雅思阅读复杂句分析
雅思阅读长难句分析(十二)
雅思阅读长难句分析(十二)雅思阅读长难句一直是雅思阅读中的一个难点，烤鸭们几乎都被折磨过。
今天，雅思小编就给大家具体分析一下剑桥真题中出现过的长难句，让烤鸭们掌握分析长难句的分析技巧，攻克雅思阅读长难句，不再是个传说。
1. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. (剑4 Test 1 Passage 1)译文：这些误解不是孤立存在的，而是组成了一个尽管多层面却十分有条理的概念体系，这一点使得该体系本身及其所有组成的观点更加难以攻破，有些观点甚至本身就是错误的，但是也正是这样，它们反而更容易改动。
这个句子主要难在词汇和句子结构上。
我们先来学习一下下面几个词汇：1. multifaceted：多层面的；多才多艺的2. component: 组成部分的3. erroneous：错误的4. robust: 粗鲁的；强健的5. incorporated：组成的，合并的我们该来分析一下句子结构：句子主语是These misconceptions，并列谓语do not remain ……but become，其中有not……but 句式，宾语是isolated，incorporated into…… framework。
Making作结果状语，which引导限制性定语从句修饰the component ideas。
童鞋们，看看这个句子是不是更好理解了呢？2. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free ranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact. (剑4 Test 1 Passage 2)译文：训练人工饲养海豚和小鲸鱼的人常常会评论他们的小动物对于触碰和抚摸的敏感度。
雅思阅读长难句的分类和实例分析
雅思阅读长难句的分类和实例分析雅思阅读长难句的分类和实例分析从常见的主从复合句、并列复合句和其他特殊句式三个方面分享了这些复杂结构的分析方法，大家可以参考一下，希望能提高大家的备考质量。
一、主从复合句：是指一个句子中有两个或两个以上主谓结构，并且其中一个(或更多)主谓结构作为句子的某些成分。
常见的主从复合句有名词性从句(主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、宾语从句)、定语从句和状语从句。
给大家举个例子吧：例：同位语从句+定语从句+状语从句Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. (剑9 Test 1 Passage 2)句子结构分析：这句话的主干是we make a very conservative assumption that…that…since if…whether…。
第一个That引导的从句作assumption的同位语，第二个that引导定语从句修饰a life form，since引导时间状语从句，if引导条件状语从句。
译文：第二，我们保守地假定我们正在搜寻的生命形式和人类非常相似，如果形势完全不同，那么我们可能不会把它看作一种生命形式，更不用说能否与它进行交流了。
二、并列复合句：由两个或两个以上的分句通过一些并列连词(but、and、not only…but also…、neither…nor…、yet、while、so等)，构成的复合句。
雅思阅读重点长难句
Economic significance 经济重要性 【结构】 主-谓-宾-宾补结构 主语：two main features 谓语：make 宾语：its economic significance Difficult to ascertain 是 significance 的宾语补足语 这里的 its 是对前面单数词 industry 的所有格指代 Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain.
【单词】 Sense 感官 Terrestrial 陆生的，陆地的 Mammal 哺乳动物 Take … for granted 认为…是理所应当的 Reduce 退化，恶化 Cetacean 海洋哺乳动物（一般指鲸鱼、海豚） Fail to do 不能做某事 Function 运转（此处是动词的含义，相当于 work = operate） 【结构】 整个句子是一个大大的并列句，并列句中又有并列成分，难度较大 主语：Some of the senses 谓语：are 和 fail
雅思阅读长难句分析
雅思阅读长难句分析1.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usuall English wordes’.翻译：当然，过去也有词典，第一部词典是一本大约120页的小册子，它由一位叫罗伯特·考德雷的人编纂而成并于1604年出版，书名叫《疑难常用英语词汇表》。
词汇：compile v. 编写，编纂a certain 某一publish v. 出版under the title 名叫……，题为……分析：主干部分：There had been dictionaries in the past. （倒装句）独立主格结构：the first of these being a little book of some 120 pagesThe first of these 逻辑主语Being a little book of some 120 pages 分词短语状语成分：compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, publishe d ... wordes’. （过去分词短语作状语）新通教育2.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer --- lexical as well as social and commercial.翻译：除了从混乱中建立起秩序的实际需要，词典的兴起也与英国中产阶级的兴起息息相关，他们急切地希望能定义和界定各种各样等待他们去征服的领域——词汇领域，社会领域以及商业领域。
雅思阅读真题解析
雅思阅读真题解析Adults and children are frequently confronted with statements about the alarming rate of loss of tropical rainforests. For example, one graphic illustration to which children might readily relate is the estimate that rainforests are being destroyed at a rate equivalent to one thousand football fields every forty minutes – about the duration of a normal classroom period. In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests -what and where they are, why they are important, what endangers them –independent of any formal tuition. It is also possible that some of these ideas will be mistaken.成人和儿童经常面对有关热带雨林正在以的惊人速度丧失的说法。
例如，儿童很容易联想到一种图形化的解释：据估计热带雨林被破坏的速度相当于每四十分钟一千个足球场-大约是正常课堂的持续时间。
面对媒体频繁而生动的报道，孩子们可能会形成关于雨林的想法：它们的种类和位置，它们为什么重要，以及什么使它们陷入威胁。
多重复合句
xx阅读难句之有时复合句的一个(或多个)从句，可能包含有一个(或多个)从句，即从句里套着从句，这种句子称为多重复合句。
多重复合句句式复杂.是雅思阅读的难点。
1.The most typical rights procedure is adjudication,(inwhich disputants present evidence and arguments to a neutral third party (whohas the power to make a decision (that must be followed by both disputants.)))中文：最典型的判断对错的过程是裁决，在裁决中，冲突方拿出证据和论证给一个中立的第三方。
这个第三方有权利做出一个决定，冲突双方必须遵守这个决定。
结构分析：在这句话当中in which至句尾都是adjudication的定语.who至句尾是third party的定语，最后一个由that引导的定语从句是decision的定语。
2.However it now appears (thatenlarged or constricted pupils can also affect the response of the person (who observed them.))中文:然而，现在表明，放大或缩小的瞳孔还会影响观察它们的人的反应。
结构分析：主语从句。
it是形式主语，that到句尾是that引导的从句做真正的主语。
主语从句中有一个who引导的定语从句who observed them做person的定语。
所以.全句是多重复合句。
注意句子最后的代词them,指代的是pupils,enlarged or constricted是过去分词做pupils的前置定语。
中文：因为距离和城市密度的不同影响旅行的总的公里数，所以每人乘坐公共交通每年的旅行数目提供了一个更好的比较它在各个城市的重要性的标准。
雅思阅读heading题解题技巧
[顶] 雅思阅读heading题解题技巧Elinsa发表于2010年06月16日 19:56 阅读(20) 评论(1) 分类：出国考试举报这篇日志是专门为中澳班的同学写的。
有些同学在课后问我该怎么复习雅思阅读，我的建议如下：首先，将所有我们做过的考题拿出来归纳总结。
其次，将考题当中那些影响我们理解的生词，长难句拿出来分析：单词要做到我单独列出的单词要会认，懂其意思，该单词的那些近义词，和该单词相关的其他词性的词，也要记忆；而长难句，要仔细分析，理清句子之间的逻辑关系，是转折，因果，并列还是其他，直到自己完全搞懂为止。
再次，在规定时间内做题。
在考试前至少要做10套题，特别推荐剑桥4-7。
做完之后再来查阅那些不懂的生词和难句。
最后，希望大家克服心浮气躁，只要静下心来，认真将我们学过的内容稍加总结记忆。
要想取得一个比较理想的成绩，是不难的。
在此，先将heading作一归纳总结，以供大家参考，同时，欢迎大家提出你们对该类题型的见解。
a..根据首尾句原则进行解题。
由于英美人的直线思维，所以有很多文章，都在段落首句或者尾句直接给出该段落的中心思想句。
例如：In addition, mistakes may arise due to stubbornness. No one likes to abandon a cherished belief, and the earlier a decision has been taken, the harder it is to abandon it. Drug companies must decide early to cancel a failing research project to waste money, but find it difficult to admit they have made a mistake. in the same way...这段话的首句就是主题句。
我的雅思长句难句
我的雅思长句难句长难句一旦在雅思听力或者阅读中出现，很多考生直接就给跪了。
如果一个句子超过20个单词，大部分考生都只能记住最后的大约5个单词，而对整句意思的把握几乎为零;这种现象在英语听力学习中实属正常。
按照句子结构来分，句子可以分为simple sentence(简单句)、compound sentence(复合句)、complex sentence(复杂句)、compound-complex sentence(复合复杂句)。
除简单句只包含一个clause之外，其它的句子都包含了至少两个clause。
很多考生认为简单句一定非常短，其实这是一个误区，例如仍然是Cambridge IELTS 9当中TEST4里面Section 4一句话“Alongside this primary research on urban gardens, we were studying a lot of books about the decline of wild animals in the country side and thinking of possible causes for this.”这样的一个简单句却足足有30个单词，因此简单句并不一定是短句，也可以是个长句甚至难句。
各种从句对于大部分考生来说能了解清楚已经纯属不易，更不要谈及听懂每种从句，尤其当一个句子当中出现3个以上的从句的时候，考生就像置身于一个硕大的迷宫中完全迷失自我。
Cambridge IELTS 6 TEST 3 Section 2中一句话“If you would like to purchase any of George’s books or other souvenirs, then leave the house by the side entrance, where you will find our shop, which is situated between the house and garage which contains the magnificent old Rolls-Royce car which used to belong to George.”仔细分析一下，这个长难句中包含了if引导的条件状语从句，where及3个which引导的定语从句，从句的总数量为5个;而整个句子的长度达到了48个单词。
雅思 阅读 解析making our mind last a lifetime
雅思阅读解析making our mind last a lifetime 全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：这篇文章主要讨论了如何让我们的大脑健康地活跃并持续发展，以确保我们在一生中保持健康、活力和思维灵活度。
作者强调了不断学习的重要性。
学习不仅仅是为了应对考试或工作需要，更是为了保持大脑的活跃度。
通过学习新的知识和技能，我们能够激发大脑的神经元，促进新的连接和思维方式的形成。
这些活动类似于大脑的“运动”，能够保持我们的大脑年轻和灵活。
作者提到了锻炼对大脑的重要性。
身体健康和大脑健康有着密切的联系，因此定期锻炼是保持大脑健康的重要途径之一。
有氧运动能够促进大脑的血液循环和氧气供应，有助于提高思维和记忆能力。
锻炼还能释放大脑中的多巴胺，提升情绪和注意力。
作者还提到了保持积极的心态对大脑健康的重要性。
负面情绪和压力会导致大脑的应激反应，损害神经元的健康和连接性。
保持乐观和积极的心态，通过调节情绪和应对压力，是保持大脑健康的重要因素之一。
作者指出了社交互动对大脑健康的重要性。
人类是社交动物，与他人交流和互动是保持大脑健康的重要途径。
通过社交互动，我们能够锻炼大脑中的情感和社交技能，促进大脑中的神经元连接和传递。
积极的社交关系还能提升我们的情绪和幸福感，有助于保持大脑健康。
要让我们的大脑持续活跃和发展，需要不断学习、定期锻炼、保持积极的心态和积极的社交互动。
这些措施可以帮助我们保持年轻、健康和灵活的大脑，确保我们在一生中保持活力和智慧。
在备考雅思阅读考试的过程中，不仅要注重阅读能力的提升，也要关注如何让自己的大脑保持健康，以更好地完成阅读任务并取得优异的成绩。
【此篇文章共计608字，后续将为您继续撰写】第二篇示例：雅思阅读作为雅思考试中的一部分，是考生们需要认真准备的一项重要内容。
而阅读文章的解析，更是帮助考生们理解文章的重要途径之一。
本文将针对一篇关于“making our mind last a lifetime”的阅读文章展开详细分析。
雅思写作之简单句与复杂句的应用
雅思写作之简单句与复杂句的应用很多考生写作时常犯短句过多和过度使用复杂句这两种错误，短句过多使文章无吸引力，过度追求复杂句会导致句子表达晦涩难懂。
因此，想要让作文写得更加有水平，考生就要掌握方法。
本文就为大家讲解雅思写作之简单句与复杂句的应用，可供参考。
一、简单句1、定义在英语句子中，只含有一个主谓结构且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句叫做简单句。
简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。
一般包括五种基本句型，即主谓、主系表、主谓宾、主谓宾宾、主谓宾宾补。
每种都是比较容易理解的，考生要熟悉掌握。
简单句过关了，才能避免犯错，争取写出更好的作文来。
2、要点在简单句写作中，有三个写作要点需要考生掌握。
即避免空洞的单词和词组，避免重复和选择恰当的语法结构。
空洞的单词和词组并不能为句子带来什么有价值的信息，可以被删掉或被替换掉。
在雅思写作中，最忌讳的一点是重复，不管是词汇、短语还是句子，这些都会让文章呆板。
此外，选择合适的语法结构可以使句子意思的表达更加精确和简练，因此考生要根据不同情况适当选择。
3、注意事项考生要注意的是虽然简单句一般比较简单，也很短，但有时候却很长，很复杂，看起来不像是简单句，比如当分词作状语或定语时。
分词有两种形式，现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词表示主动或正在进行，过去分词表示被动或已经完成。
例句有Living far from home, one would suffer from loneliness and homesickness.(离家生活，人们遭受孤独和思乡之苦。
)The commodities and services advertised by super stars tend to enjoy higher sales than those not advertised. (由明星代言的产品和服务比没有广告的销售量更高。
)所以，考生要搞清楚句子结构，分别其是简单句还是复杂句。
the exploration of mars雅思阅读解析
the exploration of mars雅思阅读解析For centuries,explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic,Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain.Lewis and Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the U.S.had acquired when it purchased Louisiana,and the Apollo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show of technological muscle during the cold war.Although their missions blended commercial andpolitical-military imperatives,the explorers involved all accomplished some science simply by going where no scientists had gone before.Today Mars looms as humanity's next great terra incognita(未探明之地).And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return,with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures,it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet'sreddish surface.Could it be that science,which has long played a minor role in exploration,is at last destined to take a leading role?The question naturally in vites a couple of others:Are there experiments that only human could do on Mars?Couldthose experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space?With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been.The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet,and whether it persists to thisday,has been highlighted by mounting evidence thatthe Red Planet once had abundant stable,liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions the bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite(陨石)from Mars.A mor conclusive answer about life on Mars,past or present,would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life.If it could be establishedthat life arose independently on Mars and Earth,the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science:the prevalence of life in the universe.1.For What purposes did the explorers go the unknown places in the past?2.In the exploration of Mars,_still remains uncertain.3.What has long been regarded as unimportant in the past explorations?4.What has been found on a meteorite from Mars?5.The conditions under which life originates would be revealed with the proof of_on Mars.答案：1.[For economic and nationalistic purposes.][定位]根据explorers go to unknown查找到全文首句。
剑雅12阅读passage3讲解
一、概述在剑桥雅思考试中，阅读部分是考生们面临的一大挑战。
而passage3作为阅读部分的一部分，对于很多考生来说是一个难点。
本文将针对剑雅12阅读passage3进行讲解，帮助考生更好地理解和应对这一难题。
二、passage3的内容概述passage3通常是一篇文章，可能是一篇文章的一部分，或者一篇关于特定主题的文章。
内容涉及多个领域，可能有关社会科学、自然科学、历史文化等。
文章长度一般比较长，文字较难。
三、passage3的阅读技巧1. 细节理解：在阅读过程中，要注重对文章中细节的理解。
这些细节可能是关键词、数字、时间、地点等。
对这些细节的理解是解题的基础。
2. 结构分析：passage3的文章结构通常较为复杂，包含多个段落，不同的观点可能会穿插在不同的段落中。
在阅读过程中要注意文章的结构，理清思路。
3. 理解作者观点：在passage3中，作者的观点往往不是直接表达的，而是通过语气、词语选取等间接体现出来。
要善于读懂作者的观点和态度。
4. 利用文中线索：passage3中常常包含一些线索，通过这些线索可以理解文章的主题和重点。
考生需要善于利用这些线索来辅助理解文章。
四、题型解析passage3中出现的题型多样，包括选择题、匹配题、填空题、判断题等。
这些题型需要考生具备不同的解题技巧。
1. 选择题：在解答选择题时，要注意选项的排除，尤其是一些表面上看似正确的干扰选项。
2. 匹配题：匹配题需要考生在阅读文章时留意相关的细节和观点，然后进行匹配。
3. 填空题：填空题往往考察考生对文章细节的理解，要有一定的阅读体验和理解能力。
4. 判断题：在回答判断题时，要结合文章内容去判断句子的正误。
五、实例分析下面我们以一篇实际的passage3为例进行分析，以便更好地理解解题技巧。
（文章内容省略）六、总结通过对passage3的讲解，相信考生们对这一部分的阅读和应对能力有所提升。
在备考过程中，考生还需多加练习，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
雅思考试官方指南第二版test 2阅读
雅思考试官方指南第二版test 2阅读下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor.I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copy excerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!雅思考试官方指南第二版Test 2阅读深度解析雅思考试，全称为国际英语语言测试系统（International English Language Testing System），是全球广泛认可的英语能力评估标准。
雅思考试技巧
雅思考试技巧雅思阅读：答题步骤有技巧，适合自己最重要雅思阅读考试是四个考试项目中，中国考生最不擅长的一项。
想要更加流畅的解答雅思阅读考试的题目，考生需要掌握自己的雅思阅读考试答题步骤，那么什么样的步骤适合自己呢雅思阅读考试在雅思听力考试之后，时间60分钟，题目分三个部分。
每个passage大约1200-1500字，大约13-14道题，总共40道题，时间到后考官会把答题卡和试卷都收上来。
一般而言，雅思阅读考试的答题步骤有两种，一种是仔细阅读文章，然后依次做题;另一种是直接做题，回原文找答案。
两种方法各有利弊。
首先，先看文章后做题的好处是首先对全文有个全局性的了解，知道其内容大意，做起题来比较容易定位，但可能会出现因看文章用时过多而影响做题时间，或是看完了文章做题的时候发现文章里的许多地方并没有考到的弊端。
其次，许多考生因为阅读速度慢，害怕题做不完，而跳过文章，直接做题，根据题干信息回原文寻找答案。
这种方法在做简单题时，效率相当高，但若涉及难题，就有可能出现在原文难以找到对应段落的情况。
如果题目的顺序并不与文章的顺序严格对应，考生也可能会倍感困惑，难以定位。
大家在选择自己的雅思阅读考试答题步骤的时候，可以结合上面两种，找到最适合自己的方法，这样才能在雅思阅读考试中更加有利。
雅思考试技巧篇2:雅思考试阅读做题技巧雅思考试中，英语阅读做题有哪些技巧可言呢？以下是小编整理的雅思考试阅读做题技巧，欢迎参考阅读！雅思阅读做题技巧之一：入手雅思阅读词汇首先，当然是雅思阅读中的词汇。
任何一篇内容相对复杂的阅读文章，都不行避免地出现大量死僻词语或者是难度相对较大的单词。
从文章的选材而言，范围是十分丰富的，主要来自世界列国主要的英文报刊杂志，内容涉及任何一个国家的文化、经济、自然和科技等。
而IELTS考试所考查的，是实际运用语言的能力，所以在考试中真正需要理解的单词，或是标题问题中真正考查到的单词，往往是英语阅读中的一些最核心的单词。
剑桥雅思5test2reading2的阅读全文解析
智课网IELTS备考资料剑桥雅思5test2reading2的阅读全文解析摘要：烤鸭在看剑桥雅思5时，如果看到不懂的内容，不要着急，今天小马小编带来剑桥雅思5test2reading2的阅读全文解析，希望能解答您心中的疑问。
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What's so funny?John McCrone reviews recent research on humourYou should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27, which are based on Reading Passage 21.The joke comes over the headphones: 'Which side of a dog has the most hair? The left ‘No, not funny. Try again’. Which side of a dog has the most hair? The outside.' Hah! The punchline is silly yet fitting, tempting a smile, even a laugh. Laughter has always struck people as deeply mysterious, perhaps pointless. The writer Arthur Koestler dubbed it the luxury reflex: 'unique in that it serves no apparent biological purpose'.2.Theories about humour have an ancient pedigree. Plato expressed the idea that humour is simply a delighted feeling of superiority over others. Kant and Freud felt that joke-telling relies on building up a psychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline. But most modern humour theorists have settled on some version of Aristotle's belief that jokes are based on a reaction to or resolution of incongruity, when the punchline is either nonsense or, though appearing silly, has a clever second meaning.3.Graeme Ritchie, a computational linguist in Edinburgh, studies the linguistic structure of jokes in order to understand not only humour but language understanding and reasoning in machines. He says that while there is no single format for jokes, many revolve around a sudden and surprising conceptual shift. A comedian will present a situation followed by an unexpected interpretation that is also apt.4.So even if a punchline sounds silly, the listener can see there is a clever semantic fit and that sudden mental 'Aha!' is the buzz that makes us laugh. Viewed from this angle, humour is just a form of creative insight, a sudden leap to a new perspective.5.However, there is another type of laughter, the laughter of social appeasement and it is important to understand this too. Play is a crucial part of development in most young mammals. Rats produce ultrasonic squeaks to prevent their scuffles turning nasty. Chimpanzees have a 'play-face' - a gaping expression accompanied by a panting 'ah, ah' noise. Inhumans, these signals have mutated into smiles and laughs. Researchers believe social situations, rather than cognitive events such as jokes, trigger these instinctual markers of play or appeasement. People laugh on fairground rides or when tickled to flag a play situation, whether they feel amused or not.6.Both social and cognitive types of laughter tap into the same expressive machinery in our brains, the emotion and motor circuits that produce smiles and excited vocalizations. However, if cognitive laughter is the product of more general thought processes, it should result from more expansive brain activity.7.Psychologist Vinod Goel investigated humour using the new technique of 'single event' functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). An MR! scanner uses magnetic fields and radio waves to track the changes in oxygenated blood that accompany mental activity. Until recently, MRI scanners needed several minutes of activity and so could not be used to track rapid thought processes such as comprehending a joke. New developments now allow half-second'snapshots' of all sorts of reasoning and problem-solving activities.8.Although Goel felt being inside a brain scanner was hardly the ideal place for appreciating a joke, he found evidence that understanding a joke involves a widespread mental shift. His scans showed that at the beginning of a joke the listener's prefrontal cortex lit up, particularly the right prefrontal believed to be critical for problem solving. But there was also activity in the temporal lobes at the side of the head (consistent with attempts to rouse stored knowledge) and in many other brain areas. Then when the punchline arrived, a new area sprang to life - the orbital prefrontal cortex. This patch of brain tucked behind the orbits of the eyes is associated with evaluating information.9.Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human. Energy and arousal levels may need to be retuned in the blink of an eye. These abrupt changes will produce either positive or negative feelings. The orbital cortex, the region that becomes active in Goel's experiment, seems the best candidate for the site that feeds such feelings into higher-level thought processes, with its close connections to the brain's sub-cortical arousal apparatus and centres of metabolic control.10.All warm-blooded animals make constant tiny adjustments in arousal in response to external events, but humans, who have developed a much more complicated internal life as a result of language, respond emotionally not only to their surroundings, but to their own thoughts. Whenever a sought-for answer snaps into place, there is a shudder of pleased recognition. Creative discovery being pleasurable, humans have learned to find ways of milking this natural response. The fact that jokes tap into our general evaluative machinery explains why the line between funny and disgusting, or funny and frightening, can be so fine. Whether a joke gives pleasure or pain depends on a person's outlook.11.Humour may be a luxury, but the mechanism behind it is no evolutionary accident. As Peter Derks, a psychologist at William and Mary College in Virginia, says: 'I like to think of humour as the distorted mirror of the mind. It's creative, perceptual, analytical and lingual. If we can figure out how the mind processes humour, then we'll have a pretty good handle on how it works in general.'Questions 14-20Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this14 Arthur Koestler considered laughter biologically important in several ways. F15 Plato believed humour to be a sign of above-average intelligence. NG16 Kant believed that a successful joke involves the controlled release of nervous energy. T17 Current thinking on humour has largely ignored Aristotle's view on the subject. F18 Graeme Ritchie's work links jokes to artificial intelligence. T19 Most comedians use personal situations as a source of humour. NG20 Chimpanzees make particular noises when they arc playing. TQuestions 21-23The diagram below shows the areas of the brain activated by jokes. Label the diagram.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 21 -23 on your answer sheet.21.Problem solving 22.temporal lobes 23.evaluating informationQuestions 24—27Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-G below.Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 24-27 on your answer sheet.24 One of the brain's most difficult tasks is to C25 Because of the language they have developed, humans A26 Individual responses to humour F27 Peter Derks believes that humour DAreact to their own thoughts.Bhelped create language in humans.Crespond instantly to whatever is happening.Dmay provide valuable information about the operation of the brain.Ecope with difficult situations.Frelate to a person's subjective views.Gled our ancestors to smile and then laugh.这篇文章虽然看起来比较贴近生活，但是理解起来还是有一定难度的，而且生词也是比较多的，所以如果基础差的考生理解这篇文章是有一定障碍的，下面我们来看看本文需要掌握的生词和高频词汇：1.疑难词注解：punchline(结尾警语、妙语连珠) pedigree(血统，家谱)punctured(被刺破的) ludicrousness(可笑的，滑稽的)appeasement(缓和，平息) ultrasonic(超声波)gaping(多洞穴的;目瞪口呆的) scuffles(混战，扭打)motor circuits(动力电图) magnetic fields(磁场)abrupt changes(突变，陡变) apparatus(装置，设备)distorted(歪曲的，受到曲解的) evolutionary accident(进化故事)prefrontal cortex(前额皮质) temporal lobes(颞叶)orbital cortex(额眶部皮质)functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)(机能性磁共振成像)MRI scanners(核磁共振扫描仪) computational linguist(计算机语言学家)2.高频词headphones(耳机、听筒) dub(授予……称号)psychic tension(谨慎紧张) incongruity(不协调，不一致，不适宜)format(格式，版本) conceptual(概念上的)instinctual(本能的) evaluative(可估价的)metabolic(代谢) semantic(语义的，语义学的)apt(恰当的，有倾向的，灵敏的) leap to(迅速作出，立即作出)tap into 挖掘，开发 warm-blooded 恒温的，热温的 arousal n.唤醒，激励可以看出这些词汇还是有很多专业名词，对这些词汇如果不了解很可能阻碍大家答对题目。
雅思长难句分析练习
2014年1月11日The greatest outcome of the discovery of the reaction principle was that space travel became a reality. (剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage1) –表语从句The greatest progress in rocket technology was made from the late 19th century to the present day. (剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage1)-难句Leukemia and pneumonia are strongly linked to cigarette smoking. (剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage2)-上下文猜词Intake of carbon monoxide inhibits the flow of oxygen to the heart. (剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage2)-上下文猜词Intake of nicotine encourages formation of blood clots. (剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage2)-常识猜词Teenagers whose parents smoke are at risk of getting lung cancer at some time during their lives.- (剑桥雅思3-TEST1-passage2)-定语从句Passive smoking is more harmful to non-smokers than to smokers(剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage2)--对比Compared with a non-smoker, a smoker is more likely to be at risk of contracting various cancers.- (剑桥雅思3-TEST1-passage2)-熟词僻义-对比There is philosophical question as to whether people should have to inhale others‟ smoke.- (剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage2)-同位语从句Antidotes to bacterial infection-词根猜词(剑桥雅思3-TEST1-passage3)If a prediction based on a hypothesis is fulfilled, then the hypothesis is confirmed as true. –逻辑猜词(剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage3)The…scientific method‟is more a way of descr ibing research than a way of doing it. –对比(剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage3)The writer‟s main purpose is to explain to Ph.D. students the logic which the scientific research paper follows –定语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 1-passage3)Research completed in 1982 found that in the United States soil erosion was almost as severe as in India and China-对比/宾语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage2)Research completed in 1982 found that in the United States soil erosion could be reduced by converting cultivated land to meadow or forest. –宾语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage2)By the mid-1980s, farmers in Denmark more than doubled the amount of pesticide and fertiliser they used in just 3 years. –对比(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage2)The writer refers to some rich countries as being “less enlightened” than New Zealand be cause their policies do not recognize the long-term benefit of ending subsidies. -对比(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage2)It would be a good idea to specify the role definitions of soldiers more clearly. (剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage3)表观点The decline in emphasis on marriage rituals should be reversed. –难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage3)A new headmaster of a school who enlarges his office and puts in expensive carpeting is using the office as a role sign.定语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage3)The wig which judges wear in UK courts is a role sign. 定语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 2-passage3)The department concentrates on collecting single unrelated objects of great value-难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage1)Many small-scale societies have survived and adapted in spite of predictions to the contrary-对比/难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST3-passage1)The hostility of the indigenous population to North American influences(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)复杂的名词性成分The influence of prehistoric inhabitants on Amazonian natural story复杂的名词性成分(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)The reason for the simplicity of the Indian way of life is that Amazonia has always unable to support a more complex society-同位语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)Most ecologists were aware that the areas of Amazonia they were working in had been shaped by human settlement. 表观点/定语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)The author believes recent discoveries of the remains of complex societies in Amazonia are the ruins of communities established since the European invasions. 难句/宾语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)The assumption that the tropical ecosystem of Amazonia has been created solely by natural forces has been shown to be incorrect by recent research. 同位语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)The application of our new insights into the Amazonian past would change present policies on development in the region. 难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 3-passage2)According to British research, a mere twelve per cent of vehicles tested produced over fifty per cent of total pollution produced by the sample group. 难句/定语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 4-passage1)It is currently possible to measure the pollution coming from individual vehicles whilst they are moving. 状语从句/难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 4-passage1)Charging drivers for entering certain parts of the city has been successfully done in Cambridge. 难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST4-passage1)How many pollutants currently exceed WHO guidelines in all megacities studied? 难句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 4-passage1) What is the main aspect of the suffragette movement‟s work to which the exhibition at the Museum of London is devoted? 难句/定语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 4-passage2)The experiment was designed to establish whether increased productivity should be sought at any cost. 宾语从句(剑桥雅思3-TEST 4-passage3)It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the “pure science” that they study at school. 主语从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage1)The fact that children‟s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them. 难句/同位语从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage1)The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at children‟s understanding of rainforests. 定语从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage1)Which of the responses is cited as unexpectedly uncommon, given the amount of time spent on the issue by the newspapers and television? 难一点的问句(剑桥雅思4-TEST1-passage1)The rainforests are being destroyed by the same things that are destroying the forests of Western Europe. 定语从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage1)The destruction of the rainforests is the direct result of logging activity. 难一点的简单句(剑桥雅思4-TEST1-passage1)The development of a program in environmental studies within a science curriculum 复杂的名词词组(剑桥雅思4-TEST1-passage1)The writer makes the point that blind people can recognize conventions such as perspective. 同位语从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 1-passage3)A set of word pairs was used to investigate whether blind and sighted people perceived the symbolism in abstract shapes in the same way. Subjects were asked which fitted best with a circle and which with a square. 难句(剑桥雅思4-TEST1-passage1)This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical isolation. But factors such as government initiatives and economic globalization are contributing to a huge decrease I the number of languages. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people‟s increasing appreciation o f their cultural identity. 难句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage1)Saving languages from extinction is not in itself a satisfactory goal. 难句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage1)In 1990, Americans consulted alternative therapists more often than doctors. –比较(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage2)The 1993 Sydney survey involved 289 patients who visited alternative therapists for acupuncture treatment. –从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage2)The number s patients visiting alternative therapists rose to include a further 8% of the population. –从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage2)The way play causes unusual connections in the brain which are beneficial-名词性从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage3)A description of the mental activities which are exercised and developed during play-名词性从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST2-passage3)The possible effects that a reduction in play opportunities will have on humans名词性从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage3)The classes of animals for which play is important名词性从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage3)There is a tendency for mammals with smaller brains to play less-名词性从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 2-passage3)Which of the following is mentioned by the writer as a reason why children end up living on the streets?从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 3-passage1)What are the sections of the earth‟s crust, often associated with volcanic activity, called? (剑桥雅思4-TEST 3-passage2)The length of time the process takes will affect the size of the corpus and linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the intuitions of those who speak the languages concerned. (剑桥雅思4-TEST 3-passage3)A belief that all the health-care resources the community needed would be produced by economic growth-名词从句(剑桥雅思4-TEST 4-passage3)Before the experiment took place the psychiatrists underestimated the teacher-subjects‟ willingness to comply with experimental procedure. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 1-passage2)The writer quotes from the worldwide fund for nature to illustrate how influential the mass media can be. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 1-passage3)The writer suggests that newspapers print items that are intended to meet their readers expectations. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 1-passage3)America‟s waste problem is not as important as we have been led to believe. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 1-passage3)The writer admits that global warming is a long-term challenge, but says that it will not have a catastrophic impact on our future, if we deal with it in the right way. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 1-passage2)Some plastics behave in a similar way to candlewax in that they melt under heat and can be molded into new forms. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage1)There were several reasons for the research into plastics in the 19th century, among them the great advances that had been made in the field of chemistry and the search for alternatives to natural resources like ivory. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage1)Which TWO of the following factors influencing the design of Bakelite objects are mentioned in the text?The ease with which the resin could fill the mold;The facility with which the object could be removed from the mold;The limitations of the materials used to manufacture the mold.(剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage1)Kant believed that a successful joke involves the controlled release of nervous energy. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage2)One of the brain‟s most difficult tasks is to respond instantly to whatever is happening. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage2)Scientific language allowed scientists to communicate with other socially privileged thinkers while protecting their work from unwanted exploitation. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage3)Sometimes the desire to protect ideas seems to have been stronger than the desire to communicate them, particularly in the case of mathematicians. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage3)Scientists worried that English had neither the technical vocabulary nor the grammatical resources to express their ideas. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage3)Although English was then overtaken by German, it developed again in the 19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolution. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage3)In 17th century Britain, leading thinkers combined their interest in science with an interest in how to express ideas. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage3)Children of uneducated, single parents scored less highly in areas such as reasoning and interacting with others. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 3-passage1)To deal with this, Stanley suggests the use of artificial floods in the short term, and increasing the amount of water available through desalination in the longer term. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 2-passage2)The fact that AI brings together a range of separate research areas. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 3-passage3)How AI could help deal with difficulties related to the amount of information available electronically. (剑桥雅思5-TEST3-passage3)In the late 1980s there was a feeling that original expectations of AI may not have been justified/a wide range of applications was close to fruition. (剑桥雅思5-TEST3-passage3)In DrLeake‟s opinion, the reputation of AI suffered as a result of premature implementation(剑桥雅思5-TEST 3-passage3)The low financial cost of setting up wilderness tourism makes it attractive to may countries. (剑桥雅思5-TEST 4-passage1)Government handouts do more damage than tourism does to traditional patterns of food-gathering. (剑桥雅思5-TEST4-passage1)。
雅思阅读voyageofgoing解析
雅思阅读voyageofgoing解析（原创版）目录1.雅思阅读的简介2."Voyage of Going" 的概述3.文章的结构和主旨4.文章的亮点和难点5.文章的解析和答案正文1.雅思阅读的简介雅思阅读是雅思考试的四个部分之一，主要测试考生的阅读理解和英语语言运用能力。
在雅思阅读中，考生需要阅读一篇或多篇文章，并回答相关问题。
这些问题包括事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等。
而"Voyage of Going" 就是一篇典型的雅思阅读文章。
2."Voyage of Going" 的概述"Voyage of Going" 是一篇关于旅行的文章，主要讲述了一次旅行的经历和感受。
文章通过描述旅行中的各种场景和事件，表达了旅行的意义和价值。
同时，文章还涉及到了旅行的准备和计划，为考生提供了实用的旅行建议。
3.文章的结构和主旨"Voyage of Going" 的结构清晰，主旨明确。
文章首先介绍了旅行的背景和动机，然后讲述了旅行的行程和经历，最后总结了旅行的感受和收获。
文章的主旨是探讨旅行的意义和价值，以及如何计划和进行一次成功的旅行。
4.文章的亮点和难点文章的亮点在于其生动的描述和丰富的内容。
作者通过详细的描绘和细腻的感受，让读者仿佛身临其境，感受到了旅行的乐趣和价值。
同时，文章还提供了实用的旅行建议，对考生的实际生活具有指导意义。
然而，文章的难点在于其较长的篇幅和复杂的句子结构。
这可能会对考生的阅读理解和答题速度造成挑战。
因此，考生需要通过练习和提高阅读能力，来应对这种情况。
5.文章的解析和答案对于 "Voyage of Going" 这样的雅思阅读文章，考生需要首先理解文章的主旨和结构，然后仔细阅读每个段落，找出答案所在的位置。
在回答问题时，考生需要准确理解问题的要求，并根据文章的内容进行推理和判断。
2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(443-444)讲义-高三英语一轮复习
一、长难句翻译1.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.2.To be narrower than a piece of A4, you need to have roughly a 25inch waist or less, which is much thinner than the 35inch average American waist, practically impossible for most human beings.二、长难句翻译解析1.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.【语法简析】非谓语动词dismissing...is easy【词汇精讲】1.Dismiss（超纲词）【记忆】dis+miss送→送出→解散She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post.她声称自己被无理免职。
2.conversation 对话It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary.2018年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解阅读D 原文更有可能的是，我们没有人开始交谈，因为这很尴尬，很有挑战性，或者我们认为这很烦人，没有必要。
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雅思备考技巧－－复杂句子分析(1)学会句子分析是提高阅读水平的关键之一。
阅读理解文章难的原因之一在于句子结构的复杂。
从近年ielts 考试的阅读理解文章上看，可以看出句子的两个特点：（1）句子较长，大多数句子都在20 个词以上，很多句子超过50 个词。
（2）句子结构复杂，结构复杂的简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句、多重复合句、被动句、倒装句、插入语等句型使用频繁，造成同学们理解上的困难，由于这些句型在ielts 阅读的文章中比较普遍，因此考前熟悉它们非常必要。
具体而言，按时间要求做完一套阅读题后，要从中挑一些又长有复杂的句子加以分析，学会抓主干。
这样，阅读速度和标准率就会提高。
句子结构分析的关键之一是抓主干。
对于复合句，抓主句；对于主句或比较复杂的简单主语和谓语。
抓主干，抓主句的主要意思，而对修饰成分先不特别注意，这是提高阅读速度的一个重要方法。
大家在看这些句子的中文译文的时候会发现这些译文并没有用标准的书面语言，而是按照英文的结构来翻译的。
因此有些翻译会显得生硬，但它与英文原文结构是一样的，这样是为了更有助于同学们理解英文原句的句子结构。
一．结构复杂的简单句如果句子只包含一个主谓结构，而句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，它就是简单句（不管句子是长是短）。
有的简单句并不简单，也很长，复杂的简单句包括：（1）分词及分词短语做定语、状语（2）动名词及动名词短语做主语、表语、宾语（3）不定式及不定式短语做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语（4）形容词短语做后置定语1．to resolve a dispute means to turn opposing positions into single outcome中文译文：解决一个冲突意味着把相反的各方变成一个单一的结果。
结构分析：不定式短语to resolve a dispute 做主语，谓语是means，不定式短语to turn opposinga positions into a single outcome 做宾语，其中分词opposing 是positions 的定语。
2．reconciling such interests is not easy中文译文：调和这种利益是不容易的。
结构分析：动名词短语reconciling such interests 做主语。
动名词短语做主语，谓语一般用单数。
3．it involves probing for deeply rooted concerns，devising creative solutions，and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed中文译文：它涉及到探究深层次的关注，想出有创造性的解决方案，以及当利益矛盾时，做出交易和妥协。
结构分析：这是一个简单句。
主语是it，谓语是involves，三个动名词短语做宾语（属于平行结构）。
在阅读中经常出现“a and b”或“a or b”的形式，其中a 与b 同义或近义，所以只要认识其中一个词就能猜测出另一个词的大致意思。
例如：trade-off and compromises。
4．the most common procedure for doing this is negotiation，the act of communication intended to reach agreement中文译文：做这件事最常用的方法是谈判，一种想要达成一致的交流的行为。
结构分析：过去分词短语intended to reach agreement 是the act of communication 的后置定语，the act of communication intended to reach agreement 是的同位语，对negotiation 进行解释。
5．in other words，seeing large pupils gives rise to larger pupils中文译文：换句话说，看大的瞳孔会引起更大的瞳孔。
结构分析：动名词短语做seeing large pupils 主语。
6 ．yet ，a father accepting responsibility for behavior problems is linked with positive outcomes中文译文：一个为行为问题负责的父亲是和正面的结果相联系的。
结构分析：accepting responsibility for behavior problems 是现在分词短语做father 的后置定语雅思备考技巧－－复杂句子分析(2)并列句及并列复合句如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，就是并列句。
并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接，最常见的是and 和but。
有时，一个并列句中的一个（或更多）分句，可能包含有一个（或更多）从句，这种句子称为并列复合句。
并列复合句句式复杂，是同学们阅读的难点。
对付并列句及并列复合句的方法是各个击破。
先抓住并列连词and 或but，识别出是并列句后，分别理解并列连词前后的句子。
1．noise generated by traffic on arterial roads and freeways is an increasing problem in australia and there is growing concern among highways authorities in australia about the limitations of some types of noise barriers which have been installed in this country.在澳大利亚，由主干道和快车道的交通所产生的噪音是一个日益严重的问题。
而且澳大利亚的高速公路主管部门也越来越关注已经安装在这个国家的一些噪音屏障的局限性。
结构分析：一个典型的并列复合句，并列连词and 连接两个句子，前一个句子是一个简单句，主语是noise，generated by traffic on arterial roads andfreeways 是过去分词短语做noise 的后置定语，后面的句子中有一个which 引导的定语从句。
2.however, low barriers are not effective and high timber barriers have become much more expensive.中文译文：然而，矮屏障无效，高屏障更昂贵。
结构分析：一般的并列句，and 连接两个简单句。
3．furthermore，fanwall is maintenance free and it is not susceptible to damage by fire and vandalism中文译文：而且，fanwall 是不需要维护的，而且它不易受到火灾和蓄意破坏。
结构分析：这是一般的并列句，and 连接两个简单句。
vandalism 是一个生词，但由于和fire 一起，fir and vandalism，所以应能猜出和火灾一样不好的东东，实际在考试中能理解成这样就可以了。
4．the parental role is central to the stress-related anxiety reported by employed mothers，and a major contributor to such stress is their taking a greater role in child care中文译文：工作母亲有和压力相关的焦虑，这种压力的主要原因是她们在照顾孩子反面起到更大的作用。
结构分析：是一个并列句，and 前后的句子都是一个简单句。
5．government have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time ，the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre中文译文：政府已经鼓励废纸回收和分类系统，而且，同时，造纸工业也通过开发新的回收技术做出了反应，这个回收技术为更大程度地利用使用过的纸铺平了道路。
结构分析：是并列句，前后都是一个简单句，后面的句子中有一个that 引导的定语从句做new recycling technologies 的定语，by 是介词，表示“通过……方式”的意思，后面常接动名词。
6．already，waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging ，and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper中文译文：废纸组成了用包装的纸张的70%。
而且从纸张中去掉墨水的技术进步已经充许了在新闻纸和书写用纸上的更高的回收满意度。
结构分析：是并列，and 前后都是一个简单句，但都不简单。
and 前面的简单句的谓语是constitutes，而不是used for，used for 是过去分词短语做paper 的后置定语，and 后面的句子的主语是advances，谓语动词have allowed，required to remove ink from the paper 不是谓语，而是过去分词短语做technology 的后置定语。
小窍门过去分词短语做后置定语在ielts 阅读中经常出现，因为形式相同，有时，容易理解为为谓（过去式），从而造成理解上的障碍。
怎么样区分动词加ed 形式是谓语（过去式），还是后置定语（过去分词短语）呢？有两种方法：（1）看它与前面的词是主动还是被动的关系。
是主动，则是谓语，过去式。
结果是被动的关系，则是后置定语，过去分词短语。
如上面例句中，paper used for packaging，纸张是被用于包装，所以used for packaging 与paper 是被动的关系，所以是过去分词短语做后置定语。