第二篇 The Paper Chase (2015年职称英语概况大意与完成句子译文)
2015年考研英语二阅读真题(直接打印方便笔记自用版)
2015 Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes o ne of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: wor king, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws outlife-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues –your family –have no clear rewards for their l abor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home .[A]offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B]was an ideal place for stress measurement[C]generated more stress than the workplace[D]was an unrealistic place for relaxation22.According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers.[B]Childless husbands.[C]Working fathers.[D]Childless wives.23.The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that .[A]their home is also a place for kicking back[B]they are both bread winners and housewives[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word “moola” (Line 4, Para. 4) most probably means .[A]skills[B]energy[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that .[A]family labor is often adequately rewarded[B]home is hardly a cozier working environment[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut2015 Text 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students –those who do not have a parent with a college degree – lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-yeardegree.Their thesis – that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact – was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. “Bec ause US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can improve.”26.Recruiting more first-generation students has .[A]reduced their dropout rates[B]narrowed the achievement gap[C]missed its original purpose[D]depressed college students27.The authors of the research article are optimistic because .[A]their findings appeal to students[B]the recruiting rate has increased[C]the problem is solvable[D]their approach is costless28.The study suggests that most first-generation students .[A]are from single-parent families[B]study at private universities[C]are in need of financial support[D]have failed their college29.The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students .[A]may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[B]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college[C]can have a potential influence on other students[D]are actually indifferent to the achievement gap30.We may infer from the last paragraph that .[A]universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C]social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question2015 Text 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented – and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports – in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win. ”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning – and, as Rakesh Khurana, another professor, points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. Theabout why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As a linguist once said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work – and how your work defines who you are.31.According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become .[A]less strategic [B] less energetic[C] more objective [D] more emotional32.“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to .[A]sports culture [B] gender difference[C] historical incidents [D] athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to .[A]revive historical terms[B]promote company image[C]foster corporate cooperation[D]strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In .[A]voices for working women[B]appeals to passionate workaholics[C]triggers debates among mommies[D]praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A]Linguists believe it to be nonsense.[B]Regular people mock it but accept it.[C]Companies find it to be fundamental.[D]Managers admire it but avoid it.2015 Text 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000（4.4 percent）above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it meansthat many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the LaborDepartment asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes,” they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36.Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?[A]The prospect of a thriving job market.[B]The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.[C]The possibility of full employment.[D]The acceleration of job creation.37.Many people work part-time because they .[A]prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs[B]feel that is enough to make ends meet[C]cannot get their hands on full-time jobs[D]haven’ t seen the weakness of the market38.Involuntary part-time employment in the US .[A]shows a general tendency of decline[B]is harder to acquire than one year ago[C]satisfies the real need of the jobless[D]is lower than before the recession39.It can be learned that with Obamacare, .[A]it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B]full-time employment is still essential for insurance[C]it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D]employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance40.The text mainly discusses .[A]employment in the US[B]part-timer classification[C]insurance through Medicaid[D]Obamacare’s troublePart AText 1 21~25 A B B C D Text 2 26~30 C C C B D Text 3 31~35 D A D A B Text 4 36~40 B C A D A。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P14—历史学
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P14—历史学Passage 14After stepping down this summer as the head of the EPA, the embattled Christine Todd Whitman is once again in the hot seat. This time it's over her role in the downplaying of health hazards for New York City residents after 9/11. A report by the EPA inspector general says that Whitman assured the public that the air was safe before testing was conclusive. She's also under fire for allowing EPA statements to be filtered through the White House and screened by the Council on Environmental Quality, which is chaired by James Connaughton, a lawyer who formerly represented the asbestos industry.The long-term effects of inhaling contaminated air is unknown. But New York Rep. Jerrold Nadler accuses the administration of covering up a potential health danger in order to get the economy up and running. "Many people will die early because of this," says Nadler.In her first interview since the release of the report, Whitman tells NEWSWEEK that she did not object when the White House edited out cautionary notes by EPA scientists. "We didn't want to scare people," she said, explaining that spikes in asbestos readings tended to return quickly to acceptable levels. She believes that much of the data were open to interpretation, and that the public wasn't harmed by the White House's decision to adopt the more reassuring analysis. But New York Sen. Hillary Clinton is calling for an investigation, saying she knows how the White House works and that somebody surely leaned on the EPA to lie. "We were not told to lie," says Whitman.Firefighters and other rescue workers suffering health problems continue to blame the EPA for failing to make them aware of the risks. The EPA advised wearing protective clothing and masks, Whitman says, but many working on the site rejected the gear as too cumbersome. "We couldn't force them to do it," says Whitman. In addition, residents returning to the area say they weren't told to have their homes professionally cleaned. "Maybe there was one press release where we didn't say that, but then we said it over and over," says Whitman.EPA's former ombudsman said soon after 9/11 that Whitman had a conflict of interest because of her husband's connection to Citigroup, which owns Travelers Insurance. By pronouncing lower Manhattan safe, critics say, Whitman saved the insurance giant millions in cleanup costs. Whitman was cleared of the conflict by the EPA inspector general. "There's no way in hell--excuse my language--that I would ever, ever play games with this kind of information."注(1)：本文选自Newsweek; 9/8/2003, p8;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2003年真题Text 4;1. What conclusion can we make from the first paragraph?[A]White House shouldn’t be informed of the EPA statements.[B]Whitman shouldn’t have made such a hasty conclusion about the air.[C]The public had strong objection against Whitman’s doings after 9/11[D]Whitman had got unfair treatment.2. The author uses the example of firefighters and other rescue workers’suffering to show that ______.[A]someone should be responsible for their health condition.[B]they should have been warned against the possible results in advance.[C]it was their own fault for not wearing the protective clothes and masks.[D]their equipments are out of date and fail to function well.3. Hillary Clinton’s attitude toward Whitman’s remarks is one of ________.[A]reserved consent[B]strong disapproval[C]slight contempt[D]enthusiastic support4. Facing charges against her, Whitman seemed to defend herself quite _________.[A]extravagantly[B]cautiously[C]flexibly[D]forcefully5. The text intends to express that __________.[A]Whitman has been proved innocent in this event.[B]everything connected with 9/11 should be exposed[C]Whitman has a good defense for what she has done[D]Whitman shouldn’t be blamed for her doings.答案：CABDC篇章剖析本文主要讲述美国前环保署署长惠特曼所面对的谴责和批评，以及她又是如何为自己辩解和开脱的。
2024年中考英语热点阅读练习专题5 外国文学作品(含解析)
2024年中考英语新热点时文阅读-外国文学作品01（2023·江苏淮安·校考一模）Huck is my name, Huckleberry Finn. The story started when my best friend, Tom Sawyer and I found $12,000 in a cave. That money made us rich. We got $6,000 each. Judge Thatcher, an important man in St. Petersburg, put it in the bank, and now we get a dollar a day interest (利息).Then a kind old lady called Douglas invited me to live with her because I haven’t got a family or a home. My mother died a long time ago, then my dad, Pap, disappeared. He was a violent (暴力的) man especially when he drank a lot, which was most of the time, and he often beat me. I was scared of him. I didn’t go to school like the other boys of my age. I lived on the streets and in the woods.My life changed after I lived with Douglas. She gave me a bed to sleep in and bought new clothes for me. She read stories to me and taught me how to eat at a table. But then her sister Miss Watson arrived. She brought her black slave (奴隶) Jim with her. I liked Jim but I didn’t like Miss Watson very much. She often shouted at me.Douglas sent me to school every day. I didn’t like going there at first because learning was very difficult. But when I could read and write a bit, I didn’t mind going.The months passed and winter came. The weather got cold. One morning I woke up and there was snow on the ground. On my way to school I saw some footprints outside Douglas’s house. There was a cross on the heel (脚后跟)of the left one. My heart jumped. Only one person wore boots with a cross on the left heel! Pap!“He’s heard about my ________” I thought. “And he wants it!”That night I went to see Jim. Jim had a magic ball made of animal hair. There was a spirit inside the ball that could answer people’s questions about the future.—Adapted from Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1．How did Huck get the money which was put in the bank?A．Huck’s father gave it to him.B．Huck’s mother left it to him before she died.C．Douglas gave it to him.D．He and Tom Sawyer found it in a cave.2．How did Huck feel about the life with Douglas?A．He hated his new life.B．He didn’t mind his new life.C．He felt satisfied with his new life.D．He wanted to get away from his new life.3．Which word can be put in the “__________”?A．life B．spirit C．secret D．money4．Which is the right order of what happened in the story?①Douglas sent Huck to school.②Huck’s mother died.③Douglas invited Huck to live with her.④Douglas read stories to Huck.A．③②④①B．②③④①C．③④②①D．②④③①02（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）Katie was waiting for Gulliver’s calls. Instead, she just heard sparrows making noise in the bushes. “Maybe Gulliver missed the harbour.” Dad said. After breakfast, Katie took her camera to the harbour. All the colourful boats made pretty pictures, but not the one she wanted most.Katie waved to Ernest, her uncle’s neighbour, on the boathouse. The gull’s name, Gulliver, was given by him.The gull’s size and his single leg made the bird itself different. But Ernest told Katie what Gulliver did that first summer Katie and her dad came caught everyone’s attention. Young Katie lay in her stroller (婴儿车) on the floating dock (码头) when Uncle Ralph and Dad were repairing boats nearby. The waves from the passing boat made Katie’s stroller shake strongly. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Gulliver made the loudest cry. Dad and uncle rushed to Katie and stopped the stroller from falling into the water. They kept a close eye at Katie after that. Another summer Katie was three years old, she liked to touch everything. But Dad didn’t watch her every minute when she tried to catch small ducks around or fish from water. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” The gull’s cry brought Dad back in time. He stopped Katie as she tried to follow the small ducks running towards water. Several summers passed, and Gulliver continued to call out as Katie tried new things.This summer Katie did the usual by-the-sea things she’d learned to do. One day, she rowed a boat out but was trapped on a rock by a storm. As she looked up and tried to catch the last warmth of the sunshine through dark clouds, she saw a single white feather. A gull feather? She searched the sky for an answer. Putting her arms around knees, she closed eyes to hold in the tears (眼泪). “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Katie sat up. “Katie! Katie!” Soon, Dad and Uncle Ralph appeared. “How lucky! We heard Gulliver as we came around the rocks,” Uncle Ralph said, “At least… it sounded like him. Strange, he was nowhere in sight.” Katie remembered the feather. “I thought I heard him, too.”—Adapted from the story by Gillian Richardson5．Katie took a camera to the harbour in order to take a picture of ________.A．Gulliver B．Ernest C．sparrows D．boats6．What’s the right order of the following events about Katie?①She was trapped on a rock by a storm.②She lay in her stroller on the floating dock.③She followed the small ducks running towards water.A．①②③B．①③②C．②③①D．②①③7．Which of the following can show the change of Katie’s feelings in Paragraph 3?A．sad—peaceful—excited B．sad—excited—nervousC．helpless—hopeful—thankful D．helpless—thankful—nervous8．What’s the best title for the story?A．Katie and Gulliver B．Katie’s HolidaysC．Katie and Dad D．Katie’s Tears03（2023·江苏宿迁·校联考一模）Marie didn’t like Eva’s friendship with Tom, so she told her husband that she didn’t want any smell of horses in the house. St Clare told Tom to stop working with the horses. Eva told her father she liked going for walks with Tom. So Tom had orders to leave what he was doing when Eva needed him. Eva and Tom spent a lot of time together.Tom noticed that St Clare didn’t look after his money and his house very well, and that he spent too much money on the wrong things. He started making some suggestions, and soon St Clare understood that Tom’s business advice was very good. After some time Tom started to look after the house expenses（费用）.Tom also noticed that his master didn’t take anything seriously and didn’t live well, and this worried him. One night St Clare went to a party where he drank too much. He came home very late, and Tom and another slave（奴隶）had to help him to get into bed. Tom went into his room and prayed（祈祷）for his master.The morning after, St Clare gave Tom some money to do some business for him. Tom took the money but he didn’t move.“Well, Tom, what are you waiting for?” said St Clare. “Is everything alright?”“I’m afraid not, Master,” said Tom.“What’s the problem? You look very serious.”“I feel very bad, Master. I thought that Master was always going to be good to everybody.”“Well, Tom, am I not? Do you need anything?”“No, Master is always good to me. But there is someone that Master isn’t good to.”“What do you mean?”“I thought about it last night. Master isn’t good to himself.”St Clare felt his face become red, then he laughed. “Oh, Tom!” said St Clare, with tears in his eyes. “Well, you’re right. Never again, Tom, I promise.”—Adapted from Uncle Tom’s Cabin9．Tom was asked to, leave what he was doing to ________A．work with horses B．go for walks with EvaC．spend some time with St Clare D．look after money for St Clare10．In Paragraph 3, the thing that worried Tom is ________.A．St Clare asked Tom to look after his moneyB．St Clare drank too much every dayC．St Clare didn’t look after himself well and didn’t live wellD．St Clare didn’t look after Tom well11．The underlined word “himself ” in Paragraph 12 is ________.A．Maria B．St Clare C．Eva D．Tom12．According to the passage, the correct order of the story is ________.a. Maria was unhappy with Eva’s friendship with Tom.b. St Clare felt moved and joyful when he laughed.c. St Clare gave Tom some money to do some business for him.d. Tom’s master spent too much money on the wrong things.A．adcb B．abcd C．badc D．dabc13．From the passage, we know that Tom was a ________ person.A．lazy but smart B．kind but stupid C．caring and brave D．lazy and stupid04（2023·湖南长沙·统考二模）The Adventures of Huckleberry Fine by Mark Twain is one of the first Great American Novels. It was also one of the first major American novels ever written by using Local Colorism（地方色彩主义）. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is famous for its colorful description of people and places along the Mississippi River.This book is about how a boy called Huck set the slave（奴隶）free and realized his dream of living an adventures life. In order to get out of his father’s control. Hook pretended that he was dead by Jim, who is practical and loyal to friends. Jim went together with Huck in the journey, and they became friends after experience. scenes of adventures. In their voyage, they met two frauds（骗子）. One called himself king, the other duke. Because of the king, Jim got caught by his master. By an expected chance, Huck and Tom, best friend of Hack. Got together, and they decided to set Jim free. At last, they made it.Although the book has been popular with young readers since it came out, the book immediately became controversial（有争论的）and has remained so today because the Southern society that it satirized（讽刺）had already been history.14．Where did the story happen in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn? ________A．Along the Mississippi River.B．In the southern states.C．In Canada.15．What is the plot（情节）of the story? ________①Huck met a run-away slave. Jim.②Huck met two frauds.③Huck pretended to be dead.④Jim was caught by his master and then set free.A．①②③④B．③①②④C．③②①④16．What does the underlined word “pretended” mean in Paragraph 2 ________.A．否定B．承认C．假装17．We can read the following in the passage EXCEPT ________.A．history of Local ColorismB．Huck’s life experienceC．popularity of the book18．What can we learn from the passage? ________A．It’s Buck’s dream to live a peaceful life.B．The book has gained a lot of attention.C．Huck succeeded in setting Jim free on his own.05（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）They left the busy streets and went to a part of the town Scrooge never visited. It was a terrible place. The streets were dirty, and the smell was very bad. The houses and shops were of the poorest kind. The people were all thin, dirty, and they looked very ill. Everything was ugly.They came to where an old man sat. He was selling dirty pieces of cloth, smelly old bones, and all kinds of old and useless things. As they watched, two old women and an old man, equally dirty, smelly, and ugly came into the shop. They carried large bags.“Come and sit by the fire,” the shopkeeper said. “Tell me what you have to sell me.”“Nothing a dead man will miss,” the first woman said with a nasty（让人讨厌的）laugh.“If he wanted to keep them after he was dead, why wasn’t he a good man when he was alive? If he had been, he would have had someone to look after him. He would not have died alone.”“That’s very true,” said the second woman, putting a few clothes on the floor. “He got the death he deserved.” She pointed at the clothes. “What will you give me for those, Joe?” She asked the shopkeeper, adding, “I did nowrong taking them from the dead man’s house.”The shopkeeper looked at everything the woman wanted to sell him and put a price on it. Then he added everything up. The final amount was very small.“That’s not much,” the woman said.“Take it or leave it,” the shopkeeper said. “I won’t pay a penny（便士）more.”—Taken from A Christmas Carol根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
EG Test 2 Passage 1 阅读译文
A BAR AT THE FOLIES女神游乐场的酒吧间(Un bar auxfolies)A One of the most critically renowned paintings of the19th-century modernist movement is the French painter Edouard Manet's masterwork,A Bar at the Folies.Originally belonging to the composer Emmanuel Chabrier, it is now in the possession of The Courtauld Gallery in London,where it has also become a favourite with the crowds.《女神游乐场的酒吧间》是法国画家爱德华·马奈极为重要，最具声誉的作品之一，创作于19世纪现代主义运动期间。
原本被作曲家埃马纽埃尔·夏布里埃所收藏，如今馆藏于伦敦考陶尔德画廊，深受参观者的喜爱。
B The painting is set late at night in a nineteenth-century Parisian nightclub.A barmaid stands alone behind her bar,fitted out in a black bodice that has a frilly white neckline,and with a spray of flowers sitting across her décolletage.She rests her hands on the bar and gazes out forlornly at a point just below the viewer,not quite making eye contact.Also on the bar are some bottles of liquor and a bowl of oranges, but much of the activity in the room takes place in the reflection of a mirror behind the barmaid.Through this mirror we see an auditorium, bustling with blurred figures and faces:men in top hats,a woman examining the scene below her through binoculars,another in long gloves,even the feet of a trapeze artist demonstrating acrobatic feats above his adoring crowd.In the foreground of the reflection a man with a thick moustache is talking with the barmaid.画中的场景发生在19世纪巴黎的一间酒吧里。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P2—法学类
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P2—法学类Passage 2(Stricter Traffic Law can Prevent Accidents)From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.1.The main idea of this passage is[A] Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.[B] Thousands of people the world over are killed each year.[C] The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.[D] Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.2.What does the author think of society toward motorists?[A] Society smiles on the motorists.[B] Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.[C] Victims of accidents are nothing.[D] Society condones their rude driving.3.Why does the author say:’his car becomes the extension of his personality?’[A] Driving can show his real self.[B] Driving can show the other part of his personality.[C] Driving can bring out his character.[D] His car embodies his temper.4.Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?[A] Build more highways.[B] Stricter driving tests.[C] Test drivers every three years.[D] raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.5.The attitude of the author is[A] ironical[B] critical[C] appealing[D] militantVocabulary1.immunise 使免疫，使免除2.expectation of life = life expectancy 平均寿命3.versus = against 对顶，反对4.mutilate 伤害5.wilful 任性的，固执的6.benign 宽厚的，仁慈的7.condone 宽容8.desecrate 亵渎，玷污9.code 法规，规定，惯例10.stringent 严格的，紧急的，迫切的11.performance 演出，成品，这里是指car’s behavior such as speed, function etc.可译成行为，汽车行为、功能等。
2015 职称英语 综合 B 小抄 排序 概括大意
第四篇Alaska1. P 3____ Land and population2. P4____ D）The natives of the land3. P5_________ Transportation problem4. P6_________Rich resources of the state5. For as long as three months of a year，the sun ________ on the ice-covered land of Alaska. D. shines day and night6. According to statistics，_________ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming. E. only a very small percentage7. Alaska was originally part of Russia，but was bought _______. C. by the United States in the 19th century8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth__________ A. as fish does2015-y-1 adult education1. P2_____ Ways of receiving adult education2. P 3____ Necessity for developing adult education3. P 4____ Early days of adult education4. P5____ Growth of adult education5. Some adults want to learn ___ what they did not manage to learn earlier6.There are various forms of adult education，including ___ guided self-study and correspondence courses7. Adult education has been made necessary _____ by social and economic changes8. The earliest organized adult education _____ dates back to the eighteenth century2014-c body language in united states23. P1 Body language for greeting and good-bye24. P2 Body language in public places25. P3 Body language in business and social life26. P4 Body language with children27. When men shake hands, they sometimes usethe left hand to cover-- the handshake28. Some women don’t want men to give up theirseats on ---- public transportation29. People usually make eye contact with eachother during ---- a business meeting30. An angry mother sometimes shakes an indexfinger at ----- her kids第三篇English and English Community1.P 2 The Definition of a Speech2.P3 __ . The Composition of the English3.Pa 4 ___ . The Wide Use of English4.P5 __ The Advantages of Learning aSecond Language5.Only through the shared language_______.A. that of a speech community6. The idea of the national boundaries is oftendifferent from_______.7. Speakers are classified into twogroups_______. D. for the sake of simplicity8. An understanding of English___ hasplayed an important role in the field ofeducation第八篇EarthquakeHarm Screening May Do to Younger WomanInvestigating the Effect of ScreeningEffects Predicted by Two Different ModelsSmall Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation . save a lifestill open to debate(争论)reduce the risk of radiation triggering acancerreduced to the minimum第六篇How We Form First Impression1. P2_____ Comparing Incoming SensoryInformation Against Memories2. P3_____ C Illustration Of FirstImpression3. P4__ Comment on First Impression4. P5____ Ways Of Departure fromImmature and Simplistic Impressions5. Sensory information is one that isperceived through____ the sights and soundsof the world6. You interpret _____ by comparing itagainst the memories already stored in yourbrain. --the meaning of incoming sensoryinformation7. The way we stereotype people is a lessmature form of thinking，which is similarto___ the immature form of thinking of avery8. We can use our more mature style ofthinking thanks to___ the most complex areas第七篇How to Argue with Your BossPa 2____ Don’t Go in When You are AngryP3________. Make the Issue ClearP4________ Propose Your SolutionP5_____Put Yourself in the Boss’s PositionIf you want to ask the boss for anything, it isimportant to find out first_. . how he is feelingIt is necessary to make clear to theboss_what you really want to talk to himaboutIt is not wise to present the boss with aproblem___without suggesting a way to solveitYou must be considerate and think of thetroubles__________ C. the boss may have2015-b-2 hurricanesP1 _ A Short History of Naming HurricanesP 2 __ Different Names for the Same Things25.P4 ___ Huge Energy Stored in a Hurricane26.P5 __ Difficulty in Forecasting the Courseof a Hurricane27.Both male and female names are used forhurricanes in consideration of __ sex equalitying weather satellites can ensure________ of hurricanes. ----- the timely(及时的)discovery29.Energy specialists may be interested in________ of hurricanes. ------ the huge power2012-c who built giza’s pyramids?23. P 1__Builders of the pyramids24. P2___ Pyramid builders' jobs25. P3___ Pyramid builders' tough lives26. P4___ An important national project27. The pyramids of Giza were built __by ordinary Egyptians __28. To build the pyramids, the workers had different roles and worked ___ on different teams29. Both men and women workers suffered from arthritis which developed ___ from taking heavy things30. The pyramid builders were proud ___ of their work2013-c pedestrians only23. P1____An idea from ancient history24. P2____A need for change25. P3____ Facing protests from shop owners26. P 4____ Increase in sales and customers27. Traffic-free shopping streets first developed in________. Middle Eastern countries28. In the 1960s, dirty gases from cars made shopping________. a bad experience29. Shopkeepers mistakenly believed thecar-free streets would keepaway____customers30. The arrival of the traffic-free shopping street made many ________ lose their business.------- furniture sellers 第一篇The Making of a Success Story1. P 2 ___The origin of IKEA2. P3 _ Specialization in selling furniture3. P4 _Success brought by the introductionof showrooms4. P5 ___Flat packaging – a feature of IKEA5. Even when he was only a child, ____.6. ____, and years later became a bigcompany specialized in manufacturing andselling of furniture. -------IKEA began as asmall store selling all kinds of cheap things.7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA’sshowrooms because ____.-------- E. herethey can see and try the furniture they aregoing to buy.8. As flat packaging saves money for bothIKEA and the customers, ____.-------- B. it ishighly welcomed by both第二篇The Paper Chase1. P 2 _____ A. Find a Place to Work on2. Pa3 __ E. Get Rid of Unimportant Things3. P4 _____ F. Dealing With Bills4. P5 __ C. What Is a Good Filing System5. Stephanie Denton is expert ______in paperchase6. You can put your file cart anywhere youlike, on condition ___ that it is easily reached7. Coupons should be thrown away because____________. A. they are useless8. "Mentally flexible" indicates the fact _.that different people have different第九篇Transport and Trade1. P2 __ Importance of transport in tradeP3 ____. Higher living standardP4 __Birth of transport-related inds and trade4. P5 __Role of information in trade5. The development of modern means oftransport ______ has greatly promoted trade6. Only when goods can be carried to allparts of the world quickly _____is it possibleto produce on a large scale7. Transport has made it possible for peopleto eat whatever food they want ___ at anytime during the year8. In the trade of modern society thetransmission of information plays asimportant a role as ___the transport of goods第五篇US Signs Global Tobacco TreatyUS Signing of the FCTCHow the FCTC Came into BeingWhat the FCTC DemandsWhat the FCTC Will Bring about5. Signing the FCTC is only the first steptoward__________. approving it6. Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to,among other things, ____. restrict smoking inpublic places7. It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly helpto reduce deaths_____ caused by tobacco use8. Much more countries have signed theFCTC than those that__________. haveratified it2012-c who built giza’s pyramids?23. P 1__Builders of the pyramids24. P2___ Pyramid builders' jobs25. P3___ Pyramid builders' tough lives26. P4___ An important national project27. The pyramids of Giza were built __byordinary Egyptians __28. To build the pyramids, the workers haddifferent roles and worked ___ on differentteams29. Both men and women workers sufferedfrom arthritis which developed ___ fromtaking heavy things30. The pyramid builders were proud ___ oftheir work。
2015年职称英语考试(综合类B级概括大意与完成句子)全真模拟题二
Science Fiction1. Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.2. It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society,a theme which is still often found in modem stories.3. Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundredyears. Books by writers such as Jules Veme and H. G Wells, to mention just two well-known authors have been translated into many languages.4. Modem science fiction writers don't write about men from Mars (火星) or space adventure stories . They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now . Because of this, their writing has obvious politicalundertones(含义).5. In an age where science fact frequently overtakes (超过) science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology. Paragraph 2______A．A Fairly New DevelopmentB．Classics of Science FictionC．Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Advances D．Origins of Science FictionE．Themes of Modern Science Fiction24、Paragraph 3______A．A Fairly New DevelopmentB．Classics of Science FictionC．Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Advances D．Origins of Science FictionE．Themes of Modern Science Fiction25、Paragraph 4______A．A Fairly New DevelopmentB．Classics of Science FictionC．Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Advances D．Origins of Science FictionE．Themes of Modern Science Fiction26、Paragraph 5______A．A Fairly New DevelopmentB．Classics of Science FictionC．Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Advances D．Origins of Science FictionE．Themes of Modern Science Fiction27、Some form of ideal society is_____A．concerned with the problems to solve in the future B．to keep ahead of scientific advances C．implicationD．a current themeE．read worldwideF．a recurrenl theme28、Books written by J. Verne are______ A．concerned with the problems to solve in the future B．to keep ahead of scientific advances C．implicationD．a current themeE．read worldwideF．a recurrenl theme29、Modem science fiction have political______ A．concerned with the problems to solve in the future B．to keep ahead of scientific advances C．implicationD．a current themeE．read worldwideF．a recurrenl theme30、The writers find it difficult_______ A．concerned with the problems to solve in the future B．to keep ahead of scientific advances C．implicationD．a current themeE．read worldwideF．a recurrenl theme。
中考英语阅读理解创新题单选题40题
中考英语阅读理解创新题单选题40题1. The author of the passage mainly talks about _____.A. the person's childhoodB. the person's achievementsC. the person's hobbiesD. the person's family答案：B。
本题主要考查对文章主旨的理解。
A 选项“the person's childhood”只是人物经历的一部分，并非主要内容；C 选项“the person's hobbies”在文中提及较少，不是重点；D 选项“the person's family”并非文章重点阐述的方面。
而 B 选项“the person's achievements”更能概括文章的主要内容。
2. The person was known for _____.A. being kindB. being braveC. being intelligentD. being funny答案：C。
文章中多处提到人物的聪明才智，展现出其在解决问题和面对挑战时的智慧。
A 选项“being kind”虽然可能是人物的品质之一，但不是主要被人知晓的特点；B 选项“being brave”在文中没有充分体现；D 选项“being funny”并非文中强调的重点。
3. What did the person do to overcome difficulties?A. Gave up easilyB. Asked for helpC. Thought carefullyD. Complained a lot答案：C。
文中描述人物在面对困难时，是通过认真思考来找到解决办法的。
A 选项“Gave up easily”与人物的行为不符；B 选项“Asked for help”文中未提及；D 选项“Complained a lot”不符合人物积极应对困难的态度。
新标准大学英语2 Reading across culture翻译全
Reading across cultures学生的权利1意大利的博洛尼亚大学创办于12世纪，是欧洲最古老的大学。
在13世纪早期，大学的管理权都掌握在学生手里。
这种权力是基于他们对教师的经济控制。
那时候，大多数大学教师的教学收入都依赖从学生那里收取的学费。
教师每堂课必需吸引至少五名学生来听讲。
如果做不到，学校就会宣布他旷课，并处以一定的罚款。
2为了保证良好的教学质量，每个学年之初，教师都要在为学生服务的市内银行预存一笔钱。
如果教师没有达到大学章程规定的标准，学生法庭就会判决从这笔存款中扣除罚款。
教师不得不同意这样的处理，因为不交罚款的教师不允许收学费，这就中断了他的收入来源。
3教师会因各种各样的缘故而受到惩罚。
如果晚一分钟上课，或者拖堂，他就会被罚款。
如果他不能按时下课，学生按照章程必须立刻离开教室。
如果教师不能按照既定的进度讲完教学大纲规定的内容，他也要被罚款。
每年开学的时候，学生和教师共同决定教材的内容和教学的时间。
跳过难点或没有逐一重点讲解难课的教师会被罚款。
4学生的控制权不仅仅限于课堂，还延伸到教师的私生活。
例如，假如一位教师希望在学期中间离开博洛尼亚几天，他就得事先征得学生官员的许可。
如果不按时返回，他就得缴纳罚款。
5学校鼓励所有的学生告发不请假就缺课或以其他任何方式违规的教师。
此外，还有一个有组织的秘密告发系统。
有四名学生被秘密选举出来监视教师。
他们有义务报告诸如教学技巧拙劣、未完成教学大纲规定的教学内容或不请假就缺课之类的违规行为。
如果有两个以上的学生告发，教师就会受到惩罚。
6从13世纪早期至14世纪中期，学生的权力在博洛尼亚持续了一百余年。
与它的起始一样，它的终结也直接与学费有关。
到了1350年，几乎所有教师都是由当地的市政厅聘用和发薪。
随着教师薪酬支付方式的改变，学生实际上就失支了对大学的控制。
Reading across cultures保持微笑1两个月以前，我在一份科普杂志上读到一篇有趣的文章，文章是关于不同文化背景下的人们是如何通过面部表情流露情感的。
2015职称英语综合类概括大意重要篇目 含译文
第二篇The Paper Chase 文件整理"Running a house is lot like running a business." says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. Stephanie Denton是俄亥俄州辛辛那提地区的职业筹划人，专门负责居民和商业部分的文书和记录工作。
他说，"打理房子更像做生意"。
To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips:如何成功地组织文件、账单和其他材料，Denton提供了如下建议：Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. 创造一个可以一直做文书工作的空间。
This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system.这或许是一个成功机制的最重要的部分。
If you can't devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. 如果你没有整张桌子的话，至少要有一个可以移动的小车来储存那些经常使用的文书，还要有一个带两个抽屉的柜子来存放家庭记录。
2015 年英语专业四级阅读理解passage 2(翻译)
2015年专业四级英语真题（翻译）Passage 2（翻译）I was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but histemperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?我是这所大学医学院的一名二年级学生，我在附近的一家医院进行了第二天的查房。
英语翻译原文&译文,绝对手工版
Translation Practice and Gains from It学生姓名：二学位班级：主修学校：指导教师：翻译心得与翻译实践摘要“汽油喷射发动机”是一篇科技类的说明文，文中提到汽油喷射发动机主要有机械式和电子喷射式两种，本文主要介绍了一种L-型的电子控制汽油喷射发动机的组成和各部分的工作原理。
“The Post-alcohol Word”也是一篇科普文章，它讲到了生物燃料的回归的背景、回归的方法以及回归的前景。
两篇文章的内容我都很感兴趣，作为汽车学院热能与动力专业的学生，我对汽车方面的知识也有更多的了解，因此在翻译汽车方面的专有名词时我会显得轻松一些。
在整个翻译过程中，我一直在实践学到的翻译技巧：增译法、重译法、减译法、词序转换法、长句拆译法、语态变化法、直译、意译等等。
在处理复杂的长句子时，一开始我会有倦怠情绪，但是拆开以后，我发现也没有想象中的那么困难。
虽然有些地方我仍然无法准确的理解，但是总体来说整个翻译过程还是比较顺利的。
我知道想要提高自己的翻译水平还要付出很多的努力。
我不仅需要更多的了解英语方面的知识，而且也要尽量提高自己的中文水平，只有这样才能保证既能准确理解原文，又能准确地将之翻译出来。
这次翻译实践我的收获很大，熟能生巧，只要坚持练习，我相信我的翻译水平会有所进步的。
关键词：翻译技巧翻译实践句子处理收获Abstract“Fuel Injection Engine” is a scientific article. It mentions that there are two kinds of fuel injection engine—mechanical fuel injection engine and electronic control fuel injection engine. This paper mainly discusses one L-type electronic control fuel injection engine about its components and the ways they work. “The Post-alcohol Word”is also a scientific article. It discusses the coming back of the biofuel, its background, methods and future. I’m interested in both of them. As a student majoring in thermal energy and power Institute of school of Automobile, I have a good knowledge of vehicles. It’s comparably easier for me to translate Auto terms.In the whole process, I have always been using the translation skills learned in the class—amplification, repetition, omission, inversion, division, the changes of voices, literal translation and free translation etc. At first I was with Weariness Emotion when dealing with long, complex sentences. But after dividing them into lots of small parts, I found it not that difficult any more. Although I still can’t understand some parts of the article accurately, the whole process is smooth.I know I need take more efforts to improve my translation competence. I should get more knowledge of English language as well as Chinese culture. Only in this way can I accurately understand and translate articles. I have gained a lot from this work. Practice makes perfect. I know I’ll get improvement in my translation skills if I keep practicing.Key words: Translation skills translation practices sentences dealing gainsContents摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)1 Description of the Material for Translation (1)2 The Use of Translation Methods (3)2.1 Using Amplification Translation (3)2.2 Using Omission Translation (3)2.3 Using Repetition Translation (3)2.4 Using Division Translation (4)2.5 Using the Changes of Voices Translation (4)2.6 Using Conversion Translation (5)2.7 Using Literal Translation (5)2.8 Using Free Translation (5)3 Sentences Dealing (6)3.1 Dealing with Long Sentences (6)3.2 Dealing with Short Sentences (6)4 Gains from Translation (7)5 Conclusion (8)Bibliography (8)1 Description of the Material for Translation“The post-alcohol world” tells that: Biofuel are back. The original 1970s appeal of biofuel was the opportunity to stick up a finger or two to the oil sheikhs. Over time, the opportunity to fight global warming added to the original energy-security appeal. Make petrol out of plants is a sufficiently clever way.Sadly, the output fuel was not petrol. Instead, it was ethanol, which stores less energy per litre, tends to absorb water and is corrosive. Thus they plan to make hydrocarbons instead of ethanol. These will be “drop-in” fuels. Appropriately designed drop-in fuels can substitute for diesel and aviation fuel, which ethanol cannot. If this approach works, it will not only be beneficial in its own right—modestly reducing greenhouse-gas emissions while making money for its investors—it will also provide a lasting market incentive to scientists to devise better ways of turning cellulose into sugar. The drop-in firms are starting to come out of the laboratory, float themselves on the stock market, team up with oil companies and build their first factories. Gevo, of Englewood, Colorado, is planning to make another type of post-ethanol fuel: butanol, which has four carbon atoms in its molecules, whereas ethanol has two. That gives butanol more energy for a given mass and makes it more alkane-like in its properties; nor does it absorb water as readily as ethanol. Moreover, the production process for butanol is more efficient than the processes that produce alkanes.Making cellulose into sugar is technically possible, and many firms are working on that possibility. Where does the cellulose come from? The answer is likely to be grass. If the price were right, such energy crops might take America a fair bit of the way to the “energy independence” that early proselytisers for biofuel crowed about. Such a future, though, depends on cars continuing to be powered by liquid fuels. Over the long run, the future for biofuel may be looking up.“Fuel Injection Engine” tells that :Compared with carburetor engine, the evident advantage of fuel injection engine is that it can accurately control the quality of the mixture. Thus it ensures complete combustion of the fuel inside the cylinder andreduces the exhaust emission as well as fuel consumption. At the same time it increases engine’s volumetric efficiency as well as engine’s power and torque. The drawback is that it’s more expensive .What’s more, once broken down, it’s difficult to repair.Fuel injection is typed into two kinds : mechanical fuel injection and electronic control fuel injection .Any kind of electronic control fuel injection device is composed of fuel injection circuit, the sensor group and the electronic control unit (microcomputer) idle equipment, exhaust gas recirculation control device etc. According to the air induction method, electronic control gasoline injection device is divided into two types .One is flow-sensor electronic control fuel injection device (L-type), which controls the fuel injection quantity by sensing the flow of air in the intakemanifold .The other one is the pressure-sensor electronic control fuel injection device (D-type), which controls fuel injection quantity by sensing the pressure of air in the intake manifold. The L-type is widely used.Both are scientific articles, thus there’re lots of terms especially in “Thepost-alcohol world”. Those original phrases are hard for me to understand, for example: “stick up a finger or two”, “t he dice are rolling”, “think big” etc. Sometimes it’s hard for me to understand thus I can’t translate all of them exactly.2 The Use of Translation MethodsIn the process of translation, I mainly used methods as follows: amplification, repetition, omission, inversion, division, the changes of voices, literal translation and free translation etc. I’ll list some examples.2.1 Using Amplification Translationeg.1 “汽油喷射发动机与化油器式发动机相比，突出的优点是能准确控制混合气的质量，保证气缸内的燃料燃烧完全，使废气排放物和燃油消耗都能够降得下来。
2015年中考阅读理解(任务型阅读)(第02期)-2014年中考英语试题分项版解析汇编(解析版)
1. 【2014年福建省龙岩市中考】阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题，并按要求完成第105题。
Should Shanghai bid for(申办) the Summer Olympics in 2028? Here are some people’s opinions.Some people said, “The games will improve Shanghai’s global influence and the city is powerful and must try to become a platform(平台) for major international dialogues. Shanghai has succeeded in holding the World Expo in 2010 and the city can also hold a successful Summer Olympics.”Others, however, are not sure that it’s a good idea. They think the Olympics would be too expensive and the money could be better spent on other things.The 2008 Beijing Olympics brought much prestige(声望) to the city and to China, but its cost, over $40 million, was high and the Olympic site(场地) in the center of the city is now largely unuse d. Could Shanghai learn from Beijing’s experience and do it better?My answer is yes. As one American said, “A great city has to do great things.” Shanghai is a great city and is not afraid of facing challenges. Holding the 2028 Summer Olympics would prove that.【小题1】When did Shanghai hold the World Expo?【小题2】Why don’t some people agree to bid for the 2028 Summer Olympics?【小题3】How much did the 2008 Beijing Olympics cost?【小题4】Does the writer agree to Shanghai’s bidding?【小题5】请将划线句子翻译成汉语。
2015中考英语阅读理解综合型
【2015 山东德州】六、阅读表达（共 5 小题，计 10 分）阅读短文，依据题目要求达成各小题。
We need to be responsible(有责任心的)for our environment. Being a frugal consumer( 节约的花费者 )is one way to help. But, what exactly does that mean?Use it upYou can use things up instead of wasting them. Press that last bit of’t throw away toothpaste( 牙膏 ) out. Use the last little piece of soap. Donany bits of the biscuit at the bottom of the box.74 ① ____You do not always need to have new things. Suppose there are holes in yoursocks. Mend them and wear them longer. You don’t have to have the latest telephone until the old one doesn’ t work anymore. Then you get a new one.72Think twice before replacing something that still works.74②_________When something you want is not on hand, look for something else that youalready have to take its place. Suppose you are preparing your lunch fortomorrow and want a butter sandwich. However, there is not any butter in your home. Have a cheese sandwich instead so that you can use all of the cheese.With a little thought, you can make something do, instead of buysomething new.Do withoutThink about all those things that you would like to have. Do you really needthem? How long will you really play with that new toy? Make a list of thingsthat you want. Delete the things that you don’t really need, so you can savea lot of resources(资源).71.When can you get a new telephone according to the passage?________________________________________________72.Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese._______________________________________________73.What should you do if you don’t have butter for a sandwich at home?_______________________________________________74.从以下 ABC中选出能填入文中空白处的最正确段意。
安徽英语扫扫刊第一次+第二次+第三次
狂押到底·扫扫刊6.1—6.9名校部模拟题Ⅰ. 完形填空话题一学校生活(2015仿真卷〕Cloze 1In China, we have a lot of homework. However, most of the homework cannot helpus think creatively (创造性地), because it is very monotonous(千篇一律的). For example, we need to copy the English and Chinese words 1 times almost every day. Many of us go to sleep very late because we need to complete our 2 . I believe if we continue to stay up, we will not have 3 to learn new knowledge. Recent studies suggest that having enough sleep 4 very important to the development of our brain and body.My foreign friends also have homework, but their homework is quite different 5 what I have in my school.I asked my friend Emily, a student at an international 6 inShanghai, how much homework she has every day. She said that she needs no more than two 7 to finish her homework every day, and 8 homework is usually very creative and useful. For example, her teacher usually asks them to 9 a book and prepare a presentation(演讲) about the book. Then the next day, they need to share the presentation with the class. This type of homework really helps students think creatively. After completing the homework, she has enough time to 10 with friends, and more importantly, she gets enough sleep!In the future, I hope our teachers assign(布置)less, but more creative homework to us.1.A. much B. many C. more D. most2.A. homework B. housework C. class D. school3.A. chance B. turn C. energy D. dream4.A. am B. is C. are D. be5.A. to B. with C. for D. from6.A. classroom B. club C. school D. camp7.A. hours B. minutes C. days D. weeks8.A. his B. our C. her D. my10.A. hung out B. clean out C. put out D. come out话题二哲理故事〔27中一模〕Cloze 2Once upon a time, some small frogs held a competition. The first to 1 thetop of a very high tower would be the winner. A big crowd gathered around the tower to see the competition and2 them up.The competition began. No one in the crowd really believed that 3 of the small frogs would get to the top of the tower. One by one, the small frogs 4 .The crowd kept shouting, “It’s too 5 ! No frog will make it!〞More frogs got tired and gave up, but one 6 climbing, higher and higher. This one wouldn’t give up!In the end, he was the only one to get to the top! The other frogs wanted to know: 7 did the frog make it?One frog walked up to ask the winner. The 8 is that the winner was deaf 〔聋的〕! He had won because he was able to keep his own 9 . He couldn’t hear criticism〔批评〕; nor could he hear praise.There is a 10 for us all in the small frog’s story. Don’t let others turn you away from your path in life.1.A. ask for B. look at C. get to D. care for2.A. wait B. cheer C. turn D. depend3.A. any B. some C. every D. none4.A. came over B. moved back C. got up D. gave up5.A. easy B. possible C. difficult D. low6.A. loved B. continued C. stopped D. succeeded7.A. how B. what C. whether D. when8.A. win B. thing C. frog D. truth9.A. eyes B. feet C. mind D. head10.A. problem B. lesson C. question D. storyⅡ.阅读理解话题一文化风俗(定远县二模)Passage 1After a busy morning at work lunchtime gives me a chance to do many things, such as exercising, reading or watching TV. One cultural difference I’ve noticed between Britain and China is what we do during lunchtime.In China, people use lunchtime to rest and take a nap (小睡). I often see office workers rest their heads at their desks. Sometimes, I see workers in restaurantsalso taking short naps.However in Britain, this activity is quite uncommon. British students usually have a one-hour lunch break. Instead of napping,they fill that time by playing sports or talking with friends.And many workers in Britain don’t get the chance to nap. They generally have short lunch breaks－between 30 minutes to an hour. So there is not enough time to have a good nap. Because of the short breaks, it is common for people to work through lunch, and have food at their desks.Yet in China, workers have longer lunch breaks, giving them a better chance to sleep. And interestingly, it’s not only Chinese who enjoy napping. Spain is famous for its afternoon naps, which are called siestas. It usually lasts around two hours!1. What does the writer often do during lunchtime?(不超过10个词)2. What do British students usually do during lunchtime? (不超过10个词)3. What is the passage mainly about? (不超过20个词)话题二哲理故事(长丰县三模英语)Passage 2As a kid, I used to spend my summer with my grandparents on their large farm in Texas. Every few summers, we’d join a caravan (旅行拖车) club to travel around the USA. On one trip, I was about ten. I was playing in the big bench in the back of the car. My grandfather was driving. And my grandmother had the passenger seat, She smoked throughout these trips, and I hated the smell.Then I remembered an ad about smoking. It said that every puff (一口) of a cigarette would take about two minutes off your life. At that age, I’d take any excuse to do the math. I estimated (估算) the number of cigarettes my grandmother smoked per day, the number of puffs per cigarette and so on. When I was pleased that I’d come up with a number, I proudly told my grandmother, “At two minutes per puff, you’ve taken nine years off your life!〞I expected my grandmother would say something good for my cleverness. Instead, she began to cry, I did not know what to do. My grandfather had to stop the car by the roadside. He got out of the car, came around, opened my door and waited for me to follow.My grandfather looked at me and said gently and calmly,“Jeff, one day you’ll understand that it’s harder to be kind than clever.〞What I want to talk to you today is the difference between gifts and choices. Cleverness is a gift, and kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy—they’re given after all. Choices can be hard.1. What did Jeff’s grandparents do? (不超过10个词)2. Where did Jeff learn that smoking would shorten a person’s life? (不超过10个词)3. What does the writer try to tell us? (不超过20个词)话题三生活故事(45中二模英语)Passage 3Mr. Dawson was an old man with a bad temper (脾气). And everyone in town knew it. Kids were afraid to go into his yard to pick apples.One Friday, 12-year-old Janet and her friend Amy had to walk past Mr. Dawson’s house. When Janet saw him, she suggested crossing the street to the other side. But Amy said they needn’t.When Mr. Dawson saw Amy, he smiled and said, “Hello, Amy! I see you have a new friend with you today.〞 Amy smiled back and told him that Janet would stay with her that night. Mr. Dawson looked friendly and gave them each a fresh apple. The girls were glad to get them.Later Janet asked Amy, “Everyone says he is the most unwelcome person in town. Why was he so kind to us?〞 Amy explained that when she first walked past his house, she was also afraid of him. But she pretended (假装) there was an invisible(看不见的) smile on his face and so she always smiled back at him. It took a long time, but one day he half-smiled back at her, and then started talking to her.“An invisible smile?〞 Janet was puzzled. “Yes.〞Answered Amy,“My grandma told me to think so. She says smiles can run around. If we keep smiling at someone, sooner or later he will really smile back.〞Remember what Amy’s grandma said, and we will find that most people can’t refuse our smile.1. What did people feel about Mr. Dawson? (不超过10个词)2. Who did Amy learn “an invisible smile〞 from? (不超过10个词)3. What does the writer want to tell us? (不超过10个词)参考答案名校部模拟题Ⅰ.完形填空Cloze 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。
中考英语阅读理解专题复习
中考英语阅读理解专题复习一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析）1．阅读理解Scrapbooking is a hobby. It was popular for more than 500 years. People called it a friendship book. They kept pictures, letters, poems and other things they wanted to remember.Today people collect many things in scrapbooks. Some people have funny collections, like the world's most awkward ideas or pictures of the world's most ugly dogs. Other people may collect stories about the bad weather.It is easy to get started. First, you should decide what you want to collect. Start with just one idea. Next, you will need a book with background paper, scissors and glue. You need the scissors to cut out the pictures or stories. You need the glue to stick them to the background paper.You can be busy and collect many things or lazy and collect few things. It'll be lots of fun to make your scrapbook and you can share it with your friends.（1）How long was scrapbooking popular?A. less than 500 yearsB. 500 yearsC. over 500 yearsD. more than 550 years （2）What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined word "awkward"?A. 聪明的B. 愚蠢的C. 美妙的D. 残疾的（3）How many items （物品） are mentioned to make a scrapbook?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.（4）To make a scrapbook, what do you need first?A. Glue.B. Scissors.C. A book.D. An idea.（5）What's the best title of the passage?A. ScrapbookingB. The History of ScrapbookingC. What Is a Scrapbook?D. How to make a Scrapbook【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）D（5）A【解析】【分析】本文介绍了剪粘书的通途，可以保存照片、信件、诗歌和其他他们想记住的东西。
现代大学英语精读 Paper Tiger 英汉版本
Lesson 1 Paper TigersWhat happens to all the Asian-American overachievers when the test-taking ends?当考试结束时，所有的亚裔美国人都会有怎样的表现呢？By Wesley Yang Published May 8,2011para 1Sometimes I’ll glimpse my reflection in a window and feel astonished by what I see. Jet-black hair. Slanted eyes. A pancake-flat surface of yellow-and-green-toned skin. An expression that is nearly reptilian in its impassivity. I’ve contrived to think of this face as the equal in beauty to any other. But what I feel in these moments is its strangeness to me. It’s my face. I can’t disclaim it. But what does it have to do with me?有时我会从窗户里瞥见我的倒影，我会对我所看到的感到惊讶。
乌黑的头发。
斜眼。
黄绿色肤色的薄煎饼状的表面。
一种近乎爬行动物般冷漠的表情。
我想方设法地认为这张脸在美貌上与其他任何人都不相上下。
但在这些时刻我感觉到的是它对我来说很奇怪。
这是我的脸。
我不能否认。
但这和我有什么关系呢？Para 2Millions of Americans must feel estranged from their own faces. But every self-estranged individual is estranged in his own way. I, for instance, am the child of Korean immigrants, but I do not speak my parents’ native tongue. I have never dated a Korean woman. I don’t have a Korean friend. Though I am an immigrant, I have never wanted to strive like one.一定有无数的美国人对他们自己的长相会有一种疏离感,但是其中每个人的原因却又不尽相同。
英语期末考试复习材料-新风尚
Part I Complete the Passage with the Correct Form of the Words.Mass media includes print media like newspapers and magazines, electronic media like radio, television and video and new age digital media like internet, blogs and mobile phones. To know the origin and history of media, we should know the growth and (1) _development_ of mass media. History of mass media can be (2) _traced_ back to the early days of dramas that were (3) _performed_ in various cultures. However, the term Mass Media originated with the print media that was also its first example. The first newspaper was printed in China 868 A.D, but due to the high cost of paper and illiteracy（文盲）amongst people, it didn’t (4) _prosper_.Regarding the (5) _origin_ of the Mass Media, Europe can boast to be the (6) _primary_ source. It was Johannes Gutenberg, who for the first time printed a book in a printing press in 1453. Gradually, during the post-Second World War period, radio, television and video were introduced. The audio-visual (7) _facilities_became very popular as they provided information and entertainment. Of late, it is the Internet which has become the (8) _latest_ and most popular of the mass media. Here, information is (9) _provided_ through various websites and search engines. One can play games, listen to radio while working and chat with friends and relatives, irrespective (不顾的) of location. It also gives information on (10) _various_ topics such as literature, politics, science, sports, fashion, movies, education, career, jobs etc. similar to other types of mass media.Thus, due to the progress of science and technology, history of media has evolved and reached the present-day world.Part IISentence Translation (From Chinese to English)1.我们的信念与行动得到大众及社会的普遍肯定。
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The Paper Chase
1. "Running a house is lot like running a business." says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips:
2. Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you can't devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work. whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room.
3. When in doubt, throw it out, the first step to implementing a workable filling system is to eliminate paper you don't use, don't need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings you'll never have an opportunity to use or even read.
4. Set aside two days a month to pay bills, if a monthly due date doesn't fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date, keep two manila folders at the front of your system for current bills — one to correspond with each bill-paying day — and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case the invoice never arrives or gets misplaces.
5. Think of your filling system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filling system is both mentally and physically flexible, everyone's needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself: "Where would I look for this?" Create main headings for your filling system, such as investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.
练习：
1. Paragraph 2 __________
2. Paragraph 3 __________
3. Paragraph 4 __________
5. Stephanie Denton is expert ____________________.
6. You can put your file cart anywhere you like, on condition ________.
7. Coupons should be thrown away because ____________________.
译文：
文件整理
Stephanie Denton是俄亥俄州辛辛那提地区的职业筹划人，专门负责居民和商业部分的文书和记录工作。
他说，“打理房子更像做生意”。
如何成功地组织文件、账单和其他材料，Denton提供了如下建议：
创造一个可以一直做文书工作的空间。
这或许是一个成功机制的最重要的部分。
如果你没有整张桌子的话，至少要有一个可以移动的小车来储存那些经常使用的文书，还要有一个带两个抽屉的柜子来存放家庭记录。
把这个可移动的小车放在你工作最方便、最舒适的地方，无论是厨房、办公室还是家庭游艺室。
当有怀疑的时候，就把它扔出来。
建立一个可行的档案系统，首先要把那些你不用、不需要或者你可以在其他地方轻易得到的文件扔掉。
扔掉那些复件、旧索引和所有你永远不会有机会使用甚至阅读的优待券、邮件和礼券。
每个月留出两天时间付账单。
如果每个月的结账日期不适合你，打电话给你的债权人并建议换一个更方便的日期。
建立一个与每个结账日相对应的账单系统，在你当前的账单系统前放两个马尼拉折叠夹来整理所有进来的账单。
在每个需要付账的文件夹前列一个清单以防发票没到或者放错了地方。
你的档案系统不是一个严格的工具，而是一个活生生的、能够呼吸的、能适应你不断变化需要的系统。
一个好的档案系统要有心理和身体两个方面的灵活性。
Denton 说，每个人的需要都是不同的，但是在设计档案系统前问问自己，“我要到哪儿去找它呢?”为你的档案系统加上主要的标题，比如投资、税务、孩子等，然后将文件夹分类放在标题下。
不要把你的文件夹塞得过满。