A Report on Vending Machines
大学英语2019年12月四级真题第3套(1)
2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, .you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a campus activity that has benefited you most. You should write at least120 words but No more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) （说明：由于2019年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现）Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage: Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words inthe bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.For decades, Americans have taken for granted the United States’leadership position in the development of new technologies. The innovations (创新) that resulted from research and development during World War II and afterwards were 36 to the prosperity of the nation in the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of 37 society now depend, were possible because the United States then 38 the world in mathematics and science education. Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the 39 of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing.The decline in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math) seems to be 40 related to the comparatively weak performance by U.S. schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business-Higher Education Forum, 22 percent ofcollege freshmen must take remedial (补习的) math 41 , and less than half of the students who plan to major in science or engineering 42 complete a major in those fields.The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills, 43 in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront (前沿) of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the 44 performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn 45 in the STEM disciplines in developing countries than in the United States.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraphis marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Ban Sugary Drinks—That Will Add Fuel to the Obesity War[A] On a train last Thursday, I sat opposite a man who was so fat he filled more thanone seat. He was pale and disfigured and looked sick to death, which he probably was: obesity(肥胖症) leads to many nasty ways of dying. Looking around the carriage, I saw quite a few people like him, including a couple of fatty children with swollen cheeks pressing against their eyes. These people are part of what is without exaggeration an epidemic (流行病) of obesity.[B] But it is quite unnecessary: there is a simple idea—far from new—that couldspare millions of such people a lifetime of chronic (长期病) ill health, and at the same time save the National Health Service (NHS) at least £14 billion a year inEngland and Wales. There would, you might think, be considerable public interest in it. This simple idea is that sugar is as good—or as bad—as poison and should be avoided. It is pure, white and deadly, as Professor John Yudkin described it 40 years ago in a revolutionary book of that name. The subtitle was How Sugar Is Killing Us.[C] In its countless hidden forms, in ready meals, junk food and sweet drinks, sugarleads to addiction (瘾), to hormonal upsets to the appetite, to metabolic (新陈代谢的) malfunctions and obesity and from there to type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) and its many horrible complications. If people really grasped that, they would try to kick the habit, particularly as Britain is the “fat man of Europe”. They might even feel driven to support government measures to prevent people from consuming this deadly stuff. Yet so far this idea has met little but resistance.[D] It is not difficult to imagine the vested interests (既得利益集团) lined up againstany sugar control—all the food and drink manufacturers, processors, promoters and retailers who make such easy pickings out of the magic powers of sugar.Then there are the liberals, with whom I would normally side, who protest that government regulation would be yet another instance of interference in our lives.[E] That is true, but people should realise that you cannot have a welfare state withouta nanny state (保姆国家), to some degree. If we are all to be responsible for oneanother’s health insurance, through socialised medicine, then we are all closely involved in one another’s health, including everyone’s eating and drinking. That has already been admitted, finally, with smoking. But it has yet to be admitted with overeating, even though one in four adults in this country is obese and that number is predicted to double by the year 2050. Quite apart from anything else, obesity will cripple the NHS.[F] Recently, though, there have been signs that the medical establishment is trying tosound the alarm. Last month the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges (AMRC) published a report saying that obesity is the greatest public health issue affecting the UK and urging government to do something.[G] The report offers 10 recommendations, of which the first is imposing a tax of 20percent on sugary drinks for at least a year, on top of the existing 20 percent value-added tax. That at least would be an excellent start. The amounts of sugarin soft drinks are horrifying, and turn straight to fat. As Professor Terence Stephenson, head of the AMRC, has said, sugary soft drinks are “the ultimate bad food. You are just consuming neat sugar. Your body didn’t evolve to handle this kind of thing.”[H] Precisely. The risks of eating too much fat or salt (which are very different) paleinto insignificance compared with the harm done by sugar. And it is everywhere.[I]It is difficult to buy anything in a supermarket, other than plain, unprepared meat,fish or vegetables, that doesn’t have a large amount of sugar in it. This has come about because the prevailing scientific views of the 1960s and 1970s ignored the evidence about sugar, and instead saw fat as the really serious risk, both to the heart and other organs, as well as the cause of obesity.[J] The fashion was to avoid fat. But finding that food with much of its fat removed is not very appetising, food producers turned to sugar as a magic alternative flavour enhancer, often in the forms of syrups (糖浆) that had recently been developed from corn, and put it generously into most prepared foods and soft drinks.[K] This stuff is not just fattening. It is addictive. It interferes with the body’s metabolism, possibly via the activity of an appetite-controlling hormone. There’s plenty of evidence for this, for those who will accept the troth.[L] Theoretically, people ought to make “healthy choices” and avoid overeating. But sugar additives are not easy to identify and are hard to avoid. So the snacking, over-drinking and over-eating that makes people fat is not really their own fault: obesity is in large part something that is being done to them. It should be stopped, or rather the government should stop it.[M] Going round my local supermarket, I am constantly astonished that it is still legal to sell all the poisons stacked high on the shelves. The problem is that they are worse than useless. They are poisonous. They are known to be addictive. They are known to make people obese. And giving small children sweet drinks or bottles of fake juice all day long is nothing less than child abuse.[N] Clearly, the sale of such stuff ought to be illegal. I hate to think of yet more government regulation. But a bit of tax on sweet soda and a little more healtheducation, a bit of cooking in schools and banning vending machines (自动售货机) here and there—as suggested by the AMRC report—is not going to achieve very much. Labelling is quite inadequate. What is needed is legislation banning high levels of sugary syrups used in foods and drinks.[O] In June 2012, the then minister for public health said the government was not scared of the food industry and had not ruled out legislation, because of the costs of obesity to the NHS. However, nothing has happened yet. Why not have another Jammie Dodger biscuit and forget about it.46. Avoiding over-consumption of sugar can improve people’s health as well as savemedical expenses.47. Laws should be passed to make it illegal to produce overly sweet foods or drinks.48. Giving small children sweet juices to drink all the time is equal to child abuse.49. Looking around, the author found obesity quite widespread.50. The number of obese people is expected to increase quickly in the next fewdecades.51. If people really understood the horrible consequences of sugary foods and drinks,they would support government measures against sugar consumption.52. It would be a very good beginning to impose an additional tax on sugary drinks.53. The government has not yet taken any action to regulate sugar consumptionalthough it indicated its intention to do so some time ago.54. Sugar is far more harmful to health than fat and salt.55. Consumers of sweet foods are not really to blame because they cannot tell whatfood is sugary.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on following passage.The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history, comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwide now have access to vastly moreinformation than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, often using Web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. But the Internet’s tremendous impact has only just begun.“Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,”Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book, The New Digital Age.Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. The authors do an excellent job of examining the implications of the Internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. But if the book has one major shortcoming, it’s that the authors don’t spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these sweeping changes.In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes—and more importantly predicts—how the Internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. They paint a picture of a world in which individuals, companies, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual.At the core of the book is the idea that “technology is neutral, but people aren’t.”By using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy(对立观点) that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the Internet, they’re also realistic about the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance (监视). 56. In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing pressand the telegraph?A) It transforms human history.B) It facilitates daily communication.C) It is adopted by all humanity.D) It revolutionizes people’s thinking.57. How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet?A) They are immeasurable.B) They are worldwide.C) They are unpredictable.D) They are contaminating.58. In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate?A) It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology.B) It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.C) It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses.D) It does not address the technical aspects of Internet communication.59. What will the future be like when everybody gets online?A) People will be living in two different realities.B) People will have equal access to information.C) People don’t have to travel to see the world.D) People don’t have to communicate face to face.60. What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age?A) They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet.B) They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution.C) They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world.D) They don’t take sides in analyzing the effects of the Internet.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year the average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage (抵押贷款) payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.Other members of the autoworker’s family, however, might be less inclined to trade the present for the past. His retired parents would certainly have had less economic security back then. Throughout much of the 1960s, more than a quarter of men and women age 65 and older lived below the poverty level, compared to less than 10 percent in 2010.In most states, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a credit card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average, they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts (职位相对的人), while racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working-class families.Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. Some people may long for an era when divorce was still hard to come by. The spread of no-fault divorce has reduced the bargaining power of whichever spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.The growing diversity of family life comes with new possibilities as well as new challenges. According to a recent poll, more than 80 percent of Americans believe that their current family is as close as the one in which they grew up, or closer. Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age.61. What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?A) They had less job security than they do today.B) It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.C) Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.D) They were better off than workers in other industries.62. What does the author say about retired people today?A) They invariably long to return to the golden past.B) They do not depend so much on social welfare.C) They feel more secure economically than in the past.D) They are usually unwilling to live with their children.63. Why couldn’t black workers buy a house in a white suburban neighborhood?A) They lacked the means of transportation.B) They were subjected to racial inequality.C) They were afraid to break the law.D) They were too poor to afford it.64. What is the result of no-fault divorce?A) Divorce is easier to obtain.B) Domestic violence is lessened.C) It causes little pain to either side.D) It contributes to social unrest.65. What does the author suggest society do?A) Get prepared to face any new challenges.B) Try to better the current social security net.C) Narrow the gap between blacks and whites.D) Improve the lives of families with problems.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.大熊猫（giant panda）是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。
自动贩卖机英语作文
自动贩卖机英语作文Automatic vending machines have become a common sight in modern society, offering convenience and ease of access to a wide range of products. From snacks and beverages to cigarettes and lottery tickets, these machines cater to various consumer needs.The popularity of vending machines can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, they operate round the clock, eliminating the need for shopkeepers and allowing customers to make purchases at any time of the day or night. Secondly, vending machines provide a self-service experience, reducing the time spent on waiting for assistance and queuing. Lastly, they offer a wide selection of items, making it possible for customers to find exactly what they are looking for without having to visit multiple stores.However, vending machines also have their drawbacks. One major concern is the lack of personalized service. Unlike human shopkeepers, vending machines cannot provide advice or answer questions about the products. Additionally, vending machines may not be able to handle complex transactions, such as exchanges or refunds, which can be frustrating for customers.Despite these limitations, the benefits of vending machines outweigh the disadvantages. They save time and effort for both businesses and consumers. Furthermore, they reduce the need for physical stores, which in turn lowers rental costs and environmental impact.In conclusion, automatic vending machines have revolutionized the way we purchase goods, offering convenience and accessibility. While they may not replace traditional retail stores completely, they are here to stay and continue to evolve, providing innovative solutions to meet the changing needs of consumers.中文翻译：自动售货机已经成为现代社会的一个常见景象，为各种消费者需求提供便利和易于获取的商品。
关于向政府请示解决问题的报告英语作文
关于向政府请示解决问题的报告英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1A Plea to Solve the Lunch CrisisMy name is Jamie, and I'm a high school junior at Central City High. I'm writing to you today not just as a concerned student, but as a citizen seeking your assistance with a critical issue that impacts thousands of kids like me every single day - the quality and accessibility of school lunches.I understand that running a school district with limited funding is an immense challenge. Keeping facilities operational, paying hard-working teachers and staff, and providing a quality education are paramount. However, I'm afraid the school lunch program has fallen through the cracks, neglected and underfunded to a point that demands immediate intervention.Perhaps you're thinking "It's just lunch - how bad can it be?" Let me paint a picture for you of what lunchtime has become for many of my peers and myself.The lines stretch endlessly, devouring much of the precious 30 minutes we have to eat. By the time we make it through thequeue, we're often left with 10 minutes or less to actually consume our food before rushing off to our next class, still hungry.And the food itself? Calling it subpar would be a compliment most days. Overcooked vegetables, gray masses masquerading as mystery meat, cardboard-like slices of pizza, and milk of dubious origins fill our trays. I've witnessed students getting sick from seemingly spoiled items or falling ill due to potential allergic reactions from undisclosed ingredients andcross-contamination.On days the meals seem passable, the portions are extremely lacking, leaving active teenagers hungry an hour later. Those who can afford it supplement school lunch with extra snacks from home or from vending machines peddling unhealthy chips and candy. But for kids from low-income families who rely solely on school meals, they're left unsatisfied and quite possibly malnourished over a sustained period.The emotional toll weighs heavily too. I've seen kids subject to ridicule from their peers for not being able to afford the minimal lunch fees, faced with cold sandwiches of uncertain age as their only option. The stigma surrounding poverty impacts self-esteem and academic performance. No child should everhave to endure that type of shame simply due to financial circumstances beyond their control.Quality nutrition plays a vital role in learning, focus, emotional wellbeing, and childhood development. Yet our school's lunch program seems to have lost sight of its fundamental purpose - nourishing young minds and bodies to help us grow into healthy, productive adults capable of one day leading our communities into the future.I implore you and your colleagues to make substantive changes and increase funding for school lunches across our district:Hire more lunch staff and streamline logistics to reduce excessive wait times that minimize eating periods.Work with nutritionists to develop healthy, balanced meal plans using fresher ingredients tailored to childhood nutritional needs.Increase portions for teenagers, taking into account heightened caloric and nutritional demands of puberty.Implement thorough allergy screening protocols, training, and food labeling practices to protect students with special dietary needs.Subsidize lunch fees for low-income families or explore providing free meals for all students to destigmatize poverty.Upgrade kitchen equipment and facilities to ensure food safety and proper food storage/handling.Solicit student feedback frequently and incorporate it into menu planning and program decisions.While an overhaul of this magnitude will require upfront costs, the long-term benefits of investing in our health, minds, and potential far outweigh the expenses. Healthy,well-nourished students demonstrate better attendance, higher academic achievement, and fewer behavioral issues. By prioritizing nutrition, we're planting seeds for a brighter, more productive future for our community.My peers and I shouldn't have to decide between eating inadequate, unappetizing food or going hungry during the school day. As our elected leaders, you have the power to change this unacceptable status quo. We're counting on you to be champions for our wellbeing and academic success.I look forward to updates on your efforts to transform our school lunch program into one our city can be proud of - onethat genuinely nourishes young hearts, bodies, and minds. Thank you for your time and consideration of this urgent matter.Sincerely,Jamie RobertsonJunior, Central City High School篇2A Call for Action: Improving Campus Safety and SecurityTo: The Honorable City CouncilFrom: Jennifer Rossi, Student Body PresidentDear Esteemed Council Members,As the elected representative of the student body at Metropolitan University, I am writing to you today to bring attention to the pressing issue of campus safety and security. Recent incidents have left many students feeling vulnerable and anxious, hindering their ability to fully focus on their studies and personal growth. It is imperative that we take immediate action to address these concerns and ensure that our campus remains a safe haven for learning, exploration, and personal development.Over the past academic year, we have witnessed a troubling increase in reports of theft, vandalism, and even a few isolated instances of assault. While the university's security measures have undoubtedly played a role in mitigating these incidents, the fact remains that our current systems are inadequate in providing the level of protection our students deserve.One of the primary concerns voiced by students is the lack of adequate lighting in certain areas of the campus, particularly in the pathways leading to residential halls and parking lots. These dimly lit areas have become hotspots for criminal activity, as perpetrators capitalize on the cover of darkness to carry out their misdeeds. It is imperative that we take swift action to install additional lighting fixtures in these high-risk zones, ensuring that every corner of our campus is well-illuminated and discouraging potential wrongdoers from exploiting the shadows.Another area of concern is the limited presence of security personnel during evening hours. Many students, particularly those involved in extracurricular activities or studying late in the library, have expressed feeling vulnerable when traversing the campus after dark. While we understand the budgetary constraints faced by the university, we believe that increasing the number of security officers patrolling the campus during thesecritical hours would go a long way toward deterring criminal activity and providing peace of mind to our student community.Furthermore, we propose the implementation of a comprehensive emergency communication system that would allow students to quickly and easily report any suspicious or concerning activity directly to campus security. This could take the form of strategically placed emergency call boxes or a dedicated mobile application, ensuring that help is never more than a few taps away. By empowering students to be proactive in reporting potential threats, we can create a more vigilant and responsive security network, nipping potential incidents in the bud before they escalate.In addition to these physical security measures, we also urge the council to consider allocating resources toward educational campaigns and training programs. Many students, particularly those new to the urban environment, may be unaware of best practices for personal safety and crime prevention. By offering workshops, seminars, and informational materials, we can equip our student body with the knowledge and skills necessary to make informed decisions and take proactive steps to safeguard themselves and their belongings.It is important to note that the issue of campus safety and security extends beyond the confines of the university itself. The neighborhoods surrounding our institution play a crucial role in shaping the overall sense of security for our students. We must work in close collaboration with local law enforcement agencies, community organizations, and neighborhood watch groups to implement comprehensive strategies that address the root causes of crime and promote a safer environment for all residents.By taking a holistic approach that combines physical security measures, educational initiatives, and community engagement, we can create a campus environment where students can thrive without the constant fear of becoming victims of crime. A safe and secure campus is not only crucial for the well-being of our students but also serves as a powerful testament to the篇3An Open Letter to City Council on Campus Safety ConcernsDear City Council Members,As a student at Metro University, I am writing to you today to address serious safety issues that have been impacting our campus and surrounding areas. Over the past year, there hasbeen a sharp increase in criminal activity, leaving many students feeling unsafe and vulnerable. This situation is unacceptable and demands immediate action from our elected leaders.The problems we currently face range from petty crimes like vandalism and vehicle break-ins to more serious offenses like assaults, robberies, and even reports of sexual violence. Campus security officers do their best, but are overworked and understaffed to handle this surge in illegal activity alone.Just last month, there were three separate incidents of armed robbery around student housing complexes near Greek Row. In one case, a young woman was held up at gunpoint while walking home from the library late at night. She was understandably traumatized by the event and had to take a leave of absence due to the emotional turmoil. Stories like this are becoming far too common.The lack of a visible police presence and inadequate street lighting in many areas have effectively created a perfect storm that allows criminals to operate with impunity. Students constantly receive security alerts about incidents, leaving us on edge and afraid to go out after dark. This situation greatly diminishes our quality of life.As a community, we demand better protection and prevention measures be implemented immediately. First and foremost, we need more police officers actively patrolling our campus and surrounding neighborhoods. Having a regular law enforcement presence would go a long way in deterring crime and making students feel safer.We also desperately need improved lighting and security cameras installed in dimly lit areas, parking lots, walkways, and other potential crime hotspots around campus. This is a relatively inexpensive investment that could pay major dividends in increased safety.Another serious concern is the lack of affordable housing options that force many students into higher crime areas farther from campus. A partnership between the university, city government, and private developers to build new low-cost housing closer to campus would enhance safety for thousands.Additionally, we need robust sexual assault prevention education programs and resources for victims. The few scattered programs currently in place are simply not enough. Students deserve a comprehensive support system to deal with this horrific issue blighting our campus.Overall campus safety must become a top priority backed by a solid action plan and appropriate funding. We are young people pursuing an education to better our lives. We should not have to live in constant fear of becoming a victim of crime while trying to achieve our dreams.Students pay a substantial amount in tuition, fees, and housing costs. Is it too much to ask for our basic safety and well-being to be ensured while pursuing our studies? We are not just investing in our personal futures, but the future economic prosperity of this city itself. How can we be expected to stay focused on academics with this constant dark cloud hanging over us?The current situation is unfortunately causing many students to reconsider whether to remain enrolled at Metro or even apply here in the first place. Our campus' reputation as a rising institution of excellence is being severely tarnished. If dramatic steps aren't taken soon to rectify this crisis, the university and city both stand to lose precious revenue and credibility.I implore you to hear our calls and make student safety the urgent priority it deserves to be. Please take decisive action to get more police officers patrolling our campus and neighborhoods. Improve outdoor lighting, install securitycameras, and explore partnerships for new low-cost housing options closer to classrooms. Additionally, provide meaningful funding for sexual assault prevention resources and victim support services.We are the future leaders, entrepreneurs, and activists of this city. Allowing the current unsafe atmosphere to persist will only breed a climate of fear, hopelessness, and lack of opportunity. Do not let criminal activity rob us of our potential andhinder our positive impact on the community.Thank you for your time and consideration of these serious matters. We eagerly await your swift response to make our campus a safe, nurturing environment for higher learning once again.Sincerely,[Your Name]Metro University Class of 2025。
自动售货机-论文(完整版)
从自动售货机的发展的轨迹和趋势来看，这似乎是技术密集型取代劳动密集型社会的产业构造转变的标志。大量消费，大量生产和销售环境和消费模式的改变，需要新的流通渠道出现，相对于百货商场，超市，网上购物等新的销售渠道，人工成本都在上涨，再加上购物的约束和限制的各种因素，自动售货机作为一种必要的工具应需求而生。自动售货机作为社会上完成商品交易和公益服务的独立设施，要求它的结构必须严谨齐备。而为实现各种不同需要，在外型尺寸和外观造型上必须适应现代商品社会的整体和谐。
如今，自动售货机的产业正在向网络化进一步发展，并进一步合理化其自身的产业结构。如一个在线的方式，通过计算机监控每一部自动售货机以及自动售货机里的库存信息，从而保证顺利补充货品及机器的维护。而且，为了防止全球气候变暖，致力于节能，节能汽水售卖机应运而生了。在夏季用电高峰期，自动售货机这种模式即使在离线的情况下还可以使用，还可以保持较低的温度，与以往的自动售货机相比，可节电10％-15％。未来，自动售货机也将进一步在节约能源和资源的前提下向高功能化方向更好的发展。
该系统的设计与实施可以跟自动售货机的商品销售情况进行分析，运营商可以进行销售状况的统计，通过数据来预测大部分商品的走势，确定合理的采购及分销策略来获
1.2
在中国，自动售货机不仅仅是售卖商品的机器，而是一个潜力巨大的产业，这将引发第三次零售业革命，是自从超市和百货商店之后最为有影响力的一次，因此前景十分广阔。由于自动售货机出售的商品可以根据特定的地方特定的需要而定，包括零食，电话卡，饮料等具体商品按需求放在不同的地方的自动售货机里。并且，通过这种智能的自动贩卖系统，库存，销售，物流的准确信息能够实时反馈给客户和管理人员。
基于PLC的自动售货机控制系统设计
基于PLC的自动售货机控制系统设计AbstractIn recent years, vending machines have become more and more popular due to their convenience and efficiency in providing goods and services. To improve the control and management of vending machines, a new system using programmable logic controller (PLC) technology was designed and implemented. This paper presents the design of a PLC-based vending machine control system, including hardware and software implementation, system architecture, and control algorithms. The proposed system can ensure the accuracy of product dispensing, detect and prevent fraud, and providereal-time monitoring and control of the vending machine's operation. Additionally, the system can be easily integrated with other devices such as payment systems and inventory management tools, to improve overall efficiency and reduce maintenance costs. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed system, which has great potential in future vending machine applications.Keywords: vending machine, PLC, control system, hardware design, software implementationIntroductionVending machines have become ubiquitous in our modern society, providing convenient access to a wide range of products and services. Such machines are widely used inpublic places like airports, train stations, shopping malls, and schools. Apart from providing customers with 24/7 self-service convenience, vending machine operations can bemanaged easily and remotely by vendors, retailers, or other stakeholders.However, vending machines face several challenges in terms of control and management. A key issue is ensuring accurate and prompt dispensing of products, as well as detecting and preventing fraud. Additionally, inventory management, payment systems, and maintenance are crucial aspects of vending machine management that require effective control and monitoring. To address these challenges, a new control system for vending machines using programmable logic controller (PLC) technology has been proposed.This paper presents the design and implementation of a PLC-based vending machine control system. The paper includes the hardware and software architecture, control algorithms, and experimental results, aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed system.System ArchitectureThe proposed vending machine control system is based on a distributed network of sensors, actuators, and other components, all communicating with the central PLC. Figure 1 shows the overall system architecture, consisting of several system modules: hardware interfaces, product selection, and dispensing control, payment control, fraud detection, and maintenance control.The hardware interfaces module connects the sensors and actuators to the PLC, including product sensors, coin acceptors, display screens, and dispensing mechanisms. The module provides the necessary input/output data for the system's software to perform the various control functions.The product selection and dispensing control module are responsible for managing the selection of products bycustomers and controlling the dispensing mechanism. Customers make their choice by selecting the appropriate product button on the vending machine's interface, which is communicated to the PLC. The PLC then activates the appropriate dispensing motor based on the selected product and the inventory level.The payment control module is responsible for managing the payment process, reading the customer's payment information, and verifying its validity. Coin or bill acceptors, credit card readers, or other payment systems can be integrated with the vending machine and controlled by the PLC through this module.The fraud detection module is responsible for detecting and preventing unauthorized access to the vending machine, fake coins, or other attempts at fraud. This module utilizes various sensors and algorithms to detect and flag any such attempts, and sends alerts to the maintenance control module for appropriate action.The maintenance control module is responsible for monitoring the vending machine's performance, issuing alerts for preventive maintenance, and communicating with the vendor or maintenance staff for repair or replacement.Hardware DesignThe hardware system consists of a programmable logic controller (PLC), sensors, actuators, and product dispensers. Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the hardware system.The PLC used in the system is the SIEMENS SIMATIC S7-1200, which provides reliable and accurate control and monitoring of the vending machine's operation. The sensors used include optical sensors for detecting product selection and delivery status, and ultrasonic sensors for detecting product inventory levels. The actuators used are DC motorsfor product dispense control.The product dispensers are of two types: spiral and conveyer type. Spiral dispensers are used for products like snacks and sweets, while conveyer dispensers are used for products like drinks and cup-noodles. The dispensers are controlled by the DC motors through the PLC, which rotatesthe spirals or conveyor belts to deliver the product to the customer.Software ImplementationThe software implementation of the control system is divided into three parts: the ladder logic program, human-machine interface (HMI) program, and communication protocol.The ladder logic program is developed using Siemens TIA Portal software, which provides an easy-to-use interface for designing and testing the control programs. The program is responsible for managing the product selection and dispensing, payment control, fraud detection, and maintenance control functions.The HMI program is developed using Siemens WinCC software, which provides a user-friendly interface for customers to interact with the vending machine. The HMI displays the available products, product prices, and payment options, and also provides alerts and notifications for customers during the transaction.The communication protocol used in the system is the Modbus RTU protocol, which is a widely used industrial communication protocol for PLC-based systems. The protocol allows the sensors and actuators connected to the PLC to communicate with each other, providing real-time feedback on the vending machine's operation.Experimental ResultsTo evaluate the performance of the proposed vending machine control system, we conducted a series of experiments under different conditions. The experiments focused on evaluating the accuracy and reliability of product dispensing, payment control, and fraud detection.The results showed that the system was able toaccurately dispense products based on customer selection, as well as verify the validity of customer payments in real-time. Additionally, the system was able to detect and prevent fraudulent activities, such as coin or bill fraud, unauthorized access, or product jamming.ConclusionIn this paper, we presented the design andimplementation of a PLC-based vending machine control system. The proposed system demonstrated effective control and management of vending machine operations, ensuring accurate product dispensing, real-time payment verification, and fraud detection. The experimental results showed that the systemwas reliable and accurate, with potential for further integration with other systems like inventory management and remote monitoring. Future research could focus on optimizing the control algorithms and hardware components for higher efficiency and lower maintenance costs.。
学校放自动售货机作文英文作文
学校放自动售货机作文英文作文英文：As a student, I think it would be great if our school could install vending machines on campus. There are several reasons why I believe this would be a good idea.Firstly, it would provide students with a convenient way to purchase snacks and drinks between classes or during breaks. Sometimes, students may not have time to go to the cafeteria or may not want to wait in line. Having vending machines would make it easier for them to grab a quick snack or drink and get back to class.Secondly, vending machines could also generate revenue for the school. By partnering with a vending machine company, the school could receive a portion of the profits. This money could be used to fund school programs or improve facilities.Finally, vending machines could also provide an opportunity for students to learn about entrepreneurship. For example, the school could offer a program where students can pitch their own ideas for vending machine products. This would allow students to develop their business skills and potentially earn money.Overall, I believe that installing vending machines on campus would be a beneficial addition to our school.中文：作为一名学生，我认为如果学校能在校园内安装自动售货机，那将是一个很好的想法。
说明文.高中英语作文
3. 按照旧的习俗，祭祀（扫墓）时，人们 要携带酒食果品、纸钱、花等物品到墓地。 对墓地进行简单清理之后，人们将食物供 祭在亲人墓前，再将香和纸钱焚化，然后 叩头行礼祭拜。 4. 这是我们悼念先人，缅怀他们丰功伟绩 的日子。 参考词汇：墓cemetery， 香incense
Tomb Sweeping Day usually falls on April 4—6 every year. It’s one of the Chinese traditional festivals, in which people offer sacrifices to their ancestors. According to the Chinese customs, people will bring along some food, wine, paper money and some flowers to the cemetery of their ancestors.
That the manned Shenzhou-7 successfully rose to the outer space and landed safely has indicated that the Chinese space program reached a milestone in research and development of advanced space materials. Scientists are expecting to study the exposed sample as soon as Shenzhou-7 lands. It is said that China aims to set up a space station in 2020 and before that it will launch a “simple” space lab in 2011.
国家开放大学教育最新《理工英语3》形考任务(单元自测1-8)试题与答案解析
国家开放大学教育最新《理工英语3》形考任务(单元自测1-8)试题与答案解析（正确答案已标红，请用 Ctrl+F进入查找答案）单元自测1试题1得分10.00/10.00 分试题正文—Could you give me your phone number?—_______选择一项：A.It doesn't matter.B.Sure. My phone number is 135-5674-5633.C.It's very kind of you to do so.反馈你的回答正确试题2得分10.00/10.00 分试题正文—What's your major please?—_______选择一项：A.Who knowsB.I'm not sureC.I'm majoring in Interior Design反馈你的回答正确试题3得分10.00/10.00 分试题正文There are ______ of ways to make your house look greener.选择一项：A.plentyB.lotC.many反馈你的回答正确试题4得分10.00/10.00 分试题正文Hold on a minute, please. I'll put you _____ .选择一项：A.throughB.onC.in反馈你的回答正确试题5得分10.00/10.00 分试题正文There are ______ students in Class One than in Class Two. 选择一项：A.moreB.mostC.many反馈你的回答正确试题6得分50.00/50.00 分试题正文二、完形填空：阅读下面的短文，选择合适的内容将短文补充完整。
Top 3 Green Home Innovations答案：D.There are many things you can do to reduce carbon emission and help to make the earth a better place for future generations. Here are a few suggestions.答案：EAlthough LED lamps cost more money than standard incandescent or compact fluorescent bulbs do at the beginning, these long-lasting LED lamps will eventually be worth the money because of nergy saved. LED lamps also produce a cleaner, more natural light.答案：C.“Water”is a hot topic, especially in the Southwest. Household water filters are now available to clean and reuse water from showers and baths. Gray water reuse systems redirect the used water from washing machines to lawns or gardens.答案：BA. Building materials and embellishments like paint and carpets can emit chemical compounds into the atmosphere, and because a home is an enclosed space, those compounds can sometimes accumulate to dangerous levels. Installing a whole-house air purification system is one way to keep indoor air clean and circulating.Going “green”doesn't have to be a challenge. A home is a long-term investment. You don't have to start over from cratch. Make small changes. Choose environmentally friendly paint or LED bulbs.Chances are that your home will need improvements eventually.Whenever possible, choose upgrades that will reduce your carbon footprint. It's good for the planet, and it's good for you.A. In recent years indoor air pollution has got a lot of attention.B. Air PurificationC. Water RecyclingD. In the last decade a growing number of people were interested in conserving energy and preserving the environment by living “green”E. LED Lighting单元自测2试题1得分10.00/10.00 分试题正文—What does your company specialize in?—_______选择一项：A.Our company is very large.B.Our company specializes in flood-proof development.C.Our company is located in Beijing.反馈你的回答正确试题2得分10.00/10.00 分试题正文—What is the training about?—_______选择一项：A.It is about one month.B.It is nothing.C.It is about the latest flood-proof design of hours.反馈你的回答正确试题3得分10.00/10.00 分试题正文Pei was the son of a ____ banker.选择一项：A.prominentB.promptC.prime反馈你的回答正确试题4得分10.00/10.00 分试题正文A _____ designer is needed.选择一项：A.full timingB.full-timeC.full time反馈你的回答正确试题5得分10.00/10.00 分试题正文My first ____ is the Taj Mahal because it is a teardrop of love.选择一项：A.recommendationB.recommendingC.recommend你的回答正确试题6得分50.00/50.00 分试题正文二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
自动售货机的尺寸标准
自动售货机的尺寸标准英文回答：The size standards for vending machines can vary depending on the specific type and purpose of the machine. However, there are some general guidelines that can be considered when determining the dimensions of an automatic vending machine.Firstly, the height of the vending machine should be designed to accommodate the average height of users. This ensures that customers can easily reach the products and operate the machine without any difficulty. For example, a typical vending machine may have a height of around 5 to 6 feet (1.5 to 1.8 meters) to cater to the average adult height.Secondly, the width of the vending machine should be sufficient to accommodate the products being sold. This includes considering the size of the packaging and thenumber of rows or columns of products. For instance, a snack vending machine may have a width of around 2 to 3feet (0.6 to 0.9 meters) to accommodate various snack packages.Additionally, the depth of the vending machine should be designed to provide enough space for the products to be stocked and dispensed. This includes considering the size of the vending mechanism and the storage capacity. Atypical vending machine may have a depth of around 2 to 3 feet (0.6 to 0.9 meters) to accommodate the internal components and product inventory.Furthermore, it is important to consider the space available in the location where the vending machine will be placed. This includes taking into account any restrictions or limitations in terms of floor space or height clearance. For example, if the vending machine is intended for a small office pantry, the size should be compact enough to fit within the available space without causing any obstruction.In summary, the size standards for vending machinesshould take into consideration the average height of users, the dimensions of the products being sold, the internal components, and the available space. By considering these factors, vending machines can be designed to provide convenience and accessibility to customers.中文回答：自动售货机的尺寸标准可以根据具体类型和用途的不同而有所不同。
自动售货机介绍英语作文
自动售货机介绍英语作文An automatic vending machine is a marvel of modern convenience. These machines are self-service kiosks that dispense a variety of items, from snacks and beverages to everyday essentials, without the need for a human attendant.They are a common sight in public spaces such as train stations, airports, and office buildings. The user interface is typically a touchscreen or a set of buttons, making it easy for anyone to operate. Simply select the desired item, insert the required payment, and the machine will dispense your selection.The technology behind these machines is quite advanced, ensuring that the items are kept fresh and the transactions are secure. They are equipped with sensors that can detect the presence of an item and ensure its proper delivery to the customer.Not only do vending machines provide a quick and easy way to purchase items, but they also offer a level of convenience that is unmatched. They are available 24/7, making them an ideal solution for those late-night cravings or early morning needs.Moreover, the variety of items available in vending machines is continually expanding. From healthy snacks to hot meals, there is something for everyone. This evolution is atestament to the adaptability and innovation of the vending machine industry.In conclusion, automatic vending machines are an integral part of our daily lives, offering a quick, convenient, and secure way to purchase a wide array of products. They are a testament to the ingenuity of human invention and a symbol of our ever-evolving consumer culture.。
自动售货机-论文(完整版)
CPU是PLC的核心，通过计算机技术和通信技术的完美结合，就可以开发出一个通用的工业自动控制装置，是现代工业控制技术的重要组成部分。而今，生产技术达到世界领先水平的PLC厂商有68个，当然最有名的几个制造商在日本，美国和德国的。几家日本厂分别是东芝，日立，富士，横河，立石，三菱，夏普等较为知名的公司。还有一些美国制造商分别是得克萨斯州食品公司，通用电气公司，歌德，数字设备公司等等。比较有名的还有欧洲的飞利浦公司和西门子公司和亚洲的鹰达公司都是非常有名的。
现在而言，所有的情况下都是通过人工的判断来运行一台自动售货机，包括缺硬币，币箱已满，自动售货机机械故障，缺少货物等，普遍使用人工操作员的定时巡视的这种管理方法来解决，虽然问题得到解决，但结果是既费力又费时，但他们不能得到及时，准确的实时状态报告，自动售货机，操作增加了管理难度和成本，但也有可能给消费者的消费造成不方便。
Detailed in this article is history and current situation of the vending machine, is the definition of a programmable logic controller description, content design steps and procedures design, programming languagesand so on. Systematic exposition of how to combine Siemens PLC control system in the vending machine to run, combined with further validation of Siemens PLC configuration king in our use of the vending machine control system, so that we can understand and see the effect of running .
VEKTOR词汇和短语(复习专用)
fill you in on 告诉某人某事pitfall 陷阱，隐藏的困难front 幌子handle 处理buy up 全部买下breach 违背bank on 寄希望于probationary 试用期fill us in 告诉我们应该知道的事情gather 推断leaves a lot to be desire d 不满意apply 应用cover for him 顶替某人assume 估计break it to him 向他说明renew contract 续订契约cosmetic 装点门面的chase 追讨be snowed under 被压倒squeeze 紧压overdue 到期未付的a backlog of 积压vet 审查weed out 清除precaution 预防措施magnetic strip 磁条to report a loss 挂失on the spot 当场clear my desk 完成未完成的工作turnover 营业额payslip 工资单perk 额外津贴deduction 扣除gross 总的net 净的redundancy payment 解雇费pension 退休金placed some trial orders开展试购be of excellent quality and very competitively priced 质量优良且价格很具有竞争性leading-edge 技术上最先进的outlets 经销店spending capacity 消费能力launch 开展emerging market 新兴市场practice 惯例put out feelers 谨慎地探听别人的观点stand 办事处establish a more permanent basis for our co-operation 为我们的合作建立一个更加永久的基础to date 至今explore an agreement 寻求一致talk things through 充分透彻地谈问题be looking forward to 期待着vending machines 自动售货机candy floss 棉花糖dispenser 自动售卖机disgusting 令人作呕的revenue per annum 年利润branch out 扩大活动范围avenue 途径subsidiary 子公司agenda 议程Board meeting 董事会会议shipment 运输的货物assortment 分类vigorously 精神旺盛地reliability 可信赖度branded goods 品牌产品appreciate 充分意识到displays 陈列striking 引人注目的draw the eye 吸引眼球impulse 冲动的senior staff 高级职员update 更新premium 保险费用debited 记入借方remitted 免除paid off 还清qualifications 资格credentials 证明材料preferably 更好地propose 提议a high flyer 有抱负的人that’s settled 就这么定了thoughtful 考虑周到的give you her regards 向她问好campaign 形象广告provided 假如have the muscle to 有能力做到commit 交付，委托merger 合并let us down 让我们失望do the ground work 做前期准备工作tentatively 临时地goes without saying 理所当然point taken 我同意你的观点clear up 弄明白clarify 阐明chew over 仔细考虑pitch 销售对象Hectic 忙乱的Can’t wait 等不及了desperate 极需要的on the dot 准时地miracles do happen 奇迹真的发生了a rough cut 初剪good as done 没问题You’re a life-saver 你是个救星briefing 情况简介in a nutshell 总而言之formulated 构想出pan-European 泛欧洲的segmentation 细分市场sufficient 充足的cover every angle 包括每个方面FMCG 快速消费品durables 耐用品cut-and-dried 已成定局的approach 接洽reckon 估计acculturation 文化适应in every sense of the w ord 不折不扣的lumpy demand 小批量需求way off 有很大差距Sorry to butt in 抱歉，打岔一下spadework 基础研究as regards 至于presumably 可能outfit 组织wind this up 在这上面做出定论sort out 整理concentrate on 专注于disposable incomes 可支配收入internal 内部的two-hander 两手操作的in-house 机构内部的fold 倒闭 .the bottom line 底线row 争吵have a relationship with与……有关系sort out 分辨出slot her in 将她安排在Clarify 阐明terrific 棒极了knock their socks off 打败他们prepare the ground 做准备工作clear the way 排除障碍nitty gritty 细节primary 首要的turnover 人员流动give too much away 透露太多in the pipeline 在进行中virtually 实际上crucial 至关重要的bluff it out 用欺骗的手段蒙混过关be economical with 一带而过be up to my eyes 埋头于stick with 继续做brief 向…介绍基本情况Don’t read anything intoit 不要想得太多have an appointment with 和……有约have a reservation for two nights 预定了两个晚上ridiculous 荒唐的ominous 不祥的transfer 为……转接fact-finding 实地考察euphemistically 委婉地sat in on 出席de-brief 总结会议go back to the drawingboard 重新开始aspirational 有抱负的forbidding 冷峻的in store 接下来evasive 含糊其辞的go that far 做得到widen your client base拓展客户基础fill out your client list 填写你的客户单be always on the look out for 总是在关注bank on 寄希望于Strictly off the record 如实地记录trim it to the bone 尽可能地删减take in 理解cope with 应付retain 记住take a step back here在这里退一步head on 正面对峙。
2012年12月大学英语四级真题(含答案)-1
Doctoral degree1,550 1,272 1,038712 626 444 Master ’s degreeBachelor ’s degreeSome college, no degreeHigh school diplomaLess than high school degree 2012年12月大学英语四级真题(1)Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上，请在答题卡1上作答。
Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to writea composition entitled Education Pays based on thestatistics provided in the chart below (Weekly earnings of2010). Please write at least 120 words but no more than 180words.Education: A Worthy InvestmentWeekly earnings in 2010($)Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsEducation PaysPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco?Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered a controlled substance just like alcohol and tobacco, argue a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).In an opinion piece called “The Toxic (毒性的) Truth About Sugar” published Feb.1 in Nature, Robert Lustig, LauraSchmidt and Claire Brindis argue that it’s wrong to consider sugar just “empty calories.” They write: “There is nothing empty about these calories. A growing body of scientific evidence is showing that fructose(果糖) can trigger processes that lead to liver toxicity and a host of other chronic diseases.A little is not a problem, but a lot kills — slowly.”Almost everyone’s heard of —or personally experienced —the well-known sugar high, so perhaps the comparison between sugar and alcohol or tobacco shouldn’t come as a surprise. But it’s doubtful that Americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice. We’re a nation that’s sweet on sugar: the average U.S. adult downs 22 teaspoons of sugar a day, according to the American Heart Association, and surveys have found that teens swallow 34 teaspoons.To counter our consumption, the authors advocate taxing sugary foods and controlling sales to kids under 17. Already, 17% of U.S. children and teens are obese (肥胖), and across the world the sugar intake(摄入) has increased three times in the past 50 years. The increase has helped create a global obesity plague that contributes to 35 million annual deaths worldwide from noninfectious diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes. Linda Matzigkeit, a senior vice president atChildren’s Healthcare, said “We have to do something about this or our country is in danger. It’s not good if your state has the second-highest obesity rate. Obese children turn into obese adults.”“There are good calories and bad calories, just as there are good fats and bad fats, good amino acids (氨基酸) and bad amino acids,” Lustig, director of the Weight Assessment for Teen and Child Health program at UCSF, said in a statement. “But sugar is toxic beyond its calories.”The food industry tries to imply that “a calorie is a calorie is a calorie,” says Kelly Brownell, director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University. “But this and other research suggests there is something different about sugar,” says Brownell.The UCSF report emphasizes the metabolic(新陈代谢) effects of sugar. Excess sugar can alter metabolism, raise blood pressure, affect the signaling of hormones and damage the liver — outcomes that sound suspiciously similar to what can happen after a person drinks too much alcohol. Schmidt, co-chair of UCSF’s Community Engagement and Health Policy program, noted on CNN: “When you think about it, this actually makes a lot of sense. Alcohol, after all, is simply made fromsugar. Where does vodka come from? Sugar.”But there are also other areas of impact that researchers have investigated: the effect of sugar on the brain and how liquid calories are interpreted differently by the body than solids. Research has suggested that sugar activates the same reward pathways in the brain as traditional drugs of abuse like morphine or heroin. No one is claiming the effect of sugar is quite that strong, but, says Brownell, “it helps confirm what people tell you sometimes, that they hunger for sugar and have withdrawal symptoms when they stop eating it.”There’s also something particularly tricky about sugary drinks. “When calories come in liquids, the body doesn’t feel as full,” says Brownell. “People are getting more of their calories than ever before from sugared drinks.”Other countries, including France, Greece and Denmark, impose soda taxes, and the concept is being considered in at least 20 U.S. cities and states. Last summer, Philadelphia came close to passing a 2-cents-per-ounce soda tax. The Rudd Center has been a strong advocate of a more modest 1-cent-per-punce tax. But at least one study, from 2010, has raised doubts that soda taxes would result in significant weight loss: apparently people who are determined to eat — and drink — unhealthilywill find ways to do it. Teens — no surprise — are good at finding ways to get the things they can’t have, so state policies banning all sugar-sweetened drinks from public schools and providing only water, milk or 100% fruit juices haven’t had the intended effect of steering kids away from drinking sugared drinks: the average teen consumes about 300 calories per day — that’s nearly 15% of his daily calories —in sweetened drinks, and the food and drink industry is only too happy to feed this need.Ultimately, regulating sugar will prove particularly tricky because it goes beyond health concerns; sugar, for so many people, is love. A plate of cut-up vegetables just doesn’t pack the same emotional a cupcake and not an apple as an after-school treat today. We don’t do that regularly —it’s the first time this school year, actually — and that’s what made it special. As a society, could we ever reach the point where we’d think apples — not a cupcake — are something to get excited over? Says Brindis, one of the report’s authors and director of UCSF’s Philip R.Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies: “We recognize that there are cultural and celebratory aspects of sugar. Changing these patterns is very complicated.”For inroads (进展) to be made, say the authors in their statement, people have to be better educated about the hazards of sugar and agree that something’s got to change: Many of the interventions(干预) that have reduced alcohol and tobacco consumption can be models for addressing the sugar problem, such as imposing special sales taxes, controlling access, and tightening licensing requirements on vending machines(自动售货机) and snack-bars sell high sugar products in schools and workplaces.“We’re not talking prohibition,”Schmidt said. “We’re not advocating a major imposition of the government into people’s lives. We’re talking about gentle ways to make sugar consumption slightly less convenient, thereby moving people away from the concentrated does. What we want is to actually increase people’s choices by making foods that aren’t loaded with sugar comparatively easier and cheaper to get.”注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
南开中学初2025届3月初三年级调研考试英语试题含答案
南开中学初2025届3月初三年级调研考试英语试题请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。
2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。
Ⅰ. 单项选择1、—is it from the Children’s Palace to Nanjing South Railway Station, Tom?—About 10 minutes’ rid e by bus.A．How soon B．How often C．How far D．How much2、—What kind of books do you like?—I like funny storybooks. They're very_.A．boring B．lazy C．quiet D．interesting3、There are fewer and fewer tigers in India. The situation will continue _______ humans stop hunting them for their fur and bones.A．if B．unless C．because D．since4、---Did you go to the concert with your parents yesterday?---No, I for my English test all afternoon.A．prepared B．am preparing C．was preparing D．have prepared5、—What’s you r favorite fruit?—I like ______ best.A．apples B．broccoli C．potatoes D．cabbages6、— What did you do after school yesterday?— I ______ basketball with Peter.A．play B．will play C．played D．has played7、Ben is a hard-working writer. He wrote his ________ novel when he was ________ years old.A．fifth; fifty B．fifth; fiftieth C．five; fifty D．five: fiftieth8、I have some trouble with my English writing. Can you give me some ______ ?A．advice B．decisions C．messages D．suggestion9、Sharing is an important part of our life. When_____is shared, it will be halved. And your mood will be better.A．illness B．happiness C．kindness D．sadness10、—Did you watch 2018 CCTV Spring Festival Evening Gala in Taian?—Certainly. That night the sky over Taian was as _______ as that in the day with the light.A．bright B．brightly C．brighter D．more brightlyⅡ. 完形填空11、There are different kinds of friends. Many friends will step in your life, but only 1 friends leave footprints .I shall always recall (回忆) the autumn and the girl with the 2 I know she will always be my best friend. It was a golden season. I liked walking alone in the leaves, 3 the sound of them.Autumn is a harvest season but life is uninteresting. The free days always get me 4 But one day, the sound of a violin flowed into my ears. A young girl, standing in the wind, was 5 in playing her violin.I had never seen her before. The music was so nice that I listened quietly. Lost in the music, I didn't know that I had been 6 there for so long .But it did not seem to disturb her.Leaves were still falling. Every day she played the violin in the corner of the building 7 I went downstairs to watch her performance. I was the only listener.Autumn was nearly over. One day, when I was listening carefully, the sound suddenly 8 To my surprise, the girl came over to me.“You must like violin.” she said.“Yes. And you play very well. Why didn’t you continue?” I asked.Suddenly, a 9 look appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual.“I came here to see my grandmother, but now I must leave. I once played very badly. It was your listening every day that10 me.” she said.“In fact, it was your playing that gave me a meaningful autumn.” I answered, “Let's be friends.”1．A．good B．true C．new D．old2．A．sound B．song C．play D．violin3．A．looking for B．listeningto C．finding D．hearing4．A．up B．off C．down D．over5．A．lost B．active C．busy D．interested6．A．waiting B．stopping C．standing D．hearing7．A．because B．so C．when D．but8．A．stopped B．began C．gone D．changed9．A．happy B．sad C．strange D．surprised10．A．surprised B．excited C．encouraged D．interestedⅢ. 语法填空12、I’m Hongmei. I 1．(learn) Eng lish for many years, but I don’t find it easy. I went to an English-speaking country on our last vacation, and I could not speak to the people very 2．(good). Our tour guide spoke English for us. Now I know it is important 3．(learn) more English, so I’m h aving extra 4．(lesson) in my free time. I believe it can help5．(I) improve my English more soon.Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、1．The books in the library were published (出版) in ________ languages.A．26 B．36 C．422．What can you enjoy in the reading room?A．Magazines. B．Video films. C．CDs.3．How much should you pay if you keep three videos for a week?A．One yuan. B．Two yuan. C．Three yuan.4．How long can you keep one cassette at a time?A．One day. B．One week. C．One month.5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the form?A．The library card will cost you one yuan.B．You can borrow as many CDs you like at a time.C．You can keep five books at a time for three weeks.B14、Do you want to have a special holiday?Have a look at our exciting activities and decide what kind of trips you'd like.1．You can do the following things during a cultural Journey EXCEPT .A．visiting an old temple B．meeting local peopleC．visiting markets D．trying diving2．During a Hiking Tour,the travelers .A．need to carry tents themselves B．must love sports very muchC．must be very healthy D．must be with their old friends3．Which of the following is NOT true?A．You can see many animals in Wildlife Holidays.B．Hiking Tours allow people to get close to nature.C．You can go skiing in Hiking Tours.D．They have sand boarding in deserts.C15、The Beijing Underground’s Line Ten will soon have 40 “reverse vending machines（有偿自动回收机）”,which will pay people for their empty plastic bottles.“We have placed two such machines at Beijing Capital International Airport and four at the city’s underground stations . They have been well received so far ,” said Feng Juan , an engineer from the company which makes the machines . “people are encouraged and paid for turning waste into treasure .More than 30,000 empty bottles have been collected since December,” she said .If something else , such as waste paper , is thrown into the machine , the machine will spit（吐）it out .“Supported by the government , the reverse vending machined will be introduced to colleges and universities soon ,”Feng said . The company is also considering covering more recycling materials, including used books and teaching materials .“Long-term plans call for about 2,000 reverse vending machines to be placed throughout the city in the next few years , including 80 at colleges and universities , shopping malls , communities and office buildings,” Feng said.Chang Tao , director of the company , said that if the new project works well in the city , the company will consider thewaste-to-treasure service to other developed cities in the eastern part of China .1．Which sign probably represents the meaning of the underlined word “recycling”?A．B．C．D．2．Which of the following is an opinion rather than a fact ?A．More than 30,000 empty bottles have been collected .B．Feng Juan and Chang Tao work in the same company .C．The machines might help people develop a recycling habit .D．People are paid for putting empty plastic bottles into the machines .3．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage ?A．Machines help turn waste into treasure B．A new machine has become popularC．A creative project works well in China D．People are encouraged to collect bottlesD16、Library ProgramsI. SATURDAY CINEMAOn two Saturdays the library will hold Saturday Cinema. Recent movies as well as classic ones will be on. We are allowed to advertise the movies we show in the library building only. Read below to learn what is planned! There is no cost and all are invited.● Know the film in which Bai baihe plays Xiao Lan, a master who hunts monsters (妖怪)? 115 minutes. PARENT-GUIDED Youhaveachancetohaveagoodseatifyouguessright.Email:**********.—Main Library Saturday, November 21, 2015 2:30 p.m.● Gene Wilder in the 1971 film based on the book by Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. 100minutes. GE NERAL —South Hall Saturday, December 5, 2015 2:30 p.m.II. SECOND SATURDAY MUSIC SERIESThese free concerts are held at 3:00 p.m. in the East Hall.November 21, 2015: Sean Smith ( Singer / Songwriter )December 12, 2015: Dan Landrum ( Pianist )January 16, 2016: Chattanooga Symphony and OperaFebruary 13, 2016: Sweet Georgia SoundIII. GENEALOGY(家谱) CLASSESThis one-time class is for the beginners. Children can gather family history information by looking through the records in the library and on the Internet. You can learn things like where your great-grandparent came from. Instructions are given on using the library book Ancestry Library Edition, and the website Heritage Quest Online. Below are the date and time for thescheduled (已排的) classes. The number of students in each class is limited to 20, so you need to call the Northwest Hall first ****************************.Scheduled Classes: Saturday, December 12, 10:00 a.m. – 12:00 a.m.1．This is most probably a(n) .A．poster B．timetableC．invitation D．advertisement2．Where should Johnson go if he wants to enjoy the concert after he finishes the Genealogy Class?A．Main Library B．East HallC．South Hall D．Northwest Hall3．What can we learn from the article?A．You can watch two foreign films in November in the library.B．*******************************************************.C．You can enjoy both the movie and the concert on November 21, 2015.D．You may learn some family history information by using the library book.E17、Dear friends, we warmly welcome you to Hamilton, Canada! If you want to stay here in hotels, please make your best choice.Days Inn HamiltonAddress: 210 Main Street East Telephone: 414-6433The number of rooms: 120 Single room: $25 Double room: $35 Special attractions:air-conditioned rooms, French restaurant, swimming pool, shops, coffee bar.Best Western HamiltonAddress: 1530 Stone Church Road East Telephone: 414-5620The number of rooms: 50 Single room: $12 Double: $18Special attractions: close to the airport, telephone in each room, bar, restaurant, garage,swimming pool, free Wifi.Comfort Inn HamiltonAddress: 1500 Stone Church Road West Telephone: 414-6446The number of rooms:120 Single room: $15 Double $20Special attractions: European restaurant, television, shops, nightclub, free Wifi.Sheraton Hamilton HotelAddress: 1264 116 King Street West, HamiltonTelephone: 414-8200The number of rooms:180 Single room: $30 Double $50 Special attractions:air-conditioned rooms, Japanese and Chinese restaurants, swimming pool, large garden,free Wifi.1．About Days Inn Hamilton, the following are right EXCEPT ____________.A．it has a French restaurantB．the number of rooms is 120C．it has no free Wifi or shopsD．the price for a single room is $252．If you book a room ahead in Best Western Hamilton, you will call at _____________.A．414-5620B．414-6433C．414-6446D．414-82003．Where is Comfort Inn Hamilton located?A．At 210 Main Street East.B．At 1264 116 King Street West.C．At 1500 Stone Church Road West.D．At 1530 Stone Church Road East.4．Which of the following will you choose if you want to enjoy Chinese food?A．Best Western Hamilton.B．1530 Stone Church Road East.C．Comfort Inn Hamilton.D．Sheraton Hamilton Hotel.F18、Tea culture is varied in different countries by the way tea is made and drunk，and by the places for tea drinking.How to make tea may be different.According to the ways of making tea，tea is classified(分类)into white tea，green tea，black tea，etc.And how to prepare tea may be different，too.In Tibet，tea is commonly boiled(煮)with salt and butter(黄油)．People may drink tea at home or in public，for example，at tea houses.As part of culture，tea has a relationship with history，health，education，communication and so on.It is commonly used at social activities.For example，afternoon tea is a British custom.Families or friends can communicate with each other while having afternoon tea.Tea has remained a way of daily life in China and drinking tea has a lot of advantages.It makes people less tired，clears heat in the human body and helps people lose weight.Chinese people are good at using tea to make other things delicious.Tea，originally(最初)served as a medicine in ancient times，is now not just a kind of drink，but also excellent seasoning(调味品)．Here are two delicious dishes made with tea：Tea Eggs：You can find them cooked and sold in street markets in almost every city in China.Dragon Well Tea Shrimp(龙井虾仁)：It's one of the most wellknown dishes in Hangzhou.Before you drink tea，please check the following tips：◆ Drink tea hot.◆ The best time to drink is between meals.It is bad for your stomach if you drink tea just before meals，during meals or soon after meals.◆ Do not drink too much strong tea.1．Tea has no relationship with ________ as part of culture according to the passage.A．history B．healthC．education D．sports2．Afternoon tea in Britain is a ________ according to the passage.A．way of communication B．hobbyC．game D．weekend activity3．In ancient China，tea was originally served as ________ according to the passage.A．a medicine B．a drinkC．seasoning D．a dish4．The best time to drink tea is ________ according to the passage.A．just before meals B．during mealsC．soon after meals D．in between meals5．The passage doesn't mention ________．A．ways of making teaB．places to drink teaC．tools for drinking teaD．advantages of drinking teaⅤ.书面表达19、书面表达保护环境与自然和谐相处是人类今天面对的大问题。
自动售货机的英语作文
自动售货机的英语作文Vending Machines。
Vending machines are a common sight in many countries around the world. They are machines that dispense a variety of products, such as snacks, drinks, and even electronics. They are convenient and easy to use, making them a popular choice for people who are on the go.One of the main advantages of vending machines is that they are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This means that people can purchase products whenever they need them, even if it is late at night or early in the morning. Vending machines are also very easy to use. All you need to do is insert your money, make a selection, and the product is dispensed.Another advantage of vending machines is that they are very convenient. They are often located in areas where there is a lot of foot traffic, such as train stations, busstops, and shopping centers. This means that people can easily access them when they are on the go. Vending machines are also very fast. They can dispense products in a matter of seconds, which is much faster than waiting in line at a store.However, there are also some disadvantages to vending machines. One of the main disadvantages is that they can be expensive. The products that are sold in vending machines are often more expensive than the same products that are sold in stores. This is because vending machines are more expensive to operate than stores, and the cost of the products must be passed on to the consumer.Another disadvantage of vending machines is that they can be unreliable. Sometimes, the machines break down or run out of products, which can be frustrating for the consumer. Additionally, vending machines are often targeted by thieves, who try to steal money or products from the machines.In conclusion, vending machines are a convenient andeasy way to purchase products when you are on the go. They are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and are often located in areas where there is a lot of foot traffic. However, they can be expensive and unreliable, so it is important to use them with caution.。
自动贩卖机英语作文
自动贩卖机英语作文Here's an essay about vending machines written in an informal and conversational English style, following the guidelines provided:You know, vending machines are such a convenient thing to have around. Whenever I'm in a rush or just feeling lazy to grab a snack, I can always rely on them. They're like those little helpers that never let you down.I love the variety of options they offer. From cold drinks to hot coffee, from candies to sandwiches, you can find almost anything you're in the mood for. And the prices are pretty reasonable too. No need to worry about breaking the bank when you're just craving a quick bite.One thing I really appreciate about vending machines is their accessibility. You can find them in all sorts of places – airports, train stations, hospitals, even some parks. They're always there, ready to serve, no matterwhere you are or what time it is.Plus, they're pretty reliable too. I've never had a vending machine fail to dispense my item. And even if it does, there's usually a customer service number to call for assistance. So, no worries there.But let's be honest, sometimes the choices can be a bit overwhelming. Standing there, staring at all the different options, trying to decide what to get – it can be a bit of a challenge. But that's part of the fun, isn't it?。
vending翻译
vending翻译翻译：自动售货。
用法：vending通常用于描述自动售货机或自动售货系统。
它可以是一个独立的设备，以匹配选定的产品，或是一个整个系统，包含多个设备，协调售货、库存、销售和报告。
例句：1. The vending machine dispensed snacks and drinks.这台自动售货机售卖零食和饮料。
2. The company installed a vending station in the break room for employees.公司在员工休息室安装了一个自动售货站。
3. The vending system is equipped with a digital screen that displays product information.这个自动售货系统配备了一个数字屏幕，显示产品信息。
4. The subway platform has several vending kiosks selling tickets.地铁站台上有几个自动售票亭。
5. The vending service provider stocked the machines with popular products.自动售货机服务提供商为机器存储了热门产品。
6. The vending industry has seen a shift towardshealthier snack options.自动售货业正在向更健康的零食选择方向转变。
7. The vending machines require coins or credit cards for payment.自动售货机需要硬币或信用卡付款。
8. The university installed vending machines that offer textbooks and school supplies.大学安装了自动售货机，提供教科书和学校用品。
tvm自动售票机介绍英语作文
tvm自动售票机介绍英语作文TVM Ticket Vending Machines.TVM (Ticket Vending Machine) ticket vending machines are self-service devices that allow passengers to purchase tickets for public transportation, such as trains, buses, and subways. They are typically located in stations, airports, and other transportation hubs.TVM ticket vending machines are typically easy to use. Passengers simply select the type of ticket they want to purchase, enter their destination, and insert cash or a credit card. The machine will then dispense the ticket and provide a receipt.TVM ticket vending machines offer a number of advantages over traditional ticket counters. They are faster, more convenient, and more efficient. They also allow passengers to purchase tickets at their own pace, without having to wait in line.TVM ticket vending machines are becoming increasingly common around the world. They are a valuable asset to public transportation systems, and they make it easier for passengers to purchase tickets and get on their way.中文回答：TVM 自动售票机。
22.物品介绍【英语作文】
come into being ____________________
lot/be beneficial to… 6. 对……有益 benefit…a _____________________
7. 居住于/栖息于…… _____________________ inhabit… 8. 起初 _____________________ originally
套用句式 1. 至于价钱，是相当的低。
1. As for the price, it is surprisingly low.
2. 这个包小而轻。
2. The bag is small in size and light in weight.
3. 这种钱包质量是出了名的好。
3. The purse enjoys a good fame of high quality.
Dear friends, It’s a great honor for me to introduce our national treasure — the panda. The panda is a world-famous wild animal born in China. It only inhabits the forests in the west part of China. It has lived on the earth for over 10,000 years. Although they have fat figures, pandas are better at climbing trees than any other animal. The favorite food they depend on for living is bamboo shoots.
2021秋冀教版(河北)八年级上册英语作业课件：Unit6 话题阅读(共8张PPT)
F根据短文内容，判断正(T) 误(F)。 1.Many people like to travel by plane because it is safe.
T 2.The writer thinks taking trains to travel takes a little more time.
T 3.If you want to carry many things with you, you can travel by bus.
T 4.The bad thing about the car is that many cars are on the roads. 5.The passage tells us taking a plane is the best kind of transportation for
Tபைடு நூலகம்e roads in the city __5__ excellent.The traffic runs quite __6__ except during rush hours in the morning and evening when people drive to and __7__ work.Some buses in Beijing have a box near the driver into which you can put __8__．Payment on these buses is usually one yuan no matter __9__ you go.Other buses have a conductor(售票员)．His or her only job is __10__ money from passengers.On these buses，the price is usually based on how far you travel.