中考现在完成时精粹总结(1)

现在完成时（1）

一、现在完成时的构成

have/has + 动词的过去分词（-ed）(have和has缩写为’ve, ’s)

例：I have given him ten dollars.

I have not(haven’t) given him ten dollars.

Have you given him ten dollars?

Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.

二、现在完成时的用法：

1、过去发生的动作，对现在产生影响。（强调结果）

a. Scientists have done all the research .(结果：得到了研究成果)

b. I have finished my homework.(结果：作业做完了)

2、过去发生的动作，一直持续到现在（或状态一直持续）。

a. I have studied English for 10 years.

b. She has worked in the factory for a long time.

3、现在完成时经常和since, for连用。（For+一段时间，since+过去时间或者句子）

a. We have known each other for ten years.

b. We have known each other since ten years ago.

c. We have known each other since we were children.

练习：1) ______ two years 2) ______ she left here 3) _______ last month

4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock

7) _____ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children

4、现在完成时与一段时间连用时，谓语动词必须用延续性动词。

a. Jerry has been a teacher for 3 years.

b. I have kept the book for two days.

如果谓语动词是瞬间动词，则要将其转换为延续性动词，例如：

a. I have bought the watch for a week. I have had the watch for a week.

b. Linda has joined the club for 3 years. Linda has been a member of the club for 3 years.

常用延续性动词与非延续性动词转换：leave→be away，borrow→keep，buy→have，begin/start→be on，die→be dead，move to→live i n，fin ish→be over，join→be in/be a member of，open sth.→keep sth. Open，fall ill→be ill，get up→be up，catch a cold→have a cold，get up—be up，put on—be on，close—be not open，lose—be missing，come back—be back

5、现在完成时可以表示到说话为止动作发生的次数。

a. It is the first time that I have been here.

b. He has been to Shanghai many times.

注意：1、现在完成时不能与表具体过去的时间状语连用。例如：just now, yesterday, last year 等，但常与already, yet, never, ever, ofen, several times, today, this week, lately, recently, during the last week, so far, up to now, up to the present等连用。

2、非延续性动词在否定结构中可用现在完成时。例如：We have n’t bought anything for two months./ I haven’t left here since 1987.

3、have/has gone to表示“已经去了某地”；have/has been to表示“曾经到过某地”。

现在完成时专题训练：

一、将下列句子转换成现在完成时，并说说其用法。

1.I saw the film.

2.She is going to tell her mother the truth.

3. I went there the day before yesterday.

4. The shop was closed yesterday.

5. We returned to Beijing two hours ago.

二、用since或者for填空

1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.

2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.

4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.

5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

三、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空

A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?

B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.

A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?

B: He _____________ there for three days.

A: When will he come back , do you know?

B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.

A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?

B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.

A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once.

三、单项选择

1. ---Do you know the Frenchman?

---Yes. I ______him for two years.

A. know

B. have known

C. knew

D. have been known

2. They______ all their money, so they have to walk home.

A. spend

B. had spent

C. have spent

D. will spend

3. Great changes_______ in the city, and a lot of factories_______.

A.have been taken place, have been set up

B.have taken place, have been set up

C.have taken place, have set up

D.were taken place, were set up

4. Hurry up! The play _______ for ten minutes.

A. has begun

B. began

C. has been on

D. has been

5. I ______ you for a long time. Where ______ you ______?

A. didn't seen; did, go

B. didn't see; have, gone

C. haven't seen; have, been

D. haven't seen; have gone