2012考研冲刺阶段英语阅读理解答题解析
2012考研英语之阅读--考题分析及应对(附题解)
2012考研英语之阅读--考题分析及应对（附题解）很多同学反映考研英语阅读理解题目太刁钻了。
老师为大家讲解一下考研英语阅读理解考题分析及解答技巧。
今天将再次为大家剖析一下考研英语阅读理解的部分考题，并详细介绍一下对应的解答技巧。
英语的提高是个日积月累，厚积薄发的过程，也是逆水行舟、不进则退的过程。
你可以花一个月时间突击政治。
但绝不敢自恃英语基础不错，放松英语的学习。
提高英语成绩的捷径，我认为是多做阅读题：一是阅读理解的分值太高了，决定着考研的成败、考生的命运，无法不重视。
二是阅读理解在巩固词汇，培养语感，提高英语水平方面有不可替代作用。
大家应该都注意到了，考研英语阅读文章的体裁大部分都是说明文和议论文。
而这种体裁的文章，都是逻辑非常严密的文章。
命题专家组不但选文是逻辑性强的，考察重点也是逻辑性较强的。
我们经常遇到的“看懂了文章，却做不对题目”正是由于我们仅仅看懂了文章的字面意思，没有去认真体会文章的逻辑关系。
另外，考研作文长久以来的“三段式”也是直接考察逻辑思维的。
结构一般是这样的：主题（本质）段：拿出主题X的句子＋定义X的句子展开段：正推1＋逻辑证明正推1；正推2＋逻辑证明正推2。
总结段：对主题用辨证逻辑来下结论。
考研阅读一般会在首句给出文章主题A，要养成认出A马上就问自己以上两个问题的习惯。
比如首句是“人是自私的吗？”，那么显然，自私就是A，作者一般会对A做概念解释，然后通过正面证明自己观点和反驳相反观点的一系列逻辑推理来得出结论。
那么，命题专家组就是要考察我们的这种逻辑思维能力。
下面我们实战演练一篇考题来让同学们进一步领会一下：2004年研究生入学考试英语试题Hunting for a job late last year， lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across Career Builder， a job database on the Internet． He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”．[本文的主题词在第二句P．S．A个人搜索工具。
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析8
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析8难句分析：难句1 Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly lowlevel findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.［分析］此句主语是this project，谓语是has turned out to be，findings为宾语，mostly lowlevel是宾语的定语修饰成分，about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes是宾语的补语成分。
combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want是过去分词引导的伴随状语，其中aboutwhat in the world /kcnet1480/ those readers really want是puzzlement的补语。
［译文］遗憾的是，这次新闻机构可信度调查计划结果只获得了一些肤浅的发现，诸如新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误，和这些低层次发现交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。
难句2 There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.［分析］此句的结构主句是一个there加系动词的用法。
2012年考研英语阅读Part A答案及解析
2012年考研英语阅读Part A答案及解析(Text 1第一篇文章出自 2011年3月24日的时代周刊（Times）上的一篇文章有关Herd Mentality的文章，维基百科上关于Herd Mentality的定义是：Herd mentality(从众心态) describes how people are influenced by their peers to adopt certain behaviors, follow trends, and/or purchase items. （从众心态描述的是人们怎样受到同辈人的影响去接受某些行为，追随潮流或购买东西），通俗的讲就是讲述人们的一种从众心态。
/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2061234,00. html21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as 根据第一段，来自同龄人的压力通常会变成为：[A] a supplement to the social cure 对社会治疗的一种补充[B] a stimulus to group dynamics 对团队活力的一种促进[C] an obstacle to school progress 对学校进步的一种阻碍[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors 不良行为的起因正确答案[D]理由：本题属于段落推理题，依据题干关键词peer pressure often emerge as=become回到原文查找到第一段第三句It usually leads to nogood---drinking, drugs and casual sex.（它指代前面的同辈人的压力通常不会导致任何好处，比如喝酒、毒品和乱性），由此可见同辈人的压力通常会给人带来坏处，也就是说带来消极的结果，属于贬义的方向，因此选项[D]中的cause 和原文的lead to, undesirable behaviors属于不好习惯的上义词，但都属于同义替换的命题技巧。
2012考研冲刺阶段英语阅读理解答题解析
2012考研冲刺阶段英语阅读理解答题解析D幼儿园教研活动记录表时间2007年11月14日第十一周星期三下午地点教研内容如何提高家长工作的实效性？教师办公室主持人业务园长：黄柳宣应参加学习人员全体教师教研过程记录一、主持人：《幼儿园教育指导纲要（试行）》指出：“家庭是幼儿园重要的合作伙伴，应本着尊重、平等、合作的原则，争取家长的理解、支持和主动参与，并积极支持、帮助家长提高教育能力。
”家园共育是幼儿健康成长的基础，是幼儿园工作的重要环节，孩子能够茁壮成长，也是老师和家长的共同心愿。
尽管如此，由于教师和家长之间教育观念、思考角度不同，常常会引发一些矛盾和冲突，作为领导，我们不乏接到家长对幼儿园工作的投诉，老师们也不希望有家长对你们的工作进行投诉。
如何解决家长的批评和抱怨，可以说是一门艺术。
家长工作做好了，我们能取得事半功倍的效果。
家长对我们工作支持和理解了，就会为我们做好的、正面的宣传，换句话说，幼儿园的社会效益和经济效益才会有所提高。
在实际工作中，老师们不乏有好的经验，也有些老师也许存在着困惑，今天我们请大家结合工作实际，就“如何提高家长工作的实效性？”这一问题，谈谈自己的一些想法与做法。
二、教师们交流、探讨吴老师：配班的赖老师虽然是到我园参加工作不到半年的新老师，但是能利用家长早晚接送的时间，主动、积极、大胆地与家长交流，比较细致的反映幼儿在园的表现，得到家长的称赞。
何老师：与家长交流时说话不能太直接，要有艺术性，婉转地把孩子的不足以家长接受的方式转告家长，先说好的地方，再说不足之处。
主持人：也就是说在跟家长沟通和交流时我们要把握“度”，既要把家长当作朋友、合作伙伴，又不能太随意，注意交流时的语言是以给家长建设性的意见方式提出，切忌因为觉得与家长很熟而说话太过随意引起家长误会或者不快。
涂老师：一日活动中每个孩子的表现都不一样，即使是同一个孩子的表现也会有所不同，当孩子表现特别不一致或者有时一而再、再而三的出现类似错误时，老师有时会采取一些诸如“暂时隔离”或者严厉批评的方式进行教育，当家长来接孩子的时候，老师应该争取主动，以积极主动的态度先与家长沟通交流，以免孩子回去向家长诉说时引起不必要的误会。
2012年考研英语二阅读解析
2012年考研英语二阅读解析In 2012, the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination English II Reading Comprehension test was widely discussed. In my opinion, a good reading comprehension requires a comprehensive understanding of the text, as well as theability to analyze and interpret the information presented.First and foremost, a strong reading comprehensionentails a solid grasp of the main ideas and supportingdetails of the passage. This involves carefully reading and re-reading the text to ensure a clear comprehension of the author's message. Additionally, it requires the ability to identify key points and distinguish between main ideas and minor details.Furthermore, effective reading comprehension also involves the skill of inference and analysis. Readers must be able to draw conclusions and make connections betweendifferent parts of the text. This requires critical thinking and the ability to analyze the underlying meaning of the passage.Moreover, a high-quality reading comprehension also includes the ability to interpret information. This means understanding the author's purpose, tone, and perspective, and being able to discern the implicit or hidden meanings within the text.Overall, a good reading comprehension in the 2012 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination English II test required a combination of strong reading skills, critical thinking, and analytical abilities. These skills are essential for success in academic and professional settings, and are important for anyone seeking to understand and communicate effectively in the English language.。
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析7
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析7Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long selfanalysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly lowlevel findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates （patterns）into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a readymade narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the /kcnet1480/ “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middlesize cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.59．What is the passage mainly about?［A］needs of the readers all over the world［B］causes of the public disappointment about newspapers［C］origins of the declining newspaper industry［D］aims of a journalism credibility project60．The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be .［A］quite trustworthy［B］somewhat contradictory［C］very illuminating［D］rather superficial61．The basic problem /kcnet1480/ of journalists as pointedout by the writer lies in their .［A］working attitude［B］conventional lifestyle［C］world outlook［D］educational background62．Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its .［A］failure to realize its real problem［B］tendency to hire annoying reporters［C］likeliness to do inaccurate reporting［D］prejudice in matters of race and gender核心词汇：astonish ［E5stCniF］vt.使惊讶，使吃惊backbone［5bAkbEun］n.脊椎, 中枢, 骨干, 支柱, 意志力, 勇气, 毅力, 决心,主干(back+bone)bias［5baiEs］n./v.（使有）偏见,偏心,偏袒（bi 二+as 名词后缀→有两种观点→偏见contradictory［7kCntrE5diktEri］a.矛盾的，对立的（contradict反驳+ory形容词后缀）conventional［kEn5venFEnEl］a.惯例的,常规的（convention+al）newsroom（编辑室；阅览室）←news+room。
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析法律类GOING BACK AND GETTING IT RIGHTBy almost every measure, Paul Pfingst is an unsentimental prosecutor. Last week the San Diego County district attorney said he fully intends to try suspect Charles Andrew Williams, 15, as an adult for the Santana High School shootings. Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults.So nobody would have wagered that Pfingst would also be the first D.A. in the U.S. to launch his very own Innocence Project. Yet last June, Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools. In other words, he wanted to revisit past victories--this time playing for the other team. "I think people misunderstand being conservative for being biased," says Pfingst. "I consider myself a pragmatic guy, and I have no interest in putting innocent people in jail."Around the U.S., flabbergasted defense attorneys and their jailed clients cheered his move. Among prosecutors, however, there was an awkward pause. After all, each DNA test costs as much as $5,000. Then there's the unspoken risk: if dozens of innocents turn up, the D.A. will have indicted his shop.But nine months later, no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted. Only the rare case merits review. Pfingst's team considers convictions before 1993, when the city started routine DNA testing. They discard cases if the defendant has been released. Of the 560 remaining files, they have re-examined 200, looking for cases with biological evidence and defendants who still claim innocence.They have identified three so far. The most compelling involves a man serving 12 years for molesting a girl who was playing in his apartment. But others were there at the time. Police found a small drop of saliva on the victim's shirt--too small a sample to test in 1991. Today that spot could free a man. Test results are due any day. Inspired by San Diego, 10 other counties in the U.S. are starting DNA audits.By Amanda Ripley ez ncisco sijevic rtwell; Lisa McLaughlin; Joseph Pierro; Josh Tyrangiel and Sora Song注 (1)本文选自Time; 03/19/2001, Vol. 157 Issue 11, p62, 1p, 2c, 3bw注 (2)本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 1.1.How did Pfingst carry out his own Innocence Project?[A]By getting rid of his bias against the suspects.[B]By revisiting the past victories.[C]By using the newly developed DNA-testing tools.[D]By his cooperation with his attorneys.2.Which of the following can be an advantage of Innocence Project?[A]To help correct the wrong judgments.[B]To oust the unqualified prosecutors.[C]To make the prosecutors in an awkward situation.[D]To cheer up the defense attorneys and their jailed clients.3.The expression “flabbergasted”(Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _______.[A]excited[B]competent[C]embarrassed[D]astounded4.Why was Pfingst an unsentimental prosecutor?[A]He intended to try a fifteen-year old suspect.[B]He had no interest in putting the innocent in jail.[C]He supported the controversial California law.[D]He wanted to try suspect as young as fourteen.5.Which of the following is not true according to the text?[A]Pfingst’s move didn’t have a great coverage.[B] Pfingst’s move had both the positive and negative effect.[C] Pfingst’s move didn’t work well.[D]Pfingst’s move greatly encouraged the jailed prisoners.篇章剖析本文采用的是记叙文的模式。
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析3
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析32012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析3Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clearcut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word‘amateur’ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community， and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, imp /doc/d2*******.html,/kcnet1480/ lied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, localstudies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned /doc/d2*******.html,/kcnet1480/ as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as .［A］ sociology and chemistry［B］ physics and psychology［C］ sociology and psychology［D］ physics and chemistry52. We can infer from the passage that .［A］there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalisation［B］amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science［C］professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community［D］amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate .［A］ the process of specialization and professionalisation［B］ the hardship of amateurs in scientific study［C］ the change of policies in scientific publications［D］ the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54. The direct reason for specialization is .［A］ the development in communication［B］ the growth of professionalisation［C］ the expansion of scientific knowledge［D］ the splitting up of academic societies核心词汇：academic［9A kE5demik］a.学院的；学术性的；（academ古希腊哲学家柏拉图及其弟子研究学问的地方+ic形容词后缀→学术的）accumulate［E5kju:mjuleit］vt.堆积，积累，积聚vi.累积，聚积（ac+cumul堆积+ate→堆积起来→积累）;accumulation（n.积累，堆积）即accumulate+tionamateur［5AmEtE:］a./n.业余（水平）的（运动员、艺术家等）（amat+eur人→热爱的人→业余爱好者）comparison［kEm5pArisn］n.比较,对比,比喻,比拟（compar+ison名词后缀）connotation［9cCnEu5teiFEn］n.含蓄,含义(con+not（e）+ation)，con前缀“一起”，note记录，ation名词后缀，所有东西都被一起记录在其中→含义constitute［5kCnstitju:t］vt.组成，构成，形成；设立，建立，任命（con 一起+stitute→放到一起→构成）crucial［5kru:FiEl, 5kru:FEl］a.至关重要的,决定性的definition［9defi5niFEn］n.定义,解释;（轮廓影像等的）清晰度;阐明（defin +ition名词后缀→定义）delay［di5lei］v.耽搁; 延误;推迟; 延期(de不+lay放置→未及时放置好→耽搁)demonstrate［5demEnstreit］v.论证,证实;演示,说明（de加强+monster+ate动词→加强显示→证明）distinction［dis5tiNkFEn］n.区别,差别;级别;特性;声望;显赫（distinct+ion名词后缀）emphasis［5emfEsis］n.加强语气; 强调;（赋予某事物）特殊的意义、价值或重要性(em加强语气+phas显示+is名词后缀→加强显示→强调)integrate［5intigreit］v.（使）成为一体,（使）结合在一起(integ完整+ate动词后缀→使结合)journal［5dVE:nl］n.定期刊物,杂志,日报;日志,日记(journ日期+al形容词后缀→日期，杂志)logical［5lCdVikEl］a.逻辑的,符合逻辑的(log说话+ic名词后缀→说话的学问+al形容词后缀→合乎逻辑的)overall［5EuvErC:l］a.全面的,综合的n.（pl.）（套头）工作服participate［pa:5tisipeit］v.参加, 参与(parti部分，分开+cip进入+ate动词后缀→进入一部分→参加);participation（n.参加；分享）即Parti+cip+ationprimacy［5praimEsi］n.第一或首先的状态; 首席的职责, 重要性(prim第一，主要的+acy名词后缀→重要性)professional［prE5feFEnl］a.职业的,专门的n.自由职业者,专业人士（profession+al形容词后缀）;professionalisation（n.职业化）即professional+is（e）+ationpsychology［sai5kClEdVi］n.心理,心理学,心理状态（psycho 心理+logy名词后缀表示科学，学问→心理学）publication［pQbli5keiFEn］n.出版物;出版,发行;公布,发表（public公众的+ation名词后缀）reckon［5rekEn］vi.计算,总计,估计（up）;猜想;依赖;认为把……看作；视为(reck注意+on表状态或动作的动词后缀→指望) referee［refE5ri:］n.裁判员（refer+ee表示人→被提出的人→裁判）reflect［ri5flekt］v.反射;表达；反映;仔细考虑(re反+flect弯曲返回→反射)represent［repri5zent］v.描述,表示;代表,代理;阐明,说明（re+present）response［ris5pCns］n.回答,响应,反应（re回+spons+e名词后缀→承诺回应→回答）reveal［ri5vi:l］v.展现,显示,揭示,揭露,告诉,泄露（re反+veal→反盖上→不让盖上→揭露）separate［5sepEreit9 5sepErit］a.分离的,分开的（se分开+par 安排+ate动词和形容词后缀→分离）split［split］v.裂开,劈开;分裂,分离n.分化,分裂,裂口。
2012考研冲刺阶段英语阅读理解答题解析
2012考研冲刺阶段英语阅读理解答题解析
一、英语阅读分析
1) 英语阅读历年分数统计
英语阅读总计4篇文章，每篇文章约400个单词，文后设置5个问题，每个问题分值为2分，共计20道题40分，据不完全统计历年平均得分17~23分
2) 英语阅读解题时间规划
建议考生每篇文章的解题时间控制在为13~18分钟以内，建议阅读速度为45~55字/分钟。
3) 英语阅读文章难度
英语阅读主要体现在“熟词生义”现象;经常出现比较复杂的语法现象;题目选项迷惑性比较大，在这里建议12考研考生要多采用排除法选出相对最佳答案。
二、英语阅读答题方法
1) 根据上下文推测生词的词义
2) 根据文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系进行分析
3) 理解主旨要义进行有关的判断、推理和引申
三、英语阅读浓缩精华
按照10年分割线来看，专家汇总出18篇最典型、最能反映出题者命题思路和覆盖所有基础词汇、高频核心词汇和常用超纲词等“热词”。
四、易浑浊热词
vary v. ①([主语]一组类似的事物)相异，不同
When it comes to success, people’s views may vary considerably in understanding.
(引起话题套句)
②[主语]变化，改变 The temperatures vary between -10℃
and 34℃ with the season.
③(稍做)改变 [宾语] ~the opening hours。
2012考研英语：阅读理解冲刺解读
最近几年的考题中的阅读理解，在出题来源、选材内容和出题类型上都保持着很强的稳定性，首先，英语阅读文章的内容在选材上以社会科学为主，包括一些科技类或者自然类的文章，并且十分聚焦于当时的社会热点。
其次，英美报刊学术性的文章一直是近年来考研阅读理解文章优先选择的对象，如《经济学人》或者《时代周刊》等，因此考生平时可以多关注这些外刊，这样不仅能够扩充知识面、熟悉英文文章的写作环境，而且能够对文章的内容和背景有一定的了解，在平时阅读和练习的过程中，考生要重视这些学术性文章的写作特色，体会这类文章的写作方式和词汇特色，从而弄清楚文章中作者的态度和观点。
最后，由于这些文章是西方人写作，那么所谓的欧美思维就会得到比较明显的体现，他们的思路一般是习惯使用"他人的观点"来引出并阐述自己的观点，因此在考研阅读文章中出现了大量的专家学者的观点，这就要求考生一定要读懂不同人的观点，区分不同人对同一事物的态度。
而这些文章在内容上主要包括经济、生活、创新、梦想、自然、科技等方面，总体来说，欧美思维偏向于开放张扬的性格和不懈努力的精神，因此这些文章中乐观的情绪比较多，对于教育等问题，他们可能会有些批判的意见，考生可以对此做一定的了解和分析，在考场中予以关注。
2012考研真题英语阅读text1解析
TEXT 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing（强制）, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure（同伴的压力）. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual（随意的）sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contend sthat peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure（社会治疗）, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.Rosenberg, the recipient（接受者;受领者;接受器,容器[(+of)]）of a Pulitzer Prize（普利策奖）, offers a host（许多，主人）of 【a host of:表许多（+名词单数）】example of the social cure in action（在行动）: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored（赞助的，发起的）antismoking （禁止吸烟）program called Rage（愤怒【fly into a rage：勃然大怒】）Against the Haze（n.&v.阴霾，疑惑；使朦胧，使糊涂）sets out to make cigarettes uncool（粗野的，没把握的，不冷静沉着的，土里土气的）. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention（[pri'venʃən]）initiative（主动权，首创精神）known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising（有希望的，有前途的），and Rosenberg is a perceptive（感知的，有知觉力的）observer. Her critique（[krɪ'tik] 批评，评论，评论文章）of the lameness （残废，跛【lame而易见的？？）: they fail to mobilize（pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of告牌）campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page（学习，模仿）from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness（一般的有效性）of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring（1. 耀眼的;闪耀的2. 瞪视的;炯炯的）flaw（【the most glaring flaw:最明显的缺点】）of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior【exert…on：运用…在…上】. An emerging((用作定语)新兴的) body(【新兴体】) of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain（不确定的）, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats（['bjurə,kræt] 官僚，官僚主义者）can select our peer groups and steer （1. 掌(船)舵,驾驶[O]2. 指导;带领;操纵[O]3. 沿着...前进,遵循）their activities in virtuous（['vɝtʃuəs] 1. 有道德的;善良的;正直的2. 贞洁的）directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up（崩溃;分离;解散;结业）the troublemakers in the back row（在后排）by pairing （(演出、比赛等的)双人,双档;配档）them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic（战术;策略;手法）never really works. And that’sthe problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.。
2012考研英语阅读真题带解析
2012考研英语一阅读题考研英语一阅读题Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 Come on –Everybody ’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is is what what what most most most of of of us us us think think think of of of when when when we we we hear hear hear the the the words words words peer peer peer pressure. pressure. pressure. It It It usually usually leads leads to to to no no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that that peer peer peer pressure can pressure can also also be be be a a a positive positive positive force force force through through through what what what she she she calls calls calls the social the social cure, cure, in which in which organizations organizations and and and officials officials officials use use use the the the power power power of of of group group group dynamics dynamics dynamics to to to help help help individuals individuals individuals improve improve improve their their lives and possibly the word. Rosenberg, Rosenberg, the the the recipient recipient recipient of of of a a a Pulitzer Pulitzer Pulitzer Prize, Prize, Prize, offers offers offers a a a host host host of of of example example example of of of the social the social cure cure in in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Rage Against the Haze Against the Haze sets sets out out out to to to make make make cigarettes cigarettes cigarettes uncool. uncool. uncool. In In In South South South Africa, Africa, Africa, an an an HIV-prevention HIV-prevention initiative initiative known known known as as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. The The idea idea idea seems seems seems promising promising ，and and Rosenberg Rosenberg Rosenberg is is is a a a perceptive perceptive perceptive observer. observer. observer. Her Her Her critique critique critique of of of the the lameness lameness of of of many many many pubic-health pubic-health pubic-health campaigns campaigns campaigns is is is spot-on: spot-on: spot-on: they they they fail fail fail to to to mobilize mobilize mobilize peer peer peer pressure pressure pressure for for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psycho logy.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. But But on on on the the the general general general effectiveness effectiveness effectiveness of of of the the the social social social cure, cure, cure, Rosenberg Rosenberg Rosenberg is is is less less less persuasive. Join persuasive. Join the Club Club is is is filled filled filled with with with too too too much much much irrelevant irrelevant irrelevant detail detail detail and and and not not not enough enough enough exploration exploration exploration of of of the the the social social social and and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once once state state state funding funding funding was was was cut. cut. cut. Evidence Evidence Evidence that that that the the the LoveLife LoveLife LoveLife program program program produces produces produces lasting lasting lasting changes changes changes is is limited and mixed. There ’s s no no no doubt doubt doubt that that that our our our peer peer peer groups groups groups exert exert exert enormous enormous enormous influence influence influence on on on our our our behavior. behavior. behavior. An An emerging emerging body body body of of of research research research shows shows shows that that that positive positive positive health health health habits-as habits-as habits-as well well well as as as negative negative negative ones-spread ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. Far Far less certain, less certain, however, however, is is is how how how successfully successfully successfully experts experts experts and and and bureaucrats can bureaucrats can select select our our our peer peer groups groups and steer and steer their their activities activities activities in in in virtuous virtuous virtuous directions. It directions. It ’s s like like like the the the teacher teacher teacher who who who breaks breaks breaks up up up the the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends. 21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as 根据第一段，同龄人的压力通常以什么样的状态出现：根据第一段，同龄人的压力通常以什么样的状态出现：[A] a supplement to the social cure 对于社会治疗的补充对于社会治疗的补充[B] a stimulus to group dynamics 对于团队活力的刺激对于团队活力的刺激[C] an obstacle to school progress 学校进步的阻碍学校进步的阻碍[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors 一些不良行为的原因一些不良行为的原因 解析：这是一个细节题：对应文中It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex.题干中的often 对应原文中的usually;选项中undesirable behaviors 对应no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. lead 对于对于cause.完美替换，四级难度，出题人很仁慈。
2012年考研英语冲刺试卷答案及解析
2012年考研英语冲刺试卷答案及解析Section I Use of English答案详解1.[C] though前文提到我们无法记住所有时刻和事情，结合空格前的good news可判断，空格处所缺词语需要体现前后两句的让步或者转折关系，[C]though“不过”，副词，用在两句之间或者句末，此处表示转折，符合文意，是正确选项。
[A]although“尽管”连词，只能用在句首，[B]rather“相反”用于对前后所叙述情况的对比，此处逻辑上不通，[D]therefore“因此”，表示结果，逻辑上也不通，故都排除。
2.[D] unavailable原句已给信息是：“好消息是，尽管这样的一些时刻目前看来是 .他们其实并未从你的脑海里完全消失。
”[D]unavailable “无法获取的”，代入原句，句意通顺，是正确选项。
[A]forgetful “健忘的” 通常修饰人, [B]absent “缺席的，不在的”和[C]faultless“完美的，没有错误的”，代入原句后句意不符，故都排除。
3.[A] retrieved根据原句所给信息可判断，空格处所需词汇应与前句提到的gone表示相对的含义，[A] retrieved “取回，索回”，符合文意，是正确选项。
[B]recognized “认出，辨别出”，不符合此处语境，[C]claimed“要求，索取，认领”，强调索取人或者认领人认为自己有权获得某物，句意不合，[D]accumulated“积累”，句意也不符，故都排除。
4.[C] ran根据原句已给信息，空格处词汇应是表达“穿过，通过”的意思，[C]ran“快速移动”，这里是及物动词的用法，run sb.through 表示“使某人向…快速移动”，指类似CT扫描时的操作模式，符合文意，是正确选项。
[A]let “使”，let sb. through表示“使人通过”，强调不予阻挡，予以放行，不符合文意，[B]put可用于put sb.through sth.短语，表示“使某人经历某事”，通常是磨砺或者痛苦，不符合文意，[D]got可用于got sb.through sth.短语，一般表示“使某人顺利通过（考试）”，不符合文意，故都排除。
2012研究生考试英语真题及参考答案（解析）
Section I Use of English 1.【答案】B 【解析】从空后的句⼦“他们解放的⼈们”可以看出，空前的句⼦表⽰的应该是参加了第⼆次⼤战的男⼈和⼥⼈。
只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。
其他都不符合题意。
2.【答案】B 【解析】空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后⾯的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这⾥应该是说由普通⼈平凡⼈(common man)成长为英雄，所以选B。
3.【答案】A 【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，承担战争带来的负担，应该⽤动词bear或shoulder，所以这⾥选A，bore。
4.【答案】A 【解析】necessities表⽰“⽣活必需品”，空外信息food和shelter(⾷物和住宿)这些就是维持⽣存最起码的条件。
Facilities 是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符合题意。
5.【答案】C 【解析】not…but，“不是，⽽是”表转折，不是⾃愿兵，也没有⾼的报酬，⽽是⼀个普通⼈。
所以选C。
6.【答案】D 【解析】这道题主要考查介词的搭配。
根据up______(the best trained, bestequipped, fiercest, most brutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌⼈，所以选D选项against。
7.【答案】C 【解析】GI。
在军事上是Government Issue 的缩略语，所以，GL。
这个符号就是象征着这个全称Government Issue。
选C。
8.【答案】A 【解析】该句意思为，GI。
这个符号出现在给⼠兵分发的所有物品上，hand out “分发，发放”符合题意。
Turn over “移交”，bring back“带回”，pass down“传承，⼀代⼀代传下来”在句意上都说不通。
9.【答案】C 【解析】空所在句⼦的语境为：Joe是个普通名词，⼀个从未爬到社会顶层的⼈的名字。
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析6
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析6难句分析：难句1 As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to /kcnet1480/ universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.［分析］此句主干是“...It is in the interest of business to do sth....”，句中前面as 引导的是伴随状语，而非原因状语，要理解为“随着”，而非“因为”。
破折号后面的部分是进一步解释说明前面的主句。
［译文］随着互联网的日趋商业化，上网普及对商家是有利的——毕竟，上网人数越多，未来的客户就越多。
难句2 To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anticolonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.［分析］此句主干是“...some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anticolonial prejudices...”。
前面的不定式可以被看成是一个目的状语。
［译文］要想利用因特网，某些贫困国家必须克服对国外投资所持的过时了的反殖民的种种偏见。
难句3 The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be.［分析］此句用了the more... the more...的句型。
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2012考研冲刺阶段英语阅读理解答题解析距离2012年研究生英语考试还有两个多月的时间，为帮助考生在这段时间内高效备考考研英语阅读理解部分，笔者在本文中与考生探讨一下冲刺阶段的阅读理解备考思路。
广义上讲，考研英语阅读理解包括A、B、C三个部分。
A部分指的是传统阅读理解题。
B部分的题型相对灵活，主要包括三种题型：7选5 (即特殊的完型填空题)、5选5 (即排序题)和6选5 (即段落标题选择题)。
C部分指的是英译汉题目。
狭义上讲，阅读理解指的就是A部分，主要考查考生理解文章主旨和细节信息，进行有关判断、推理和引申，以及根据上下文推测生词词义等能力。
本文笔者将着重分析阅读理解A部分的备考思路。
攻克词汇词汇是考研英语阅读理解备考的基础，也是重中之重。
在备考初期，考生往往都是按照《考研英语大纲》的要求，将大纲中所包含的词汇各个击破。
但在冲刺阶段，考生不宜再从头至尾地背诵大纲上的词汇，而是应该将词汇分门别类，依据其重要程度有所侧重地进行复习。
具体来说，考生在冲刺阶段需要复习的词汇大致包括如下四类。
1. 熟词熟义对于这类词汇，考生在冲刺阶段不宜花费太多时间，只需在复习时快速浏览、加深印象即可。
2. 熟词僻义这类词汇是考研英语阅读理解题目中的难点，因而也是考查重点。
与英语四、六级考试注重考查词汇的广度不同，考研英语更注重考查词汇的深度，因而考生备考时要注意总结常见词汇的生僻含义。
下面我们来看一个例句。
例1：Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method。
patents, which have been controversial ever since theywere first authorized 10 years ago. (摘自2010年考研英语阅读理解真题第二篇第二段)这句话的理解难点在于scale back这一词组。
这个词组中的两个单词都是“熟词”，但这一搭配方式并不常见，因此难住了不少考生。
其实，scale back在这里表示“削减(大小、数量)”之意。
这句话的意思为：现在该国(美国)的最高专利法庭似乎已经做好了充分准备，要大幅削减商业方法专利的数量，这一专利自十年前首次被批准以来就一直备受争议。
通过与考生们交流，笔者发现一个问题：考生平时在做阅读理解题时，经常犯“望文生义”的错误，当根据词汇的常见含义无法理解原文意思时，很多考生总是牵强附会地予以解释，而没有深究词汇的其他生僻含义。
这一做法万万要不得。
考生应在做完题目、对完答案后，再认真分析阅读理解原文中每一句话的意思，对于无法理解的词汇或句子，要多查词典，仔细研究参考译文，直到完全理解原文中的每一个词汇和句子为止。
最为重要的是，考生要将每次做题后总结的熟词僻义做好笔记，反复记忆，做到烂熟于心。
与此同时，考生还要注意归纳和记忆《考研英语大纲》中出现的熟词僻义。
此外，除了掌握熟词本身的生僻含义外，考生还要关注由熟词构成的陌生的固定搭配的用法。
3. 核心词这类词汇是考研英语阅读理解中出现频率最高的词汇，也是备考的重中之重。
这类词通常意义较多，搭配形式灵活，出现的频率也较高。
对于这类词汇，考生应时常进行归纳和总结，做好笔记，每天安排特定的时间进行重复记忆。
复习时，考生不但要关注词汇的多层含义，还要掌握其固定搭配以及同义词、近义词等的用法。
4. 生词对于不同水平的考生来说，生词的范畴肯定不同。
概括来说，生词主要包括两类：①在平时做阅读理解题目时遇到的不认识的词；②《考研英语大纲》上不认识的词。
对于第一类生词，考生应在每次做完题后对其进行归纳，做好笔记，然后根据词汇是否为大纲上要求掌握的词汇进行区别对待。
对于大纲词汇，考生需要牢记它们的常见含义、生僻含义及其固定搭配的用法。
对于非大纲词汇，考生需要仔细查词典，记住它们的常见含义，不要求能够默写这些词汇，但要做到遇到后知其含义。
对于第二类生词，考生要严格按照大纲的要求，重复记忆这些词汇，熟练掌握它们的常见含义、生僻含义及其固定搭配的用法。
利用好真题在冲刺阶段，笔者建议考生利用真题来进行模拟考试，严格按照考研英语时间的规定，模拟真实的考场状态做考研英语真题。
需要特别指出的是，在模拟考试结束后，考生不应该觉得做完题、对完答案就完成了任务，而是应该对题目及做题结果进行分析和总结。
就阅读理解部分来说，考生不仅要掌握文章和题目中出现的生词、熟词僻义以及核心词的用法，还要对文章的题材类别和探讨的主题进行归纳和总结。
只有这样，真题的价值才能得到最大程度的体现。
具体来说，考研英语阅读理解文章的题材通常可以分为四大类：经济商务类、教育文化类、科普类、社会生活类。
每一类文章所探讨的主题和使用的词汇都有很大差别，这些都是考生做完题目后应该总结的内容。
通过总结，考生不仅能熟悉不同类型文章的行文思路及其探讨的常见话题，积累相关背景知识，还能多掌握不同领域的专业词汇，为提高阅读速度和做题准确率打好基础。
我们一起来看两个例句。
例2：Justas bosses and boards have finally sortedout their worst accounting and compliance troubles, andimproved their feeble corporation governance, a newproblem threatens to earn them—especially in America—the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to headsrolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. (摘自2007年考研英语阅读理解真题第四篇第一段)这篇文章属于经济类题材，选自2005年《经济学人》(The Economists)上的一篇文章，原文的题目为“The Leaky Corporation”。
这篇文章中出现了不少与经济相关的词汇，例如accounting (财务)、executive suite(管理层)、corporation governance (公司治理)等。
考生只有平时注意多总结和积累这些专业词汇，才能更好地理解这句话的含义。
这句话的大意为：当老板和董事会终于解决了最糟糕的财务和合规问题，并加强了公司治理力度之后，一个新的问题——数据安全问题——对他们构成威胁(尤其在美国的)，有可能使他们出现在令人讨厌的头版头条新闻中，而这会使公司管理层不可避免地受到惩罚。
例3：Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but theindependence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised.And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attractbuyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. (摘自2010年考研英语阅读理解真题第四篇第一段)这也是一篇典型的经济类文章，选自2009年《经济学人》上的一篇文章，原文的题目为“Messenger,Shot”。
这篇文章理解起来难度较大，主要是因为其中涉及不少金融方面的词汇，如capital markets (资本市场)、toxic assets (不良资产)等。
考生平时很少见到这些专业词汇，这就需要考生在做阅读理解训练时根据文章题材的不同进行分类和总结，掌握经济商务类、教育文化类、科普类、社会生活类等不同领域的常用专业术语。
这句话的大意为：不幸的是，银行部门展开的游说活动现在看来已显成效。
尽管其中的细节可能无法获悉，但准则制定者的独立性——也是资本市场正常运转的关键性因素——正在受到削弱。
而且，银行如果不能将不良资产以能够吸引购买者的价格卖出，银行系统的复苏将会非常之难。
突破专项题型考研英语阅读理解主要考查五大题型，分别为细节题、推理题、主旨题、词汇题和态度题。
这五类题型的考查方式和应对策略各有不同，考生应通过专项题型练习来把握不同题型的不同解题策略。
下面笔者来着重分析考研英语阅读理解中出现频率较高的细节题、推理题和主旨题，希望考生能从中受到启发。
1. 细节题细节题在考研英语阅读理解题目中基本占据了半壁江山。
这一题型其实既容易得分也容易失分：容易得分是因为这一题型考查的是原文中的细节内容，只要考生能够在原文中准确定位答案信息，仔细分析原文中与题目对应的内容，就不难找到正确答案；容易失分是因为很多考生对这一题型不够重视，做题时容易粗心大意、以偏概全。
笔者建议考生按照以下三步攻克该题型。
步骤一：在题干中寻找定位词。
步骤二：根据定位词返回原文定位相关信息，锁定原文与题干对应的内容。
步骤三：识别同义转换，分析四个选项中哪一个选项与原文表达的是相同或相似的内容，快速识别选项中所使用的同义替换方式(如正话反说、反话正说、使用近义词或同义词等)。
下面我们一起来看一道例题。
例4：Bankers have been blaming themselves for theirtroubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been takingaim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Theirrules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormouslosses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must valuesome assets at the price a third party would pay, not theprice managers and regulators would like them to fetch. (摘自2010年考研英语阅读理解真题第四篇第一段)36. Bankers complained that they were forced to ____.[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets我们按照上述介绍的三步法来解题。