Metaphor_VS_Analogy_(Cai)
比喻的理解与表达PPT教学课件
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Money is the lens in a camera. 金钱就象照相机的镜头，能检验一个人
的不同品质。
A house divided against itself can’t stand.
团结就是力量 一根筷子易断，一把筷子难折 内部分裂的结局就是灭亡。 家庭纷争必然导致四分五裂。
他一定是从小就宠坏了。
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The kettle is boiling. 水开了。
The pen is stronger than the sword. 笔利于剑。/文优于武。 The grey hair should be respected. 老年人应当受到尊重。
2. She spoke hurriedly, as if her heart had leaped into her throat at the boy’s words. 她说的很快，好象那个男孩的话让他的心都 跳到嗓子眼上了。
3. With the quickness of a long cat, she climbed up into the nest of cool-bladed foliage. 她象猫一样“嗖嗖嗖”几步就爬到了用密密麻 麻树叶编织的鸟巢里。
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类比（analogy）
类比是就两种本质上不同的事物之间的 共同点加以比较。从结构上看，它常常 既有带比喻的明喻，又有直接把本体说 成喻体的隐喻；它是通过比喻手法的综 合运用来说明道理或情况。Alexander Pope曾用类比来说明人们的想法，看法 何以千差万别。
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常见的比喻词有：like, as, as if, as though, as…as, as…so, similar to, to bear a resemblance to, etc.
Metaphor concept
[edit] History in literature and language
Metaphor is present in the oldest written Sumerian language narrative, the Epic of Gilgamesh:
Beloved friend, swift stallion, wild deer, / leopard ranging in the wilderness — / Enkidu, my friend, swift stallion, wild deer, / leopard ranging in the wilderness — / together we crossed the mountains, together / we slaughtered the Bull of Heaven, we killed / Humbaba, who guarded the Cedar Forest — / O Enkidu, what is this sleep that has seized you, / that has darkened your face and stopped your breath?— (Trans. Mitchell, 2004)
* 3 In historical linguistics
* 4 Historical theories of metaphor
o 4.1 Metaphor as style in speech and writing
o 4.2 Metaphor as foundational to our conceptual system
* Per Hans Blumenberg’s metaphorology, absolute metaphor denotes a figure or a concept that cannot be reduced to, or replaced with solely conceptual thought and language. Absolute metaphors, e.g. “light” (for “truth”) and “seafaring” (for “human existence”) – have distinctive meanings (unlike the literal meanings), and, thereby, function as orientations in the world, and as theoretic questions, such as presenting the world as a whole. Because they exist at the pre-predicative level, express and structure pragmatic and theoretical views of Man and the World.
(完整word)20种英语修辞手法整理
Figure of Speech【整理自PPT】1。
Simile 明喻❖是比喻的一种，是对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现,且常带有比喻词，如：❖ Like/ seem / be something of / as /resemble/ comparable to /similar to / akin to/ be analogous to❖My love is like a red， red rose。
(Robert Burns)2。
Metaphor 暗喻❖对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比；所不同的是在形式上,暗喻中本体和喻体之间多通过Be 动词来联系.省掉比喻词.❖明喻：Life is like an unexplored river， full of twists and turns, great beauty and dangerous surprises .❖暗喻： Life is an unexplored river, full of twists and turns， great beauty， and dangerous surprises。
3. Personification 拟人❖本质上是一种暗喻，其特点是赋予非人类范畴的东西一些人的特征.❖The forest held its breath, and the trees seemed to listern intently.❖The sun kissed the green fields。
The thirsty desert drank up the water。
4。
Metonymy 借代/换喻❖是通过借用与某种事物密切相关的东西来表示该事物。
例如用单词word 来表示话语或者消息news，用硬币penny来表示钱 money。
❖Word comes that the Chinese government will send a pair of giant pandas to the United States。
Simile,Metaphor,Analogy
ing the comparatives of adjectives (no more …than, not …any more than)
1)He had no more idea of money than a cow. 2)The ruby(红宝石) shall be redder than a red rose.
1)He treated his daughter as the apple in eye.(他视他女儿为掌 上明珠)
Definition: A metaphor is an implied (暗指的) simile
A metaphor is a figure of speech in which two different things are compared without the use of the words “as, like, as…as, as though, as if”…(Another definition: A metaphor, like simile, also make comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike simile, this comparison is implied rather stated.)
Examples :
1. Using like or as
1)My heart(本体) is like a singing bird(喻体). 2)I( 本体) wondered lonely as a cloud(喻体).
2. Usinቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ A is to B what C is to D
1)The pen is to a writer what a gun to a hunter.
常见的修辞手法(Commonrhetoricaldevices)
常见的修辞手法( Common rhetorical devices ) Common rhetorical devicesA,metaphor1,concept:Metaphor is "analogy"". That is, a figure of speech in which two different things are similar to each other and use one thing as another.For example, the water of the leaves is high, like the skirt of the graceful girl dancers.Most of the time, cloud four, cengluan stacked cockroach.3, the role of metaphor:Changet he plain into vividness, the profundity into simplicity, the abstraction into concrete, and the transformation of brevity into brevity.B,analogy1,concept:Analogy is a rhetorical device that simulates a thing as a second thing. Including the things as the people to write (anthropomorphic); the people as to write (quasiphysical) and put it as another thing to write (quasi) forms. As a matter of fact, the former is to make things humanized, and the lattertwo are to make people materialized or to turn objects into objects".For example, a woman was sitting in the yard, fingers tangle with long soft Weimeizi, Weimeizi thin and fine, leaping in her arms.For example, the instructor speaks really well.3, the role of analogy:Vivid colors; depicting images; rich in meaning.C,hyperbole1, concept:An exaggeration is a need to achieve some expression, on the image of things, characteristics, effects, etc. to expand or shrink the rhetoric. For example, farmers have said: "see this fresh green Yin, can sniff out flour dumpling fragrance.3, the role of exaggeration:To reveal the essence, to give inspiration; to foil the atmosphere; to enhance the appeal; to strengthen the Association; to create atmosphere.E and duality 1, concept:Antithesis is a pair of phrases or sentences expressing two relative or similar meanings by means of a pair of phrases orsentences with equal number of words, same structure and symmetrical meaning.2,the role of duality:Easy to read, easy to remember; for poetry, music and beauty; ideographic concise, hearty lyric.F, parallelism1, concept:Parallelism is composed of three or more than three identical or similar structure, content, related evidence consistent phrases or sentences together, to enhance the language focus on content, aggravated feelings of rhetoric.For example: Yanan song it is the night of the torch, snow coal, drought in the rain.For example: the Eight Route Army wear sandals, the Japs back into the sea. The PLA men wear sandals, the Chiang Dynasty kick down. Now the eighth sandals, the fragrant mist on the limb.3,the role of parallelism:Enhance the momentum content, Tiaofenlvxi; narrative; penetrating, vivid rhythm and lyrical.H question 1, concept:Ask the question, answer, or propose rhetoric issues withoutanswer.The basic characteristics of the 2 question is "no doubt the question".3, the role of questioning: the purpose of attention, inspired thinking.Such as: the social productivity has such a huge development, labor productivity has improved greatly, what is it? The most important thing is the power of science and technology.G, ask (tag)1, concept:In order to strengthen the mood, the form of interrogative sentence is used to express the definite meaning of the meaning house, and the negative form is used to express the affirmation.For example, Jiang Zhuying said. It has been such a long trial run, he joined the volunteer, must wait until after the death of the ratification by the provincial Party committee to meet? (expressing negation in a positive form)What about me? Don't I have anything to blame? (yes, yes, yes)2,the role of rhetorical questions: strong tone, with indisputable strength; can stimulate the feelings of readers, readers deep impression.Punctuation is an indispensable part of written language,which is used to indicate pause, mood and the nature and function of words. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the use of punctuation marks.There are 15 kinds of commonly used punctuation, divided into dots and label.DotStopQuestion markExclamatory mark commaStop.semicoloncolonGradebrackets()[]DashesEllipsisTitle of book< >mark of emphasis A.Interval number A.hyphenAccount for twoTop left cornerTop right cornerEachEachAAccount for twoEvery latticeThree pointsAccount for twoUnder the standard wordStandard word roomOccupy one spaceA dotThe dot representation language (sentence) in pause, generally used in the sentence or the end of a sentence.1,full stopThe pause after the end of a sentence is usually used in the end of the sentence to express the mood.I'm from Hubei.China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. Go on yourself.2,question markAt the end of a sentence, the interrogative mood.To go or not?Did you eat?3.Wouldn't it be easy to do such an easy thing?Note: although some sentences have interrogative words "who", "what", "how" and so on, but the whole sentence is to express the interrogative sentence, but the declarative sentence, but at the end of the sentence can not use the question mark. Such as:What time to start, from where I can find a good car.The God who give you joy, wisdom, knowledge and happiness. Who killed the eagle, who eye be blind!3 exclamation markAt the end of a sentence expressing strong feelings.Striving for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!How do I go to Beijing to have a look?!Stop shooting!4,commaA general pause within a sentence.Taishan, called dai.It is said that there are more than 100 gardens in Suzhou, but only more than 10 places I've ever been to.(3) for this city, he is not strange.5,stop.A small pause between words or phrases that are juxtaposed in a sentence.The Amazon, the Nile, the Mississippi River and the Yangtze River are the four largest rivers in the world.Square is quadrilateral with four sides and four angles are right angles.The trees seem to be filled with peaches, apricots and pears.6,semicolonA pause between clauses in a compound sentence.Language, people used to express feelings; Chinese characters, people used to remember things.The bees in the brewing, but also in making life; not for themselves, but for others the most sweet life.Confucius, Sima Qian, Lu Xun is famous because they are the ages to come, for the national cultural treasure culture Tim wealth; Yue Fei, Zheng Chenggong's history, because they are the Chinese people left the great spirit of patriotism.7,colonThe pause after the prompt utterance is used to refer to the following.Comrades, friends: the meeting is now held.He was very surprised and said, "ah, it was you."! "The Forbidden City in Beijing has four gates: the Meridian Gate, north gate, Donghua gate and Xihua gate.Note: "so and so" uses colon before speech; in speech or after speech, colon is not used. Such as:The teacher said: "Li Bai is a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai's poetry has a lot of middle school textbooks. "The "Li Bai is a great poet in the Tang Dynasty," the teacher said, "many of Li Bai's poems in middle school textbooks. ""Li Bai is the Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai's poem, there are alot of middle school textbooks. "The teacher said.Two, labelThe properties and functions of labels to mark sentences.1quotation marksThe part of reference, the language of the characters, and the particular part. If you need quotation marks in double quotation marks, use single quotation marks.In the "the Great Northern Wilderness" now become "yumi".She said, comforting me, "you can rest assured that the doctor will come tomorrow morning.". "3.Wang said, "labor can exercise people." that's right. "Note: if the quotation is independent, the end of the quotation should be placed in quotation marks; if the quotation is the language part of the author, the end of the quotation does not need punctuation. Such as:The saying goes: "the world is difficult if you put your heart into it. "In order to get achievement, you should remain modest, "modesty makes people progress, proud people behind".2bracketsThe part of the note in the text, the contents of the brackets are generally not read out.The light is called the son of Heaven (Lark) suddenly from the grass straight up to the sky.We are not afraid of death, we have the spirit of sacrifice! We at any time as Mr. Lee, the front door step into the door, rear foot is not ready! (warm applause for a long time)Take the Snowman (his in snow and holomorph) plastic snow man needs appreciation.3dashA, table explanation, B, meaning progression, C, the turn of meaning, D, the interruption and extension of table language.The four great inventions of ancient China, paper making, gunpowder, printing, and compass, have made greatcontributions to the development of world history. (table explanation)He must put down the Scriptures, is about to cross Zhaoshibanfei, with envy, it's just a certain. (progression of meaning)He doesn't like traveling in the park unless he wants to showoff his new clothes. (turn of meaning)Fourth, we call affectionately in front of Tiananmen: week, total, reason (table language interruption, extension)4,ellipsisA, the omitted parts of the table; B, the table of speech intermittently; C, table words did not finish.She gently hum "Lullaby": "the clear moon, the wind, leaves cover the windows . " (the table omitted)2. "I sorry... Everybody, I... No... Finish..." mission. (staccato)3: (eagerly) dad, you5.Titles of booksSymbols of title, title, press name, document name, opera name and so on. The name of a single book is required in the title of the book.I love to see the four classical masterpieces of a dream of red mansions.Today, our class has a new song "you at the same table".Please go home and write a composition today. The topic is: reading the sense of "Thunderstorm".6,emphasis numberIt is a very important word in the text that needs to be emphasized. Subject to word.1. Choose one of the following Pinyin items that are not completely correct.Revolution March to science March - comrades, that's what we need right now.Naturally, since the invention of fascism in the west, they have begun to be chinese.7,interval numberUsed in the month, the day, transliteration of the name, surname,or a book title and Title between. Standard word room.This is a shocking event 129.The Communist advocacy is Karl Max.Students, we come to learn a new text: Autumn Fu / Beach midsummer night.8,connection numberTable connection related time, people, things, things, numbers, etc., accounting for the location of a word, the word between.China has been established for 55 years (1949-2004).This is a direct train from Beijing to Shanghai.The human development can be divided into four stages - - - the new ape ape.One。
(完整版)英语中的修辞手法
英语中的修辞手法1.明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
例如：●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushedsintoshis wrinkled face.●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上，像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。
)●Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。
）I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。
)2.暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。
例如：●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆，父母该怎么办呢？)形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。
●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风，而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。
Metaphor
• 隐喻是从一个概念域（conceptual domain 或称认知域cognitive）向另一个概 念域和认知域的结构映射，即从“始发域” （source domain）向“目的域”（target domain）的映射。即是说，一个范畴赖以 得到解释的概念域是用另一个概念域来解
释的。比如我们把“垂直”概念域映射 “数量”概念域，就会得到“Price may rise up/go up/skyrocket”这样的隐喻句。
• “computer virus”可以给电脑爱好者提供对 付电脑病毒的思维模式，去避免电脑病毒 乃至帮助找出消除电脑病毒的办法。
• 丹麦著名物理学家Niels Bohr 通过观察研究 发现电子绕原子核运行，恰似行星绕太阳 运行一样，于是在此基础上使用隐喻“The atom is a (miniature) solar system”建立了 “原子结构理论( atomic structure theory) ”。
• “看文字, 须是如猛将用兵, 直是鏖战一阵。”
• “（看文字）如酷吏治狱, 直是推勘到底, 决是不恕 他, 方得。”
• “看文字, 正如酷吏之用法深刻, 都没人情, 直要 做到底。 若只恁地等闲看过了, 有甚滋味！ 大凡 文字有未晓处, 须下死工夫, 直要见得道理是自家 底, 方住。”
• “看文字如捉贼, 须知道盗发处, 自一文以上赃罪 情节, 都要勘出。 若只描摸个大纲, 纵使知道此人 是贼, 却不知何处做贼。”
义阵营正在获得越来越多的支持,人们试图通过研究隐喻(尤 其是业已积淀为语言中极普通的表达方式的某些基本隐喻即
rootmetaphors)揭示语言的起源、发展和使用乃至人类认识 和智能发展的奥秘。
• A. 光阴流似水。（元稹诗） • B. 鬓发茎茎白，光阴寸寸流。（白居易） • C. 1997年快过去了，1998年就要来了。
analogy类型的单词
analogy类型的单词
本文将介绍一些常见的analogy类型单词，这些单词通常用于比喻和类比语言中。
1. Metaphor (隐喻): 指的是用一个词或短语来代表另一个词或短语，这个比喻并不是字面上的意思，而是要通过联想来理解它的真正含义。
例如，“他是一只狮子”中的“狮子”表示的是他的勇气和力量。
2. Simile (明喻): 与Metaphor类似，但使用了“像”或“好像”的词语来表示两个事物之间的相似之处。
例如，“她的头发像一团火焰”中的“像一团火焰”表示她的头发的颜色和形状。
3. Analogy (类比): 一种通过比较两个事物的相似之处来解释或说明一个概念或现象的方法。
例如，“学习就像做饭，需要耐心和技巧”中的“学习”和“做饭”之间的相似性是需要耐心和技巧。
4. Allegory (寓言): 一种使用故事来代表某些思想、价值观或历史事件的方法。
例如，“动物庄园”这本书就是一部寓言，通过动物的形象来揭示人性的弱点和社会政治的问题。
5. Parable (比喻故事): 一种通过短小的故事来阐述某些道理或价值观的方法。
例如，“失去的儿子”这个比喻故事，讲述了一个父亲为了教育儿子而让他失去了最宝贵的东西，以此来说明人生的真正价值和意义。
以上就是几种常见的analogy类型单词，它们在日常生活和文学作品中都有广泛的应用。
了解这些单词的含义和用法，可以帮助我们
更好地理解比喻和类比语言，也可以让我们更好地理解和表达自己的想法。
(完整word版)Metaphor暗喻言说
Metaphor暗喻言说Metaphor lives a secret life all around us.暗喻奥密地生活在我们中间。
We utter about six metaphors a minute.于我们的言谈中，每分钟大概会出现六个暗喻。
Metaphorical thinking is essentialto how weunderstand ourselves and others,暗喻思想是一把钥匙，它能够开启我们互相理解how we communicate, learn, discover and invent .交流、学习、发现和创新的大门。
But metaphor is a way of thought before it is a way with words.第一，暗喻是一种思想方式。
Now, to assist me in explaining this, I've enlisted the help of one of our greatest philosophers,为了说明这一点，我讨教了一位今世最伟大的哲学家，the reigning king of the metaphorians, a man whose contributions to the fieldare so great thathe himself has become a metaphor.当权的暗喻皇帝，一位因其对暗喻学的巨大贡献而自己成了一位暗喻的人物。
I am, of course, referring to none other than Elvis Presley.自然，我指的不是他人，正是猫王埃尔维斯- 普雷斯利。
Now, "All Shook Up" is a great love song.好，《魂不守舍》（意即整个人都被摇动了）是一首经典情歌。
常见修辞手法及作用1
常见修辞手法及作用1The common rhetorical methods are: metaphor, metonymy, analogy, hyperbole, antithesis, parallelism, rhetorical question, rhetorical question.(1) metaphor. It is a rhetorical device used to describe another abstract, abstruse, unfamiliar thing or situation with a specific, simple, familiar thing or situation. Simile, metaphor, metonymy, metaphor has three forms. Simile: a form can be abbreviated as (body) (such as words like, like, like, like, if still, b) (Yu Ti). The form can be abbreviated as Metaphor: A is (words:,,,, as into become into B). Simile is similarity in form, metaphor is congruence between. Metonymy: only Yu, ontology and metaphor are not there. Such as: brambling yasutomo lofty ambition!Function: to express the content vividly, concretely, and vividly. Give people a deep and vivid image, and make the reasoning more thorough.(2) metonymy. Don't speak directly to a person or thing to say, but to borrow the name has a close relationship with the people or things to replace, such as a part for the whole; with a specific abstraction; feature generation ontology; with proper names known as generation etc..Effect: it can lead people to associate, the image is prominent, vivid, concrete, and make the characteristic more distinct. Such as:Do not take from the masses. (all stitch generation propertyof the masses)Don't mess. ("mess" generation of abstract "equalitarianism")The gray beard sitting in the corner of tobacco. (gray beard is characteristic of the body)Tens of thousands of Lei Feng are active on the land of our motherland. ("Lei Feng" represents Abstract communism with concrete images.)(3) comparison. A figure of speech in which a person is written as a thing or a thing as a person. The former is called a quasi - object, and the latter is called personification.Role: make concrete things personification, language vivid, image. Such as:A man can neither raise his tail nor his tail. (imitation) The wax torch ashes tears. (personification)(4) exaggeration. A rhetorical device used to enlarge or reduce the image, character, function, degree, etc of a thing.Function: to reveal the essence of things, to foil atmosphere, to cause Association, to make things expressed more prominent and more distinct.Such as:White hair three thousand feet, edge worry like a long. ("three thousand Zhangs" for exaggeration)Sesame seed big thing, do not have to heart. ("sesame seeds" is a narrowing of Kua Zhang)(5) contrast. It is the method that compares two things or two aspects of the same thing simultaneously.Role: can make language bright colors, things of nature, features and more prominent.First, the world worries and worries, after the world of music and joy.The zhumenjiurouchou way of dying.(6) duality. A pair of phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure and equal number of words are arranged symmetrically to express relative or similar meanings.The main role is neat, symmetrical, strong sense of rhythm, highly summarized, there is music beauty.Such as:The Pride hurts, modesty benefits.The thousand pointing fingers, willing ox bow.I want to be poor for a thousand miles and get on the next floor.(running water pair)The inside and outside the Great Wall, but more than vast, up and down the river, is stilled from end to end. (fan facing)(7) parallelism. A method of combining phrases, sentences, or sentences that have the same or similar structure or similarity and a consistent mood (usually three or more than three).Role: to enhance language momentum, deepen ideological content,Enhance the persuasiveness and appeal of the article.Such as:But it was a few times out of my surprise. One is that the authorities was so cruel, a rumor is the home under the sink so bad, one is Chinese women to date that such is the calm.(8) repeated. A method of repetition of the same word or sentence according to the need of expression. Repetition can occur either continuously or at intervals.Effects: highlighting ideas, emphasizing feelings, and sometimes strengthening the sense of rhythm.Such as:March forward with the enemy's fire, move forward, move forward!Where does the enemy attack, we want it to perish, where does the enemy attack, and where do we destroy it?.(9) irony. That is to say "Ironic" - in fact, to express the meaning and the literal meaning is the opposite. Such as: "Friends of the people" can not be "surprised", please rest assured that to carve up.(10) rhetorical question. It is in the form of doubt to express the definite meaning, so there is no need to answer.Role: strengthen the tone and stimulate the reader's feelings to impress the reader.Such as: don't miss high school teacher and riding a bicycle thing? ("man in a case")(11 questions). To highlight what is said, use it as a form of questioning.The function is to remind people to pay attention to, cause to think, highlight some content.Such as: the seven people who have? Not others, the original is Chao Gai Wu, Gongsun Sheng, Liu Tang, Ruan, three. Ask the question and answer.In addition, appeared in the textbook of rhetoric methods there are more citations, pun, thimble (or "bead"), apostrophe, reduplication, paradox, synaesthesia, euphemism, euphemismetc..Chinese common sensePart oneTwo language types: spoken and written.Two kinds of demonstration methods: argument, split.Two kinds of language: plain and vivid.Two kinds of types: Affairology exposition exposition, exposition of things.Two kinds of environmental description: natural environment description - Foil people mood, rendering atmosphere.Description of social environment -- interpreting the background of the times.Two forms of argument: fact, argument, argument.Second partThree kinds of feelings: commendatory, derogatory, neutral.The three elements of the novel: characters (depending on whether they can represent the main characters), plot (beginning / development / climax / end), environment (natural environment / social environment)Three elements of Argumentation: argument, argument, argument.The structure of argumentative writing is composed of three parts: putting forward questions (Introduction), analyzing questions and solving problems.Three instructions order: temporal order, spatial order, and logical order.Three principles of language use: conciseness, coherence and appropriateness.Third partFour literary genres: fiction, poetry, drama, prose.The four demonstration methods are examples, arguments, arguments and comparisons.The four uses of sentences are declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences.The plot of the novel consists of four parts: the beginning, the development, the climax and the ending.Four sequential narrative: narration, flashback, narration, supplemented.Four uses of quotation marks: table reference, table, satire or negationTable specific title; emphasis or emphasis on tableFourth partFive ways of expression: narration, description, description, lyric and discussion.Five uses of dashes: table annotation, table insertion, table sound interruption, continuation, table topic conversion, meaning progressionFifth partSix methods of illustration: example, analogy, comparison, column numbers, categories, definitions.Six logical order: total vs. the essence of the phenomenon of sub vs. reason vs. the results include generous vs. specific part of the overall vs. the main vs. secondaryThe six elements of a narrative: time, place, character, event, cause, process, and result.Six kinds of characters are described: Portrait description, language description, action description, psychological description, detail description and expression description.Six sentence types: the improper collocation of the components of incomplete Related words improper use of the contradictions and the misuse of improper word order word (preposition)Six kinds of ellipsis usage: table of contents omitted the table the table for robbing the vernacular language off the table and not said conflicted table the table thinking is thinking of jumpingSix kinds of writing techniques: symbol, contrast and foil (bedding), reference (echo), direct (indirect) description, trochees.First, what are the features and functions of paragraph writing?The writing features of paragraphs refer to the distinctive features of the paragraph in terms of writing skills, including the characteristics of the technique, the features of the structure and the characteristics of language use. The function of a paragraph refers to the role that paragraph plays in the structure of the text (e.g., general, transitional, anaphoric, general) The use of the technique and the function of expressing ideas, emotions, attitudes, etc..Two, analysis of paragraph writing features and methods of action1, combining the accumulated writing and reading knowledge at the same time, comparing the writing methods used in this paragraph and the articles used at ordinary times, and analyzing their characteristics.2. Compare the paragraph with the writing methods used in therest of this article to analyze its features.3, from the expression of the analysis of the role of the paragraph.4, from the structure of the article analysis of the role of paragraph.Three, analysis of paragraph writing features and functions should pay attention to1, must read through and delve into the full text, understand the main thrust of the article.2, we must grasp the structure of the article comprehensively and systematically.3, must have related knowledge reserves (such as common rhetoric and its expression effect, expression and effect, writing methods and their role, structure, function, expression mode, etc.). Here only the paragraph structure, function, expression pattern is as follows brief description:In the first section: the opening theme; reference topic; summarized the whole text; rendering the atmosphere, foreshadowing; suspense, foreshadow for the following.In this section: the nexus; chief below; summarized above corresponds.In the end: pointing to the center; the catharsis, deepen thetheme; take care of the beginning, strict structure; improved; words have meaning and endless.。
Metaphor
Metaphor, Simile and Analogy: What’s the Difference?Now that we know metaphors can be powerful persuasion tools, let’s make sure everyone is on the same page from a definitional standpoint. Common sources of confusion for the metaphorically inclined include the simile and the analogy.While all three are closely related, it’s smart to understand the differences. The distinctions among metaphors, similes and analogies will also help to underscore why you may want to use one and not the other in certain situations.Let’s take a look at definitions:MetaphorA metaphor is a figure of speech that uses one thing to mean another and makes a comparison between the two. The key words here are “one thing to mean another.” So, when someone says “He’s become a shell of a man,” we know not to take this literally, even though it’s stated directly as if this person had actually lost his internal substance.SimileA simile compares two different things in order to create a new meaning. In this case, we are made explicitly aware that a comparison is being made due to the use of “like” or “as” (He’s like a shell of a man). For fun, the next time someone corrects yo u and says “That’s a simile, not a metaphor,” you can respond by letting them know that a simile is a type of metaphor, just like sarcasm is a type of irony. Resist the urge to be sarcastic in your delivery.AnalogyAn analogy is comparable to metaphor and simile in that it shows how two different things are similar, but it’s a bit more complex. Rather than a figure of speech, an analogy is more of a logical argument. The presenter of an analogy will often demonstrate how two things are alike by pointing out shared characteristics, with the goal of showing that if two things are similar in some ways, they are similar in other ways as well.Why metaphor?There are circumstances where either a simile or analogy is the more appropriate vehicle for getting your point across. But coming up with a great metaphor may be your best bet in many situations.A metaphor carries so much more power than a simile, because it’s direct. Using “like” or “as” to make an open comparison will often diminish the vivid visual you’re trying to paint in the reader’s mind. Likewise, a spot-on metaphor will spark instant understanding for a reader, without the elaboration that an analogy requires.From here we’ll examine specific ways to use metaphor in your blog posts. Headlines, openings, themes, calls to action and more can all benefit from the use of metaphor, as long as the metaphors don’t suck. We’ll look at ways to avoid that, too.。
Metaphor与Analogy的对比学习解读
Metaphor
Varieties of Metaphor--Sustained metaphor 博喻
A comparison between two unlike things that continues through a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem.
4.[Preposition phrase ] types A policeman waved me out of the snake of traffic and
flagged me to stop. (一位警察招手, 要我从长蛇阵般的车流中出来， 并招
呼我停下.)
The stone shaped as a kitten with crystal eyes. (石头形如小猫，眼似水晶. )
……第五次闪电又发作了, 这闪电象蛇一样蜿蜒游动, 爆发出 魔鬼的嘶喊。电光象翠玉一祥碧绿, 回响震耳欲聋。
Metaphor
Beauty is but a vain and doubtful good, A shining gloss that vadeth suddenly; A flower that dies when first it begins to bud; A brittle glass that’s baphor
5.[Sentence] types He is as poor as a church mouse, and a church mouse like him eats like a horse. (他一贫如洗，赤贫的他又特别能吃.)
(完整版)英语修辞法18种
姓名:韩茹月班级：英语2班学号：20125061228英语修辞法18种1。
明喻 (Simile)明喻是指为了鲜明地刻画某一事，将具有某种共同特征的两种事物加以对比。
它由本体、喻体和比喻词组成。
常用的比喻词有as、like、as if、as though、as.。
. as、similar to、to bear a resemblance to等等.明喻能使深奥的哲理变得浅显易懂。
A man without religion is like a horse without a bridle.人无信仰,犹如马无缰绳.Fire is as hurtful as healthful。
火能成灾，也能造福。
Use a book as a bee does flowers.读书如蜜蜂采蜜。
Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit.没有学识的机智犹如没有果实的树.Beauty without virtue is like a rose without scent.美而无德犹如花无香味。
2。
暗喻 (Metaphor)暗喻亦称为“隐喻”，它同明喻一样，也是在两个不同类对象之间进行比喻,区别在于：明喻把本体和喻体说成是相似的,而暗喻则把两者说成是一致的；明喻中有比喻词，而暗喻中不用比喻词。
A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever.好书如相伴终生的挚友。
A dwarf on a giant’s shoulders sees the farther of the two.侏儒站在巨人的肩上，会看得更远。
Fire is a good servant but a bad master。
火是忠仆，用之不慎成灾主。
A word spoken is an arrow let fly。
出口的话如同离弦的箭。
metonymyandmetaphor（转喻和隐喻）
metonymy and metaphor（转喻和隐喻）转喻一词来源于希腊语，意为改个名字（改变名称）。
它是英语修辞学中最常见的辞格之一。
Webster第三新国际词典对的定义比较宽泛：转喻修辞，包括使用一个事物的名字，其他的东西与它有关。
（是一种修辞格其构成是转喻，转喻，用一个事物的名称代替与它相关的另一个事物的名称。
）在汉语中通常被译为借代，也有译为换喻、转喻的。
汉语辞海对借代的定义是：甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有不可分离的关系，利用这种关系，以乙事物来代替甲事物的，叫借代。
不管是英语中的转喻，还是汉语中的借代，都不需要把两类事物相比，它们利用的是两个事物间的联系或相关性（连接），而不是相似性（相似性）。
一般可把转喻分为九类：（一）以容器代替其内容（对事物的容器中）1。
他是个健壮的小家伙，虽然从小就被养大。
2。
壶开了。
例1中用瓶代替瓶里的牛奶。
例2中用壶代替壶里的水。
（二）用人体器官代替功能（其功能的人体器官）1。
他喜欢音乐会，因为他对音乐很有欣赏力。
2。
不知道路，你没长舌头呀！例1用代替欣赏音乐的能力例2用舌头代替说话的能力耳。
（三）用工具代替动作的实施者（为代理仪器）1。
笔的力量胜过刀剑。
2。
口诛笔伐（成语）例1用笔代替文人，剑代替武人或动武者。
例2用口代替语言工具，用笔代文字工具。
（四）用人名代替其作品或产品（为工作或产品的人的名字）1。
我从未读过莎士比亚。
2。
多读点马列。
例1用莎士比亚代替莎士比亚的作品，例2用马列代替马克思列宁主义。
（五）用事物的特征代替所指事物（指的是事物的特征）1。
白发应受到尊重。
2。
看，那个蓝眼睛来了。
1用代例白发老人。
例2用蓝眼睛代蓝眼睛的人。
（六）用人或事物代替它的特征（的人或事物的特征）还有他多的男生。
本例中用男生代学生气。
（七）用活动的场所代替事物和人（对人或事物的活动场所）1。
五角大楼还没有做出明确的决定。
2。
一人有难，八方支援。
例1中用五角大厦代领导人员在那里工作。
高效的销售培训5个关键点
高效的销售培训5个关键点销售培训是提高销售人员业务水平和销售业绩的重要手段。
在培训中，我们应该注意哪些关键点，才能让销售培训更加高效呢？以下是五个关键点：1. 建立正确的销售观念销售观念是指销售人员对销售工作所持有的认知和看法。
正确的销售观念可以帮助销售人员树立正确的职业态度和工作动力，提高自信心和信心。
因此，在销售培训中，要引导销售人员建立积极向上的销售态度和公正诚信的商业道德，加强百折不挠的毅力和顽强的拼搏精神，让销售人员在激烈的市场竞争中始终保持抱有希望、充满活力的状态。
2. 加强销售技能培训销售技能是指销售人员在销售过程中需要掌握的技巧和方法，例如开局说法、谈判技巧、客户管理、沟通能力等。
只有拥有一套完整的销售技能才能顺利地达到销售目标。
因此，在销售培训中，要加强销售技能的培养和训练，帮助销售人员掌握科学、有效的销售技能。
比如：在销售技能培训中，可以通过销售案例分析、互动分享、实操演练等方式帮助销售人员进行实用技能的训练。
3. 制定个性化的销售计划针对不同的销售人员，其销售能力和表现是不同的，需要制定个性化的销售计划。
个性化的计划对于实现销售目标、推进销售活动十分重要。
在制定计划时，要考虑销售人员的实际工作经验和经营能力，充分发掘每一个销售人员的优势和潜力，制定出适合他们的个性化的销售计划。
而在销售培训过程中，可以通过针对销售计划的普及和追踪，进一步引导销售人员树立“能力胜过计划，计划胜过执行”的理念，在更高效的销售计划推进过程中提高个人能力表现。
4. 加强顾客管理培训成功的销售不仅仅是业务目标的实现，还包括服务好顾客，不断满足顾客需求、提高顾客忠诚度。
因此，销售人员要加强顾客管理能力的提升，关注顾客的需求，提供更好的服务体验。
在培训过程中，可以阐述：“客户第一”的理念和应对客户问题的方法，加强销售人员对顾客管理和服务的意识和工作技巧的掌握，增加销售成功的几率。
5. 加强销售团队协作个人的销售能力是重要的，但团队的协作也是推动销售工作的关键因素。
英语修辞手法大全(免费下载)
英语修辞手法（English rhetoric）1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality weassociate with one to the other 明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. 隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.3) Analogy: (类比）由两个对象的某些相同或相似的性质，推断它们在其他性质上也有可能相同或相似的一种推理形式。
比兴手法的小英语作文一百字
比兴手法的小英语作文一百字Metaphor and Analogy in English Literature.Metaphor and analogy are two closely related literary devices used to create vivid imagery and make abstract concepts more concrete. Both techniques draw parallels between two things, but they do so in different ways.Metaphor.A metaphor is a figure of speech that directly equates two things without using the words "like" or "as." For example, the statement "Her eyes were fire" is a metaphor that compares the woman's eyes to fire. This comparison suggests that the woman's eyes are bright, warm, and perhaps even dangerous.Metaphors can be used to create a variety of effects, such as:Highlighting similarities: Metaphors can help to highlight similarities between two things that may not seem to be related at first glance. For example, the metaphor "Life is a journey" suggests that life is a process of growth and change, just like a journey.Creating vivid imagery: Metaphors can create vivid images in the reader's mind. For example, the metaphor "Her heart was a stone" suggests that the woman is cold and unfeeling.Expressing emotions: Metaphors can be used to express emotions in a powerful way. For example, the metaphor "I am drowning in sorrow" suggests that the speaker is overwhelmed by grief.Analogy.An analogy is a comparison between two things that are similar in some respects but different in others. For example, the statement "Life is like a box of chocolates" is an analogy that compares life to a box of chocolates.This analogy suggests that life is full of surprises, just like a box of chocolates.Analogies can be used to create a variety of effects, such as:Explaining complex concepts: Analogies can help to explain complex concepts by comparing them to something that is more familiar. For example, the analogy "The atom is like a solar system" helps to explain the structure of an atom by comparing it to something that is easier to understand.Making abstract concepts more concrete: Analogies can help to make abstract concepts more concrete by comparing them to something that is more tangible. For example, the analogy "Love is like a flower" helps to make the abstract concept of love more concrete by comparing it to something that can be seen and touched.Persuading: Analogies can be used to persuade people to agree with a particular point of view. For example, theanalogy "Taxes are like a necessary evil" suggests that taxes are something that is unpleasant but necessary.Metaphor and analogy are two powerful literary devices that can be used to create a variety of effects. By understanding how these devices work, you can use them to improve your own writing.。
高中英语作文高级表达与修辞手法运用练习题30题
高中英语作文高级表达与修辞手法运用练习题30题1.The clouds are like cotton balls in the sky.Is it a metaphor? Yes.Analysis: This sentence uses a metaphor. It compares clouds to cotton balls. The purpose is to vividly describe the appearance of clouds by using a familiar object (cotton balls) to help readers better understand and imagine the shape and softness of clouds.2.The sun is a golden ball.Is it a metaphor? Yes.Analysis: Here, the sun is compared to a golden ball. This metaphor makes the description of the sun more vivid and specific, highlighting its color and round shape.3.The wind howled like a wild animal.Is it a metaphor? No. This is a simile.Analysis: Although it contains a comparison, it uses “like” which makes it a simile rather than a metaphor. A metaphor directly states that one thing is another thing without using “like” or “as”.4.The tree is a giant umbrella.Is it a metaphor? Yes.Analysis: This sentence compares a tree to a giant umbrella. It helps to describe the shape and function of the tree, providing shade just like an umbrella.5.The river is a silver ribbon.Is it a metaphor? Yes.Analysis: The river is compared to a silver ribbon. This metaphor emphasizes the color and smoothness of the river.6.The stars are diamonds in the sky.Is it a metaphor? Yes.Analysis: Stars are compared to diamonds. This highlights their sparkle and beauty.7.The mountain is a sleeping giant.Is it a metaphor? Yes.Analysis: The mountain is described as a sleeping giant. This gives the mountain a sense of grandeur and mystery.8.The flower is a colorful jewel.Is it a metaphor? Yes.Analysis: The flower is compared to a colorful jewel. This emphasizes its beauty and preciousness.9.The book is a treasure chest of knowledge.Is it a metaphor? Yes.Analysis: The book is likened to a treasure chest of knowledge. This shows the value and abundance of knowledge that a book contains.10.The city is a beehive of activity.Is it a metaphor? Yes.Analysis: The city is compared to a beehive. This suggests that the city is full of busy and productive activity, just like a beehive is full of busy bees.11.The wind whispered through the trees. In this sentence, “whispered” is an example of _____.A.metaphorB.personificationC.simileD.alliteration答案：B。
Analogy,simile,metapor的对比
5.写作上的应用
• 实际上我们很多的情况下再无话可说的时候都可以运用类比。 • When comes to the issue of empowerment 1. This point can be better illustrated by comparing a class（你熟悉 的） with a business（你不熟悉的). 然后business bla bla… 2.Teachers who possess power and exert it to conduct class play a similar role as business managers do. 然后，只讨论课堂不讨论商业了。 例如： Student who is granted/ given/ empowered/ endowed……… are more motivated… power are not rightly supervised and restricted and the class get out of control will lead to/ result in/ turn into/ prove to be flop/ fiasco/ blunder/failure/ catastrophe…
2）A is to B what C is to D (or: A to B is what C is to D, or what C is to D, A is to B) ①Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers. ②The man who cannot be trusted is to society what a bit of rotten timber is to a house.