初中英语五种基本句型

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→-→此句型的基本特点:动词是及物动词,后只接一个 宾语不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足 宾语,才能使意思完整。这个句型中“宾语+补语”的结 构统称为复合宾语。
宾语补足语的作用是:1.补充说明宾语的特点,身份等 ;2. 表示让宾语去完成的动作
充当补语的常常是:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语, 分词,动词不定式。
—We often speak English in class. —S—mo—ki—ng does harm to the health.
The rich should help the poor.
———
2. 谓语(verb):谓语可用来说明主语所做的动作 或具有的特征和状态。动词常在句中作谓语,一般 放在主语之后。分及物动词和不及物动词两种。
初中---五种基本句型
(一)五种基本句型的句子成分:
句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句 子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分; 主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾 语、定语、状语、补足语等。
1. 主语(subject):句子所说的是“什么人 ”或“什么事物”,也就是动作的发出者, 一般由名词,代词或具有名词或代词性质 的词
→-→此句型的基本特点:谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才 能表达完整的意思,一个为直接宾语,是动作的直接承 受者,一般由表“物”的名词充当;另一个为间接宾语 ,是动作的间接承受者,一般由指“人”的名词或代词 充当。
直接宾语和间接宾语并成为双宾语。常接双宾语的动词 有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。
一、分析下列句子分别属于哪种基本句型
1. The train is coming.
( S+ V. )
2. We all like English.
( S+ V +O. )
3. Danny looks happy.
( S+ V +P. )
4. Mom gave me a present. (S+V+INO+D) O 5. The story makes me laugh.. (S+V+O+C )
( S+ V.+O) 11. Many animals live in trees.
( S+ V. ) 12. The workers are working hard. ( S+ V. )
They painted their boat white.
We saw her entering the room.
1.基本句型一: 主语(subject )+谓语(verb) (1)The moon rose.
(2)They talked for half an hour.
(3)The plane has arrived.
6. They work hard.
(S+ V. )
7. The flower is dead.
( S+ V +P).
8. Plants need water. ( S+ V +O. ) 9. He gave me some seeds. (S+V+INO+D) O. 10. We should keep the plants in the shade.
及物动词 ----后面可以直接跟宾语如see/hear等 I saw him last night. I heard nothing.
不及物动词---本身意思完整,不需要加宾语的动词 如smile/laugh等 She smiled happily. They laugh loudly.
1. He p_r_a_ct_ic_es running every morning. 2.I h_a_v_e_c_au_g_h_t_a bad cold.
5.基本句型五:主语(subject)+动词(verb)+宾语 (object)+补语(complement)S+V+O+C.
(1)We should keep the room clean and tidy.
(2)We made him our monitor.
(3)His father told him not to play in the street.
3. 宾语(object):宾语在句中表示动作的对象 或承受者,一般位于及物动词或介词后面。
They went to see a_f_il_m_yesterday.
She often helps h_e_r _m_o_ther with their housework.
I enjoy listening to popular_m_u_s_ic_.
→-→此句型的共同特点:句子的谓语动词不能表达完 整的意思,必须加一个表明主语状态,特征和身份的表 语。此句型主要用来表明主语的状态,特征和身份。句 子的谓语动词为系动词。
系动词可以分为以下几类:
1. be动词 2.感官动词: look, feel, smell, taste, sound 3.表变化: go, get, turn, become, grow 4.表状态: stay, keep, remain, appear, seem
4. 表语(predicative):表语用以说明主语的身份 、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语 一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定 式、动名词、介词短语、副词构成。
The weather has turned c_o_l_d_.
His job is to__te_a_c_h__r_.
5.宾语补足语(object complement):英语中有些 及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个 宾语补足语,才能使句子的意思完整。带有宾语 补足语的句型一般为:某些及物动词(如make等 )+宾语+宾补。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词 、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语构成。
4.基本句型四:. 主语(subject)+谓语(verb)+间 接宾语(indirect object)+直接宾语(direct object)
S+V+INO+DO.
(1)He showed me the picture.
(2)She passed her a new dress.
(3)Andy gave me an apple.
→-→此句型的共同特点:句子谓语动词都具有实意 ,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟一个宾语,句意 才完整,宾语为谓语动作的承受者。句子的谓语动 词为及物动词,可直接接宾语。
3.基本句型三: 主语(subject )+系动词(link verb )+表语(predicative)( S + V + P ) (1)Everything looks different. (2)The girl looks beautiful. (3)The trees turn green. (4)My brother is a doctor. (5)The weather became warmer. (6)The book is interesting.
(4)The pen writes smoothly.
(5)I can swim.
(6)Everything changes. →-→此句型的共同特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整 的意思。谓语动词大多是不及物动词,动词后不可直接 加宾语,可跟副词,介词短语和状语从句。时态不影响 句子的结构。
2.基本句型二: 主语(subject )+谓语(verb)+ 宾语(object)( S + V + O ) (1)Li Lei always helps me when I am in trouble. (2)He knows the answer. (3)I understand English. (4)They are reading books. (5)He has read this book many times. (6)I want to talk with you.
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