现在完成时讲解及练习[1]可用张广霞

Unit 14:现在完成时讲解

一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)

二．句型：

否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.

一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.

简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)

No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)

三．用法

（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)

My father has gone to work. (含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since （+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.

①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）

③since+时间段+ago ④since+从句（过去时）

Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since 1998.

四．现在完成时的标志

1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:

1. 以already(肯定句), yet,（否定，疑问）ever（疑问，肯定）, never（肯定）,before

（肯定，否定，疑问）,just（肯定）

He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。

He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。

He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。

He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。

2.in the last/past +时间段

He has worked here in the last two years

3. so far= up to now, by now（到如今，迄今为止）

He has learned 3000words so far. 到目前为止他已经学了3000个单词

五．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别

1. Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)

Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.

2.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）

My father has been to Shanghai.

3.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）

My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since

two minutes ago

六．某些非延续性动词，用在现在完成时中，表一段时间需变化。

come-have/has been leave-have/has been away open- have/has been open die- have/has been dead

buy- have/has had borrow- have/has kept

begin/start- have/has been on become- have/has been

join- have/has been a member of../been in..

现在完成时练习

一.用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空

1.______two years

2.____two years ago

3.___last month

4.______ 1999

5._______yesterday

6._______ 4 o’clock

7 -------- 4 hours 8._____an hour ago

9.___we were children 10._____ lunch time

11.____ she left he

12. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

13. Jack has _________ finished his homework.

14. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.

15. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”

16. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”

17. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.

18. I’ve known him ______ we were children.

19. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.

20. She has been away from the city ______ about ten year s

.二.用适当的时态填空：

1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.

2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.

3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.

4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).

5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there?

6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?

7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.