独立主格讲义

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独立主格结构详细讲解

独立主格结构详细讲解独立主格结构是英语语法中的一种常见句法结构。

它由一个名词或代词（可以是单数或复数）作为主语状语出现在一个主句中，用于表达额外的信息或修饰。

独立主格结构并不影响主句的主谓结构，可以理解为主句中的非限定性状语从句。

下面将详细讲解独立主格结构及其用法。

1.结构特点：- The weather being fine, we went for a picnic. （天气晴朗，我们去野餐。

）- The children playing in the park are my nephew and niece. （在公园里玩耍的孩子是我的侄子和侄女。

）- Me being late for the meeting is totally my fault. （我迟到开会是完全我的错。

）2.用法总结：（1）表示条件：- Weather permitting, we will go hiking this weekend. （如果天气允许的话，我们这周末去远足。

）- Time permitting, I will finish the report by tomorrow. （如果时间允许，明天之前我会完成这份报告。

）（2）表示时间：- The bell ringing, the students hurried to the classroom. （铃声一响，学生们急忙赶到教室。

）- The sun having set, we decided to go home. （太阳已经下山了，我们决定回家。

）（3）修饰主句主语：- Tom, an experienced pilot, flew the airplane with confidence. （汤姆，一位有经验的飞行员，自信地驾驶着飞机。

）- Sally, a talented musician, played the piano at the concert. （莎莉，一位才华横溢的音乐家，在音乐会上弹奏钢琴。

独立主格语法考点总结讲义-高三英语复习作文专题

2024年高三英语高考三轮复习【作文专题】独立主格语法考点总结（讲义）独立主格(Abosolute Phrase)是一个短语，在句中作状语。

在使用独立主格结构之前，需要先明确主句部分和状语部分。

若状语部分的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致时(即状语部分有自己独立的主语)，则使用独立主格结构。

独立主格结构由两部分组成：前一部分是名词或代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(动名词,不定式,现在分词，过去分词)或形容词,副词,名词或介词短语。

with/without复合结构，同样也是在句中作状语，且状语部分的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致时，考虑使用。

因此with/without复合结构作状语时属于独立主格结构的其中一种。

两者的联系与区别想进一步探究的同学可以去观察总结，这里不作赘述。

这里主要讲独立主格最为常见的形式：名词/代词+分词(现在分词/过去分词)；名词/代词+不定式；名词/代词+形容词；名词/代词+介词短语。

独立主格常见结构（一）名词/主格代词+现在分词现在分词构成的独立主格结构表示状语部分的逻辑主语(名词/代词)主动进行的动作或状态。

(1).女孩盯着他，他不知所措。

(With) the girl staring at him,he was at a loss.你还有其它表示方式吗？【讲解】把“他不知所措”当作主句，那么“女孩盯着他”作伴随状语。

由于状语部分有自己独立的主语“女孩”，和主句的主语不一致，所以使用独立主格结构。

又因为“女孩”和“盯”之间表示主动，所以使用现在分词。

在作状语时，with复合结构也属于独立主格结构的一种，两者可以互换。

但在口语表达中，一般不使用独立主格结构。

(2).伤心并且害怕，他坐着一动不动，啥也没说，泪水不由自主地留下脸颊。

Heartbroken and frustrated, he sat still and said noting, (with) tears rolling down his cheeks beyond control.你还有其它表示方式吗？【讲解】“他坐着一动不动并且啥也没说”是主句,那么“伤心并且害怕(伴随状语1)”和“泪水不由自主地留下脸颊(伴随状语2)”是两个状语。

(完整版)独立主格结构详细讲解

独立主格一、独立主格结构的含义和实质“独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”，是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。

由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。

其实，所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。

独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。

二、独立主格结构的基本形式和功能独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词分句（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）或无动词分句（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语），表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。

基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语，with引导的复合结构。

1．名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。

例The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.注：“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去，这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。

2．名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。

例The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been，being。

独立主格结构完整讲解

独立主格结构完整讲解独立主格结构是一种常见的句法结构，它通常由一个名词或代词加上一个动词的ing形式构成，用于描述一个与主句主语相关但又相对独立的动作或状态。

独立主格结构的语法特点和用法比较灵活，可以在句子中作为插入语、原因状语、时间状语、让步状语等，用于增加语境的丰富性和句子结构的多样性。

1.独立主格结构作为插入语：- The car crashed into a tree, the driver texting on his phone.(这辆车撞到了一棵树上，司机正在用手机发短信。

)- We walked in the park, the birds chirping in the trees.(我们在公园里散步，树上的鸟儿在叽叽喳喳地唱着。

)2.独立主格结构作为原因状语：- My car broke down on the way to work, me being careless with maintenance.(在去上班的路上，我的车抛锚了，这是因为我对保养不够细心。

) - He missed his flight, him oversleeping this morning.(他错过了飞机，因为他今天早上睡过头了。

)3.独立主格结构作为时间状语：- I spent the whole day in the library, my friends hanging out at the beach.(我整天都呆在图书馆，好朋友们都在海滩玩。

)(她连续加班数周，她的同事休产假了。

)4.独立主格结构作为让步状语：- Despite the rain, the kids played outside, their parents not minding the wet clothes.(尽管下着雨，孩子们还是在外面玩，他们的父母并不介意弄湿衣服。

)- For all his efforts, he still failed the exam, him not studying hard enough.(尽管付出了努力，他还是考试不及格，因为没有学习足够努力。

独立主格结构完整讲解

独立主格结构完整讲解独立主格作：方式状语While he was XXX in class。

his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.例句：The job finished。

he felt a sense of relief.工作完成后，他感到一种解脱感。

独立主格作：原因状语After the job was finished。

he felt a sense of relief.造句：她看到他走进房间，心情变得很好。

Seeing him walk into the room。

she felt much better.独立主格作：原因状语Because she saw him walk into the room。

she felt much better.三、常见的独立主格结构1.时间状语：time permitting，when he was young，afterthe war，before long，at present，nowadays，in the past，in the future等。

2.原因状语：the job finished，the book read，the work done，the n made，the problem solved等。

3.条件状语：weather permitting，time allowing，XXX等。

4.方式状语：eyes fixed，hands folded，mouth open，head down等。

5.伴随状语：the sun shining，the XXX，XXX falling等。

6.比较状语：the same being true of，the XXX等。

7.让步状语：his leg being broken，XXX bad等。

独立主格结构是一种灵活的修饰方式，可以在句子中起到多种不同的作用。

需要注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词，这是其与其他句子成分的主要区别。

(word完整版)高中英语语法独立主格结构讲解

独立主格结构：独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）.它在句法上游离与句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何语法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，给他构成一个完整的寓意环境。

独立主格结构没有主语和位于，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。

独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号上与主句隔开。

一、独立主格结构的形式独立结构可分为俩部分，一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。

1）名词/代词+形容词I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。

He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。

2）名词/代词+现在分词Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。

The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。

3）名词/代词+过去分词More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。

The boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里，右手高举。

4）名词/代词（主格）+不定式Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month.这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。

独立主格结构讲解

独立主格结构讲解独立主格结构是英语中的一种语法结构，由名词或代词加上现在分词构成。

它常常用于句子中作为附加信息，用来强调或解释主句的动作或状态。

在本文中，我们将详细讲解独立主格结构的用法和特点。

一、独立主格结构的构成独立主格结构由一个名词或代词作为主格，加上一个现在分词构成。

这个结构在句子中可以作为一个独立的成分存在，告诉读者额外的信息。

例如：1. 他们走了，脸上带着微笑。

在这个例子中，"脸上带着微笑"是一个独立主格结构，用来说明"他们走了"的状态。

二、独立主格结构的用途1. 表示伴随或状态：独立主格结构可以用来描述主句中的动作或状态。

例如：- 她跳下跑道，手举双臂。

在这个例子中，"手举双臂"是一个独立主格结构，用来描述"她跳下跑道"时的动作状态。

2. 表示原因或目的：独立主格结构有时可以用来表示主句中动作的原因或目的。

例如：- 他们冲出房子，惊呼一声。

在这个例子中，"惊呼一声"是一个独立主格结构，用来解释"他们冲出房子"的原因。

3. 表示时间或条件：独立主格结构也可以表示主句中动作发生的时间或条件。

例如：- 太阳升起，鸟儿开始歌唱。

在这个例子中，"鸟儿开始歌唱"是一个独立主格结构，用来说明"太阳升起"时鸟儿开始歌唱。

三、独立主格结构的特点1. 独立性：独立主格结构在句子中可以独立存在，独立于主句，但是与主句之间有逻辑上的联系。

2. 不受时间和人称的限制：独立主格结构的动作可以与主句中的动作同时发生，也可以发生在主句之前或之后。

而且，独立主格结构可以使用第一、第二、第三人称，取决于句子的说话者。

3. 逻辑上的连接：独立主格结构需要与主句之间存在逻辑上的联系，它们共同构成一个完整的句子。

四、独立主格结构的例句为了更好地理解独立主格结构，以下是一些例句：1. 水流过沙滩，发出潺潺声。

独立主格结构详细讲解

独立主格一、独立主格结构的含义和实质“独立主格结构”absolute construction又叫“独立结构”,是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句;由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”;其实,所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立,它还是一种从属分句,与主句紧密联系在一起,共同表达一个完整的意思,通常在句中起状语分句的作用;独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开;二、独立主格结构的基本形式和功能独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词,起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词分句现在分词、过去分词、不定式或无动词分句名词、形容词、副词、介词短语,表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态;基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语,with引导的复合结构;1．名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等;例 The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.注：“独立结构”中的being或 having been 有时可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句;2．名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态;例 The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been,being;如果加上,这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句;3．名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作;例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession游行 to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语;例 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.5．名词/代词+形容词短语形容词短语说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等;例The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of sorry.这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上,就变成了现在分词分句;6．名词/代词+副词副词说明前面名词或代词的状态;例 The meeting over, we all went home.Nobody in, he left a message on the board.He sat at the table, head down.7. 名词/代词+介词短语介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态;例 The teacher came in, a book under his arm.The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand．Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.8． with引导的复合结构, 也可以认为是一种独立主格结构例 A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms.The teacher came in with several students following behind.With a lot of things to deal with, he will have a difficult time.With the work done, he went out to eat.He left the office with the lights on.Mary rushed out of the house with the door open.三、学习独立主格结构应注意的一些问题1．独立主格结构中分句和主句的主语不一致从以上例子我们可以看出,含有独立主格结构的句子,前后主语是不一致的,这也是独立主格结构和非谓语分句作状语的最重要区别;例 1 Hearing the news, he was very excited.2 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.在这两个句子里,第一个句子,前后的主语是一致的,都是he, 也就是说动词hear的动作发出者是主语he , 因此它是一个现在分词短语作状语表示原因的句子；而第二个句子,我们可以发现,有两个主语,第一个是动词come 的逻辑主语winter, 而第二个主语是句子真正的主语it,非谓语动词coming 和it 之间没有任何关系,因此它是一个独立主格结构;2．在独立主格结构中,动词是用现在分词还是过去分词一般来说如果逻辑主语和动词之间是主谓关系,用现在分词;如：Time permitting, we will go out to play.一句中,time 和 permit 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系－－－“时间允许”,因此用现在分词; 如果逻辑主语和动词之间是动宾关系,并且有被动的意思,用过去分词;如：“More time given,we should have done it better. ”一句中,time 和give 之间的关系是动宾关系,有被动的意思---“如果被给更多时间”,因此用过去分词;3．独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句独立主格结构不是一个句子,而是相当于一个状语从句,可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随情况等;例 Work done, John went home.相当于一个表示时间的状语从句：When the work has been done, John went home.例There being no buses, we had to walk home.相当于一个表示原因的状语从句：Because there are no buses, we had to walk home.4．完成时态的运用在独立主格结构中如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动作时间之前,常用现在分词的完成时态having done, 根据情况确定是用主动还是被动;例The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.His wallet having been stolen, he didn’t know what to do next.非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语;但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,我们称之为独立主格结构Absolute Construction;其实,所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立,它还是一种从属的结构;一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系;Such an able man to help you,you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的;such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事;seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he,注意是“主格”= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙,他只好步行去学校;lost 的逻辑主语是the key,lost 也可以用完成式having been lost= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A．不定式“独立主格结构”在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系;这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达;1．动词不定式用主动的形式在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系;His mother to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜;= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.——will you go to the comcert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗——sorry.So many exerise-books to check,I rially can't afford any time.对不起,有这多的作业要批,我真的抽不出时间;＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really can't afford any time.The four of us agreed on a division of labour,each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一;＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树,花和草后,我们新建的学校将看上去更美;=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.B．-ing形式“独立主格结构”动词的-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致;Being ill, he went home.由于生病,他回家了;= As he was very ill, he went home.Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.在课桌旁坐好后,他开始看杂志;= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.1．表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.每个人都准备好后,老师开始上课;相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone wasreadyThe chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.每个人坐好后,主席开始开会;相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was seated2．表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路,我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞;相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the wayMany eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. 许多眼睛看着他,他感到有点儿紧张;相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him必背：含有being的独立主格结构;It being National Day today,the streets are very crowded. 今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤;= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 没有别的事可讨论,我们都回家了;= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.3．表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.时间允许的话,我们下星期将进行一次野炊;相当于一个条件状语从句If timepermitsMy health allowing, I will work far into the night.我的健康许可的话,我愿工作到深夜;相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows 4．表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡;相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chestThe boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.男孩躺在草地上,眼睛看着天空;相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the skyC．-ed形式“独立主格结构”与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样,如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话,就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构;The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.该书是用简单英语写的,英语初学者也能看懂;= As the book was written in simple English,English beginners were able to read it.The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了;= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板;= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard. The task completed,he had two months' leave.任务完成以后,他休了两个月的假;=When the task had been completed,he had two months' leave.比较：动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生,动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束,动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行;The manager looks worried,many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理;事情还没有处理,而且是由经理本人来处理,用不定式to settleThe manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了, 经理看上去很轻松;事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭,一边看电视;两个动作同时进行The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 饭做好了,小孩去睡了;两个动作有先后,饭已做好,小孩才去睡觉的一、动词独立主格结构“逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式;在这种结构中,being往往可以被省去,这种省去being的结构,称之为无动词“独立主格结构”;A．逻辑主语+名词Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛,年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩;the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being注意：独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略,一是在“There being + 名词”结构中,二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下;There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家;It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日,所有办公室都关门; B．逻辑主语+形容词He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.他睡眼惺忪地转向= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.He stood there, his mouth wide open.他站在那里,嘴张得大大的;his mouth和wide open之间省去了being= He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.C．逻辑主语+副词School over, we all went home.放学了,我们都回家了;school和over之间省去了being= School was over, and we all went home.He sat at his desk, his shoes off.他坐在课桌旁,没穿鞋子;his shoes和off之间省去了being= He sat at his desk and his shoes were off.D．逻辑主语+介词短语He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.他站在黑板面前,背对着我们;= He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.The new teacher came in, a smile on her face.新老师面带微笑走了进来;= The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.The teacher came into the classroom,a rule in his hand.老师走进教室,手里拿着一把直尺;= The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand.提示：在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里,如果名词用单数,可以不用冠词,同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略;The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.音乐老师站在门口,手里拿着一把小提琴;= The music teacher stood at the door, a violin in his hand.二、 withwithout 引导的独立主格结构介词withwithout +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构,上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现;A． with+名词代词+形容词He doesn誸 like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉;= He doesn誸 like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中,衣服湿透了;= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意：在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中,也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式;With his son so disappointing,the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐;With his father well-known, the boy didn誸 want to study.父亲如此出名,儿子不想读书;B． with+名词代词+副词Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的灯都打开时,我们的学校看上去更美;= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前,小孩在后走着;= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.C． with+名词代词+介词短语He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑;= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.文森特坐在课桌前,嘴里衔着一支笔;= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.D． with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作业做好了,彼得出去玩了;= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.信号发出了,火车开始起动了;= After the signal was given, the train started.I wouldn誸 dare go home without the job finished.工作还没完成,我不敢回家;= I wouldn誸 dare go home because the job was not finished.E． with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有这么多的孩子坐在他周围,那男子感到很高兴;= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起来,没有人知道它在哪里;= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 他趁没人注意的时候,从窗口溜走了;= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.F． with+名词代词+动词不定式The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.有这么多的家庭作业要做,小男孩看上去很不开心;= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有这么多的名胜可参观,小孩很激动;The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.提示：在withwithout 的复合结构中,多数情况下with 能省略,但without 不能省略;Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她没再说什么话就离开了会议室;without不能省略四、独立主格结构的句法功能独立主格结构在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外,还能作定语;在形式上,“独立主格结构”可位于句首、句中或句尾,并通常用逗号与主句隔开;A．作状语独立主格结构作状语,其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句;1．表示时间Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. 夜幕降临,我们在一家小旅馆住了下来;= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.All the guests seated, they began their dinner.所有的客人就坐后,他们才开始吃饭;= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.所需要的都买好后,格雷斯打的回家了;After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.2．表示原因With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.有许多难题要解决,新当选的总统日子不好过;= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.由于在半夜没有交通工具了, 他只好步行回家;= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.3．表示条件Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.如果天气允许的话,我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会;= If weather permits,we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.All the work done, you can have a rest.所有工作做好后,你可以休息;=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.Everything 提示：表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首,并且不能保留连词;误When class being over, the students left their classroom.正Class being over, the students left their classroom. 下课了,学生都离开了教室;误The moon appearing and they continued their way.正The moon appearing, they continued their way. 月亮出来了,他们继续赶路;4．表示伴随情况或补充说明The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.那个奇怪的男人在街上走着,手里拿着根手杖;= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.杀人犯被带了进来,手被捆在背后;=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.有两百人在事故中丧生,其中许多是儿童;Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.B．作定语独立主格结构作定语,其功能相当于一个定语从句;He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. with 的复合结构作定语,修饰the student他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人;= He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled.You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off. with 的复合结构作定语,修饰bottle你可以使用一个颈被砍掉的大塑料瓶;= You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off.He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上; without的复合结构作定语,修饰the road= He was walking along the road that didn’t have any street lights on its both sides.提示：不是所有用连词的地方都可以改为独立主格结构;If you stand on the top of the mountain,the park looks more beautiful.如果你站在山顶上, 公园看上去更美;不要改为独立主格结构If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided.。

独立主格结构讲义-2024届高三英语一轮复习

III独立主格结构在理解了状语简单句后，我们来看一下语法书中的另一个语法点：独立主格结构！那么，在讲独立主格结构之前，我们先来回顾一下上一讲的例句：When little Cucu got home, he gave a yap.当小库库到家的时候，他叫了一声。

Getting home, little Cucu gave a yap.我们知道一般语法书中把这种用法叫做现在分词作时间状语，现在我们也叫它状语简单句。

那么，在此基础上，我们改动一下原来的句子：When little Cucu got home, his mother gave a yap.当小库库到家的时候，他的妈妈叫了一声。

此时，主从句的主语不一致，我们该如何简化呢？其实简化的方式很之前也没什么不同，唯一要注意一点就是保留从句中的主语。

（因为主从句主语不一致，去掉了句子意思就不一样了）When little Cucu got home, his mother gave a yap.当小库库到家的时候，他的妈妈叫了一声。

Little Cucu getting home, his mother gave a yap.这就是当主从句的主语不一致时，复合句的简化！而这就是我们今天要讲的独立主格结构！1、独立主格结构的构成与特点独立主格结构本质上是分词短语作状语，该分词短语由两部分组成，前半部分是名词或者代词主格，后半部分是分词(现在分词doing、过去分词done)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。

前半部分作为结构中的逻辑主语，后半部分作为结构的逻辑谓语。

独立主格结构在句中作状语，多用于书面语。

独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的及状态等。

2、独立主格结构的几种形式a、逻辑主语+形容词Chaos lay in bed, gloomy. 科奥斯躺在床上，情绪低落。

Chaos lay in bed, his face gloomy. 科奥斯躺在床上，面色阴沉。

_独立主格讲解_课件

独立主格结构有三种类型：复习独立主格结构有三种类型： 1. 逻辑主语非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）逻辑主语+非谓语动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词）
非谓语动词独立主格结构
2. 逻辑主语逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短名词、表语名词形容词、副词、
语)
无动词独立主格结构
3. with/without + 复合宾语 [宾语宾语补足语宾语+宾语补足语宾语宾语补足语]
（不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）
（二）无动词独立主格结构
英语中常用的还有一类无动词独立主格结构。英语中常用的还有一类无动词独立主格结构。主要有如下几种情况：主要有如下几种情况： 1. There being +名词（代词） It being + 名词（代词）代词）名词代词） There being nothing else to do, we went home. It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 2.名词主格代词 +形容词名词/ 名词形容词 He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. 他睡眼惺忪地转向我。他睡眼惺忪地转向我。之间省去了being）（his eyes和sleepy之间省去了和之间省去了） The little girl entered the room, her face red with cold. 小女孩走进了房间，她的脸冻红了。小女孩走进了房间，她的脸冻红了。

英语独立主格讲义

独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子，独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。

独立主格之所以不叫独立主语，就是因为该名词或代词与后面的其它部分有逻辑上的句子关系，但无论长短，都不能构成句子，当后面是非谓语动词时，前面与后面能够构成逻辑上的主谓或谓宾关系。

独立主格结构在句中做状语，偶尔作定语，使用时，注意要用逗号与句子的主体部分分隔开来。

独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个在句中做的短语，用于修饰整个句子。

其位置灵活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。

需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

独立主格结构主要有两部分构成：逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。

作为逻辑主语；现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语等作为逻辑谓语。

1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。

名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是逻辑主谓关系。

如：The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。

名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是逻辑动宾关系（逻辑谓宾关系）。

可以理解为被动句结构中删掉了“be”部分。

如：The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。

3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。

名词/主格代词与不定式之间是逻辑主谓关系，多表示将来的行为，表示“企图”“约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。

如：He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。

高考英语读后续写情绪表达高阶九式(05)独立主格结构讲义

一、总论：独立主格结构（Absolute construction），是由“名词或代词+现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语或副词短语”构成的一种独立结构。

在该结构中，名词或代词与其后的部分构成逻辑上的主谓关系，用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。

在句中作状语，表示“时间、条件、原因、伴随，方式或结果”等含义。

其位置比较灵活，放于句首句末均可。

独立主格结构由于其形式灵活、句式高级，如果能在读后续写中运用恰当，可以抓住阅卷老师的眼球，为文章增光添彩。

二、写作素材：1.My weak brother made his way to me,his eyes filled with concern.我虚弱的弟弟向我走来，他的眼睛里充满了担忧。

2.The night falling, they put up a tent and wolfed down a simplified dinner.夜幕降临，他们搭起帐篷，狼吞虎咽地吃了一顿简单的晚餐。

3.Suddenly a low, buzzing sound appearing, Whiston raised his head,glanced around and spotteda helicopter in the distance.突然，一阵低沉的嗡嗡声出现，惠斯顿抬起头，环顾四周，发现远处有架直升机。

4.Blood rushing to his face and heart pounding fiercely, he leapt to his feet and yelled at the top of his voice.鲜血涌上脸，心脏狠狠地跳动着，他猛地站了起来，扯着嗓子大吼道。

5.“Joe, I'm here!" l wound down the window, tears of horror mixed with rain streaming down my face.乔，我来了!”我踉踉跄跄地推开窗户，惊恐的泪水混合着雨水顺着我的脸流下来。

独立主格专题讲解

独立主格（Absolute Construction）“独立结构”（Absolute Construction）又称之为我们平时所说的“独立主格结构”,是带有自己主语的非限定性分句和无谓语动词分句，它在结构上与整个句子的主句不发生关系。

其实，所谓“独立结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句。

“独立结构”与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，但也有用破折号的。

此外，“独立主格”的位置比较灵活，它可以位于句首、句中或句末。

一．构成：主格名词∕代词作逻辑主语分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词作逻辑谓语二．作用：相当于状语或状语从句(表时间、原因、条件、行为方式、伴随等)----常用于书面语。

eg:The meal over,we began to work again.(表时间) =When the meal was over,we……The last bus having gone,we had to walk home.(表原因)=Because the last bus had gone,we…...Weather permitting,we will go picnic tomorrow.(表条件)=If weather permits,we……He put on his socks,wrong side out.三．常见形式：1.n∕pron+-ing分词∕-ed分词(是现在分词还是过去分词，取决于逻辑主语与逻辑谓语之间的主谓还是动宾关系)eg:Night falling,we hurried home.The work done,they went home.All things considered,I think I ought to award the job to Smith.2.n∕pron+不定式eg:So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed.Please finish the first exercise in class,the second to be done after class.3.n∕pron+adj.∕adv.eg:The students were listening to the teacher,their eyes wide open.He pulled on his shirt,wrong side out.4.n∕pron+介词短语eg:The old man sat on the chair,pipe in hand.(with a pipe in his hand)He went out of the room,tears in eyes.(with tears in his eyes)注意：“独立结构”均可以变为由with引导的介词短语，而表示否定意义的“独立结构”则可以转换为由without引导的介词短语。