【全国市级联考word】黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题(有答案)
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二物理下学期期末考试试题
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二物理下学期期末考试试题一、选择题:(本题共12小题,每小题4分,共48分1-8题只有一个选项正确,9-12在题中有多个选项正确.全部选对得4分,选不全得2分,有选错的或不答的得0分.) 1.下列说法中正确的是A.汤姆孙发现了电子,并发现了天然放射现象B.对于ɑ射线、β射线、γ射线这三种射线而言,波长越长,其能量就越大C.天然放射现象的发现,说明原子可以再分D.黑体辐射的实验表明,随着温度的升高,辐射强度的极大值向波长较短方向移动 2.关于光子和运动着的电子,下列论述正确的是 A.光子和电子一样都是实物粒子B.光子能发生衍射现象,电子不能发生衍射现象C.光子和电子都具有波粒二象性D.光子具有波粒二象性,而电子只具有粒子性3.如图所示是光电管的原理图,已知当有波长为0λ的光照到阴极K 上时,电路中有光电流,则A.若换用波长为1λ(1λ>0λ)的光照射阴极K 时,电路中一定没有光电流B.若换用波长为2λ(2λ>0λ)的光照射阴极K 时,电路中一定没有光电流C.增加电路中电源电压,电路中的光电流不一定增大D.若将电源极性反接,电路中一定没有光电流产生4.如图所示,某原子的三个能级的能量分别为1E 、2E 和3E ,a 、b 、c 为原子跃迁所发出的三种波长的光,下列判断正确的是A.1E >3E >2EB.3E -2E =2E -1EC.a 光的频率最小D.c 光的波长最长5.一质点做速度逐渐增大的匀加速直线运动,在时间间隔t 内位移为s ,动能变为原来的16倍.该质点的加速度为A.2t s B.256t s C.24t s D.28t s 6.如图所示,理想变压器的原线圈接在u=2202sin100πt(V)的交流电源上,副线圈接有R=55Ω的负载电阻,原、副线圈匝数之比为2:1,电流表、电压表均为理想电表.下列说法正确的是A.原线圈的输入功率为2202WB.电流表的读数为1AC.电压表的读数为1102VD.副线圈输出交流电的周期为50s7.如图所示,甲乙两个质量相等的物体从高度相同、倾角不同的两个粗糙斜面顶端由静止开始下滑,到达斜面底端。
【全国市级联考】黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试物理试题(解析版)
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试物理试题一、选择题:(本题共12小题,每小题4分,共48分1-8题只有一个选项正确,9-12在题中有多个选项正确.全部选对得4分,选不全得2分,有选错的或不答的得0分.)1. 下列说法中正确的是A. 汤姆孙发现了电子,并发现了天然放射现象B. 对于ɑ射线、β射线、γ射线这三种射线而言,波长越长,其能量就越大C. 天然放射现象的发现,说明原子可以再分D. 黑体辐射的实验表明,随着温度的升高,辐射强度的极大值向波长较短方向移动【答案】D【解析】贝可勒尔发现天然放射性,由于天然放射性是原子发生变化而产生的,则说明原子核是有内部结构的,AC错误;波长越长,频率越小,根据可知能量越低,B错误;黑体辐射的实验表明,随着温度的升高,辐射强度的极大值向波长较短方向移动,D正确.2. 关于光子和运动着的电子,下列论述正确的是A. 光子和电子一样都是实物粒子B. 光子能发生衍射现象,电子不能发生衍射现象C. 光子和电子都具有波粒二象性D. 光子具有波粒二象性,而电子只具有粒子性【答案】C【解析】物质可分为两大类:一是质子、电子等实物;二是电场、磁场等,统称场.光是传播着的电磁场.根据物质波理论,一切运动的物体都具有波动性,故光子和电子都具有波粒二象性.综上所述,C选项正确。
3. 如图所示是光电管的原理图,已知当有波长为的光照到阴极K上时,电路中有光电流,则A. 若换用波长为(>)的光照射阴极K时,电路中一定没有光电流B. 若换用波长为(>)的光照射阴极K时,电路中一定没有光电流C. 增加电路中电源电压,电路中的光电流不一定增大D. 若将电源极性反接,电路中一定没有光电流产生【答案】C【解析】若换用波长为、(、)的光的频率有可能大于极限频率,电路中可能有光电流,AB错误;光电流的强度与入射光的强度有关,当光越强时,光电子数目会增多,而电压增加不会改变光电子数目,则光电流也不会影响,C正确;将电路中电源的极性反接,电子受到电场阻力,到达A极的数目会减小,则电路中电流会减小,甚至没有电流,D错误.【点睛】当入射光的频率大于或等于金属的极限频率时可发生光电效应,光电流的大小与光照强度有关.4. 如图所示,某原子的三个能级的能量分别为、和,a、b、c为原子跃迁所发出的三种波长的光,下列判断正确的是A. >>B. -=-C. a光的频率最小D. c光的波长最长【答案】C【解析】结合题图和电子跃迁时发出的光子的能量为可知,能量差等于光子a的能量,能量差等于光子b的能量,能量差等于光子c的能量,那么c对应的能量最大,而a对应的能量最小,即,且,则有,AB错误;又,c光的频率最高波长最小,a光的波长最长频率最小,C正确D错误.【点睛】1.电子跃迁时发出的光子的能量为;2.辐射光子能量越大,频率越大,波长越短,根据求出波长.5. 一质点做速度逐渐增大的匀加速直线运动,在时间间隔t内位移为s,动能变为原来的16倍.该质点的加速度为A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】设初速度为v0,末速度为v t,加速度为a,则位移为:,初动能为,末动能为,因为动能变为原来的9倍,所以有联立解得:;.由加速度定义可得:,故A正确,BCD错误.点晴:由题意知,动能变为原来的9倍,可解得末速度和初速度的倍数关系,结合位移公式,可分别求出初速度和末速度,再由加速度的定义求得质点的加速度.视频6. 如图所示,理想变压器的原线圈接在u=220sin100πt(V)的交流电源上,副线圈接有R=55Ω的负载电阻,原、副线圈匝数之比为2:1,电流表、电压表均为理想电表.下列说法正确的是A. 原线圈的输入功率为220WB. 电流表的读数为1AC. 电压表的读数为110VD. 副线圈输出交流电的周期为50s【答案】B【解析】由题意知,原线圈电压有效值为220V,原、副线圈匝数之比为2:1,由变压器原理可得:,电压表的示数为110V,故C错误;副线圈的电流为,由可得,,即电流表的读数为1A,故B正确;输入功率和输出功率相等可得,原线圈中的输入功率为,故A正确;由可知,角速度,则周期,解得:T=2s,理想变压器不改变周期,故D错误。
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试生物试题
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试生物试题一、选择题:(共60分。
本题共40小题,1一20小题每题1分,21—40小题每题2分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
)1.以下表示生命系统的结构层次中,范榻由小到大的顺序正确的是A.个体→细胞→种群→生态系统B.细胞→种群→个体→群落C.个体→群落→种群→生态系统D.细胞→个体→种群→群落2.下列有关蛋白质说法正确的是A.高温会使蛋白质的肽键断裂而发生变性B.斐林试剂鉴定蛋白质时呈现紫色C.人体蛋白类激素都可以起到息分子的作用D.蛋白质具有多样性,是由于氨基酸的种类、数目、排列顺序不同造成的3.下列结构或物质肯定不含核糖的是A.ATPB.酶C.质粒D.核糖体4.有关细胞器结构与功能的叙述,正确的是A.叶绿体参与洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂过程中细胞板的形成B.内质网是蛋白质合成、加工、分类和包装的“车间”C.硅肺是由于吞噬细胞的溶酶体中缺少水解桂坐的酶而造成的D.核糖体的形成都与核仁有关5.下列有关物质运输的叙述,错误的是A.缺氧不影响细胞的胞吞和胞吐的速率B.甘油进出细胞取决于其细胞内外的浓度差C.人成熟红细胞吸收K+过程中所需能量由无氧呼吸提供D.抑制祌经细胞内高尔基体的功能会影响兴奋在神经元之间的传递6.下列生理过程一定在生物膜上发生的是A.水绵细胞内水的产生B.黑藻细胞内C02的固定C.人体细胞内丙酮酸分解成乳酸的过程D.酵母菌细胞内[H]与02的结合7.如图所示为细胞结构模式图,则下列说法正确的是A.由结构1、2、3、4、5等的膜共同构成细胞的生物膜系统B.生殖腺细胞合成性激素需要结构1、3、4和5相互协作共同完成C.由结构6合成的物质不能通过核孔进入细胞核内起作用D.组成结构3的膜成分不可以转化成结构1的膜8.下列关于酶的叙述中,正确的是A.能产生激素的细胞一定能产生酶B.酶可提供化学反应所需的活化能C.人体中酶只在内环境中起作用D.酶的合成都要经过转录和翻译两个过程9.下列关于酶的相关实验的叙述,正确的是A.验证酶的高效性时,自变量是酶的种类B.斯帕兰札尼的实验证明了胃具有物理性消化的作用C.用淀粉、蔗糖酶和淀粉酶探究酶专一性时,可用碘液进行鉴定D.在探究影响淀粉酶活性的因素时,温度、酸碱度、实验的次数等都是自变量10.下列关于图甲、图乙、图丙的叙述,正确的是A.成熟的植物细胞能发生质壁分离的原因之一是其细胞膜相当于图甲中的③B.图乙中,三种物质进入细胞的方式中只有钠离子的运输不是主动运输C.图乙中,转运葡萄糖和钠离子的载体相同,可见载体不具有特异性D.图丙中,影响b点和C点的物质运输速率的因素分别是载体数量和能量11.下列说法正确的是A.自然界中的光能、热能、机械能、电能和化学能都可以转化为B.ATP中的能量ATP与ADP相互转化的能量供应机制是生物界的共性C.黑暗条件下,植物细胞中只有线粒体可以产生ATPD.酶催化的化学反应都需要消耗ATP12.据下图判断,下列有关叙述错误的是A.丙物质含有的元素为C、H、0、NB.乙物质为腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸,是RNA的基本组成单位之一C.酶1、酶2催化的反应均伴有大量的能量释放D.细胞中ATP的水解一般与放能反应相联系13.下图是某动物体细胞呼吸的过程。
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期4月月考数学试卷(文科)Word版含解析
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期4月月考数学试卷(文科)一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.设函数y=f(x),当自变量x由x0改变到x+△x时,函数值的改变量△y等于()A.f(x0+△x)B.f(x)+△x C.f(x)•△x D.f(x+△x)﹣f(x)2.若曲线y=x2+ax+b在点(0,1)处的切线方程是x﹣y+1=0,则()A.a=﹣1,b=﹣1 B.a=﹣1,b=1 C.a=1,b=﹣1 D.a=1,b=13.将正弦曲线y=sinx经过伸缩变换后得到曲线的方程的周期为()A.B.πC.2π D.3π4.已知f(x)=+4x,则f′(3)=()A.2 B.C.4 D.﹣5.设函数f(x)在定义域内可导,y=f(x)的图象如图所示,则函数y=f′(x)的图象可能是()A.B. C.D.6.若点P在曲线y=x3﹣3x2+(3+)x+上移动,经过点P的切线的倾斜角为α,则角α的取值范围是()A.[0,π] B.[0,)∪[,π)C.[,) D.[0,)∪(,)7.已知函数f(x)=mx3+3(m﹣1)x2﹣m2+1(m>0)的单调递减区间是(0,4),则m=()A .3B .C .2D .8.设a ∈R ,若函数y=e x +ax ,x ∈R ,有大于零的极值点,则( )A .a <﹣1B .a >﹣1C .D .9.函数的最大值为( )A .B .e 2C .eD .e ﹣110.2ρcos θ=1与圆ρ=2cos θ相交的弦长为( )A .3B .C .D .111.已知f (x )=ax 3,g (x )=9x 2+3x ﹣1,当x ∈[1,2]时,f (x )≥g (x )恒成立,则a 的取值范围是( )A .a ≤B .a ≤11C .a ≥D .a ≥1112.已知定义在R 上的奇函数f (x ),设其导函数为f′(x ),当x ∈(﹣∞,0]时,恒有xf′(x )<f (﹣x ),令F (x )=xf (x ),则满足F (3)>F (2x ﹣1)的实数x 的取值范围是( )A .(﹣2,1)B .(﹣1,)C .(,2)D .(﹣1,2)二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共计20分.13.已知函数f (x )=sinx•cosx,则f′()= .14.在极坐标系中,点(2,)到直线的距离是 .15.若函数f (x )=x 3﹣ax 2+(a ﹣1)x+1在区间(7,+∞)上为增函数,则实数a 的取值范围是 .16.函数f (x )=上的点到直线y=﹣x ﹣1的最短距离是 .三、解答题:解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 17.已知抛物线y=﹣x 2+4x ﹣3及其上两点A (0,﹣3),B (3,0), (1)分别求抛物线在A ,B 两点处的切线方程;(2)求由抛物线及其在A ,B 两点处的切线共同围成的图形的面积.18.已知f(x)=x3+2x2﹣4x+5(1)求函数f(x)的单调区间;(2)求f(x)在[﹣3,4]上的最值.19.设,其中a为正实数(Ⅰ)当a=时,求f(x)的极值点;(Ⅱ)若f(x)为R上的单调函数,求a的取值范围.20.在极坐标系中,已知圆C经过点(,),圆心为直线ρsin(θ﹣)=﹣与极轴的交点(1)求圆C的圆心坐标;(2)求圆C的极坐标方程.21.已知f(x)=ax3+bx2+cx在区间[0,1]上是增函数,在区间(﹣∞,0),(1,+∞)上是减函数,又.(Ⅰ)求f(x)的解析式;(Ⅱ)若在区间[0,m](m>0)上恒有f(x)≤x成立,求m的取值范围.22.已知函数f(x)=lnx,g(x)=f(x)+ax2+bx,函数g(x)的图象在点(1,g(1))处的切线平行于x轴.(1)确定a与b的关系;(2)若a≥0,试讨论函数g(x)的单调性;(3)设斜率为k的直线与函数f(x)的图象交于两点A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),(x1<x2),证明:.黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期4月月考数学试卷(文科)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.设函数y=f(x),当自变量x由x0改变到x+△x时,函数值的改变量△y等于()A.f(x0+△x)B.f(x)+△x C.f(x)•△x D.f(x+△x)﹣f(x)【考点】变化的快慢与变化率.【分析】根据题意函数y=f(x),我们知道当自变量x变化时,因变量也要发生变化,因此把x 0和x+△x分别代入函数y=f(x),然后相减求出△y.【解答】解:∵自变量x由x0改变到x+△x,当x=x0,y=f(x),当x=x0+△x,y=f(x+△x),∴△y=f(x0+△x)﹣f(x),故选D.2.若曲线y=x2+ax+b在点(0,1)处的切线方程是x﹣y+1=0,则()A.a=﹣1,b=﹣1 B.a=﹣1,b=1 C.a=1,b=﹣1 D.a=1,b=1【考点】利用导数研究曲线上某点切线方程.【分析】求出y=x2+ax+b的导数,由切点得到切线的斜率,由切线方程得到a,再由切点在曲线上求出b.【解答】解:y=x2+ax+b的导数是y′=2x+a,则在点(0,1)处的切线斜率为a,由切线方程得a=1,再由切点(0,1)在曲线上,则b=1.故选D.3.将正弦曲线y=sinx经过伸缩变换后得到曲线的方程的周期为()A.B.πC.2π D.3π【考点】平面直角坐标轴中的伸缩变换.【分析】根据坐标变换得出变换后的曲线解析式,利用周期公式得出.【解答】解:∵,∴,∴=sin2x′,即y′=3sin2x′,∴变换后的曲线周期为=π.故选B.4.已知f(x)=+4x,则f′(3)=()A.2 B.C.4 D.﹣【考点】导数的运算.【分析】先求导,再代值计算即可.【解答】解:∵f(x)=+4x,∴f′(x)=﹣+4,∴f′(1)=﹣f′(1)+4,∴f′(1)=2,∴f′(3)=﹣+4=,故选:B.5.设函数f(x)在定义域内可导,y=f(x)的图象如图所示,则函数y=f′(x)的图象可能是()A.B. C.D.【考点】函数的单调性与导数的关系.【分析】根据函数y=f(x)的图象得到它的三个单调区间,从而得到导数在(﹣∞,0)上先正后负,在(0,+∞)上导数为负数,由此对照各个选项,可得正确答案.【解答】解:如图,设函数图象上位于第二象限上的最大值点是x=x,根据y=f(x)的图象,可得当x∈(﹣∞,x)时函数为增函数,当x∈(x,0)和x∈(0,+∞)函数为减函数∴x=x0是函数的极大值,可得f'(x)=0,且当x∈(﹣∞,x0)时,f'(x)>0,当x∈(x,0)和x∈(0,+∞)时f'(x)<0由此对照各个选项,可得函数y=f′(x)的图象只有A项符合故选:A6.若点P在曲线y=x3﹣3x2+(3+)x+上移动,经过点P的切线的倾斜角为α,则角α的取值范围是()A.[0,π] B.[0,)∪[,π)C.[,) D.[0,)∪(,)【考点】利用导数研究曲线上某点切线方程.【分析】先求出函数的导数y′的解析式,通过导数的解析式确定导数的取值范围,再根据函数的导数就是函数在此点的切线的斜率,来求出倾斜角的取值范围.【解答】解:∵函数的导数y′=3x2﹣6x+3+=3(x﹣1)2+≥,∴tanα≥,又 0≤α<π,∴≤α<,故选 C .7.已知函数f (x )=mx 3+3(m ﹣1)x 2﹣m 2+1(m >0)的单调递减区间是(0,4),则m=( )A .3B .C .2D .【考点】利用导数研究函数的单调性.【分析】首先对f (x )求导数f'(x ),由题意令f'(x )<0,根据条件得0和4是方程f'(x )=0的两根,由根与系数的关系得到m 的值.【解答】解:函数f (x )=mx 3+3(m ﹣1)x 2﹣m 2+1(m >0) 则导数f'(x )=3mx 2+6(m ﹣1)x , 令f'(x )<0即3mx 2+6(m ﹣1)x <0, ∵m >0,f (x )的单调递减区间是(0,4), ∴0,4是方程3mx 2+6(m ﹣1)x=0的两根, ∴0+4=,0×4=0,∴m=. 故选:B .8.设a ∈R ,若函数y=e x +ax ,x ∈R ,有大于零的极值点,则( )A .a <﹣1B .a >﹣1C .D .【考点】利用导数研究函数的极值.【分析】先对函数进行求导令导函数等于0,原函数有大于0的极值故导函数等于0有大于0的根,然后转化为两个函数观察交点,确定a 的范围. 【解答】解:∵y=e x +ax , ∴y'=e x +a .由题意知e x +a=0有大于0的实根,令y 1=e x ,y 2=﹣a ,则两曲线交点在第一象限, 结合图象易得﹣a >1⇒a <﹣1, 故选A .9.函数的最大值为()A.B.e2C.e D.e﹣1【考点】函数在某点取得极值的条件.【分析】利用导数进行求解,注意函数的定义域,极大值在本题中也是最大值;【解答】解:∵函数,(x>0)∴y′=,令y′=0,得x=e,当x>e时,y′<0,f(x)为减函数,当0<x<e时,y′>0,f(x)为增函数,∴f(x)在x=e处取极大值,也是最大值,∴y最大值为f(e)==e﹣1,故选D.10.2ρcosθ=1与圆ρ=2cosθ相交的弦长为()A.3 B.C.D.1【考点】点的极坐标和直角坐标的互化;直线与圆的位置关系.【分析】先将极坐标方程化为直角坐标系方程,联立求出其交点,再使用两点间的距离公式即可.【解答】解:将直线2ρcosθ=1化为普通方程为:2x=1.∵ρ=2cosθ,∴ρ2=2ρcosθ,化为普通方程为:x2+y2=2x,即(x﹣1)2+y2=1.联立解得x=,y=±,∴直线与圆相交的弦长=.故选:B.11.已知f(x)=ax3,g(x)=9x2+3x﹣1,当x∈[1,2]时,f(x)≥g(x)恒成立,则a的取值范围是()A.a≤B.a≤11 C.a≥D.a≥11【考点】导数在最大值、最小值问题中的应用;函数恒成立问题.【分析】利用函数的恒成立,分离变量求出a的不等式,然后利用函数的导数求解函数的最值即可.【解答】解:f(x)=ax3,g(x)=9x2+3x﹣1,当x∈[1,2]时,f(x)≥g(x)恒成立,可得a≥+﹣,令=t,则t∈[,1].a≥9t+3t2﹣t3.t∈[,1]恒成立,y=9t+3t2﹣t3.t∈[,1],可得y′=9﹣6t﹣3t2=3[4﹣(t+1)2]≥0,函数y是增函数,最大值为:f(1)=11.可得a≥11.故选:D.12.已知定义在R上的奇函数f(x),设其导函数为f′(x),当x∈(﹣∞,0]时,恒有xf′(x)<f(﹣x),令F(x)=xf(x),则满足F(3)>F(2x﹣1)的实数x的取值范围是()A.(﹣2,1)B.(﹣1,)C.(,2)D.(﹣1,2)【考点】函数的单调性与导数的关系;导数的运算.【分析】根据函数的奇偶性和条件,判断函数F(x)的单调性,利用函数的奇偶性和单调性解不等式即可.【解答】解:∵f(x)是奇函数,∴不等式xf′(x)<f(﹣x),等价为xf′(x)<﹣f(x),即xf′(x)+f(x)<0,∵F(x)=xf(x),∴F′(x)=xf′(x)+f(x),即当x∈(﹣∞,0]时,F′(x)=xf′(x)+f(x)<0,函数F(x)为减函数,∵f(x)是奇函数,∴F(x)=xf(x)为偶数,且当x>0为增函数.即不等式F(3)>F(2x﹣1)等价为F(3)>F(|2x﹣1|),∴|2x﹣1|<3,∴﹣3<2x﹣1<3,即﹣2<2x<4,∴﹣1<x<2,即实数x的取值范围是(﹣1,2),故选:D.二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共计20分.13.已知函数f(x)=sinx•cosx,则f′()= ﹣1 .【考点】导数的运算.【分析】由求导法则可得:f′(x)=cos2x,代入值即可的答案.【解答】解:由导数的求导法则结合题意可得:f′(x)=cos2x﹣sin2x=cos2x,∴f′()=cosπ=﹣1,故答案为:﹣114.在极坐标系中,点(2,)到直线的距离是 1 .【考点】简单曲线的极坐标方程.【分析】把极坐标化为直角坐标,再利用点到直线的距离公式即可得出.【解答】解:点P(2,)化为=,y=2=1,∴P.直线展开化为: =1,化为直角坐标方程为:,即=0.∴点P到直线的距离d==1.故答案为:1.15.若函数f(x)=x3﹣ax2+(a﹣1)x+1在区间(7,+∞)上为增函数,则实数a的取值范围是a≤8 .【考点】利用导数研究函数的单调性.【分析】求函数的导数,利用函数单调性和导数之间的关系进行求解即可.【解答】解:f(x)=x3﹣ax2+(a﹣1)x+1,f′(x)=x2﹣ax+(a﹣1)=[x﹣(a﹣1)](x﹣1),a﹣1≤1时,符合题意,a﹣1>1时,令f′(x)≥0,解得:x≥a﹣1或x≤1,若f(x)在区间(7,+∞)上为增函数,则a﹣1≤7,解得:a≤8,故答案为:a≤8.16.函数f(x)=上的点到直线y=﹣x﹣1的最短距离是.【考点】曲线与方程.【分析】函数f(x)=上的点到直线y=﹣x﹣1的距离是d=≥=,即可得出结论.【解答】解:设f(x)=上的点(x,),则函数f(x)=上的点到直线y=﹣x﹣1的距离是d=≥=,当且仅当x=﹣1时取等号,∴函数f(x)=上的点到直线y=﹣x﹣1的最短距离是.故答案为:.三、解答题:解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17.已知抛物线y=﹣x2+4x﹣3及其上两点A(0,﹣3),B(3,0),(1)分别求抛物线在A,B两点处的切线方程;(2)求由抛物线及其在A,B两点处的切线共同围成的图形的面积.【考点】抛物线的简单性质.【分析】(1)求导数,确定抛物线在A,B两点处的切线的斜率,即可求抛物线在A,B两点处的切线方程;(2)由得,利用定积分求由抛物线及其在A,B两点处的切线共同围成的图形的面积.【解答】解:(1)因为y'=﹣2x+4,所以抛物线在A,B两点处的切线的斜率分别为4和﹣2,其切线方程分别为:y=4x﹣3和y=﹣2x+6(2)由得故==.18.已知f(x)=x3+2x2﹣4x+5(1)求函数f(x)的单调区间;(2)求f(x)在[﹣3,4]上的最值.【考点】利用导数研究函数的单调性;利用导数求闭区间上函数的最值.【分析】(1)令f'(x)>0,得函数f(x)的单调增区间;令f'(x)<0,得函数f(x)的单调减区间;(2)判断函数的单调性,求出函数的极值以及端点值.由此能求出函数在[﹣3,4]上的最值.【解答】解:(1)f(x)=x3+2x2﹣4x+5,可得f'(x)=3x2+4x﹣4=(3x﹣2)(x+2),令f'(x)=(3x﹣2)(x+2)>0,得x<﹣2或x>,所以函数f(x)的单调增区间为(﹣∞,﹣2),(,+∞);令f'(x)=(3x﹣2)(x+2)<0,得﹣2<x<,所以函数f(x)的单调减区间为(﹣2,).(2)x∈[﹣3,4],因为在[﹣3﹣2)上,f'(x)>0,在(﹣2,)上,f'(x)<0,x∈(,4],f'(x)>0;所以f(x)在(﹣2,)单调递减,x∈[﹣3﹣2),x∈(,4],函数是增函数,f(﹣3)=8,f(﹣2)=13,f()=,f(4)=85所以x=时,[f(x)]=f()=.min=85.当x=4时,[f(x)]max19.设,其中a为正实数(Ⅰ)当a=时,求f(x)的极值点;(Ⅱ)若f(x)为R上的单调函数,求a的取值范围.【考点】利用导数研究函数的极值;利用导数研究函数的单调性;一元二次不等式的解法.【分析】(Ⅰ)首先对f(x)求导,将a=代入,令f′(x)=0,解出后判断根的两侧导函数的符号即可.(Ⅱ)因为a>0,所以f(x)为R上为增函数,f′(x)≥0在R上恒成立,转化为二次函数恒成立问题,只要△≤0即可.【解答】解:对f(x)求导得f′(x)=e x …①(Ⅰ)当a=时,若f′(x)=0,则4x2﹣8x+3=0,解得结合①,可知(﹣∞,),,所以,是极小值点,是极大值点.(Ⅱ)若f(x)为R上的单调函数,则f′(x)在R上不变号,结合①与条件a>0知ax2﹣2ax+1≥0在R上恒成立,因此△=4a2﹣4a=4a(a﹣1)≤0,由此并结合a>0,知0<a≤1.20.在极坐标系中,已知圆C经过点(,),圆心为直线ρsin(θ﹣)=﹣与极轴的交点(1)求圆C的圆心坐标;(2)求圆C的极坐标方程.【考点】简单曲线的极坐标方程.【分析】(1)直线ρsin(θ﹣)=﹣展开: =﹣,利用互化公式可得直角坐标方程,再令y=0,可得x.(2)点(,),化为(1,1),可得r,圆的标准方程,利用互化即可得出.【解答】解:(1)直线ρsin(θ﹣)=﹣展开: =﹣,可得直角坐标方程:y﹣x+=0,令y=0,可得x=1,∴圆C的圆心坐标(1,0).(2)点(,),化为(1,1),∴r=1,∴圆的方程为:(x﹣1)2+y2=1,展开化为:x2+y2﹣2x=0,可得极坐标方程:ρ2﹣2ρcosθ=0,∴ρ=2cosθ.21.已知f(x)=ax3+bx2+cx在区间[0,1]上是增函数,在区间(﹣∞,0),(1,+∞)上是减函数,又.(Ⅰ)求f(x)的解析式;(Ⅱ)若在区间[0,m](m>0)上恒有f(x)≤x成立,求m的取值范围.【考点】利用导数研究函数的单调性;函数解析式的求解及常用方法;函数恒成立问题.【分析】(Ⅰ)由“f(x)在区间[0,1]上是增函数,在区间(﹣∞,0),(1,+∞)上是减函数”,则有f'(0)=f'(1)=0,再由.求解.(Ⅱ)首先将“f(x)≤x,x∈[0,m]成立”转化为“x(2x﹣1)(x﹣1)≥0,x∈[0,m]成立”求解.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)f'(x)=3ax2+2bx+c,由已知f'(0)=f'(1)=0,即解得∴f'(x)=3ax2﹣3ax,∴,∴a=﹣2,∴f(x)=﹣2x3+3x2.(Ⅱ)令f(x)≤x,即﹣2x3+3x2﹣x≤0,∴x(2x﹣1)(x﹣1)≥0,∴或x≥1.又f(x)≤x在区间[0,m]上恒成立,∴.22.已知函数f(x)=lnx,g(x)=f(x)+ax2+bx,函数g(x)的图象在点(1,g(1))处的切线平行于x轴.(1)确定a与b的关系;(2)若a≥0,试讨论函数g(x)的单调性;(3)设斜率为k的直线与函数f(x)的图象交于两点A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),(x1<x2),证明:.【考点】利用导数研究曲线上某点切线方程;利用导数研究函数的单调性;不等式的证明.【分析】(1)利用导数的几何意义即可得出;(2)通过求导得到g′(x),通过对a分类讨论即可得出其单调性;(3)证法一:利用斜率计算公式,令(t>1),即证(t>1),令(t>1),通过求导利用函数的单调性即可得出;证法二:利用斜率计算公式,令h(x)=lnx﹣kx,通过求导,利用导数研究其单调性即可得出;证法三::令,同理,令,通过求导即可证明;证法四:利用斜率计算公式,令h(x)=x﹣x1lnx+x1lnx1﹣x1,及令m(x)=x﹣x2lnx+x2lnx2﹣x2,通过求导得到其单调性即可证明.【解答】解:(1)依题意得g(x)=lnx+ax2+bx,则,由函数g(x)的图象在点(1,g(1))处的切线平行于x轴得:g'(1)=1+2a+b=0,∴b=﹣2a﹣1.(2)由(1)得=.∵函数g(x)的定义域为(0,+∞),∴当a=0时,,由g'(x)>0得0<x<1,由g'(x)<0得x>1,即函数g(x)在(0,1)上单调递增,在(1,+∞)单调递减;当a>0时,令g'(x)=0得x=1或,若,即时,由g'(x)>0得x>1或,由g'(x)<0得,即函数g(x)在,(1,+∞)上单调递增,在单调递减;若,即时,由g'(x)>0得或0<x<1,由g'(x)<0得,即函数g(x)在(0,1),上单调递增,在单调递减;若,即时,在(0,+∞)上恒有g'(x)≥0,即函数g(x)在(0,+∞)上单调递增,综上得:当a=0时,函数g(x)在(0,1)上单调递增,在(1,+∞)单调递减;当时,函数g(x)在(0,1)单调递增,在单调递减;在上单调递增;当时,函数g (x )在(0,+∞)上单调递增,当时,函数g (x )在上单调递增,在单调递减;在(1,+∞)上单调递增.(3)证法一:依题意得,证,即证,因x 2﹣x 1>0,即证,令(t >1),即证(t >1)①,令(t >1),则>0,∴h (t )在(1,+∞)上单调递增,∴h (t )>h (1)=0,即(t >1)②综合①②得(t >1),即.证法二:依题意得,令h (x )=lnx ﹣kx ,则,由h'(x )=0得,当时,h'(x )<0,当时,h'(x )>0,∴h (x )在单调递增,在单调递减,又h (x 1)=h (x 2),∴,即.证法三:令,则,当x >x 1时,h'(x )<0,∴函数h (x )在(x 1,+∞)单调递减,∴当x 2>x 1时,,即;同理,令,可证得.证法四:依题意得,令h (x )=x ﹣x 1lnx+x 1lnx 1﹣x 1,则,当x >x 1时,h'(x )>0,∴函数h (x )在(x 1,+∞)单调递增,∴当x 2>x 1时,h (x 2)>h (x 1)=0,即x 1lnx 2﹣x 1lnx 1<x 2﹣x 1令m (x )=x ﹣x 2lnx+x 2lnx 2﹣x 2,则,当x <x 2时,m'(x )<0,∴函数m (x )在(0,x 2)单调递减,∴当x 1<x 2时,m (x 1)>h (x 2)=0,即x 2﹣x 1<x 2lnx 2﹣x 2lnx 1; 所以命题得证.。
2017-2018学年黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高二下学期期末考试语文答案
齐齐哈尔市2017—2018学年度下学期期末考试高二语文试题参考答案及评分细则一、现代文阅读(一)1.A【解析】B项,原文说“水力机械革命、海上商业革命、纸币发明引致货币革命等导致工商业经济和城市大发展”。
C项,“以民为本的国家观起源于古代中国”于文无据。
D项,“凡事都得听从民众”于文无据。
2.C【解析】文章没有论证二者之间一脉相承的关系。
3.C【解析】原文说“两派的理论争论推动了人类对欲望、功利、理性、道德和商业伦理的认识”,不是开端。
(二)4.B【解析】原文说“他们也没有那份闲情逸致”,同时“对劳作之余农民温柔目光的描写”,只是“突出油菜花给人们带来了丰收的憧憬与期盼”。
5.①油菜花是乡村特有气息的一部分,写牛的哞叫,鸡的刨食,镰刀等也是在写乡村特有的气息。
丰富了文章的内容,更好地表达了作者对乡村特有气息的喜爱之情。
②为下文写乡村的特有气息正在日渐消散做铺垫。
③与后文形成对比,突出对乡村特有气息逐渐消散的惋惜之情。
(每点2分,意思对即可)6.含义:身在异乡,却对故乡魂牵梦萦,作者只能通过文字表达对故乡的怀念之情和浓浓的乡愁。
(2分)作用:①体现了作者对故乡未来变化的隐忧,充满无限深情又带有淡淡忧伤,引人遐想,耐人寻味。
②前后呼应,揭示作品主题,表达了作者对故乡的眷念之情。
(每点2分,意思对即可)(三)7.B【解析】原文说“发展和保护的矛盾仍然突出”。
8.A【解析】B项,洞庭湖有“鱼米之乡”的美誉并非这个原因。
C项,原文说“劳动人口的不断增加、生产方式的传统粗放、对自然资源的暴力掠夺,污染物日益多样棘手”。
D项,原文说“洞庭湖欧美黑杨的历史就是发展与保护两股力量反复较量的斗争史,现在保护的力量终于大获全胜”,并不能说成是“洞庭湖生态保护大获全胜”。
9.①加强长江流域的系统性保护,排除沿江化工行业环境风险隐患,守住环境安全底线。
②企业要加大环保力度,减少废水、化学废气等工业污染物的排放。
③降低长江流域劳动人口的增加、改变传统粗放的生产方式,减少对自然资源的暴力掠夺。
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试政治试题(扫描版)
2018.7高二政治参考答案第I卷单项选择题(每小题2分,共50分)第II卷非选择题(共50分)26【答案】原因:①收入是消费的基础和前提。
随着中产阶级人数的增加,追求品质的“小而精”消费模式逐渐流行。
(2分)②消费观影响人们的消费行为。
随着人们收入的提高,消费者已不仅仅关注价格,而更多的关注品质。
(2分)③生产决定消费。
企业生产出小巧精致、智能化的家电产品吸引着更多的消费者,创造了消费动力。
(2分)意义:①这种消费模式的出现,有利于改善人们的消费结构,提高人们的消费水平。
(2分)②消费所形成的新的需要,对生产的调整和升级起着导向作用。
随着这种消费模式的出现,企业会不断调整自己的产品结构,制定正确的经营战略。
(2分)③新的消费模式的出现,有利于带动经济转型升级,推进供给侧结构性改革。
(2分)27【答案】①文化对人的影响来自特定的文化环境和各种形式的文化活动。
开展系列校园文化活动,有利于营造弘扬道德、慎独自省的氛围,对学生产生潜移默化、深远持久的影响。
(5分)②文化影响人们的实践活动、认识活动和思维方式。
通过日常行为检查和社会道德实践活动,引导学生自查、自纠,提高道德意识,转变道德观念,增强道德行为的自觉性和自律性。
(4分)③优秀文化丰富人的精神世界,增强人的精神力量,促进人的全面发展。
“慎独自省,重塑道德人格”系列校园文化活动的开展有助于提高学生的道德素质,促进学生的全面发展。
(5分)28【答案】①传统文化是维系民族生存与发展的精神纽带。
加强古籍保护,保护中华民族独特的文化基因,有利于增强人们的文化认同感。
②古籍是中华文化一脉相传的重要见证。
加大对珍贵古籍的保护力度,有利于优秀传统文化的继承和发展。
③加强古籍保护是对自身文化价值的充分肯定和对文化发展责任的主动担当,有利于增强人民的文化自觉和文化自信。
(每一个点3分。
考生如有其他答案,言之有理均可,但总分不得超过9分)29【答案】(1)①文化具有多样性:文化既是民族的,又是世界的。
【英语】黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试试题(word版附答案)
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中给出的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How long will the man stay in the hotel?A. From June 12th to 19th.B. From July 12th to 19th.C. From March 12th to 19th.2. What will the man do next?A. Wash plates.B. Turn off the water.C. Clean the floor3. What is wrong with the man?A. He has got sick.B. He is too stressed.C. He will lose his job.4. What did Katy do last Saturday?A. She played a tennis match.B. She enjoyed a concert.C. She went to a cafe.5. What will the speakers watch today?A. The Storm.B. Football Stars.C. Motorbike Journey. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
2017-2018学年黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高二下学期期末考试化学答案
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齐齐哈尔市 2017—2018 学年度下学期期末考试
高二化学试题答案
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(4)取少量 E 溶液于试管中,先加 HCl 酸化,再滴加 BaCl2 溶液,若有白色沉淀产生,
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
(2)NaCl+NH3+CO2+H2O =NaHCO3↓+NH4Cl; (2 分) (3)在水准管中加水,使水准管液面高于量气管,一段时间后液面高度保持不变(2 分) D (2 分) (4)106V/22.4m(2 分) 21. (10 分) (1) 0.24(2 分) (2)<(2 分) ,ΔH 2—ΔH 1 (3)b(1 分) c(CH3OH)×c(H2O) (4) (1 分) ,正向(1 分) ,不变(1 分) c(CO2)×c3(H2) (2 分) 偏小(2 分)
【化学】黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试(word附答案版)
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试可能用到的相对原子质量: H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 A1-27 S-32 C1-35.5 Fe-56第I卷(选择题共48分)一、选择题(本题共6小题,每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
每小题2分,共12分。
)1、下列叙述正确的是()A.酸性氧化物不一定都是非金属氧化物B.HCl、H2S、 NH3都是电解质C.强酸强碱都是离子化合物D.FeBr3、FeCl2、CuS都不能直接用化合反应制备2、下列各组物质的分类都正确的是(括号里的是类别) ()A.空气(混合物)、C2H5OH(醇)、 H2SO4(离子化合物)、CO2(非电解质)B.液氨(氢化物)、NH4Cl(铵盐)、HNO3(含氧酸)、NaOH(强电解质)C.HCl(共价化合物)、CH3COOH(羧酸)、Na2O2(碱性氧化物)、CH3I(卤代烃)D.NO2(酸性氧化物)、CH3CHO(有机物)、CO(有机物)、CH3COOCH3(酯)3、化学与生产、生活、环境等社会实际密切相关。
下列叙述正确的是()A.“滴水石穿、绳锯木断”都涉及化学变化B.氟利昂作制冷剂会加剧雾霾天气的形成C.汽车尾气中含有的氮氧化物,是汽油不完全燃烧造成的D.治理“地沟油”,可将其在碱性条件下水解制得肥皂4、下列关于胶体制备及胶体性质叙述正确的是()A.电泳实验证朔胶体带电B.用激光笔检验淀粉溶液的丁达尔效应C.Fe(OH)3胶体粒了既可以通过滤纸又可以通过半透膜D.向煮沸的NaOH溶液中滴加FeCl3饱利溶液制备Fe(OH)3胶体5、下列事实不能用电化学理论解释的是()A.轮船水线以下的船壳上镶嵌有一定量的锌块B.镀锌的铁制品比镀锡的铁制品耐用C.铝片不用特殊方法保存D.生铁跟稀硫酸反应比纯铁的反应来得快6、同温同压下,等质量的二氧化硫和二氧化碳气体的下列有关比较正确的是()A.体积比为1: 1B.体积比为16:11C.物质的量比为16:11D.密度比为16:11二、选择题(本题共12小题,每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
2017-2018学年黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高二下学期期末考试物理答案
齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年度下学期期末考试高二物理参考答案一、选择题:每小题4分。
全部选对的得4分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错的得0分。
二、非选择题:13.(6分,每空2分)(1)电压(2)电流(3)B 14.(6分,每空2分)(1)BC(2)0.75(3)D15.(10分)解:电动机的输出功率mgv v P =⋅=T 机(2分)电动机消耗的功率mgvr I P P +==220(2分)得副线圈的电流大小为A rmgvP I 602=-=(2分)由理想变压器原副线圈电流关系得出原线圈中电流A I n n I 22121==(2分)由110I U P =可得原线圈电压V I P U 13011==(2分)16.(15分)解:(1)如图所示,滑块在斜面上受到水平推力F、重力mg 和支持力N 的作用而处于平衡状态,根据平衡条件,有θθFcos mgsin =(2分)解得5N.7F =(1分)123456789101112DCCCBBADACBCABDBD(2)当力F 变为水平向右之后,由牛顿第二定律,有ma Fcos mgsin =+θθ解得2s/12m a =(2分)根据题意,由题图乙可知,滑块刚滑到木板上的初速度为v滑块下滑的位移2av x 2=,解得6mx =(1分)故滑块下滑的高度6m .3xsin h ==θ(1分)(3)由题图乙可知,滑块和木板起初相对滑动,当达到共同速度后一起做匀减速运动滑块独自减速时的加速度大小21s /5m a =(1分)相对滑动时,木板加速时的加速度大小22s /1m a =(1分)两者共同减速时加速度大小23s /1m a =(1分)设滑块与木板间的动摩擦因数为1μ,木板与地面间的动摩擦因数为2μ,对滑块:11ma mg =μ解得5.01=μ(1分)对它们整体受力分析,有gmM m M a 223)(μμ=++=解得1.02=μ(2分)对木板:221)(Ma g m M mg =+-μμ(1分)联立解得kgM 2=(1分)17.[选修33](15分)(1)(5分)ACD(2)解:①设U 形管的横截面积为S,左管中的气体由玻意耳定律得S L L p S L p 82(20-=⋅(3分)得出04p p =或gL p ρ4=(2分)②以水平管内长为L 的水银为研究对象,由牛顿第二定律得:LSaLS g S p LS g pS ρρρ=⋅+-⋅+)83()85(0(3分)得出ga 127=(2分)18.[选修34](15分)(1)(5分)ACE(2)解:①根据全反射定律ninC 1s =得30=C (2分)如图,由几何知识得:2sin R C R d ==(2分)则入射光束在AB 上的最大宽度为Rd =2(1分)②设光线在C 点射入后,在上表面的入射角为i ,由几何关系和已知条件得Ci >=060(1分)光线在玻璃砖内会发生三次全反射,最后由D 点射出,如图由反射定律和几何关系得:R OC OD 23==(3分)即光线在O 点右侧与O 相距R 23处垂直于AB 从下方射出(1分)。
【全国市级联考】黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试数学(文)试题(解析版)
齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年度下学期期末考试高二数学试卷(文科)第Ⅰ卷(共60分)一、选择题:本大题共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1. 设集合,,则( )A. B.C.D.【答案】B【解析】分析:求出集合B ,再找出A 和B 的交集即可. 详解:,又,.故选:B.点睛:此题考查了交集及其运算,熟练掌握交集的定义是解本题的关键. 2. 已知复数(为虚数单位),则复数的虚部为( )A.B.C. D.【答案】A【解析】分析:利用复数的除法运算化简为的形式,则即可得到答案.详解:.则复数的虚部为. 故选:A.点睛:本题考查了复数代数形式的乘除运算,考查了复数的基本概念,是基础题. 3. 下列函数中既是奇函数,又在定义域内为减函数的是( )A.B.C.D.【答案】D【解析】分析:运用奇偶性的单调性的定义和常见函数的性质,逐一分析即可.详解:对A,在定义域上没有单调性,故A错误;对B,是偶函数,故B错误;对C,在R上单调递增,故C错误;对D,为奇函数且在R上单调递减,故D正确.故选:D.点睛:本题考查函数的奇偶性和单调性的判断,主要考查定义法和运用常见函数的性质,属于基础题和易错题.4. 某种产品的广告费支出与销售额(单位:万元)之间的关系如下表:若已知与的线性回归方程为,那么当广告费支出为5万元时,随机误差的效应(残差)为()万元(残差=真实值-预测值)A. 40B. 30C. 20D. 10【答案】D【解析】分析:把所给的广告费支出5万元时,代入线性回归方程,做出相应的销售额,这是一个预测值,再求出与真实值之间有一个误差即得.详解:与的线性回归方程为,当时,50,当广告费支出5万元时,由表格得:,故随机误差的效应(残差)为万元.故选:D.点睛:本题考查回归分析的初步应用,考查求线性回归方程,考查预测y的值,是一个综合题目,是一个典型的题目.5. 函数的零点所在区间为( )A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】分析:由零点存在性定理判断即可.详解:,,,由于,得函数在区间内存在零点.故选:B.点睛:零点存在性定理:利用定理不仅要函数在区间上是连续不断的曲线,且f(a)·f(b)<0,还必须结合函数的图象与性质(如单调性、奇偶性)才能确定函数有多少个零点.6. 的内角的对边分别为,若的面积,则角( )A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】分析:由面积公式和余弦定理进行计算可得。
【全国市级联考】黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试语文试题(解析版)
齐齐哈尔市20172018学年度下学期期末考试高二语文试题本试卷共22题,共150分,共8页一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成后面各题。
政治经济学是一门历史科学。
以民为本的国家观在中国政治经济文化中居于核心地位,影响至今不绝。
《尚书》中提出“民惟邦本,本固邦宁”的国家治理观。
作为一种政治智慧和治国理念,民惟邦本的国家观核心是要求国家依靠人民,把人民视为国家盛衰的命脉,政府执政要取信于民、关心民心向背,经济发展要依靠民心民力。
政治经济学的富国裕民传统就起源于中国。
《管子》开篇“牧民”认为,治国的首要任务是发展生产,充实国库,满足民众物质、精神两方面的需要,主张治国理财要厚生、富民,其中涉及分工、市场、财政、货币、贸易、价格等方面的内容,以现代经济学理论来看也是相当精辟的。
中国古代思想家大多主张重农富民、以民为本,法国重农学派创始人魁奈认为自己的《经济表》就是根据儒家经典写作而成。
司马迁在《史记·货殖列传》中提出的类似于自由市场的理论和“善因论”被认为是亚当·斯密“看不见的手”的渊源之一。
《史记平准书》是保存下来的“中国国民经济学的最古老文献”,被马克斯韦伯认为是典型的“中国王室财政学”。
16世纪以前,中国的经济总量名列世界前茅,是名副其实的经济和科技强国。
与此对应,中国政治经济学的发展也至少出现了两次高潮,中国成为世界经济学发展的引领者。
其一,春秋战国时期涌现了一批伟大的学问家,以管子、李悝等为代表的法家学派和以孔子、孟子等为代表的儒家学派已经有了较为系统的关于国富民富的思想。
在经济价值论上,管仲和孔子都提出价值创造来源于人力和土地,其中人力是关键。
在经济分配论上,孔子提出“不患寡而患不均”的命题,《论语》中明确地说:“百姓足,君孰与不足?百姓不足,君孰与足?”《管子》中说:“取于民有度,用之有止,国虽小必安;取于民无度,用之不止,国虽大必危。
英语_【全国市级联考】黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末统考英语试题(含答案)
【全国市级联考】黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末统考英语试题一、阅读选择1. When mentioning China, what comes to mind? As a country with a history of more than 5, 000 years, China is rich in civilization and culture. What best represents China?Confucius (551﹣479 BC)Confucius was a teacher and philosopher from the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history. The philosophy of Confucius stresses individual morality, includingkindness, fairness, politeness, wisdom and sincerity. Confucius' principles have a broad basis in common Chinese tradition and belief.DragonA dragon is a legendary creature, typically with winding or crawling characters. The dragon symbol is frequently used on ancient Chinese emperor's items including chairs or costumes. It is considered a representation of power.Beijing OperaBeijing Opera is considered the essence of China. As the largest form of Chinese opera, it has many "firsts" in Chinese dramas : the abundance of talents, the number of artists, opera groups and audience.The Great WallThere is an old saying that goes, "He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man." The Great Wall , one of the greatest wonders of the world, is a destination one must see when visiting China.Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)Developed in China, TCM has a tradition dating back more than 2, 000 years, including various forms of herbal medicine, cupping, massage, exercise (qigong), and dietary therapy.(1)What do we know about Confucius according to the passage?________A He put stress on teamwork spirits.B He was a teacher in the Warring States Period.C He created common Chinese tradition and belief.D He died at the age of 72.(2)Which of the following is regarded as a symbol of power?________A Confucius.B Dragon.C Beijing Opera.D The Great wall.(3)What must you do when coming to China according to the passage?________A Learn to exercise Qigong. C Pay a visit to the Great wall. D Experience the treatment of cupping.2. 阅读理解In my bag I always carry the same essential items: my keys, my purse, some loose change, my mobile phone and my little blue vocabulary notebook. This year I am living abroad in Germany and I am trying to learn as much German as possible. I always knew that livingabroad would be a great way to learn a foreign language but one thing I didn't realize was how many new words and phrases I would come across every day! I see and hear new words everywhere; the announcements in the train station; menus in cafes; on social media; on the local newspaper and of course from my German-speaking friends.At first I was slightly upset by the large amounts of German I didn't understand. Speaking German in Germany is definitely very different from that in the classroom; I kept on looking up new words and by the end of the day I had forgotten most of them already. It was very frustrating. After a month of worrying that I would never be able to improve my language skills, I went to the stationery shop and bought a small notebook which easily fit into my handbag or even into my back pocket! I set myself the goal of writing five new words or phrases a day into my little blue book and soon enough it became one of my most valuable language-learning tools.I don't have any rules about which words I write down. Most days I write down words that I learn from my colleagues at work, words that I don't understand in reading or words that I have learned from seeing them in context. For example, I have learned the names of many fruits and vegetables from looking at their labels in the supermarket (a very unexpected source of vocabulary!) and I have learned many words that I have heard on TV or on the radio. It doesn't even matter if I know how to spell a new word straight away. If I hear a word but I don't know how to spell it, I write down how I think it sounds and look it up later.My little blue vocabulary book is now like my close friend. We go everywhere together. Setting this small daily goal has made me feel much more in control of my language teaming and I am already seeing an improvement. I will continue to use it for the rest of my stay in Germany and also when I return to university at home in September.(1)What can we conclude from the first paragraph?A New words are all around you in a foreign country.B Walking in the street is a good way to learn a language.C Life is really hard for anyone to live in a foreigncountry. D The author is skilled in learning a second language.(2)What was the author's response when facing difficulty?A He felt helpless and hopeless.B He was terrified.C He didn't take a negative attitude.D He set a high goal for himself.(3)What words will the author put down in the notebook?A The words that his teacher explained in classes.B He has no rules about which words to write down.C He asked his friends to tell new words and phrases.D The words he noticed in the shop or supermarkets.(4)What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A Learning German.B My experience.C The handbag.D My notebook.3. With freezing temperatures on the way, now it is the time to take steps to protect your four-legged family members from the cold, wet weather San Antonio winters often bring. With a few simple measures, you can ensure your pets stay happy and healthy throughout winter.What is the best way to protect your pets during freezing cold weather? Bring them inside.Pets (especially cats) are safer indoors. Can’t have your pets inside the house? Purchase a dog house or give your pet a safe, warm place to rest.Certain pets are more vulnerable (易受伤害的) to cold temperatures than others. Short-haired dogs, very young or old dogs and all cats should not be left outside during winter months. Short-haired dogs may benefit from a sweater while outside.Pets that spend much of their day outdoors will need some extra food throughout the winter months. That’s because they use up more energy trying to stay warm. A few extra kibbles probably won’t hurt but make sure your pets are getting daily exercise if they.re easy to gain weight. Always provide fresh, clean water regardless of the season. Cheek water daily and clean bowls regularly.Be mindful of your pets while winterizing your car. Antifreeze (防冻剂) is deadly to pets that are attracted to its sweet taste. Store all chemicals out of reach, especially if are going to bring your pets into the garage on cold nights. It is necessary to warm up the car before you head out with your pet. A warm engine can be a welcome spot for a cold cat and the noise should scare them away before your start the engine.San Antonio’s Animal Care Services wa nts to remind people that the City of Sun Antonio has laws that protect pets from neglect, including exposure to freezing weather conditions. Animal Care Service warns that if you find any pet around being left in the freezing cold weather, you can call th e City’s 311 Customer Service line.(1)If you have a short-haired dog, you’d better in winter.A keep it inside all the timeB keep it companyC dress it in a sweaterD pay more attention to it(2)What does the underlined word “kibbles” Paragraph that .A WorkoutsB SignsC Pet foodD Dog tips(3)We can learn from the fifth paragraph that .A Pets need more water in winterB Pets are always being curiousC Chemicals send an attractive smellD It’s better not to take pets in the car(4)It can be concluded from the passage that .A Animal Care Service offers tips to protect pets in winterB Whoever abuses pets will be sentenced to prisonC Many pets can’t survive the freezing winterD San Antonio sees numbers of homeless pets4. 阅读理解As any parent knows too well, sometimes a little white lie is the only way to make a naughty child quiet. Indeed, parents have shared the top white lies they've told their children. While some of them are amusing, others are somewhat cruel.“Father Christmas is watching you,” “Carrots will make you see in the dark” and “Your pet has gone to live on a farm” are among the top white lies parents tell their children. The top 20 list of little lies that adults use shows that four in five parents have told their children something that isn't true. The threat of Father Christmas is on the top, with 62 percent of parents employing St. Nick to keep the ir kids under control. The second on the list is: “We'll see”, which any little one knows really means “no”.The majority of British people say that they lie to their children to protect their innocence, to save them from being upset or to stop them behaving badly. The top white lie told to kids about their pets is “your pet has to live on a farm in the countryside”, which is employed after one dies or has gone missing. On average, parents think that children are ready to start learning about death at the age of seven and a half.One 62-year-old recalled that when he was four, his cat ran away, because it kept having its tail pulled. It was 53 years later that it was revealed that the cat had actually been given away to stop it from scratching the furniture. One respondent (应答者) said that he still remembered that when he was young, he believed his father's statement that the entire world used to be in black and white before colour photography came along.Forty percent of parents say that they would definitely lie to their children to keep up their belief in Father Christmas, and over all say they'd certainly tell the truth about a pet dying. However, one in ten parents say they've replaced their children's dead pet with a one looking the same to cheat their children into believing it was still alive and well, found the study by Blue Cross pet charity.(1)The threat of Father Christmas which is used to control children shows that .A some children fear and respect Father ChristmasB Father Christmas is more important than parentsC children should learn more about festivalsD Father Christmas does live in the world(2)What can we conclude from Paragraph 4?A Children don't understand why their parents tell white lies.B Parents' white lies may do harm to their children.C Children don't really mind their parents' whitelies. D Parents' white lies may leave a deep impression on their children(3)What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A Parents' different understandings of while lies.B Parents' different attitudes to telling white lies.C Parents' different worries about white lies.D Parents' different white lies.二、七选五5. When your friends suddenly stop talking to you, it can leave you confused on what to do next. 【小题1】 However, basically, your friends are either really upset with you, or it has nothing to do with you at all. But how can you tell? What’s more, what should you do?Find out if they have shut all their friends out or just you. It’s important to figure out if your friends have moved on from everyone, or just you. If it’s just you, then you probably did something at some point. 【小题2】 They try to get their forgiveness.Reflect on yourself. Have your friends been upset with you for a while? Would you get it if they were? Not all people yell or scream when they’re upset. 【小题3】 If you fail to hear exactly what they’re saying, or you keep doing the same thing over and over again, they may move on and completely shut you out.Communicate in a different way. There’s always the possibility that your friends haven’t shut you out completely, but they are bored with a certain form of communication, like texting orchatting online. 【小题4】 If so, trying a different method to reach your friends could make things better.【小题5】If you can’t get responses from your friends, consider reconciling (和解) with them at some point in the future. Send them a note—Let them know you care about them and leave the door open for them.A.Give them a helping hand.B.So sometimes they take a break from it.C.If you feel it was something bad, apologize for it.D.Let your friends know you’re open to friendships.E.There are many reasons why your friends might shut you out.F.Your friends may not answer your calls or emails suddenly.G.Some people will talk to you calmly about something you did.三、完形填空6. Saying thank you can have positive effects on your health and the well-being of others.I once witnessed kindness from complete _______ last year and it really impressed me. It was a sunny afternoon. It _______ me at first that my partner fall unconscious on the ground suddenly on our way to the office. Soon I realized that I had to calm down and call _______ services. Within minutes, a police car and ambulance arrived, _______ with police and nursing staff. My partner was rushed to the _______, where he received the care that he _______.Few days later, my partner got better, and I wrote thank-you notes to those _______ police and nursing staff and baked for them. When I _______ the cakes to them the next day, they thanked me for the gifts. Thanked me? All I’d done was baking, but they’d _______ a life. I drove away feeling relaxed and ________, partly because I’d done a good deed, b ut ________ because I was amazed that there are so many ________ people. They do a lot of great things; ________, they expect nothing in return.Research has shown that sharing thoughts of gratitude (感恩) and performing acts of kindness can ________ your mood and health condition. I think it is probably ________ I felt happier than usual then.“We know from studies in the literature that gratitude does have a good ________ on how you feel, and that it ________ life satisfaction.” says Willibald Ruch, a psychology professor at the University of Zurich who researches the effects of character strengths ________ gratitude and humour. “It’s ________ the top five causes of happiness.” he adds.You can ________ positive changes in your own life by choosing to embrace gratitude. (1)A friendsB colleaguesC strangersD students(2)A attractedB panickedC pleasedD confused(3)A foodB telephoneC emergencyD parking(4)A sharedB begunC coveredD filled(5)A hospitalB factoryC companyD office(6)A learntB neededC providedD admitted(7)A annoyingB helpfulC interestingD wealthy(8)A lentB soldC deliveredD arranged(9)A controlledB raisedC savedD lost(10)A anxiousB disappointedC sadD happy(11)A mostlyB finallyC necessarilyD similarly(12)A poorB selflessC energeticD smart(13)A insteadB otherwiseC howeverD therefore(14)A destroyB discoverC improveD explain(15)A whetherB whenC whereD why(16)A influenceB challengeC impressionD balance(17)A wastesB expectsC increasesD reduces(18)A instead ofB such asC due toD except for(19)A amongB offC overD about(20)A supplyB makeC avoidD demand四、用单词的适当形式完成短文7. 语法填空There're so many things that (farmer) can benefit from. You have a better environment if you live on the farms. (live) on a farm can give you the peace of mind you've alwayswanted at the same time let you appreciate nature more. You can have a better view the sky. You can have fresher foods when you are on the farm. These are just some of the many beautiful things that you can find on a farm.Farming (know) to be a physical job. It (require) a lot of physical work such as planting, watering, harvesting and so on. It is probably a requirement to be (physical) fit to be a farmer.Farm life is good) than city life. On the farms there is fresh air, while in the city thereis (pollute). The city life is just so busy and noisy. If you want to have a more peaceful environment, move to countryside.五、短文改错8. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
2017-2018学年黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高二下学期期末考试英语答案
第二节 语法填空 (共 1 0小题;每小题 1 . 5分,满分 1 5分)
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第四部分 写作 第一节 短文改错(共 1 0小题;每小题 1分,满分 1 0分)
7 1 . w e r e 改成 a r e 7 2 . s l e e p改成 a s l e e p 7 3 . b u t改成 a n d 7 4 . t h a t改成 w h i c h 7 5 .A s后加 a 7 6 . o u r t e a c h e r的 t e a c h e r 改成 t e a c h e r s 7 7 . t h e y改成 w e 7 8 . g r e a t 改成 g r e a t l y 7 9 . a b o u t 改成 t o / t o w a r d s 8 0 . b e i n g 去掉 第二节 书面表达(满分 2 5分) : D e a r J o h n , I a mL i H u a . T o g e t h e r w i t hs o me o f my f r i e n d s I a mp l a n n i n gt og ot oa p o o r mo u n t a i nv i l l a g e t ot e a c h t h e c h i l d r e n E n g l i s hd u r i n gt h e c o mi n gs u mme r v a c a t i o n . Wo u l dy o u l i k e t oj o i nu s ? T h e v i l l a g e i s n o r t ho f o u r c i t y , a b o u t 3 0 0k i l o me t e r s a w a y , w i t h s o me e a g e r c h i l d r e n t h e r e b u t n oE n g l i s ht e a c h e r . We w i l l l i v e t h e r e f o r t h r e e w e e k s , s t a r t i n gf r o mt h e v e r y b e g i n n i n gw i t hA B C . S t e pb y s t e p , w e w i l l t e a c h t h e ms o me b a s i c d a i l y E n g l i s h . I f y o uc a n g ow i t hu s a n do f f e r a h a n d , t h e c h i l d r e n w i l l b e mo r e t h a n h a p p y a n dl e a r n E n g l i s hmo r e q u i c k l y . Y o u d o n ’ t n e e dt op r e p a r e ma n y t h i n g s e x c e p t s o me n e c e s s i t i e s , b u t b o o k s f o r c h i l d r e n ,i f a n y , w i l l b e h i g h l y a p p r e c i a t e d . L o o k i n gf o r w a r dt oy o u r e a r l y r e p l y . Y o u r s , L i H u a
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高二英语下学期期末统考试题(含解析)
黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2017-2018学年高二英语下学期期末统考试题(含解析)第I卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中给出的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试在的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How long will the man stay in the hotel?A. From June 12th to 19th.B. From July 12th to 19th.C. From March 12th to 19th.2. What will the man do next?A. Wash plates.B. Turn off the water.C. Clean the floor.3. What is wrong with the man?A. He has got sick.B. He is too stressed.C. He will lose his job.4. What did Katy do last Sunday?A. She played a tennis match.B. She enjoyed a concert.C. She went to a cafe.5. What will the speakers watch today?A. The Storm.B. Football Stars.C. Motorbike Journey.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
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第I卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中给出的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How long will the man stay in the hotel?A. From June 12th to 19th.B. From July 12th to 19th.C. From March 12th to 19th.2. What will the man do next?A. Wash plates.B. Turn off the water.C. Clean the floor3. What is wrong with the man?A. He has got sick.B. He is too stressed.C. He will lose his job.4. What did Katy do last Saturday?A. She played a tennis match.B. She enjoyed a concert.C. She went to a cafe.5. What will the speakers watch today?A. The Storm.B. Football Stars.C. Motorbike Journey.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. What should be renewed?A. The sheet.B. The towel.C. The toilet roll.7. What will the woman do next?A. Go and get what the man needs.B. Clean the room.C. Make the bed.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At the lost and found.B. In a clothes shop.C. By a pool.9. Which is the man’s sweater?A. The one with a pretty pattern on it.B. The one with a V-neck.C. The one made of cotton.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10. What are the speakers discussing?A. Whether to renew a passport.B. How to apply for a passport.C. When to get the passport.11. What is UNNECESSARY when renewing a passport?A. The ID card.B. The application fee.C. The application form.12. Why is the man traveling to the UK?A. To meet his boss.B. To enjoy a holiday.C. To deal with business matters.听第9段材料,回答第13至16小题。
13. Where are the speakers?A. In the UK.B. In Canada.C. In Spain.14. When do people in Canada usually have dinner?A. In the mid-afternoon.B. In the early evening.C. In the late evening.15. What transportation can one take at midnight in the UK?A. Buses.B. Trains.C. Taxis.16. How does the woman feel about being out at night in her town?A. Unsafe.B. Fun.C. Silly.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17. Which word can best describe the weather in this country?A. Pleasant.B. Changeable.C. Freezing.18. When did Chloe first photograph storms?A. When she was a child.B. When she was at university.C. When she took her first job.19. What is the most important for getting good pictures of lightning?A. Buying a modem camera.B. Figuring out the best time.C. Finding a proper place.20. Which is the best place for Chloe to take pictures of lightning?A. The countryside.B. Her flat.C. The hills.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分S0分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
ALocated on the University of Melbourne’s Hawthorn campus, Hawthorn-Melbourne is one of Australia’s largest and longest established English language schools.You can study English with Hawthorn-Melbourne if you want to:• enter Australian univer sities or colleges.• get ready for an IELTS test.• expand your career options or prepare for employment.• open up new travel opportunities and experience Australia.Hawthorn is a safe and peaceful residential suburb surrounded by nature, with plenty of shops, cafes, banks, sporting facilities and parks. All of our students can use the student rest areas and kitchen areas, as well as all of our group learning spaces, entertaining and social facilities.NOTE: No international student shall stay for the night outside our school.Some distinctive learning places for you:LibraryIn the library, there are abundant learning resources and quiet study areas for our students.Resources such as DVDs, newspapers, magazines and audio for listening practice.Monday to Thursday 8:00am to 5:30pmFriday 8:00am to 5:00pmComputer LabsComputer labs support foreign language characters—but only English during class time.We provide campus WiFi free of charge for all of our students.Monday to Friday 8:00am to 6:00pmSaturday 9:00am to 6:00pmIndependent Learning CenterStudents have 1 hour of independent learning each day.ILC time is an opportunity to practice and improve the language skills that you learn in class.Monday to Thursday 8:00am to 5:30pmFriday 8:00am to 5:00pmLecture TheaterIn the lecture theater, public lectures of various topics will be given to students.Qualified professors or excellent students are invited to be lecturers.Monday to Thursday 8:00am to 10:30amFriday 8:00am to 10:00amWelcome to OUR SCHOOL!Call at: 041-3436-215E-mail: Hawthom-Melboume@21. What help can Hawthorn-Melbourne offer learners?A. Entering a Confucius college.B. Expanding their career options.C. Preparing for a TOEFL test.D. Evaluating their learning ability.22. What can students do in Hawthorn-Melbourne?A. Study at any group learning space.B. Apply for a job in the kitchen areas.C. Do listening practice in the computer labs.D. Stay in a local family for the night.23. Which learning place can you go to on Saturday morning?A. Library.B. Computer Labs.C. Independent Learning Center.D. Lecture Theater.BKung fu is one of the most popular topics of discussion among foreigners talking about China. As a discipline of kung fu with the largest number of practitioners in China, Tai Chi is gaining popularity worldwide. Tai Chi is sweeping the world thanks to its deep cultural roots and the health benefits coming from practicing it.The philosophy of Tai Chi features the concept of yin and yang, which is typical of Confucianism and Taoism. Tai Chi also takes in ideas from traditional Chinese medicine, including anatomy (解剖学) and physiology (生理学). It is a practice that couples hardness with softness, and it is a perfect example of traditional Chinese culture.Through lasting practice, learners begin to feel the positive impact (影响) of Tai Chi on their health. Unlike kung fu practices that focus on attacking and defending against enemies, Tai Chi focuses more on shaping good characters and keeping fit. By practicing Tai Chi, people will feel an improvement in their physical and psychological health by promoting a balance between yin and yang within their bodies. This is similar to Western medicine’s improving people’s self-healing ability and immune system.Tai Chi is playing an important role in presenting Chinese culture to the rest of the world, acting like a bridge between China and other countries. Recent years have seen a lot of international communication on Tai Chi. In provinces like Hebei, Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi, where Tai Chi teaching and learning are particularly active, local governments and non-governmental institutions often organize activities and competitions for learners and fans to attend and participate in. Large sporting events hosted by China such as the Asian Games and Olympics have featured Tai Chi performances or contests. These activities have opened a window for the outside world to know more about Tai Chi, paving the way for its overseas wide spread.Today, Tai Chi not only belongs to China, but also to the whole world and to everyone who loves it.24. Why is Tai Chi becoming popular around the world?A. Chinese culture spreads quickly.B. A good many people practice it.C. Foreigners show more interest in it.D. It has deep culture roots and health benefits.25. What does Tai Chi represent?A. The ideas of medicine.B. The traditional Chinese culture.C. The characteristic of yin and yang.D. A practice of hardness and softness.26. According to Paragraph 3, Tai Chi practice is to .A. restore people’s immune systemB. help people keep healthy and get good charactersC. defend the body from being attackedD. improve people’s self-healing ability27. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A. Tai Chi has become a sport event.B. Tai Chi is active only in central China.C. Tai Chi promotes cross-culture communications.D. Tai Chi opens a window for people to know about the world.CHumans are much worse at estimating risk than we think we are. While we overestimate the risk of rare but disastrous occurrences, such as being attacked by a shark, many of us seriously underestimate the risk of behaviors that reduce our lifespan (寿命), such as smoking.In fact, there are two types of risks — acute and chronic. Acute risks are those that may kill you immediately, such as a car accident.Chronic risks don’t kill you immediately but rob you of your life a little at a time. If you choose to eat an unhealthy diet, for instance, you may appear to be getting away with this, but you risk developing illnesses in future that may shorten your life.The problem is we value things much less when they occur in the future. Distant events are abstract —we don’t know how and when they might affect us -~ so we care less about them.Take smoking for example. It is just about the worst choice you can make for your health. Every two cigarettes that you smoke takes 30 minutes off your lifespan.In contrast, eating vegetables is clearly very good for you, with each serve increasing your lifespan by two hours. This is a massive health gain and clearly should be a strong motivator for you to eat healthily.Drinking coffee is also good for you, though with limited health gains. Each cup of coffee (assuming you drink reasonably), is associated with approximately a ten-minute gain in your lifespan.Even drinking alcohol may add to your lifespan, with each serve adding 30 minutes to the length of your life. But this health gain is only true for the first drink; following drinks shorten lifespan. Alcohol also causes an acute risk when consumed in excess. Too much drinking gives you a 25 in one million chance of sudden death.We shouldn’t be too nervous about exposure to risks. Life is all about making decisions about risks and rewards, and we all have a different starting point for what we consider acceptable risks to take. Even if we don’t always make the healthiest decisions, at least we can make ones that are fully informed.28. Which of the following belongs to acute risks?A. Eating junk food every day.B. Being hit in a plane crash.C. Staying up late every night.D. Being too much overweight.29. Why do people often ignore chronic risks?A. They can often get away with them.B. They can rid themselves of their side effects.C. They don’t reduce their lifespan.D. They will not cause immediate death.30. Which habit will shorten your lifespan?A. Eating vegetables every day.B. Smoking only one cigarette a day.C. Drinking a cup of coffee every day.D. Drinking alcohol reasonably.31. What does the underlined phrase “in excess” in the 8th paragraph mean?A. At random.B. In need.C. More than enough.D. Ahead of time.DBinge-watching (刷剧) is when a person watches more than one episode of a TV show one after another. Withdevelopments in the speed and connectivity of the Internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now watch their favorite shows directly on the Internet at their convenience.This behavior is nothing new. In f act, “binge-watching” has been officially listed in dictionaries since 2015. The entertainment companies recognize this behavior and many take steps to encourage it. Often, instead of releasing each episode on a week-by-week basis, an entire series will become available at the same time. Once the episode finishes, many platforms will display pop-ups with “you might like” suggestions, or will automatically play the next episode.However, this wonderful gift may in fact be poisonous. Recent research from British media Ofcom suggests that this behavior may have become a hindrance (障碍). Out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show in a row, almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and one quarter have failed to do their household chores. Next well be missing work!Bingeing has other connections—binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking, all of which are often associated with compulsive (强迫性的) behavior, a lack of control and possible route to addiction. Lindsey Fussell, consumer group director at Ofcom, said, “The days of waiting a week for the next episode are largely gone, with people finding it hard to resist watching multiple episodes around the house or on the move.” If people find binge-watching hard to resist, coupled with the fact that it has shown to lead to negligence (疏忽) in many, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction?The large amount of information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. It offers us opportunities to better understand the world we live in, educate ourselves and enjoy much needed downtime. However, like any behavior done to an extreme degree, it can become dangerous. And when the activity begins to bleed into other areas, causing us to stop functioning-then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer? Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, a little of what you fancy does you good.32. Which of the following can not make binge-watching possible nowadays?A. The increases in technology.B. The demand of TV viewers.C. The development of the Internet.D. The rise of on-demand entertainment companies.33. What effects can binge-watching bring about if you have formed the habit?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Unclear.34. Which of the following is not connected with bingeing?A. Some uncontrollable behaviors.B. Watching too much.C. Leading to negligence in many things.D. Waiting a week for the next episode.35. We can quit binge-watching by .A. educating ourselvesB. doing something goodC. watching neither too little nor too muchD. better understanding the world we live in第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。