科技英语复习重点-试卷分布及考试范围

考试题型第一部分多项选择15×1 分共15分第二部分完形填空10×1 分共10分第三部分阅读理解三篇每篇2×5 分共30分第四部分信息匹配2×5 分共10分第五部分翻译5×7 共35分5篇英译汉2篇汉译英英译汉部分：Unit 1Ozone is a gas that occurs both in the Earth’s upper atmosphere and at ground level. Ozone can be “good” or “bad” for your health and the environment, depending on its location in the atmosphere.臭氧是一种既存在于地球上层大气又存在于地面的气体。

臭氧对你的健康和环境可能是“好”或“坏”，这取决于它在大气中的位置。

Ozone occurs in two layers of atmosphere. The layer closest to the Earth’s surface is the troposphere. Here, ground-level or “bad” ozone is an air pollutant that is harmful to breathe and it damages crops, trees and other vegetation. It is a main ingredient of urban smog. The troposphere generally extends to a level about 6 miles up, where it meets the second layer, the stratosphere. The stratosphere or “good” ozone layer extends upward from about 6 to 30 miles and protects life on Earth from the sun’s harmful UV rays.臭氧出现在两层大气中。

离地球表面最近的一层是对流层。

在这里，地面臭氧或“坏”臭氧是一种空气污染物，对呼吸有害，它损害农作物、树木和其他植被。

它是城市烟雾的主要成分。

对流层通常向上延伸约6英里，与第二层平流层相遇。

平流层或“好的”臭氧层向上延伸约6至30英里，保护地球上的生命免受太阳有害紫外线的伤害。

Ozone is produced naturally in the stratosphere. But this “good” ozone is gradually being destroyed by man-made chemicals referred to as ozone-depleting substances, including chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, halons, methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform. These substances were formerly used and sometimes still are used in coolants, foaming agents, fire extinguishers, solvents, pesticides, and aerosol propellants. Once released into the air these ozone-depleting substances degrade very slowly. In fact, they can remain intact for years as they move through the troposphere until they reach the stratosphere. There they are broken down by the intensity of the sun’s UV rays and release chlorine and bromine molecules, which destroy the “good” ozone. Scientists estimate that one chlorine atom can destroy 100000 “good” ozone molecules.臭氧是在平流层中自然产生的。

但这种“好”的臭氧正逐渐被称为消耗臭氧层物质的人造化学品所破坏，这些化学品包括氟氯碳化合物、氢氟氯碳化合物、二氟二氯甲烷、溴化甲烷、四氯化碳和三氯甲烷。

这些物质以前曾被使用，有时仍被用于冷却剂、发泡剂、灭火剂、溶剂、杀虫剂和气溶胶推进剂。

一旦释放到空气中，这些消耗臭氧层的物质分解得非常缓慢。

事实上，它们在穿过对流层到达平流层之前可以保持多年完整。

在那里，它们被太阳紫外线的强度分解，释放出氯和溴分子，破坏“好的”臭氧。

科学家估计，一个氯原子可以摧毁10万个“好”的臭氧分子。

Ground-level or “bad” ozone is not emitted directly into the air, but is created by chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds in thepresence of sunlight. Emissions from industrial facilities and electric utilities, motor vehicle exhaust, gasoline vapors, and chemical solvents are some of the major sources of NOX and VOC地面或“坏”臭氧不是直接排放到空气中，而是由氮氧化物和挥发性有机化合物在阳光下进行化学反应产生的。

工业设施和电力设施、机动车尾气、汽油蒸汽和化学溶剂的排放是氮氧化物和挥发性有机化合物的主要来源At ground level, ozone is a harmful pollutant. Ozone pollution is a concern during the summer months because strong sunlight and hot weather result in harmful ozone concentrations in the air we breathe. Many urban and suburban areas throughout the United S tates have high levels of “bad” ozone. But many rural areas of country are also subject to high ozone levels as winds carry emissions hundreds of miles away from their original sources.在地面，臭氧是一种有害的污染物。

在夏季，臭氧污染是一个令人担忧的问题，因为强烈的阳光和炎热的天气会导致我们呼吸的空气中有害臭氧的聚集。

美国许多城市和郊区的臭氧含量都很高。

但该国许多农村地区也受到高臭氧水平的影响，因为风将排放物从数百英里外的起源地带到这里。

Unit 5There are many tools in the modern hacking kit, including network scanners, packet sniffers, rootkits and decompilers. But “social engineering” -for example, putting a particularly enticing message in an email header to encourage people to open it-and even search engines can also be useful weapons for the hacker.现代黑客工具包中有许多工具，包括网络扫描仪、数据包嗅探器、控制访问权程序和反编译器。

但“社会工程”——例如，在电子邮件头中放一条特别诱人的信息，鼓励人们打开它，甚至搜索引擎也可以成为黑客的有用武器。

And it is not just ordinary desktop computers that are under threat. Governments, banks and critical infrastructure can also be brought to a standstill by an expert armed only with a laptop computer and a net connection.受到威胁的不仅仅是普通的台式电脑。

政府、银行和关键的基础设施也可能被一个只有笔记本电脑和网络连接的专家而陷于停顿。

The biggest new target for computer hackers is the mobile device. Virus writers are already experimenting with code designed for smartphones and experts predict more may be on the way, while hackers are also looking at ways to crack handheld devices.电脑黑客最大的新目标是移动设备。

病毒编写者已经在试验为智能手机设计的代码，专家预测可能会有更多的病毒出现，而黑客也在寻找破解手持设备的方法。

While the internet has transformed global communication beyond recognition, the arms race between those intent on harnessing its power for criminal purposes and those tasked with preventing them has only just begun.虽然互联网已经使全球通信变得面目全非，但那些意图利用互联网的力量达到犯罪目的的人和那些肩负着预防这些目的的人之间的网络竞争才刚刚开始。