letters. It is an essential skill for business executives to master business letters and write it in correct form.With the rapid development of the world economy, business letters go back and forth between all countries frequently and bring about huge effects. In order to provide appropriate help to business people, the article studies the differences between British-English and American-English on language and the format of business letters to conquer the misunderstanding caused by different cultures.Key words: business letter, American and British-English, format, difference目录摘要 (I)ABSTRACT (II)引言 (5)1商务英语信函的概述 (6)1.1商务英语信函的概念 (6)1.2商务信函的作用 (6)2商务英语信函的格式 (7)2.1 缩进式 (7)2.2 齐头式 (8)2.3 改良齐头式 (9)3 商务书信各部分英语、美语用法对照 (10)3.1日期、数字写法上的差异及注意事项 (10)3.2英式日期美式日期格式对照 (11)3.3封内地址和敬语使用的差异 (12)3.3.1封内地址 (12)3.4信封写法的差异 (14)3.4.1 美式信封的写法 (15)3.4.2 英式信封式的写法 (16)3.5正确应用格式的重要性 (18)3.5.1正确使用信函格式 (18)4 结论 (19)参考文献 (20)致谢 (22)引言随着经济一体化向纵深发展,各国商务书信往来频繁,影响力也日益增强。

中西婚礼对比英文作文

中西婚礼对比英文作文In a traditional Chinese wedding, the bride wears a red qipao, a traditional Chinese dress, while the groom wears a black or blue tangzhuang, a traditional Chinese suit.In a Western wedding, the bride usually wears a white wedding gown, often with a veil and a train, while the groom wears a formal suit or tuxedo.The Chinese wedding ceremony often includes a tea ceremony, where the bride and groom serve tea to their parents and other elders as a way to show respect and gratitude.In a Western wedding, the ceremony typically includes the exchange of vows and rings, as well as readings and music chosen by the couple.In a Chinese wedding banquet, the menu often includes traditional Chinese dishes such as Peking duck, lobster,and shark fin soup.In a Western wedding reception, the menu may include a variety of cuisines, and the couple may choose to have asit-down dinner or a buffet.In a Chinese wedding, it is common for the couple to receive red envelopes containing money as a gift from guests.In a Western wedding, guests often give gifts from a registry or monetary gifts in a card.In a Chinese wedding, the color red is considered lucky and is often used in decorations and clothing.In a Western wedding, the color scheme and decorations are chosen by the couple and may vary widely.。

中西方婚礼差异对比英语论文

A Comparison of the Wedding Culture between China and Western Countries in Modern Times IntroductionThe 21st century is dominated by science and technology, which makes the whole world develop quite rapidly. With the constantly increasing economic globalization and international exchange, the cultures of different regions are gradually spread and fused, such as the wedding cultures of China and Western Countries.It is clear that Chinese wedding and Western wedding differ from each other in many aspects: custom, ceremony procedures, styles and dress, marriage media and place.This thesis discusses the differences between Chinese and Western wedding cultures. It is extremely important to understand the different cultures between China and Western countries, which will help us to correctly understand the words and deeds of Westerners in the intercultural communication, fully understand each other, and respect each other's customs so as to get the best effect of communication.1. Chinese and Western Different Wedding Cultures1.1 Custom1.1.1 Three Papers and Six EtiquettesAccording to Chinese wedding customs, the first etiquette is Three Papers and Six Etiquettes, which is as important as the engagement at Western wedding.Three Papers consists of the paper of engagement, the list paper of the presents to the bride’s and the paper of fetching the bride. They are going to be used on the day of engagement, the bridegroom’s giving the presents of marriage to the bride’s an d going and fetching the bride.Six Etiquettes includes asking for engagement, asking for the name and births of the newlyweds, showing some presents for engagement to the bride’s, giving the presents of marriage to the bride’s, choosing a good date for the wedding and going and fetching the br ide on the day of the wedding. All these etiquettes must be completely in proper order before thewedding, and then the formal wedding can be held.1.1.2 EngagementIn Western countries, people always engage first and then they can hold the formal wedding. Many etiquettes and symbols need to be paid much attention to, especially the diamond ring at the engagement ceremony. Diamond is considered as the best symbol of forever love. The diamond is produced by heat energy and press, which makes it the hardest material discovered by human beings so far. Thus, the bridegroom must send a diamond ring to his bride to show his promise of forever unchanged love at their engagement ceremony. 1.1.3 Other Etiquettes and CustomsEtiquettes and Customs at the Chinese WeddingIn China, the parents always prepare some dowry for their daughter. The dowry means a good wish for their rich and nice life. At the bridegroom’s home, there are also many things to be prepared. At the same time the bridegroom must prepare some money packaged in red paper bags to thank some people on the day of the wedding, such as his bride’s brother and people who helped him. People think the money in a red paper bag from the bridegroom will bring them good luck and nice life.Etiquettes and Customs at the Western Wedding“Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something Blue, and a Silver Sixpence in Her Shoe”.Each item in this poem represents a good-luck taken for the bride. If she carries all of them on her wedding day, her marriage will be happy. “Something old” symbolizes continuity with the bride's family and the past. “Something new”means optimism and hope for the bride's new life ahead. “Something borrowed”is usually an item from a happily married friend or family member, whose good fortune in marriage is supposed to carry over to the new bride. The borrowed item also reminds the bride that she can depend on her friends and family. “Something Blue”dates from the ancient Rome time, brides wore blue to symbolize love, modesty, and fidelity, as evidenced in proverbs like “Marry in blue, lover be true”. And finally, a silver sixpence dates back to a Scottish customs of a groom putting a silver coin under his foot for good luck, today it represents wealth and financial security.1.1.4 TaboosTaboos at the Chinese WeddingOn the day of the wedding, people can’t say bad words. People say it will bring something bad if they don’t follow the customs. Everything prepared for the wedding must be in pairs.When the bride arrives at the b ridegroom’s, she can’t touch the threshold when she goes across, or she will bring bad luck.The pregnant women and the women who lose a parent or her husband recently can’t attend the wedding, and they can not touch the bride’s new clothes and all of the items in the bridal chamber. If they did this, she had to crawl through the new couple’s unmarried brother’s legs before she can go out.Taboos at the Western WeddingThere are also many taboos at the Western wedding, especially concerning the bride’s wedding dress. White wedding dress must not be matched with red shoes, because red shoes means to jump into the fire pit. Red flower, red belt and other red things mustn’t be matched with white dress, either, since white symbolizes pure while red is the opposite. White wedding dress should match white, golden or silver shoes.The bride must cover her face with a veil at the ceremony, for it is not only a decoration but also representing a dividing line, and it can’t be exposed by other people except the bridegroom. The bridegroom always stands on the right of his bride, in order to avoid others from grabbing his bride away. When the new couple goes back to their bridal chamber, the bridegroom must hug the bride into the house and put her on the bed, avoiding her getting into the house with her left foot first, for they think that may bring bad luck to the new family. 1.2 Ceremony ProceduresCeremony Procedures at the Chinese WeddingThere is a certain order in Chinese wedding. Generally speaking, the whole process of the wedding includes a series of details.( 1 ) Going and Fetching the BrideOn the day of the formal wedding, the bride is dressed up by the elders at her home, waiting for the bridegroom. When the bridegroom meets his bride, they are to say goodbye tothe bride‘s family members after worshipping the bride’s ancestors. They bow down before her parents, after which the newlyweds can set off after the bride’s mothe r drapes kerchief over for her.( 2 ) Performing the Formal Wedding CeremonyIn China, people will select a good date very carefully for a big event, especially for one’s marriage or death, for there are many taboos to avoid and they think a good date may bring good luck. Usually, they consult professional Mr. Fengshui(The one who studies the geomantic omen professionally) for advice.People paste congratulatory couplets and large red Chinese character on the doorframes and walls. And they also lay out red blanket on the ground. The bride and bridegroom will be led across the red blanket, the colorful paper strips and one kind of spray stuff will be setting off above the new couple’s heads. They walk shoulder by shoulder to the front of their parents who have already sat in a row of chairs at the end of the blanket. They bow down before their parents three times, and then they bow to each other three times, too. After that they formally become a couple.( 3 ) Disturbing the NuptialAfter the wedding feast, some of their close friends will plan to make fun of the new couple in their bridal chamber, and usually they play games. The new couple can’t have a rest until all the friends stop to left, and the whole wedding ends.( 4 ) Going back to the Bride’s Three Days LatterOn the third day after the marriage, the bride must go back to her parents with her husband with roasted meat and some other gifts. There, they worship her ancestors again, and they can even stay for a period of time before they return their own home.Ceremony Procedures at the Western WeddingMost Westerners are Christians, so Western wedding is always held in the church, presided by the priest. On the day of the wedding, the new couple’s relatives and friends gather at the church to celebrate their wedding and to be the witnesses of their marriage.As the ceremony begins, the bridegroom and his groomsmen stand with the priest, facing the audience. Music signals the entrance of the bridesmaids, followed by the beautiful bride, and the bride will be led into the church by her father. Then the priest will ask the new coupleand all people to present several questions one by one, beginning with the bridegroom, and then they give their promises of marriage to each other “for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health.” After that they can exchange their rings and kiss each other. Finally, the priest will declare their marriage, which means the end of the wedding.1.3 Styles and DressA Chinese wedding is a very special occasion filled with bright red color everywhere. That's because red represents happiness and prosperity, and also it is a symbol of good luck, indicates the days after marriage is booming.Western wedding trends to be romantic. The whole wedding is full of romantic atmosphere. The bride usually wears a beautiful, long white wedding dress, because white means jubilation in the West. The bridegroom wears a formal suit or tuxedo. For example, in the Andaman Islands, white was the representative of the status change. Traditional white wedding dress was the privilege of nobility in the early days. In Liberia times, most of the brides can only wear the traditional national costumes, and only the upper class can wear white dress at the wedding, which was the symbol of power and identity. Until modern times, after the privilege of nobility disappears the bride can wear white wedding dress ordinarily. 1.4 Marriage MediaIn Chinese wedding, matchmaker is the compere of the wedding. Listening to matchmaker’s proposals is the rule that people must abide by. They usually were women. The bride and bridegroom were directed by her to finish the ceremony.But in Christian’s opinions, wedding ceremony is considered as an important way to get god’s save and wedding ceremony is a very important part of marriage. Priest plays an essential role in it. And marriage is not valid, unless the ceremony is hosted by priest.1.5 PlaceChinese wedding is usually held in the bridegroom's house. The bride and bridegroom worship the heaven, the earth, their parents and each other in the hall of the house. The relatives and friends have dinner in the courtyard.Most of the Westerners are Christians and they believe in God and regard him as the only master of the universe, so Western wedding takes place in church.2. The Reasons for Differences2.1 Social SystemsChina's emperors treat themselves as the Son of Heaven, but “No one is born noble.”Ancient China's political system is Centralized system that the autocratic centralization of power as the core. Despotic centralized system in China continuities 2000 years, and it had a profound impact on the China's reunification and development.While in the West, the emperor and his people are in accordance with the sanctity of contracts under the name of God, and the emperor in accordance with God's will to control the country.2.2 Thought PatternsChinese ThoughtsChinese people are always more conservative, and they like to gather together enjoying the jollification and they have a relatively rigid mind. Thus there is not much change in the wedding customs in the thousands of years’ Chinese history. Many traditional wedding customs and etiquettes remain alive. And the Chinese people’s character of loving jollification is fully manifested in the Chinese traditional complicated wedding ceremony. In the end of the wedding, the couple will be disturbed by friends and family in their bridal chamber, and people think that the more serious the new couple is disturbed, the happier they will be in their life. Therefore, their friends and family use various methods to make things difficult for the bride and the bridegroom.Westerner’s ThoughtsWestern people are more open-minded, and their requirement for the wedding is relatively lower. The climax of their wedding is in the church. With the sacred “Wedding M arch”, th e bride is led by her father with a bouquet of roses in her hand stepping onto the red carpet, walking slowly to the bridegroom. The bride's father will put her daughter's hands in the hand of the bridegroom, entrusting her daughter's life to him. There sounds their oath in the sacred church and both the bridegroom and the bride exchange their marriage rings. After the priest declared the marriage, the bride and the bridegroom may go to the wedding banquet or to take their honeymoon without the complex etiquettes of the Chinese traditionalweddings.2.3 Value OrientationChinese Value OrientationP eople’s marriage is relatively stable because Chinese people always consider marriage as one of the most important things in one’s life. They choose it carefully, and once they decide to get married it will be not easy to change. And as Chinese people always regard marriage as something serious as well as moral; they think it’s immoral to destroy other’s marriage.Chinese people’s marriage is much more a rational choice and it is doubtful how much love there is in such a rational choice of marriage. Therefore, the Chinese people's marriage is much less roma ntic than the Western people’s. Of course, Chinese people have love, too. But there is no inevitable connection between love and marriage. Love and marriage are two entirely different matters, Chinese people can marry someone they love or they do not love. Westerner’s Value OrientationWesterners believe that marriage is purely a private matter, and no one can interfere. They have the right to choose a favorite person to live together, and they will have a second choice once they find the existing marriage is a mistake.It can be said that the Westerners’ marriage is in more need of love, and love is the basis of marriage. What’s why there are the categories of “Golden Marriage”,”Silver Marriage” and "Honeymoon", which look so romantic. In the Western countries, love is the most sacred part of human being’s emotion, which can never be sullied. And this makes it as sacred and absolute as the religious idols. At the same time, it is the extreme emotion of human beings. That’s why they make a life promi se to each other at the wedding and exchange the diamond rings to witness their love.2.4 Religious ViewsChinese Religion and Its Influence on the Wedding CustomsIn China, the traditional moral and religious beliefs are always the most important cornerstone of marriage and stable family.The most popular religion in China is Buddhism whose teachings greatly influence people’s thought. This is reflected in Chinese customs, such as the wedding customs.The Buddhism teaches the common people to enjoy a reasonable arrangement of a good secular life, and to be good people. For example, they prepare things for the wedding in pairs, and they decorate the whole wedding with red items that means goodness. Therefore, Chinese people pay much attention to the etiquettes at the wedding, they stress much and they have many taboos. The Buddhism also tells people to respect the heaven, the earth, the King, their parents and the persons who teach them, that’s why Chinese people must bow down before them at the wedding ceremony. At the same time, religion teaches people how to be a good wife or husband, how they should respect their elders and grow their kids, and the way of making a harmony marriage. Thus, Chinese people always treat marriage as one of the most important things in one’s life, and they can keep a steady family.Western Religion and Its Influence on the Wedding CustomsMost of the Westerners are Christians, they believe in God as the only master of the universe. Christians pay serious attention to marriage. According to the Bible, the Christians have two views: firstly, marriage is sacred, because the origin of marriage is the creation of god himself; secondly, marriage should insist on the principle of monogamy, that’s why God created Eve for Adam. Christians traditionally believe that the premise of divorce is one of the couple committed the crimes of lascivious or one leave voluntarily for different believes, mentioned in the Bible.3. The Measures of blending Chinese and Western Wedding Cultures3.1 Changing Teachers’ Way of Thinking and Improving Teaching MethodsIn China's current education system, foreign language teaching has only been carried out in the classroom and teachers play a leading role. If the teachers will only focus on grammar and vocabulary teaching, the students can not learn the practical application of language, but lack of cross-cultural communication capabilities. Therefore, teachers must be taught to change their concepts, practical understanding of the importance of cross-cultural communicative competence.For a long time, the teaching of English in universities are placed emphasis on teaching knowledge of the language at the expense of cross-cultural communication abilities. In order to change this situation, we must improve teaching methods, both in the aspects of quantitative and qualitative to control the culture of teaching in classroom, and to make fulluse of modern teaching methods to mobilize the enthusiasm of students, teacher can let students to play the bridegroom and the bride in the wedding ceremony. In addition, we must make the new content and language knowledge in close contact, and communication practice must be closely integrated with the language.3.2 Emphasizing on Non-verbal Communication AbilityNon-verbal communication is also an important means of communication, referring to a particular context of using of non-verbal behavior in the process of information exchange and understanding the knowledge. They are not really the units of language, but sometimes it was able to make people communicate better in culture than the language itself. Some specific non-verbal behavior often represents a specific meaning, which must pay attention to cross-cultural communication. To know more about non-verbal behavior is good for understanding the wedding cultures, such as the ceremony procedures.3.3 Extensive Contact with Western Culture MaterialsPeople should make good use of their leisure time reading the West English literary works, newspapers, magazines and current affairs comments and other materials to learn wedding culture and improve cross-cultural communicative competence. In addition, people can go to the English corner to discuss the wedding culture.ConclusionMarriage is an important part of social life, we can make the wedding culture as a breakthrough point to know more about the differences between Chinese and Western culture. In the Chinese and Western weddings, the custom, ceremony procedures, styles and dress, marriage media and place are different and there are many reasons causing the differences such as social system, thought pattern, value orientation and religious views.It is extremely important to know and understand the differences between them, so that we can understand the words and deeds of Westerners correctly and respect each other's customs in the communication, and then we can get the best effect of communication. In conclusion, the Western and Chinese culture is a vast field for Chinese and English learners to explore and study. We still have a long way to understand it deeply.References[1] JiaYuxin.Intercultural Communication Research [M]. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1997[2] Linell Davis. Doing Culture: Cross-Cultural Communication in Action [M]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1999[3] Ma Xiao-na. The Difference Between the Eastern and Western Culture and Intercultural Communication [M]. Zurich: Artie Gomez Press, 2009[4] Samovar, L. Richard E. & Porter Lis. A Stephanie. Communication Between Cultures [M]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2003[5] 曹晓金. 多德关于跨文化婚姻与跨文化交际的研究[J] .宁夏社会科学, 2000 （3）.[6] 段淑萍. 中英婚俗文化及差异[J] . 岳阳职业技术学院学报，2006（2）.[7] 夏巧华. 中美婚礼之文化对比及文化融合[J]. 天津市职工现代企业管理学院学报，2005 (2) .[8] 席晓. 浅谈中西方婚礼文化异同[J] .科教文汇，2008 (23) .[9] 赵林. 中西文化的精神差异[R] . 北京：百家讲坛，2006 (10).[10] 张雅秋，王玉峰. 中西方婚礼习俗差异[J] . 世界华商经济年鉴·科学教育家，2008 (13) .成都大学毕业论文AcknowledgementsFirst and foremost, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Associate Prof. Li lei, for her patience throughout my study. Due to her constant encouragement and patient guidance, her constructive suggestions and correction of the mistakes, I can finish this thesis successfully.Deep appreciation goes to all professors and my friends, for their encouragement and support.In addition, I appreciate my university that gives me such a comfortable learning atmosphere.11。

系统功能语法视野下英汉请柬的语篇差异及互译——兼论中西文化的相互转换

理）方面究其原因；在此基础上，再从功能对等原言中由语气、情态、语调等范畴体现。（）篇元３语
则出发，探讨它们的互译。如此，便可Ｊ，Ｅｔ，实现跨功能。上述两种功能最后要由语言使用者把它们组￣ｌＪ
中文请柬 “ 定于２０年ｌ月ｌ日（期二）１时兹０５０１星２半至下午１时半假座北京展览馆３号大厅举行宴会，庆祝澳大利亚展览会开幕 ”４表征时间、地点、个缘由的小句位于主位。最后，衔接手段。英文请柬一共用了１个０介词、５定冠词ｔｅ１小品词 “ ｏ，１在次ｈ，次ｔ” 次
加某项活动的邀约性书信，在日常社交为语言有三种基本功能：概念、交际和语篇功能。与国际交往中广泛使用。中英、中美等跨这三种功能又分别与及物性、语气和主位系统相联
１概国交流中，英汉请柬互译自然不可或缺。因二者皆系。具体为：（）念元功能。语言是对存在于主有同定格式与措辞，且中西语言、思维、文化（心客观世界的事物和过程的反映，是所说的内容在语理）各异，所以英汉请柬不宜简单地字对字、句对言范畴中表现为及物性、归一性和语态。（）际２人句互译。笔者认为可先从系统功能语法视角，考察元功能。语言是社会中人与人之间有意义的活动和它们的语篇差异；进而，从语言、思维、文化（心做事的手段，必然反映人与人之间的关系。它在语

中英婚庆习俗文化对比研究

中英婚庆习俗文化对比研究摘要：在世界文化发展日益加快的今天，人们对于中西方的婚礼习俗也越发的关注起来。

本篇文章将从婚宴形式、婚礼服饰以及饮食文化几方面进行综合概述，反映出两方文化、语言发展和婚礼习俗的发展变迁。

关键词：中英婚庆、婚礼服饰、饮食差异引言：我们大家都知道随着全球经济、贸易、文化的发展，中国与西方国家的发展已经越来越密切，我国自改革开放以来与各个国家的交往也是逐渐增多的，在这种情况之下也给我们提供了大量和外国友人接触交流的机会，而人与人在交往的过程中最重要的就是礼仪问题，在这个过程中我们就会发现我们国家与西方国家的礼仪有着很大的不同。

我们所知道的西方礼仪文化大多是来源于书本、课堂、或者是网络，但是，这样其实远远是不够的为了能够更加全面的去了解西方的礼仪文化，尤其是中英婚庆习俗文化的对比，因此我们选择了这个课题。

我们都知道婚姻作为我们这一生中必然要经历的过程，我们在婚礼的选择上就变得尤为的重要，无论是典雅的中式风格，还是浪漫唯美的英式风格，婚礼的习俗文化都成为了中西方不可或缺的重要组成部分。

同时，也是中方国家和西方国家文化交流的一个尤为重要的体现。

每个民族的婚礼习俗都是经过漫长而悠久的历史文化所发展形成过来的，它可以体现这个民族的古老文化和一个民族的历史发展。

中国传统婚庆习俗可以传承中国的文化，英国的传统婚庆习俗可以表现出西方国家的内涵。

这篇文章主要涵盖了中英婚庆习俗服饰的对比，婚宴形式的对比、餐饮文化形式的对比、以及中西方婚俗文化等方面的不同进行分析促进两方国家的交流[1]。

一、中英婚庆习俗文化对比分析（一）新娘服饰对比中西方在文化上有着极大的差异，这种差异性体现在各地的民俗、地域以及审美。

在中西方的婚礼文化中也存在这样的差异性。

笔者从服饰入手对习俗文化进行对比以突显地域差异。

1、中国红婚服的出现时间较早，最早可以追溯与周朝。

周朝的婚服颜色与现在有所不同，那时红色并没有如现在一般深入人心，故早期婚服为绿色。

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