Supply chain
供应链专业术语缩写及含义
供应链专业术语缩写及含义供应链管理(Supply Chain Management,SCM)是一个涵盖了从原材料采购到最终产品销售的所有活动的一个全面概念。
在企业内部,供应链包括了从生产计划到物流管理的所有相关部门。
而在企业外部,供应链则包括了与供应商、承运商、零售商等合作伙伴之间的合作活动。
供应链管理的目标是降低成本、提高效率、提升客户满意度、缩短产品生命周期等。
在实践中,供应链管理不仅包括了内部的生产和物流管理,还要关注包括采购、配送、库存管理、供应商管理、需求预测、销售管理等所有环节。
因此,对于从事供应链管理工作的人员来说,熟悉供应链管理的相关专业术语和缩写是非常重要的。
1.专业术语缩写及含义1.1产品生命周期管理(PLM):Product Lifecycle Management,指以产品为中心,通过整合企业内外的信息与资源来管理产品从设计、生产、销售到退役的全过程。
1.2物流管理(LM):Logistics Management,指对产品的采购、运输、仓储和配送等活动的管理。
1.3供应链规划(SCP):Supply Chain Planning,指基于需求预测和生产资源的管理来规划供应链的运作。
1.4采购管理(PM):Purchasing Management,指对原材料和零部件的采购活动的管理。
1.5库存管理(IM):Inventory Management,指对库存的需求预测、补货和监控等活动的管理。
1.6供应商关系管理(SRM):Supplier Relationship Management,指对供应商的选择、评价和管理的活动。
1.7需求预测(DF):Demand Forecasting,指基于市场需求和产品销售数据来预测产品需求的活动。
1.8客户关系管理(CRM):Customer Relationship Management,指对客户的市场调研、销售管理和售后服务等活动的管理。
基于Supply Chain 4
基于Supply Chain 4.0技术的物流管理创新现代物流管理日益依赖于科技的创新和进步。
供应链技术的不断发展已经成为企业物流管理的重要组成部分。
Supply Chain 4.0技术的出现,给传统物流管理带来了极大的变革和革新,提高了物流效率,满足了客户需求,提高了企业竞争力。
一、Supply Chain 4.0技术的概述Supply Chain 4.0技术是指通过物联网、大数据、云计算等技术来实现供应链数字化、智能化和网络化的现代化供应链。
核心是通过以物联网和云计算为基础,使得整个供应链数据流无缝连接,实现供应链智能化管控、实时信息掌握、供应链协同资源配置。
二、Supply Chain 4.0技术在物流管理中的运用1. 无缝衔接Supply Chain 4.0技术能够实现不同环节之间的无缝连接,将整个物流供应链系统有机地结合起来,从而形成高效的物流网络。
2. 大数据分析Supply Chain 4.0技术中的大数据分析,可以有效地分析客户需求、制定物流计划、实现订单管理、跟踪及供应链风险管理。
通过大数据分析,可以实现不同环节的准时准点,并更好地满足客户需求。
3. 物联网技术Supply Chain 4.0中的物联网技术可以实现各个物流环节的自动化管理。
在物流运输环节,可以通过物联网技术控制物流运输车辆的行驶轨迹、速度、驾驶员的实时位置信息等,为物流管理提供实时数据支持,有效掌握物流仓储和运输信息。
4. 云计算技术Supply Chain 4.0中的云计算技术可以让企业更好地协同工作,实现供应链资源共享、协同工作和交流互动。
并借助于云端提供的强大的数据存储和计算能力,实现高效的数据处理和资源管理。
三、Supply Chain 4.0技术的应用实例1. 物流IT物流IT 是典型的 Supply Chain 4.0应用之一。
它利用物联网和云计算技术,提升了物流管理系统的效率,改善了工作方式,并让客户和物流企业之间的交互更加顺畅。
供应链复习资料
答:
4、推动式和拉动式供应链运作方式是供应链的两种不同运作方式,是举例阐述两者之
简答题
1、实施供应链管理战略有哪些策略可选用?作具体说明。 答:推动式、拉动式运作方式:
间的区别:
答:
推动式运作机制
制造商:
预测驱动
主生产计划(MPS) 面向分销中心的 补 货(设置安全库存水 平)
零售商:
订货点(根据仓库库存 水平和历史预测数据 决定)
交易、促销、提前采购
提前期
在不增加成本的前提下缩 短提前期
采取主பைடு நூலகம்措施减少提前期
选择供应商 的方法
选择的重点是依据成本和
质量
选择的重点是依据速度、柔性和质量
产品设计战
略
绩效最大、成本最小
使用模块化设计,尽量延迟产品差异 化
效率型供应链主要体现供应链的物料转换功能,而响应型供应链供应链主要体现供应 链对市场需求的响应功能,所以,随着场竞争激烈、顾客化需求日益明显,响应型更 具适应性。
ABC成本法activity based costing approach
物流logistics物流延迟logistics postponement第三方物流third party logistics第四方物流fourth party logistics
库存inventory联合管理库存joint managed inventory ,JMI
供应商管理库存vender managed inventory ,VMI
多级库存管理multi-stage managed inventory ,MMI名词解释:
供应链的结构Supply-Chain Configurations
供应链的结构Supply-Chain Configurations供应链是指产品生产和流通过程中所涉及的原材料供应商、生产商、分销商、零售商以及最终消费者等成员通过与上游、下游成员的连接linkage 组成的网络结构。
基本要素一般来说,构成供应链的基本要素包括:1.供应商供应商指给生产厂家提供原材料或零、部件的企业。
2.生产商生产商即产品制造商。
产品生产的最重要环节,负责产品生产、开发和售后服务等。
3.分销商分销商为实现将产品送到经营地理范围每一角落而设的产品流通代理企业。
4.零售商零售商将产品销售给消费者的企业。
5.物流商物流商即上述企业之外专门提供物流服务的企业。
其中批发、零售、物流业也可以统称为流通业。
基本配置There are many Different Supply-Chain Configurations as below:直接供应链Direct supply chain延伸式供应链Extended supply chain最终供应链Ultimate supply chain典型制造商的供应链如下:典型的服务组织的供应链A supply chain 供应链 encompasses all activities 所有活动 associated withthe flow and transformation 流动和转换原料阶段(extraction) through to the end user最终使用者, as well as the associated information flows信息流动【】Please be note that there are 3 determinations(1)The flow of materials物料流动determines inventory levels库存水平.(2)The performance of the numerous [ ⏹◆❍☜❒☜♦]众多的suppliersdetermines the inward flow of materials物料的内向流动.(3)The performance of the firm’s marketing, production, and distributionprocesses determines the outward flow of products产品的外向流动.The supply chain for a firm can be very complicated [ ❍☐●♓♏♓♦♓♎]复杂的, as below figure shown.Suppliers are often identified by their position in the supply chain. Here,tier1 suppliers 第一层的供应商provide materials or services that are used directly by the firm, tier 2 suppliers supply tier 1 suppliers, and so on.The value of supply-chain management becomes apparent [☜☐✌❒☜⏹♦]明显的, 表面上的when the complexity[ ☜❍☐●♏♦♓♦♓]复杂(性) of the supply-chain is recognized.。
supply chain英语作文
supply chain英语作文Supply chain management (SCM) is a critical aspect of modern business operations. In today’s interconnected world, where companies operate in a global marketplace, the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain can determine the success or failure of a business. This essay explores the importance of supply chain management, its key components, and the benefits it brings to businesses.Supply chain management involves the coordination and management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion, and logistics. It encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service providers, and customers. Inessence, SCM integrates supply and demand management within and across companies.1. Sourcing and ProcurementSourcing and procurement involve selecting suppliers that provide goods and services needed for production. Effective procurement strategies ensure that the materials are of high quality and cost-effective. Building strong relationships with suppliers is crucial to secure reliable and timely supplies, which can significantly impact production schedules and overall business efficiency.2. Manufacturing and ProductionThis component covers the transformation of raw materials into finished products. Efficient manufacturing processes are essential to maintain high productivity levels, reduce waste, and ensure the quality of the final product. Thisrequires meticulous planning and control, from scheduling production runs to maintaining machinery and equipment.3. Logistics and DistributionLogistics involves the transportation and storage of goods. It ensures that products are delivered to customers on time and in the right condition. Efficient logistics require a well-organized transportation network and effective inventory management to balance supply and demand. Warehousing also plays a critical role in logistics, providing storage solutions that help manage inventory levels and meet customer needs promptly.4. Demand Planning and ForecastingAccurate demand planning and forecasting are vital to avoid overproduction or underproduction. By predicting customer demand, businesses can better manage their inventory levels, reduce holding costs, and ensure that they meet customer needs without delay. Advanced analytical toolsand data management systems are often used to improve the accuracy of demand forecasts.5. Returns ManagementReturns management, or reverse logistics, deals with handling returned products. This includes processes for returning goods, restocking, refurbishing, and recycling. Efficient returns management can enhance customer satisfaction and recovery of value from returned products, thus contributing to overall supply chain efficiency.1. Cost ReductionOne of the primary benefits of effective supply chain management is cost reduction. By optimizing procurement, production, and logistics processes, businesses can reduce costs related to raw materials, production delays, transportation, and warehousing. Efficient supply chains also minimize the need forexcess inventory, which reduces holding costs and capital expenditure.2. Improved EfficiencyEffective SCM enhances the efficiency of business operations. Streamlined processes, improved coordination, and real-time data sharing among supply chain partners enable businesses to respond quickly to changes in demand and supply conditions. This agility leads to improved production schedules, faster delivery times, and better customer service.3. Enhanced Customer SatisfactionA well-managed supply chain ensures that products are available to customers when they need them. Timely delivery and high-quality products improve customer satisfaction and loyalty. Additionally, effective returns management processes ensure that any issues are resolved swiftly, further enhancing the customer experience.4. Risk MitigationEffective supply chain management helps businesses identify potential risks and develop strategies to mitigate them. By diversifying suppliers, maintaining safety stock, and developing contingency plans, companies can reduce the impact of disruptions such as natural disasters, supplier failures, or geopolitical issues. This resilience ensures business continuity and protects the company’s reputation.5. Competitive AdvantageIn today’s competitive business environment, a well-managed supply chain can provide a significant competitive advantage. Companies that can deliver products faster, more reliably, and at lower costs than their competitors are more likely to succeed. Efficient SCM allows businesses to respond swiftly to market changes, capitalize on new opportunities, and maintain a strong market position.In conclusion, supply chain management is a vital component of modern business operations. It encompasses a range of activities, from sourcing and procurement to logistics and distribution, all aimed at delivering products to customers efficiently and effectively. The benefits of effective SCM, including cost reduction, improved efficiency, enhanced customer satisfaction, risk mitigation, and competitive advantage, highlight its importance in achieving business success. As global markets continue to evolve, the role of supply chain management will only become more critical, making it essential for businesses to invest in optimizing their supply chain processes.。
Supply Chain Integration (供应链整合)
7
A new Supply Chain Paradigm ― Push-Pull Supply Chain (新的供应链范式—推拉式供应链)
The initial stages, are operated in a push-based manner while the remaining stages employ a pullbased strategy. (供应链上游采用推式策略而下游则采用 拉式策略) The interface between the push-based stages and the pull-based stages is the push-pull boundary. (推拉式策 略的接口称作推拉边界)
A Newer Paradigm: Pull Strategies (新范式:推式策略)
Production is demand driven (生产是需求驱动的) Production and distribution coordinated with true customer demand (生产与配送按照真实的顾客需求协调) Firms respond to specific orders (公司应对具体的订单) Pull Strategies result in (推式策略导致): Reduced lead times (better anticipation) (提前期的减少) Decreased inventory levels at retailers and manufacturers (零售 商与制造商库存水平的减少) Decreased system variability (系统变动性的减少) Better response to changing markets (更好应对变化的市场) But: Harder to leverage economies of scale (规模效应小) 6 Doesn’t work in all cases (不是总有效,买车的例子 )
1.supply chain management供应链管理
carry on:经营,从事 coordinated:协调
练习:
项目管理将工商管理的所有功Байду номын сангаас整合于一 个项目小组以达到协调管理的目的。
cycle time
Text 1 Supply Chain Management
【Para 4】The Goal of Supply Chain Management(供应链管理的目标)
Since World War II, with the development of the operations research and management science, there has been an increasing interest in supply chain planning and management. Working together, supply chain planners/managers and all members of the front, middle and back end of the supply chain may enhance revenue, cost control, and asset utilization as well as customer satisfaction.
Text 1 Supply Chain Management
Optimization promises to improve a company's supply chain performance in a variety of areas: Reducing supply costs Improving product margins Increasing manufacturing throughput Better return on assets
物流英语Chapter6SupplyChain
[3] Companies have therefore adopted various strategies(Partnering, In-Transit Inventor Cost) to compensate for the longer supply chain. For example, companies are locating distribution centers closer to customer markets so they can better serve these markets.
全句译为:客户与供应商关系的紧密程度 在很多方面因供应链类型而异。
[8]The adoption of the term supply chain management in lieu of materials management or purchasing reflects top management’s recognition of the strategic role of suppliers in contributing to the long-term success of the firm.
• 全句译为:只要得知已存在的实际需求,供应 链上企业可以降低库存地更加精益地生产和服 务,从而,提高对市场变化的快速反应。
END
in terms of adv.根据, 按照, 用...的话, 在...方面,“it”在此是“in a firm’s supply chain”中的“firm”。
全句译为:围绕与其直接交易的这些企业 来说,图15-1 所示的就是构成企业供应 链的主要成员。
supply-Chain-management(中文)
供应链管理供应链管理(Supply Chain Management ,简称SCM)目录[隐藏]∙ 1 供应链管理的定义与内容∙ 2 供应链管理方法∙ 3 为什么要实施供应链管理∙ 4 供应链管理与优化的方法∙ 5 供应链管理提出的时代背景[1]∙ 6 供应链管理中的关键问题∙7 供应链管理的发展趋势∙8 供应链管理理论的演进[2]∙9 供应链管理的载体[7]∙10 供应链管理的基本要求[7]∙11 供应链管理的方法∙12 供应链管理的步骤∙13 供应链管理面临的挑战∙14 供应链管理的四大支点o14.1 1、以顾客为中心o14.2 2、强调企业的核心竟争力o14.3 3、相互协作的双赢理念o14.4 4、优化信息流程∙15 供应链管理思想∙16 供应链管理的八大管理原理∙17 供应链管理的战略意义[7]∙18 实施供应链管理的对策[7]∙19 SCM在制造业的实施[1]∙20 供应链管理案例分析o20.1 案例一:中国石油电子商务[8]o20.2 案例二:丰田汽车精细流程[8]o20.3 案例三:戴尔公司[9]o20.4 案例四:德州仪器的供应链管理[10]∙21 相关链接∙22 参考文献[编辑]供应链管理的定义与内容供应链管理(Supply Chain Management ,简称SCM):就是指在满足一定的客户服务水平的条件下,为了使整个供应链系统成本达到最小而把供应商、制造商、仓库、配送中心和渠道商等有效地组织在一起来进行的产品制造、转运、分销及销售的管理方法。
供应链管理包括计划、采购、制造、配送、退货五大基本内容。
计划:这是SCM的策略性部分。
你需要有一个策略来管理所有的资源,以满足客户对你的产品的需求。
好的计划是建立一系列的方法监控供应链,使它能够有效、低成本地为顾客递送高质量和高价值的产品或服务。
采购:选择能为你的产品和服务提供货品和服务的供应商,和供应商建立一套定价、配送和付款流程并创造方法监控和改善管理,并把对供应商提供的货品和服务的管理流程结合起来,包括提货、核实货单、转送货物到你的制造部门并批准对供应商的付款等。
what is a supply chain
What is a Supply Chain?A supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request. The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customers themselves. Within each organization, such as manufacturer, the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and filling a customer request. These functions include, but are not limited to, new product development, marketing, operations, distribution, finance, and customer service.Consider a customer walking into a Wal-Mart store to purchase detergent. The supply chain begins with the customer and their need for detergent. The next stage of this supply chain is the Wal-Mart retail store that the customer visits. Wal-Mart stocks its shelves using inventory that may have been supplied from a finished-goods warehouse that Wal-Mart manages or from a distributor using trucks supplied by a third party. The distributor in turn is stocked by the manufacturer (say Procter & Gamble [P&G] in this case). The P&G manufacturing plant receives raw material from a variety of suppliers who may themselves have been supplied by lower tier suppliers. For example, packaging material may come from Tenneco packaging while Tenneco receives raw materials to manufacture the packaging from other suppliers.A supply chain is dynamic and involves the constant flow of information, product, and funds between different stages. In our example, Wal-Mart provides the product, as well as pricing and availability information, to the customer. The customer transfers funds to Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart conveys point-of-sales data as well as replenishment order via trucks back to the store. Wal-Mart transfers funds to the distributor after the replenishment. The distributor also provides pricing information and sends delivery schedules to Wal-Mart. Similar information, material, and fund flows take place across the entire supply chain.In another example, when a customer purchases online from Dell Computer, the supply chain includes, among others, the customer, Dell’s Web site that takes the customer’s order, the Dell assembly plant, and all of Dell’s suppliers and their suppliers. The Web site provides the customer with information regarding pricing, product variety, and product availability. Having made a product choice, the customer enters the site to check the status of the order. Stages further up the supply chain use customer order information to fill the order. That process involves an additional flow of information, product, and funds between various stages of the supply chain.These examples illustrate that the customer is an integral part of the supply chain. The primary purpose from the existence of any supply chain is to satisfy customer needs, in the process generating profits for itself. Supply chain activities begin with a customer order and end when a satisfied customer has paid for his or her purchase. The term supply chain conjures up images of product or supply moving from suppliers to manufacturers to distributors to retailers to customers along a chain. It is important to visualize information, funds, and product flows along both directions of this chain. Theterm supply chain may also imply that only one player is involved at each stage. In reality, a manufacturer may receive material from several suppliers and then supply several distributors. Thus, most supply chains are actually networks. It may be more accurate to use the term supply network or supply web to describe the structure of most supply chains.A typical supply chain may involve a variety of stages. These supply chain stages include:•Customers•Retailers•Wholesalers/Distributors•Manufacturers•Component/Raw material suppliersEach stage need not be presented in a supply chain. The appropriate design of the supply chain will depend on both the customer’s needs and the roles of the stages involved. In some cases, such as Dell, a manufacturer may fill customer orders directly. Dell builds-to-order; that is, a customer order initiates manufacturing at Dell. Dell does not have a retailer, wholesaler, or distributor in its supply chain. In other cases, such as the mail order company L.L. Bean, manufacturers do not respond to customer orders directly. In this case, L.L. Bean maintains an inventory or product from which they fill customer orders. Compared to the Dell supply chain, the L.L. Bean supply chain contains an extra stage (the retailer, L.L. Bean itself) between the customer and the manufacturer. In the case of other retail stores, the supply chain may also contain a wholesaler or distributor between the store and the manufacturer.Chopra, Sunil and Peter Meindl. Supply Chain Management. 2 ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.。
Supply chain名词解释
Lecture 1 IntroductionSC : Supply Chain 供应链SCM : Supply Chain Management 供应链管理QCDS : Quality, Cost, Delivery, Service 质量,成本,运送,服务B2B : Business to BusinessNPD : New Product Development 新产品发展NPI : New Product Introduction 新产品介绍ECR : Efficient Consumer Response 有效地顾客回应3PL : Third Party Logistics 第三方物流4PL : 4th Party Logistics 第四方物流WCM : World Class Manufacturing 世界级制造Lecture 2 What happens in logisticsSub-optimization and trade-offsTLC : Total Logistic Concept 总物流概念DPP : Direct product profitability 直接产品盈利性MRP : Manufacturing resource planning 制造资源计划DRP : Distribution requirements planning 配送需求计划ERP : Enterprise resource planning 企业资源规划JIT : Just-in-time 无库存制度NDC : National Distribution Centre 全国配送中心EDI : Electronic Data Interchange 电子数据交换Lecture 3 Aims of SCMTQM : Total Quality Management 全面质量管理BPR : Business Process Reengineer 业务流程重组SCD : Supply Chain Development 供应链发展OEM : Original Equipment Manufacturer 原始设备制造商JIC : Just In Case 以防万一MRP: a. Material Requirement Planning 物料需求计划b. Materials Resource Planning 物料资源计划Lecture 4 Purchasing, customer service &TAC ISO : International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织TAC : Total Acquisition Cost 总采购成本+WLC :Whole Life Costs 计划的全期成本=TCO : Total Cost of Ownership 总拥有成本EOL : End Of Life 项目终止/停产PDCA : Plan-Do-Check-Action 策划-实施-检查-改进OTD : On-Time Delivery 准时交货CPFR : Collaborative Planning, Forecasting & Replenishment 预测与补货Lecture 5 Logistics and SC improvement/strategy VRIO : Value, Rareness, Imitability, Organization 内部分析框架KPI : Key Performance Indicators 关键绩效指标Lecture 6 International Logistics, outsourcing and Transport NAFTA : North American Free Trade Agreement 北美自由贸易协定ASEAN : Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟MHE : Materials Handling Equipment 物料搬运设备COD : Cash On Delivery 货到付款FOB : Free On Board 船上交货Lecture 7 Inventory in the SC and intro to MRP and ERP WIP : Work In Process 在制品TPM : Total Productive Maintenance 全面生产维护EOQ : Economic order quantity 经济订货量FOQ : Fixed order quantity 固定订货批量FOC : Fixed Order Cycle 固定订货周期FMCG : Fast Moving Consumer Goods 快速消费品MPS : Master Production Scheduling 主生产计划BOM : Bill Of Materials 物料清单PAC : Production Activity Control 生产作业控制ROI : Return On Investment 投资回报率Lecture 8 Lean and Modern TrendsPM : Project Management 项目管理CI : Continuous Improvement 持续改进RFT : Right the First Time 产品首次合格率SMED : Single Minute Exchange of Die 一分钟更换模具DFM : Design For Manufacturability 可制造型设计FMS : Flexible Manufacturing System 弹性制造系统Lecture 9 TQM in SC and LogisticsQC : Quality Control 质量控制QA : Quality Assurance 质量保证COQ : Cost Of Quality 质量成本TPS : Toyota Production System 丰田生产系统SPC : Statistical Process Control 统计过程控制Lecture 10 Technology and Future ChallengesRFID : Radio Frequency Identification 射频识别技术LIS : Logistics Information System 物流信息系统OMS : Order Management System 订单管理系统WMS : Warehouse Management System 仓库管理系统TMS : Transportation Management System 运输管理系统。
供应链运作参考模型SupplyChainOperationsReference
• SCOR的四层结构在供应链管理上的特征
– 第一层:提供一个广泛的对计划、外购、制造、发 送过程类型的定义,是一个企业建立供应链目标的 起点。
– 第二层:定义了26种核心过程目录,这些都有可能 是供应链的组成部分。企业可以从这些核心过程选 择适合自己需要的,构造实际的或理想的供应链。
– 第三层:为企业提供提高供应链绩效所需要的计划 和设置目标的信息。计划部分包括流程要素定义、 问题诊断、行业目标选择、系统软件能力等。
信
数量
息
管 理 层
数据处 理模型
供应链企业 运作状况分 析与判断
例外管理 规则
原因分析 与预警
OK?
放弃原有合 作伙伴
管理层
例行管 理规则
一、 SCOR的产生
• SCOR的产生
– SCOR:Supply-Chain Operations Reference – SCC的创立
为了帮助企业实施供应链管理,以两个咨询公司—— PRTM和AMR为主,加上其他美国的几个领先的企业, 组成了一个小组,并于1996年宣布成立了供应链理事 会(Supply-Chain Council)。 – SCC选择了一个参考模型,经过发展、试验、完善, 于1997年发布出了供应链参考模型——SCOR。 – SCC将供应链参考模型(SCOR)看作描述和改进运作 过程效率的工业标准。SCC成员支持SCOR作为供应链 管理的标准模式。
杆法标准 – 对第一流管理实践的描述体系 – 能保证最优实施效果的软件产品
SCOR建立在四个不同的流程环节基础上
二、 SCOR的构成
流程参考模型将许多优秀的企业流程重构、标杆法和流程度 量等概念集成进了一个跨功能的框架之中。
企业流程重构
供应链管理大纲
供應鏈管理之重要性
供應鏈從客戶開始,到客戶結束。 SCM是ERP的基礎上發展起來的,把企業活動與合作夥 伴整合在一起,成爲一個嚴密的有機體。 SCM幫助管理人員有效分配資源,最大限度提高效率和 減少工作周期。 市場競爭已不再是單純的企業與企業之間的競爭,而是 供應鏈與供應鏈之間的競爭。 戴爾電腦今日之成就,原因在於超高效率供應鏈管理。 供應鏈e化乃是企業e化與獲利的關鍵。
14 第七章 供應鏈管理 (SCM)
供應鏈發展階段
SAP為評估企業發展SCM的階段,提出「SAP卓越階段 (Stages of Excellence)」。 第一階段:不連結系統,這個階段企業顯著的特色是擁 有許多獨立系統、人工而且無效率的通訊方式。 第二階段:建立內部與外部介面,在這個階段,企業仍 是功能組織,但尚未善用網際網路的力量。此階段的買 賣雙方均以交易為重。 第三階段:內部整合及有限的外部整合效率,此階段的 企業是跨功能型態的組織。 第四階段:多企業整合,無縫式資訊分享,及互動化協 作都包含在此階段。協作模式連結了交易伙伴,進而促 使他們的運作宛如一家虛擬企業。
2 第七章 供應鏈管理 (SCM)
供應鏈管理之定義
SCM(Supply Chain Management)是對供應鏈中的資訊 流、物流和金流進行設計、規劃和控制,從而增強競爭實 力,提高供應鏈中各成員的效率和效益。 Simchi-Levi(2001)對SCM所下的定義:
供應鏈管理是利用一連串有效率的方法,來整合供應商、 製造商、倉庫和商店。 使得商品能以正確的數量生產,並在正確的時間配送到 正確的地點。 主要目的是要達到令人滿意的服務水準,並使得整體系 統成本最小化。 SCM兼顧了需求與供應,鏈上每一個環節都含有「供和需」 兩方面。
SupplyChainManagement供应链管理(精)
快速反應 (Quick Response)
快速反應創造一個能快速滿足顧客需求的企業合作 環境。
供應鏈管理的管理機能
即時訂單確認、即時產銷協調
由運籌中心,負責進行整體的產銷資訊管理與運作。
生產需求規劃
透過統計、歷史資料、產品特性,預作需求規劃。
利潤分析
即時分析利潤,使利潤最佳化。
通路管理
有效運用通路,即時回應客戶的要求,並減少庫存。
與企業中其他資訊系統的整合能力
ERP、CRM、MES、……之整合。
資
訊
流
供 應 鏈 管 理 系 統 架 構
第一層 供應商
第二層 供應商
採購
物管
生產
實體 配銷
市場 行銷
顧客
消費者
產品流(Product Flow)
顧客關係管理(Customer Relationship Management)
顧客服務管理(Customer Service Management)
Service Delivery
ERP
e-business Infrastructure
SCM
何謂供應鏈?
供應鏈 (Supply Chain)
指連接製造商、供應商、零售商和顧客所組 合而成的一產品或服務體系
下游是最接近消費者的零售商物料的 控制、生產、行銷、到配銷運籌管理
何謂供應鏈管理?
Martha, Douglas and Janus (1997)
供應鏈管理範疇包含自最終使用者回溯至起始供應 商之間各種商業程序的整合,此一程序可提供產品、 服務及資訊並增加顧客及各層級單位之附加價值。
Dornier, Ernst, Fender and Kouvelis (1998)
Supply Chain .ppt
2020/5/3
Supply Chain Management--Suqian Zha
9
Logistics/Supply Chain Customer Service
Example
Suppose that a package courier service promises to deliver to customers by 10:00 AM in the morning after picking. Delivery later than two hours after the promised delivery time is unacceptable. The company is penalized 10 dollars in the form of customer rebate for each late delivery. Here ,we know the process cost ia found to decline with increasing deviation from the target value as PC= 20 – 5 (y-m) , what should be the maximum deviation time from the target delivery time m?
2020/5/3
Supply Chain Management--Suqian Zha
10
Logistics/Supply Chain Customer Service
L = k (y - m)( y - m) 10= k (2-0) (2-0) K=2.5
TC= A-B(y-m)+k(y-m)(y-m) TC’=-B+2k(y-m) (y -m)= B/2k y – m =5/5=1
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SHANGHAI BANGDE VOCATIONAL COLLEGE-TasTAFE InstituteSino Australian Logistic Management1nd Semester, 2015-2016Course Name: TLIL5055A Manage a supply chainReport for: New balanceStudent Name: Cecilia Teacher: TracyStudent number: 201325101 Date: 2015/11/29SummaryTable of ContentSummary (2)Introduction (4)Company Information (5)Company’s Main Goals (5)Company’s Business Model and Reason (6)Product Sector (6)Main Products (6)Main Service (6)Product classification (6)Company supply chain management network model (7)Supply chain strategy (8)Implementation of supply chain management strategies (13)Technology and software (13)Policies, procedures and business processes (13)Support (14)Manage a supply chain (15)Product of supply chain (15)Product description and sales (15)Picture or evidence (16)Map the chain for one product (17)Communication and information exchange (18)Relationship with supplier/agent/distributor (18)Sales, payments, other terms, risk management strategies (19)Identification of opportunities and future improvement (20)Evaluation of supply chain (22)Effectives of supply chain (23)Feedback, business data, report (23)Improvement (24)Model .......................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
Technology and equipment..................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
Conclusion .. (25)Reference (26)IntroductionThe purpose of this project is to understand the New Balance’s supply chain; Therefore, we chose the flagship store located in Shanghai Huaihai road.We will study the supply chain from many angles, so we have made the corresponding investigation.Company name: New BalanceCompany InformationJ. Riley William, founded New balance,in 1906 in the United States, has become a large number of successful entrepreneurs and political leaders love to use the brand, in the United States and many countries known as the president's jogging shoes, jogging shoes king".The concept store New Balance is located in Shanghai Huaihai Road opened in 2013 October, store address: No. 988 Huaihai Zhong Road, Shanghai.New Balance brand in China to open second new concept experience store, New Balance will be here to show a full year of brand evolution history, the most comprehensive product features and latest and most professional shoe models.Company’s Main GoalsCommitted to provide top quality shoes for Chinese consumers, the new concept of experience shop will be in the form of bring customer different previous shoe shopping experience. Bring unprecedented new surprises for the brand enthusiasts.At the same time, it is also hoped that the popular global running culture into china.Show the charm of its own company.Become the largest and most famous flagship store in Shanghai.Company’s Business Model and ReasonHorizontal integration. Because New Balance’s core product is shoes, the aim is to sell shoes in numerous market through subsidiary companies.Product SectorMTO (Make to order)Main ProductsShoes, ClothesMain ServiceAfter-sale service,Pre-sale serviceProduct classificationFMCG (Fast moving consumer goods)Company supply chain management network modelCore and Extended Supply ChainsManufacturingOD (Original design)OE (Original equipment)CM (Contract manufacturing)4 ComponentsTransport: See as “service” + ModesSystem:Order management systems, Warehouse management systems, Transport management systems, Logistics modeling and simulation, Inventory optimization tools Location: The nodes of the network. Manufacturer, Company headquarter, Flagship store Relationships: Customer/SupplierLogistics Service Providers and their serviceSupply chain strategy1. Customer ServiceLevel of serviceNew Balance has a more advanced and comprehensive service policy. In addition to some of basic industries in general policy, there are the following:1) Reservation service before new product sales.2) Product personal customization service.3) Shoes consultant service.4) Professional foot type measurement service.Product segmentMen's Shoes, Women's Shoes, Men's clothing, Women's clothing,Accessories.InvestigationThrough a questionnaire survey to understand the customer whether aware of company's service information.2. Transport & DistributionTransport mode: RoadwayDelivery patterns: CIF:Cost + Freight + InsuranceStorage location: Headquarters and flagship store has its own warehouseTime: Goods arrival at 9:00 – 9:30 in the morning, before opening a shop3. Inventory LocationFlagship store has its own warehouseAddress: No. 988 HuaihaiZhong Road, Shanghai4. Inventory ManagementBecause my store is in Shanghai, and Chungjye Shoes Company manufactures all the products in shanghai, so is the regional modal.5. Cost/AssetDue to the influence of high operating costs, in order to realize the profit maximization, choose the mode of operation of the small profits and quick turnover, thus find balance between the profit and cost.6. Business &Channel1) Social networks2) Electronic commerce3) Magazine publicity7. Outsourcing strategyWill transport, financial, legal and technology outsourcing to other companies or organizations.Because new balance did not have own system about the transport of goods, so they havethe need for SF logistics outsourcing.Financial: Need for store the money to the bank.Legal:Need for professional legal counsel and law firm.Technology: Need professional personnel to carry out technical support.Level of outsourcingNew Balance and its outsourcing projects both companies and organizations have long-term and stable cooperation.8. Strategy Chain for “retailers”1) Suppliers strict criteriaa) Delivery of goods should be of good quality and right quantity.b) Orders should be processed in a timely manner.c) Suppliers should have good customer service system.d) The supplier shall have a good reputation in the peer enterprises.2) Deliver goodsa) Quantity correctb) On time deliveryc) All goods quality is guaranteed3) Stock rotationDepending on how much of the inventory is required to purchase goods.4) Balance Outsourcing levelRisks: The quality of the goods is a problem. Not to arrive on time.Lost goods.Product life cycle: Growth period.Customers are familiar with the product, a large number of new customers began to buy, the market gradually expanded. Product mass production, the rapid increase in sales of enterprises.5) Implement latest logistics technologyOrder management systems,Warehouse management systems, Transport management systems, Logistics modeling and simulation, Inventory optimization tools.Implementation of supply chain management strategies Technology and softwareTechnology or software used to support the implementation1) Network product number registration software, it can help the store statistics thenumber of products and quality and feedback to suppliers.2) Communicate with suppliers through social software in time.Policies, procedures and business processesSafety/OHS Policy:1)All employees in the store should be familiar with and understand the security policy. 2)The equipment in the store needs to be checked and maintained regularly. Business Operation Policy:1)All employees in the store should be familiar with and understand the policy. 2) The manager will be able to fully understand the policy. 3)The manager can lead the staff to work effectively index.Customer Service Policy:1) All employees in the store should be familiar with and understand the policy. 2) Investigation of customer satisfaction.List 2 examples for business process/procedures relevant to supply chain management: 1)Calculation of production cost. 2)Search for suitable suppliers and factories.SupportInternal customersDesign department: Design the products that need to be made.Purchasing department: Communication with supplier on product prices and quantity. Finance department: Calculate relevant financial expensesTechnical department:The supply chain in the technical guidance and supportExternal customersCustomerCustomer satisfaction surveywas conducted every month.A questionnaire survey was conducted every six months.After-sales servicesMeet the product quality problems,can be returned within 7 days.Risk management strategiesManage a supply chainProduct of supply chainProduct description and salesProduct A: Shoes ML999MMUDescription: 22cm – 30cm Gray Both genderSales: RMB999.00 Footwear sales volume firstProduct B: ClothesAMT53517Description: Male models Hooded long-sleeved sweater leisure sports shirt Sales: RMB369.00 Apparel sales volume firstPicture or evidenceMap the chain for one productProduct A: ShoesSupplier TPL Manufacturer TPL Company headquarterCustomer Flagship store TPL Packaging Leather RubberSource supplierManufacturerSHANGGAO CHUNGJYE SHOES CO., LTDAddress:No. 1Sunshine Road,Gold Industrial Park,Shanggao County, Jiangxi ProvinceCommunication and information exchangeSupplierCommunicate with suppliers through email or some other social networking software every month.CustomerDeliver product information to customers through posters and magazinessemiannually.Relationship with supplier/agent/distributor1. Work together1) The supplier needs to maintain good and regular communication with headquarters.2) According to their own needs and the requirements of the supplier and modify thematter.3) According to the product price, sales and other aspects, discuss the cost price of theproduct.2. Level of relationshipPeer-to-peer. Because Chungjye Shoes Company has a lot of partners, while New Balance is one of them; they are a long-term and stable cooperation.3. Actions to build and faster relationshipSign contracts, and maintain long-term and stable cooperation, while the supplier can give preferential policies in time, and the company can increase production demand.Sales, payments, other terms, risk management strategies1. The payment and other terms negotiated between the store and itssupplier/agent/distributorPayment after receipt and confirmation.Traditional cash on delivery-- Transfer of modernization online2. The shop/store make the sales and payments to the supplier/agent/distributor According to the contract, pay after delivery.Identification of opportunities and future improvement Technology of automatic identification and data collection (AIDC)Automatic identification and data acquisition technology, the core content is to quickly and accurately the huge data on the site to effectively log into the database of the computer system, so as to speed up the logistics, passenger flow, capital flow rate, improve the economic efficiency of businesses and customer service level. Automatic identification and data acquisition technology applications, so that the Enterprise Resource System (ERP), Supply Chain System (SCM), Supplier System (SRM), Storage System (WMS), Transportation Systems (TMS) really play its resource tracking, planning, deployment of a powerful role.Bar code technologyOn the basis of the existing production management computer networking, the use of bar code technology, the first order number, part type, the number of products to form a bar code, in product parts and assembly of the production line to print and paste bar code, can easily access to product orders in a production line of the production process and the required materials and parts.Online orderThrough the online ordering platform, direct ordering and tracking order-processing status, through the visual order processing process, the realization of the purchase and sale of business cooperation, improve the order processing efficiency and data accuracy. Submitted online orders, according to the price policy, credit policy, inventory to confirm the order of theorder, as well as the subsequent delivery and settlement.InventoryConfirm receipt through online, automatically increase the store inventory, reduce the duplication of information input; improve the timeliness and accuracy of the dealer data; through regular maintenance of the library information to help enterprises to grasp the accurate channel inventory informationEvaluation of supply chainEffectives of supply chainFeedback, business data, reportData and ReportThe daily turnover of the store is uploaded to the company's internal business management system.FeedbackThe customer satisfaction survey was set up in the store, and the customer satisfaction questionnaire was conducted in each quarter.The rating and reason of the supply chainRating:4Reason:Because balance new is a company with perfect supply chain, it has a fixed supplier and stable source of tourists and long-term cooperation of logistics outsource companies, but in the technical aspects, balance new still has some room for improvement.ImprovementHardwareRegularly check and update the equipment, and the training of the equipment.SoftwareRegularly check and update the company's internal system and statistics to ensure that every employee will be used.Find a variety of ways of communication to ensure that the links between the parts of the supply chain is not interruptedConclusionReference。