Business Review-China-Feb 22 2016

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供应链管理-供应链绩效评价与激励机制

现行的基于职能的绩效评价指标示意图
基于供应链业务流程的绩效评价示意图
现行企业绩效评价指标的特点：
基于职能部门的工作完成情况；侧重于对事件结果的事后评价；数据主要来源于财务结果，在时间上比较迟缓。

供应链绩效评价的作用
对供应链上各成员企业做出评价；
用于对整个供应链的运行效果做出评价；
用于对供应链内企业与企业之间的合作关系做出评价；
对企业的激励作用
存
库
1.从单维指标转向多维指标，从关注单
个企业转向关注跨企业 2.并非所有维度都是同等重
要的，需要做出一些权衡。

等著名的概念集成到一个跨功能的框架之中。

SCOR管理流程
SCOR模型结构―三层模型
‒SCOR模型的第一层描述了五个基本流程：计划(Plan)、采购(Source)、生产(Make)、配送(Deliver)和退货(Return)。

它定义了供应链运作参
考模型的范围和内容，并确定了企业竞争性能目标的基础。

标准流程单元构建供应链。

每一种产品或产品型号都可以有它自己的SC
17
19
标杆实施过程示意图
21。

Measuring_I

Chinese Business Review, Jan.-Mar. 2023, Vol. 22, No. 1, 15-21 doi: 10.17265/1537-1506/2023.01.002 Measuring I/O-Production in Digital EconomyJean-François EmmeneggerUniversity of Fribourg, SwitzerlandHassan Ahmed Nour EldinBergische Universität Wuppertal, GermanyAccording to OECD standards (United Nations, 2008), “productivity is commonly de ﬁned as a ratio of a volume measure of output to a volume measure of input use”. This ratio indicates how eﬃciently production inputs, such as labour and capital, are being used in an economy to produce a given level of outputs. Productivity stays aside the main aggregates of national accounts, as the national income (a proxy of GDP), the total output and the circulating capital. Assume the existence of a Leontief-type national Input-Output Table with the vector of total output and the vector of intermediate inputs, situated on its right and lower border. In this paper a measure of capital productivity is proposed. It is called the productiveness, and results from the solution of a boundary value problem, elaborated for Input-Output Tables, involving the vector of total output and the vector of intermediate inputs.Keywords: Input-Output Table (IOT), productiveness, commodity ﬂow matrix, Perron-Frobenius theorem, Frobenius number, eigenvectorsSome National Input-Output TablesConsider a schematic Input-Output Table (Table 1)1 (Nathani, Schmid, & van Nieuwkoop, 2011), where the transactions z ij in monetary terms are recorded at basic prices in the supply-table of the central part, described by the n ×n commodity ﬂow matrix Z = {z ij }. On the right side is the use-table of ﬁnal consumption, which is in reality a matrix, but here it is aggregated to a single vector f ={f i } of ﬁnal use. Then, there is on the lower side the value added part, which is here represented by the vector of intermediate inputs y I = {y Ij } and the vector v = {v j } of value added.We work with national Input-Output Tables, the German IOT 2013, the Austrian IOT 2015, and the Swiss IOT 2014, which diﬀer one from the other, not only with respect to the number n of sectors but also to their structure. The sectors are composed of product groups in the rows, and the same number of homogenous economic activities (branches) in the columns, classi ﬁed according to the CPA system.Jean-Francois Emmenegger, PhD, lecturer, Department of Quantitative Economics, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.Hassan Ahmed Nour Eldin, PhD, professor, Faculty of Electrical, Information and Media Engineering, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Germany.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jean-François Emmenegger, Department of Quantitative Economics, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.1 The notations follow the usual standards. The products or product groups are classi ﬁed in the columns according to the CPA system, the economic activities are grouped in homogenous branches in the rows according to the NACE classi ﬁcation but are then adapted in the symmetric Input-Output Tables also to the CPA system. Germany, Austria and Switzerland operate in this way, see Nathani, Schmid, and van Nieuwkoop (2011).DA VID PUBLISHINGDMEASURING I/O-PRODUCTION IN DIGITAL ECONOMY16Table 1A Symmetric IOT of n Producing Sectors and a Sector of Total Final UseProducts (CPA) Homogenous branches: buying sectors Final use Total output selling sectors S 1 S 2 ... S j ... S n S 1 z 11 z 12 ... z 1j ... z 1n f 1 x 1 S 2 z 21 z 22 ... z 2j ... z 2n f 2 x 2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... S i z i 1 z i 2 ... z ij ... z in f i x i ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... S nz n 1 z n 2 ... z nj ... z nn f n x n Outlays (intermediate Inputs) value added y I 1 y I 2 ... y Ij ... y In V = F v 1 v 2 ... v j ... v n Total outlaysx 1x 2...x j...x nXOne may expect that all the production sectors participate with their goods to the means of production . But this is not the case. For example, in the Austrian IOT 2015 there is the branch n =65 and the product n =65, called “Services provided by extraterritorial organisations and bodies”, exhibiting exclusively zero entries, even a null-row and a null-column throughout the whole IOT! For this reason, the corresponding total output is zero, x 65=0. The null-row and null-column of sector n =65 can be skipped, because they contribute to no aggregates. Then the vector of total output, reduced by value x 65=0, becomes positive, x >o , a condition we request to be ful ﬁlled in our calculations!The generally reducible 2 (Emmenegger et al., 2020, p. 459; Gantmacher, 1986, p. 417)semi-positive commodity ﬂow matrices Z ={z ij }≥O have therefore a maximal, real, non-negative Frobenius number λZ ≥0 (Frobenius, 1912) to which are associated non-negative eigenvectors s ≥o,Zs =λZ s , see Gantmacher (p. 409), or, Emmenegger et al. (2020, p. 472, Theorem A.10.1). Matrix Z can be transformed with a permutation matrix P in a completely reducible “canonical form”,(1)where Z̃11, Z ̃22, ..., Z ̃SS now are irreducible square matrices, not necessarily of the same order (note that the zero matrix of order 1 is irreducible).Indeed, we need positive Frobenius numbers, and we have to strengthen the mentioned theorems. This is possible. Without giving a complete proof, the factthat there are many positive components in matrices Z , representing the substance of the economy, guarantees the positivity of the Frobenius number λZ >0. Thesubmatrices Z̃ii ,i = 1,… s , of matrix Z (1) are irreducible square matrices. The maximal eigenvalue of Z (Frobenius number) is equal to the maximal eigenvalue of one of the submatrices Z̃ii , see Emmenegger et al. (2020, p. 472, Lemma A.10.1) or Gantmacher (1986, pp. 411-412).2For the notion of reducibility and irreducibility, see Emmenegger et al. (2020, p. 459) or, Gantmacher (1986, p. 417).MEASURING I/O-PRODUCTION IN DIGITAL ECONOMY17A Specific Sraffa Price Model With Subsistence WagesNow, we formulate a speci ﬁc Sraﬀa price model (Sraﬀa, 1960), see Emmenegger et al. (2020, pp. 110-118), where all the workers obtain exclusively subsistence wages, consisting of commodities like a bundle of agricultural products as wages. The conditions are adapted to the above discussed national IOTs. All the surplus goes as pro ﬁts to the entrepreneurs. There is the semi-positive matrix S ≥O . There is a positive vector of surplus d >o , and therefore a positive vector of total output q =Se +d >o , as discussed for the Austrian IOT 2015. We set up the corresponding speci ﬁc Sraﬀa price model, leading to an eigenvalue equation, using the coeﬃcients matrix C =Sq ̂−1≥O , which is reducible or irreducible as matrices Z ,(2)Lemma A.10.3 (Emmenegger et al., 2020, p. 476) is applied. The Frobenius number of C′ is positive, λC =1/(1+R)>0, as it has been stated for matrix Z . The special requests x >o and q >o for IOTs imply a positive price vector p >o . Equation x =q ̂p >o holds. The value of the means of production is termed as circulating capital K =e′(S′p), the value of the total output is X = e′(q ̂p)= e′x .Every CPA product group is characterized by four speci ﬁc attributes : quantity q i , price p i , value x i =p i q i , and object e i ,i =1,...,n . These attributes can be combined to the following vectors: the vector of total outputs of quantities q =[q 1,...,q n ]′>o , the price vector p =[p 1,.., p n ]′>o , the vector of values x =q ̂p =[x 1,.., x n ]′>o and the vector of objects e =[1,..,1]′, the objects giving the units of production for one period.In the symmetric I-O-Tables (Table 1) the total outputs are equal to the total outlays, x =y . This is an accounting identity, an equilibrium between the input of the means of production of the product groups and the output of the homogenous branches , using the vectors of interindustrial products x I =Ze , of ﬁnal use f >o , of total supply , of intermediate inputs y I =Z′e , together with the vector of value added v . This leads to the identity,(3)The Leontief-type Input-Output Tables represent matrix components z ij ,i,j =1,...,n , periodic commodity ﬂows in monetary terms . Piero Sraﬀa (1960) aimed commodity ﬂow s in physical terms. Sraﬀa proposed to represent by matrix components s ij , quantities of commodities or bundles of commodities, analogue to CPA product groups 3 (Produktmix et al., 2011, p. 11), generating a commodity ﬂow matrix S in physical terms , representing the means of production. With prices p i the equations z ij = p i s ij hold 4. An analogue relation exists between the total ﬁnal use f j and the surplus d j , giving f j =p j d j . The price vector p >o is then diagonalized to the diagonal matrix p̂. The equations are written in matrix form, giving Z = p̂S and f = p̂d >o .3 in German: Produktmix et al. (2011, p. 11).4If the bundles of commodities are subdivided down to the level of single products like wheat or coal, the physical terms become physical measure units like kilogram, liter, etc.MEASURING I/O-PRODUCTION IN DIGITAL ECONOMY18A Capital Productivity Measure: ProductivenessUsing the above presented notions, we propose a measure of capital productivity , putting the value of the annual surplus d of an economy, as outputs, in relation to the value of the means of production , represented by matrix S , as inputs. We need an intermediate result: d =q −Se =q −Cq ̂e =Iq −Cq =(I −C)q . Taking the price vector p , the value of the volume of output is obtained, p′d = p′(I −C)q . The volume of total input of production is the summed-up commodity ﬂow matrix in physical terms , Se =S(q ̂q)=(Sq ̂)q =Cq , its value is the scalar p ′Cq . We obtain as measure of capital productivity ,(4)Now we take the speci ﬁc Sraﬀa price model (2), where all the surplus goes into the proﬁts of the entrepreneurs, transposing, we get p ′C +Rp ′C =p′I , multiplying that equation from the right side with vector q , solving for R ,(5)The term, R = ρ, is the above de ﬁned capital productivity (4). We call R the productiveness of the economy 5. Lemma 1 shows that the productiveness R of an economy (5) of a background Sraﬀa price model (2), is directly computed in terms of a boundary value problem de ﬁned on matrix Z , see also Emmenegger et al. (2020, pp. 399-408).Lemma 1: Consider a reducible ﬂow commodity matrix Z =p̂S with positive Frobenius number λZ >0. Set up the vectors y I =Z ′e,y =x =Ze +f and v =y −y I . Compute a right eigenvector s 1, Zs 1=λZ s 1. The productiveness R (5), associated to a background Sraﬀa price model (2), is the quotient of the scalarproducts s 1′v and s 1′y I . The Frobenius number λC =11+Rof C (2) is the quotient of the scalar products s 1′y Iand s 1′y ,R =s 1′v s 1′y I , s 1′y I s 1′x =s 1′y I s 1′y =11+R=λc (6)Proof: We start from the background Sraﬀa price model (2): q =Se +d,S ′p (1+R )=q ̂p =y , setting C =Sq ̂−1, λC≔11+R=> S ′p = λC q ̂p . By de ﬁnition: Z ′=S′p̂ and y I =Z ′e =S ′p̂e =S′p . Then, one getswith (2), (3)y =q ̂p: (λF s 1′)e =(s 1′Z ′)e =s 1′(Z ′e )=s 1′y I . For this reason, one obtains:.We illustrate Lemma 1 by an elementary computational example.Example 1: Consider an economy consisting of n =2 sectors, from which one knows an annual5To our knowledge the term productivity of the economy (in German: Mass der Produktivität der Wirtschaft) for this number R has been proposed by Helmut Knolle in the year 2010 in a similar context of another speci ﬁc Sraﬀa price model with irreducible matrix, a so-called standard system with standard commodity.MEASURING I/O-PRODUCTION IN DIGITAL ECONOMY19commodity ﬂow matrix and the vector of supply in physical terms,(7)Compute the vector q =Se +d >o , the coeﬃcients matrix C =Sq ̂−1>O , the Frobenius number λC >0 of the matrix C , the productivity R = (1λC)−1 > 0 and the price eigenvector p =[1,p 2]′ of matrix C . Then, compute the commodity ﬂow matrix Z =p̂S in monetary terms and its Frobenius number λZ . Compute then the vectors x,y,x I ,y I and v , as well as the normalized right eigenvector s 1=[s 11,1]′ of Z , Zs 1=λZ s 1. Then, one veri ﬁes the equalities λC =11+R=s 1′y I s 1′yand R =s 1′v s 1′y I.Solution of Example 1: One gets,(8)Here, the Frobenius number of matrix C has been calculated, λC =2/3, the normalized price eigenvector of C is p = [1,3]′. We also compute the diﬀerent requested vectors,(9)One computes the Frobenius number λZ =8.275 of matrix Z and the associated normalized righteigenvector s 1=[0.758,1]′. Then,(10) Lemma 1 shows that the Frobenius number λC and the productiveness R are obtained directly as a solution of a boundary value problem , de ﬁned on matrix Z .Applications to IOTs of Germany, Austria, and SwitzerlandThe National Statistical Oﬃces publish commodity ﬂow matrices Z in monetary terms . We have chosen three countries: Germany, Austria and Switzerland with national IOTs of diﬀerent size and structure 6. The three6Statistisches Bundesamt, Deutschland, Input-Output Tabelle 2013 (Revision 2014, Stand: August 2017, Stand: 12.06.2018); Austrian IOT 2015 (with National Accounts, Version: May 2018), Swiss IOT 2014, Bundesamt für Statistik, Schweiz (Stand: 2018).MEASURING I/O-PRODUCTION IN DIGITAL ECONOMY20IOTs are structured schematically as the IOT of Table 1, a n×n commodity ﬂow matrix Z, an n×m matrix of total ﬁnal use and a k×n matrix of value added (in Table 1 total ﬁnal use and value added are presented as vectors)7, as presented in Table 2.Table 2Year 2013 2015 2014Commodity ﬂow matrix 72 × 72 65 × 65 49 × 49No: (Laufende Nr.)Matrix of ﬁnal use 72 × 12 65 × 15 49 × 24Matrix of value added 10 × 72 16 × 65 4 × 49 One identiﬁes the characteristic quantities of the elements of national accounts, obtainable form the IOTs. There is theﬁnal consumption of households C, the total investments I, the government expenditures G, the exports E and the imports M, Table 4. To these ﬁve characteristics correspond: the vector of ﬁnal consumption of household c={c i}, the vector of total investments i={i i}, the vector of government expenditures g={g i}, the vector of exports e x={e xi},i =1,...,n, and the row vector of imports m′={m j},j =1,...,n. We constitute the vector of total ﬁnal use f=c+i+g+(e x−m′), summing it up, one gets,F=e′f=e′(c+i+g+(e x−m′))= C + I + G + (E - M) (11) Table 4 contains the inter-industrial circulating capital K=e′Ze, the total ﬁnal use of an economy F=e′f, the total output X = K + F and the GDP equal to Y = F - M.Table 3Oﬃcial Aggregates of the National Accounts (Germany, A, CH)Countries1 EURO =1.15 CHF Total Inter-ind.circulation capitalKTotal ﬁnal useFGross domesticproductY ∼ GDPTotal outputXGermany (EURO) 2,831,297 3,875,317 2,826,240 6,706,614Austria (EURO) 328,767 506,745 344,272 835,512 Switzerland (CHF) 662,275 932,706 649,718 1,594,980The structure and the size of the three oﬃcial national IOTs (Germany, A, CH) are different from each other (Table 2) as well as the content of their sectors. The main aggregates G, I, C, E, M, Y, computed form these national IOTs, are exactly the oﬃcial values, published by the respective countries Germany, Austria, Switzerland for the indicated years. Then we compute the productiveness R of the economies (Table 4), using equation (6), Lemma 1, a capital productivity of a background Sraﬀa price model, which by deﬁnition measures the values in physical terms. This is a new measure of capital productivity and its deeper meaning and understanding will need more applications! It is known that measures of productiveness R are sensitive to the structure of the IOTs and that sector reduction inﬂuences the Frobenius number, see Emmenegger et al. (2020, pp. 425-427, Figure 10.12, Figure 10.3, Figure 10.14). The productiveness measure R changes whenever the7If there are zero rows and columns belonging to the same sector, they are extracted from the IOTs. This is the case for the Austrian IOT 2015, but is not the case for the German IOT 2013, and the Swiss IOT 2014. Thus, there are positive output vectors in the three treated national IOTs as it is requested.MEASURING I/O-PRODUCTION IN DIGITAL ECONOMY21table of a speciﬁc country is aggregated. Also, we have not any information about the R-behaviour of Germany, Austria or Switzerland, when the tables themselves have diﬀerent dimensions.Table 4Oﬃcial Aggregates of National Accounts and the ProductivenessCountriesFinal consumption (use) of commoditiesImportMProductivenessR Consump. ofhouse-holdsCTotal invest-mentsIGovernm.expend.GExportEGermany (EURO) 1,472,436 551,462 593,728 1,257,691 1,049,077 0.86281 Austria (EURO) 188,848 81,955 68,033 167,908 162,473 0.44157 Switzerland (CHF) 345,035 158,682 77,777 351,212 282,987 1.088401 EURO=1.15 CHFConclusionsWe consider a general Input-Output Table (IOT) in monetary terms, reﬂecting the production of that economy. We assume at the central part of that IOT a non-negative reducible commodity ﬂow matrix Z, exhibiting a positive Frobenius number and positive Frobenius right eigenvectors s1. A measure of capital productivity, called productiveness, is proposed. The productiveness R is defined as the value of the annually produced surplus of commodities and services, as outputs, divided by the value of the annually used means of production, as inputs, interpreted in physical terms, and results from the solution of a boundary value problem, deﬁned on matrix Z. This productiveness R is a quotient, namely the scalar product of a right eigenvector s1 of matrix Z and the vector of value added v, divided by the scalar product of s1and the vector of intermediate inputs y I.ReferencesEmmenegger, J.-F., Chable, D., Nour Eldin, H. A., & Knolle, H. (2020). Mathematical models of a circular economy. Sraﬀa and Leontief (Eds.). München-Berlin: de Gruyter-Oldenbourg.Frobenius, G. (1912). Über Matrizen aus nicht negativen Elementen. Seiten 456-477: Berliner Bericht.Gantmacher, F. R. (1986). Matrizentheorie. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo: Springer-Verlag.Knolle, H. (2010). Vollbeschäftigung bei Nullwachstum: Für eine soziale und ökologische Wirtschaft, Im Jahrbuch Denknetz, Verlag (8th ed.). Postfach 3522, 8021 Zürich.Nathani, C., Schmid, C., & van Nieuwkoop, R. (2011). Schätzung einer Input-Output-Tabelle der Schweiz 2008, Schlussbericht an das Bundesamt für Statistik, Schweizerisches Bundesamt für Statistik, Rüschlikon/Bern.Sraﬀa, P. (1960). Production of commodities by means of commodities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.United Nations. (2008). International standard industrial classiﬁcation of all economic activities (ISIC). Statistical Papers, No. 4, Rev. 4.。

《哈佛商业评论》中文版(2023年第4期)

《哈佛商业评论》中文版（2023年第4期）
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
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02 内容摘要 04 作者介绍 06 精彩摘录
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本书关键字分析思维导图
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《哈佛商业评论》中文版2002年进入中国,2012年7月起，联办财讯传媒 (SEEC)推出全新的《哈佛商业评论》中文版(Harvard Business Review China，简称 HBRC)。《哈佛商业评论》中文版是最佳管理思想的载体。《哈佛商业评论》中文版，将致力于为商业管理提供世界级价值参考标准，推进中国企业管理实践与研究的国际化。通过其杂志、中文网、数字化内容为中国商业人士和全球思想领袖提供缜密的商业见解和最佳实践，提升中国社会及华人世界的管理理念、改进实务运作，对管理者以及他们管理的机构产生积极的影响。《哈佛商业评论》中文版必将成为中国商业精英的必备思想伙伴！
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这是《《哈佛商业评论》中文版（2023年第4期）》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的心得。
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感谢观看
当代职场忙碌图鉴
加班社会
停止赞美忙碌
当微压力开始滚雪球
吹肌销骨的微压力

论文大焖锅：2016年11月NBER中国经济会议论文速递

论文大焖锅：2016年11月NBER中国经济会议论文速递1.Estimating the Unofficial Income of Officials: The Case of China由于腐败具有非法性和隐蔽性，测量政府官员的非正式收入变得十分困难。

由Yongheng Deng, Shangjin Wei和Jing Wu教授合作撰写的最新工作论文“Estimating the Unofficial Incomeof Officials: The Case of China”提出了一种新的测量方法。

作者假设家庭住房支出与永久性收入之间存在稳定关系，并将永久性收入分解为正式收入和非正式收入。

利用来自住房公积金和社保基金的家庭数据，对修改后的住房支出函数估计结果显示官员的非正式收入与正式收入之比约为67%，且这一比例随着职位级别的上升而快速增大。

2.Can Governments Harvest Connections with Firms? Evidence from China既有的政商关系文献主要讨论企业从寻租活动中的得益，较少关注政府从中可以获取哪些利益。

由Yu-Hsiang Lei教授撰写的最新工作论文“Can Governments Harvest Connections with Firms? Evidence fr本人系天天论文网就职11年的资深论文编辑；工作中与各大医学期刊杂志社进行学术交流过程中建立了稳定的编辑朋友圈，系多家医学杂志社的特约编辑，常年为医学期刊杂志供稿，负责天天论文网医学论文·分检·编校·推送·指导等工作！工作企鹅1:1550116010工作企鹅2：766085044om China”则探究了政府与企业之间的动态、互惠关系。

2001年的分税制改革规定地方政府以2001年地方税收为基数，往后年份实行增量分成，这刺激了地方政府在2001年收取更多的税额。

中国商务环境调查报告

AmChamChina’s2016ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport中国美国商会2016年度中国商务环境调查报告
ThChamberofCommerceinthePeople’sRepublicofChina(AmChamChina)hasconducteditsannualBusinessClimateSurvey.WeareproudtohavepartneredagainwiththeconsultantsatBain&Company,whoworkedwithustocontinueimprovingthesurveyexperienceforourmembers,andprovidedin-depthanalysistodeterminetheimplicationsofourﬁndingsformembercompanies.
Everyyearfor18yearsAmChamChinahasproudlyproduceditsBusinessClimateSurvey(BCS),whichisacareful-lydevelopedreﬂectionoftheviewsandperceptionsofAmericanbusinessoperatinginChina.Theanalysisinthis2016BCSReportispresentedtoboththeChineseandAmericangovernmentsonissuesofconcerntoAmericancompaniesoperatingin,ortradingwith,China.Weviewthisreportasthechamber’sconstructivecontributiontoimprovingthebusinessenvironmentinChina.

国开电大本科《商务英语4》机考写作题题库105

国开电大本科《商务英语4》机考题库写作题说明：资料整理于2023年2月，适用于2023年2月底3月初期末机考考试；目前尚不确定是否有此题型。

根据要求写作文--[写一封加薪申请书][试题一]According to the following information,please write an application letter for salary raise within 100 words.(1)You are Albert,and your boss is Mr.Green.(2)Your reasons for the letter.(3)Your expectation for the salary raise.备注翻译：根据以下资料，请在100字以内写一封加薪申请书。

(1)你是艾伯特，你的老板是格林先生。

(2)你写这封信的理由。

(3)你对加薪的期望。

参考答案：Dear Mr.Green,As I approach my third year in the job,I find myself more dedicated,devoted and motivated than I ever was.I am thrilled to the fact that my efforts have been sensed and this will only result in enhanced performance.The performance review demonstrate show hard I have worked and how much commitment I am willing to put.I hope you agree with me that better performance and hard work should be rewarded.I hereby kindly ask you to consider a salary adjustment commensurate with my performance.I am willing to give more and would be grateful if my efforts can be acknowledged and consequently reflected with an appropriate change in my pay.Thank you.Sincerely,Albert[试题二]According to the following information,please write an application letter for salary raise.(1)You are George,and your boss is Mr.Smith.(2)Your reasons for the letter(3)Your expectation for the salary raise备注翻译：请根据以下信息，写一封加薪申请信。

第1条,共78 条

第1 条，共78 条标题: The Effect of VMoS3 Point Defect on the Elastic Properties of Monolayer MoS2 with REBO Potentials.作者: Li, Minglin; Wan, Yaling; Tu, Liping; Yang, Yingchao; Lou, Jun来源出版物: Nanoscale research letters卷: 11期: 1页: 155DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1377-x出版年: 2016-DecPubMed ID: 27000023ISSN: 1931-7573NLM 唯一ID: 101279750状态: PubMed-not-MEDLINE电子出版: 22 Mar 2016第2 条，共78 条标题: Fenton reaction-based colorimetric immunoassay for sensitive detection of brevetoxin B.作者: Lai, Wenqiang; Wei, Qiaohua; Zhuang, Junyang; Lu, Minghua; Tang, Dianping来源出版物: Biosensors & bioelectronics卷: 80页: 249-56DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.088出版年: 2016-Jun-15PubMed ID: 26851583ISSN: 1873-4235NLM 唯一ID: 9001289状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 01 Feb 2016第3 条，共78 条标题: Manipulation of partially oriented hydroxyapatite building blocks to form flowerlike bundles without acid-base regulation.作者: Wen, Zhenliang; Wang, Zihao; Chen, Jingdi; Zhong, Shengnan; Hu, Yimin; Wang, Jianhua; Zhang, Qiqing来源出版物: Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces卷: 142页: 74-80DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.02.016出版年: 2016-Jun-1PubMed ID: 26930036ISSN: 1873-4367NLM 唯一ID: 9315133状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 10 Feb 2016第4 条，共78 条标题: Optimal parameters for laccase-mediated destaining of Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250-stained polyacrylamide gels.作者: Yang, Jie; Yang, Xiaodan; Ye, Xiuyun; Lin, Juan来源出版物: Data in brief卷: 7页: 1-7DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.01.029出版年: 2016-JunPubMed ID: 26955647ISSN: 2352-3409NLM 唯一ID: 101654995状态: PubMed-not-MEDLINE电子出版: 29 Jan 2016第5 条，共78 条标题: Mono- and tetra-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines containing morpholinyl moieties: Synthesis, antifungal photodynamic activities, and structure-activity relationships.作者: Zheng, Bi-Yuan; Ke, Mei-Rong; Lan, Wen-Liang; Hou, Lu; Guo, Jun; Wan, Dong-Hua; Cheong, Ling-Zhi; Huang, Jian-Dong来源出版物: European journal of medicinal chemistry卷: 114页: 380-9DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.066出版年: 2016-May-23PubMed ID: 27046231ISSN: 1768-3254NLM 唯一ID: 0420510状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 03 Mar 2016第6 条，共78 条标题: Single plasmonic nanoparticles for ultrasensitive DNA sensing: From invisible to visible.作者: Guo, Longhua; Chen, Lichan; Hong, Seungpyo; Kim, Dong-Hwan来源出版物: Biosensors & bioelectronics卷: 79页: 266-72DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.027出版年: 2016-May-15PubMed ID: 26720918作者识别号:作者ResearcherID 号ORCID 号Guo, Longhua B-7783-2011 0000-0003-0706-0973ISSN: 1873-4235NLM 唯一ID: 9001289状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 15 Dec 2015第7 条，共78 条标题: Label-free hairpin DNA-scaffolded silver nanoclusters for fluorescent detection of Hg(2+) using exonuclease III-assisted target recycling amplification.作者: Xu, Mingdi; Gao, Zhuangqiang; Wei, Qiaohua; Chen, Guonan; Tang, Dianping来源出版物: Biosensors & bioelectronics卷: 79页: 411-5DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.081出版年: 2016-May-15PubMed ID: 26741529ISSN: 1873-4235NLM 唯一ID: 9001289状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 23 Dec 2015第8 条，共78 条标题: Highly sensitive visual detection of Avian Influenza A (H7N9) virus based on the enzyme-induced metallization.作者: Zhang, Huifang; Ma, Xiaoming; Hu, Shuisheng; Lin, Yue; Guo, Longhua; Qiu, Bin; Lin, Zhenyu; Chen, Guonan来源出版物: Biosensors & bioelectronics卷: 79页: 874-80DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.004出版年: 2016-May-15PubMed ID: 26797249作者识别号:作者ResearcherID 号ORCID 号lin, zhenyu C-8577-2012 0000-0001-7890-6812Guo, Longhua B-7783-2011 0000-0003-0706-0973ISSN: 1873-4235NLM 唯一ID: 9001289状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 05 Jan 2016第9 条，共78 条标题: Ferrite nanospheres-based magnetic solid-phase extraction for determination of domoic acid in seawater samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.作者: Zhang, Wenmin; Lin, Mingxia; Tong, Ping; Lu, Qiaomei; Zhang, Lan来源出版物: Journal of chromatography. A卷: 1443页: 54-61DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.055出版年: 2016-Apr-22PubMed ID: 27033983ISSN: 1873-3778NLM 唯一ID: 9318488状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 24 Mar 2016第10 条，共78 条标题: Magnetic beads-based DNAzyme recognition and AuNPs-based enzymatic catalysis amplification for visual detection of trace uranyl ion in aqueous environment.作者: Zhang, Hongyan; Lin, Ling; Zeng, Xiaoxue; Ruan, Yajuan; Wu, Yongning; Lin, Minggui; He, Ye; Fu, FengFu来源出版物: Biosensors & bioelectronics卷: 78页: 73-9DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.024出版年: 2016-Apr-15PubMed ID: 26594889ISSN: 1873-4235NLM 唯一ID: 9001289状态: In-Process电子出版: 12 Nov 2015第11 条，共78 条标题: Highly sensitive electrochemical sensing platform for lead ion based on synergetic catalysis of DNAzyme and Au-Pd porous bimetallic nanostructures.作者: Zhou, Qian; Lin, Youxiu; Lin, Yuping; Wei, Qiaohua; Chen, Guonan; Tang, Dianping来源出版物: Biosensors & bioelectronics卷: 78页: 236-43DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.055出版年: 2016-Apr-15PubMed ID: 26615514ISSN: 1873-4235NLM 唯一ID: 9001289状态: In-Process电子出版: 28 Nov 2015第12 条，共78 条标题: Synergy of metal and nonmetal dopants for visible-light photocatalysis: a case-study of Sn and N co-doped TiO2.作者: Zhuang, Huaqiang; Zhang, Yingguang; Chu, Zhenwei; Long, Jinlin; An, Xiaohan; Zhang, Hongwen; Lin, Huaxiang; Zhang, Zizhong; Wang, Xuxu来源出版物: Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP卷: 18期: 14页: 9636-44DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00580b出版年: 2016-Apr-14PubMed ID: 26996319ISSN: 1463-9084NLM 唯一ID: 100888160状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 21 Mar 2016第13 条，共78 条标题: Two-semiconductive-component hybrid coordination polymers with controllable photo-induced electron-transfer properties.作者: Liu, Jian-Jun; Chen, Yong; Lin, Mei-Jin; Huang, Chang-Cang; Dai, Wen-Xin来源出版物: Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)卷: 45期: 15页: 6339-42DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00455e出版年: 2016-Apr-12PubMed ID: 26985714ISSN: 1477-9234NLM 唯一ID: 101176026状态: In-Data-Review第14 条，共78 条标题: Encapsulating Naphthalene in an Electron-Deficient MOF to Enhance Fluorescence for Organic Amines Sensing.作者: Liu, Jian-Jun; Shan, Yue-Bin; Fan, Chang-Rong; Lin, Mei-Jin; Huang, Chang-Cang; Dai, Wen-Xin来源出版物: Inorganic chemistry卷: 55期: 7页: 3680-4DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00252出版年: 2016-Apr-4PubMed ID: 27040717ISSN: 1520-510XNLM 唯一ID: 0366543状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 22 Mar 2016第15 条，共78 条标题: Ultra-sensitive speciation analysis of mercury by CE-ICP-MS together with field-amplified sample stacking injection and dispersive solid-phase extraction.作者: Chen, YiQuan; Cheng, Xian; Mo, Fan; Huang, LiMei; Wu, Zujian; Wu, Yongning; Xu, LiangJun; Fu, FengFu来源出版物: Electrophoresis卷: 37页: 1055-62DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500460出版年: 2016-AprPubMed ID: 26643127ISSN: 1522-2683NLM 唯一ID: 8204476状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 29 Dec 2015第16 条，共78 条标题: Separation and determination of flavonoids in three traditional chinese medicines by capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection.作者: Wang, Wei; Lin, Ping; Ma, Lihong; Xu, Kaixuan; Lin, Xiuli来源出版物: Journal of separation science卷: 39期: 7页: 1357-62DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501287出版年: 2016-AprPubMed ID: 26829244ISSN: 1615-9314NLM 唯一ID: 101088554状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 29 Feb 2016第17 条，共78 条标题: Glycine induced culture-harvesting strategy for Botryococcus braunii.作者: Shen, Ying; Zhu, Wenzhe; Chen, Chaozhou; Nie, Yilei来源出版物: Journal of bioscience and bioengineering卷: 121期: 4页: 424-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.08.004出版年: 2016-AprPubMed ID: 26553477ISSN: 1347-4421NLM 唯一ID: 100888800状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 06 Nov 2015第18 条，共78 条标题: Facile preparation of biphasic-induced magnetic icariin-loaded composite microcapsules by automated in situ click technology.作者: Pan, Panpan; Chen, Jingdi; Fan, Tiantang; Hu, Yimin; Wu, Tao; Zhang, Qiqing来源出版物: Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces卷: 140DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.12.027出版年: 2016-Apr-1PubMed ID: 26735894ISSN: 1873-4367NLM 唯一ID: 9315133状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 21 Dec 2015第19 条，共78 条标题: Collagen/silk fibroin composite scaffold incorporated with PLGA microsphere for cartilage repair.作者: Wang, Jianhua; Yang, Qiu; Cheng, Niangmei; Tao, Xiaojun; Zhang, Zhihua; Sun, Xiaomin; Zhang, Qiqing来源出版物: Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications卷: 61页: 705-11DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.097出版年: 2016-Apr-1PubMed ID: 26838900ISSN: 1873-0191NLM 唯一ID: 101484109状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 04 Jan 2016第20 条，共78 条标题: Monascus Pigment Rubropunctatin: A Potential Dual Agent for Cancer Chemotherapy and Phototherapy.作者: Zheng, Yunquan; Zhang, Yun; Chen, Deshan; Chen, Haijun; Lin, Ling; Zheng, Chengzhuo; Guo, Yanghao来源出版物: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry卷: 64期: 12页: 2541-8DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05343出版年: 2016-Mar-30PubMed ID: 26953890ISSN: 1520-5118NLM 唯一ID: 0374755状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 16 Mar 2016第21 条，共78 条标题: Highly efficient CuxO/TiO2 catalysts: controllable dispersion and isolation of metal active species.作者: Shen, Lijuan; Xu, Congbo; Qi, Xinxin; Cao, Yanning; Tang, Jing; Zheng, Yuanhui; Jiang, Lilong来源出版物: Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)卷: 45期: 11页: 4491-5DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00055j出版年: 2016-Mar-21PubMed ID: 26885633ISSN: 1477-9234NLM 唯一ID: 101176026状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 17 Feb 2016第22 条，共78 条标题: A new cadmium-doped titanium-oxo cluster with stable photocatalytic H2 evolution properties.作者: Liu, Jin-Xiu; Zeng, Xian-Chong; Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Jian来源出版物: Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)卷: 45期: 11页: 4501-3DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00333h出版年: 2016-Mar-21PubMed ID: 26899204作者识别号:作者ResearcherID 号ORCID 号Zhang, Lei F-8554-2010 0000-0001-7720-4667ISSN: 1477-9234NLM 唯一ID: 101176026状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 22 Feb 2016第23 条，共78 条标题: Gold Nanorods as Colorful Chromogenic Substrates for Semiquantitative Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Small Molecules with the Naked Eye.作者: Ma, Xiaoming; Chen, Zhitao; Kannan, Palanisamy; Lin, Zhenyu; Qiu, Bin; Guo, Longhua 来源出版物: Analytical chemistry卷: 88期: 6页: 3227-34DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04621出版年: 2016-Mar-15PubMed ID: 26866574ISSN: 1520-6882NLM 唯一ID: 0370536状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 23 Feb 2016第24 条，共78 条标题: Invertase-labeling gold-dendrimer for in situ amplified detection mercury(II) with glucometer readout and thymine-Hg(2+)-thymine coordination chemistry.作者: Qiu, Zhenli; Shu, Jian; Jin, Guixiao; Xu, Mingdi; Wei, Qiaohua; Chen, Guonan; Tang, Dianping来源出版物: Biosensors & bioelectronics卷: 77页: 681-6DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.044出版年: 2016-Mar-15PubMed ID: 26496222ISSN: 1873-4235NLM 唯一ID: 9001289状态: In-Process电子出版: 11 Nov 2015第25 条，共78 条标题: First-principles studies on the structural and spectral properties of C72 isomers and the chlorinated derivative C72Cl4.作者: Qi, Jiayuan; Hu, Xiaoying; Zhu, Huanhuan; Zheng, Mei来源出版物: Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP卷: 18期: 11页: 8049-58DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00149a出版年: 2016-Mar-9PubMed ID: 26922973ISSN: 1463-9084NLM 唯一ID: 100888160状态: In-Data-Review第26 条，共78 条标题: In situ solvothermal synthesis of metal-organic framework coated fiber for highly sensitive solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.作者: Gao, Jia; Huang, Chuanhui; Lin, Yifen; Tong, Ping; Zhang, Lan来源出版物: Journal of chromatography. 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Y u, Shu-Xian; Jin, Gui-Xiao; Wang, Xiaoyong; Chen, Jianzhong; Li, Juan; Liu, Gang; Yang, Huang-Hao来源出版物: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)卷: 12期: 11页: 1506-13DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503250出版年: 2016-MarPubMed ID: 26763187ISSN: 1613-6829NLM 唯一ID: 101235338电子出版: 13 Jan 2016第30 条，共78 条标题: In vitro photodynamic activities of zinc(II) phthalocyanines substituted with pyridine moieties.作者: Liu, Jian-Yong; Li, Jun; Yuan, Xiao; Wang, Wan-Ming; Xue, Jin-Ping来源出版物: Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy卷: 13页: 341-3DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.003出版年: 2016-MarPubMed ID: 26192694ISSN: 1873-1597NLM 唯一ID: 101226123状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 17 Jul 2015第31 条，共78 条标题: Enzymatic Oxydate-Triggered Self-Illuminated Photoelectrochemical Sensing Platform for Portable Immunoassay Using Digital Multimeter.作者: Shu, Jian; Qiu, Zhenli; Zhou, Qian; Lin, Youxiu; Lu, Minghua; Tang, Dianping来源出版物: Analytical chemistry卷: 88期: 5页: 2958-66DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00262出版年: 2016-Mar-1PubMed ID: 26823201ISSN: 1520-6882NLM 唯一ID: 0370536状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 11 Feb 2016第32 条，共78 条标题: Effective As(III) Removal by A Multi-Charged Hydroacid Complex Draw Solute Facilitated Forward Osmosis-Membrane Distillation (FO-MD) Processes.作者: Ge, Qingchun; Han, Gang; Chung, Tai-Shung来源出版物: Environmental science & technology卷: 50期: 5页: 2363-70DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05402出版年: 2016-Mar-1PubMed ID: 26822310ISSN: 1520-5851NLM 唯一ID: 0213155电子出版: 10 Feb 2016第33 条，共78 条标题: In vitro and in vivo efficacy and safety evaluation of metapristone and mifepristone as cancer metastatic chemopreventive agents.作者: Wang, Jichuang; Chen, Jianzhong; Zhu, Yewei; Zheng, Ning; Liu, Jian; Xiao, Yingying; Lu, Yusheng; Dong, Haiyan; Xie, Jingjing; Yu, Suhong; Shao, Jingwei; Jia, Lee来源出版物: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie卷: 78页: 291-300DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.017出版年: 2016-MarPubMed ID: 26898454ISSN: 1950-6007NLM 唯一ID: 8213295状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 04 Feb 2016第34 条，共78 条标题: p53 Is a Direct Transcriptional Repressor ofKeratin 17: Lessons from a Rat Model ofRadiation Dermatitis.作者: Liao, Chunyan; Xie, Guojiang; Zhu, Liyan; Chen, Xi; Li, Xiaobo; Lu, Haijie; Xu, Benhua; Ramot, Yuval; Paus, Ralf; Yue, Zhicao来源出版物: The Journal of investigative dermatology卷: 136期: 3页: 680-9DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.12.021出版年: 2016-MarPubMed ID: 26747697ISSN: 1523-1747NLM 唯一ID: 0426720状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 30 Dec 2015第35 条，共78 条标题: Unique sequence characteristics account for good DGGE separation of almost full-length 18S rDNAs.作者: Huang, Zhiqing; Ke, Xinxin; Lv, Xiaodan; Liu, Zhibin; Ni, Li来源出版物: World journal of microbiology & biotechnology卷: 32期: 3页: 48DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1990-3出版年: 2016-MarPubMed ID: 26873559ISSN: 1573-0972NLM 唯一ID: 9012472状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 12 Feb 2016第36 条，共78 条标题: Fabrication of gelatin-TiO2 nanocomposite film and its structural, antibacterial and physical properties.作者: He, Qingyan; Zhang, Yuchen; Cai, Xixi; Wang, Shaoyun来源出版物: International journal of biological macromolecules卷: 84页: 153-60DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.012出版年: 2016-MarPubMed ID: 26691381ISSN: 1879-0003NLM 唯一ID: 7909578状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 12 Dec 2015第37 条，共78 条标题: Functional nucleic acid-based hydrogels for bioanalytical and biomedical applications.作者: Li, Juan; Mo, Liuting; Lu, Chun-Hua; Fu, Ting; Yang, Huang-Hao; Tan, Weihong来源出版物: Chemical Society reviews卷: 45期: 5页: 1410-31DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00586h出版年: 2016-Feb-29PubMed ID: 26758955作者识别号:作者ResearcherID 号ORCID 号Tan, Weihong A-5412-2008 0000-0002-8066-1524ISSN: 1460-4744NLM 唯一ID: 0335405状态: In-Data-Review第38 条，共78 条标题: Flexible and Adhesive Surface Enhance Raman Scattering Active Tape for Rapid Detection of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables.作者: Chen, Jiaming; Huang, Youju; Kannan, Palanisamy; Zhang, Lei; Lin, Zhenyu; Zhang, Jiawei; Chen, Tao; Guo, Longhua来源出版物: Analytical chemistry卷: 88期: 4页: 2149-55DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03735出版年: 2016-Feb-16PubMed ID: 26810698作者识别号:作者ResearcherID 号ORCID 号Chen, Tao G-5925-2010 0000-0001-9704-9545Guo, Longhua B-7783-2011 0000-0003-0706-0973Huang, Youju A-9477-2011ISSN: 1520-6882NLM 唯一ID: 0370536状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 04 Feb 2016第39 条，共78 条标题: EpCAM aptamer-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for efficient colon cancer cell-targeted drug delivery.作者: Xie, Xiaodong; Li, Fengqiao; Zhang, Huijuan; Lu, Yusheng; Lian, Shu; Lin, Hang; Gao, Yu; Jia, Lee来源出版物: European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences卷: 83页: 28-35DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.014出版年: 2016-Feb-15PubMed ID: 26690044ISSN: 1879-0720NLM 唯一ID: 9317982状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 09 Dec 2015第40 条，共78 条标题: An immobilization free DNAzyme based electrochemical biosensor for lead determination. 作者: Tan, Yue; Qiu, Jiazhi; Cui, Meiying; Wei, Xiaofeng; Zhao, Mengmeng; Qiu, Bin; Chen, Guonan来源出版物: The Analyst卷: 141期: 3页: 1121-6DOI: 10.1039/c5an02114f出版年: 2016-Feb-7PubMed ID: 26689961ISSN: 1364-5528NLM 唯一ID: 0372652状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 22 Dec 2015第41 条，共78 条标题: Dual-Emission of Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks Encapsulating Carbon-BasedDots for Ratiometric Detection of Water in Organic Solvents.作者: Dong, Yongqiang; Cai, Jianhua; Fang, Qingqing; You, Xu; Chi, Yuwu来源出版物: Analytical chemistry卷: 88期: 3页: 1748-52DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03974出版年: 2016-Feb-2PubMed ID: 26744080ISSN: 1520-6882NLM 唯一ID: 0370536状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 21 Jan 2016第42 条，共78 条标题: Visual and colorimetric detection of p-aminophenol in environmental water and human urine samples based on anisotropic growth of Ag nanoshells on Au nanorods.作者: Lin, Tianran; Li, Zhihong; Song, Zhiping; Chen, Huan; Guo, Liangqia; Fu, Fengfu; Wu, Zujian来源出版物: Talanta卷: 148页: 62-8DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.056出版年: 2016-Feb-1PubMed ID: 26653424ISSN: 1873-3573NLM 唯一ID: 2984816R状态: In-Process电子出版: 23 Oct 2015第43 条，共78 条标题: Invisible Security Ink Based on Water-Soluble Graphitic Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots.作者: Song, Zhiping; Lin, Tianran; Lin, Lihua; Lin, Sen; Fu, Fengfu; Wang, Xinchen; Guo, Liangqia来源出版物: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)卷: 55期: 8页: 2773-7DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510945出版年: 2016-FebPubMed ID: 26797811作者识别号:作者ResearcherID 号ORCID 号Wang, Xinchen D-6020-2016 0000-0002-2490-3568ISSN: 1521-3773NLM 唯一ID: 0370543状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 21 Jan 2016第44 条，共78 条标题: Syntheses and structures of discrete copper(II) and cadmium(II) supramolecular complexes based on 1,4-diacylthiosemicarbazone ligands.作者: Jiao, Chen; Zhang, Si Si; Li, Zuo Yin; Liu, Jian Jun; Lin, Mei Jin; Huang, Chang Cang来源出版物: Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry卷: 72期: Pt 2页: 119-23DOI: 10.1107/S2053229616000310出版年: 2016-Feb-1PubMed ID: 26846495ISSN: 2053-2296NLM 唯一ID: 101620313状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 15 Jan 2016第45 条，共78 条标题: Imidazolium Ionic Liquids, Imidazolylidene Heterocyclic Carbenes, and Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for CO2 Capture and Photochemical Reduction.作者: Wang, Sibo; Wang, Xinchen来源出版物: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)卷: 55期: 7页: 2308-20DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507145出版年: 2016-FebPubMed ID: 26683833作者识别号:作者ResearcherID 号ORCID 号Wang, Sibo J-5231-2015Wang, Xinchen D-6020-2016 0000-0002-2490-3568ISSN: 1521-3773NLM 唯一ID: 0370543状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 18 Dec 2015第46 条，共78 条标题: HepG2 cells acquire stem cell-like characteristics after immune cell stimulation.作者: Wang, Hang; Yang, Miqing; Lin, Ling; Ren, Hongzhen; Lin, Chaotong; Lin, Suling; Shen, Guoying; Ji, Binfeng; Meng, Chun来源出版物: Cellular oncology (Dordrecht)卷: 39期: 1页: 35-45DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0249-1出版年: 2016-FebPubMed ID: 26650484ISSN: 2211-3436NLM 唯一ID: 101552938状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 09 Dec 2015第47 条，共78 条标题: Ultrafine Cobalt Catalysts on Covalent Carbon Nitride Frameworks for Oxygenic Photosynthesis.作者: Zhang, Guigang; Zang, Shaohong; Lin, Lihua; Lan, Zhi-An; Li, Guosheng; Wang, Xinchen 来源出版物: ACS applied materials & interfaces卷: 8期: 3页: 2287-96DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11167出版年: 2016-Jan-27PubMed ID: 26728317作者识别号:作者ResearcherID 号ORCID 号lin, lihua C-7862-2016 0000-0002-4268-1815Wang, Xinchen D-6020-2016 0000-0002-2490-3568Zhang, Guigang D-6071-2016ISSN: 1944-8252NLM 唯一ID: 101504991状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 13 Jan 2016第48 条，共78 条标题: Dual-enhanced photothermal conversion properties of reduced graphene oxide-coated gold superparticles for light-triggered acoustic and thermal theranostics.作者: Lin, Li-Sen; Yang, Xiangyu; Niu, Gang; Song, Jibin; Yang, Huang-Hao; Chen, Xiaoyuan来源出版物: Nanoscale卷: 8期: 4页: 2116-22DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07552a出版年: 2016-Jan-21PubMed ID: 26726809ISSN: 2040-3372NLM 唯一ID: 101525249状态: In-Data-Review第49 条，共78 条标题: Destaining of Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250-stained polyacrylamide gels with fungal laccase.作者: Yang, Jie; Yang, Xiaodan; Ye, Xiuyun; Lin, Juan来源出版物: Analytical biochemistry卷: 493页: 27-9DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.10.004出版年: 2016-Jan-15PubMed ID: 26475566ISSN: 1096-0309NLM 唯一ID: 0370535状态: In-Process电子出版: 22 Oct 2015第50 条，共78 条标题: Temperature-induced phase changes in bismuth oxides and efficient photodegradation of phenol and p-chlorophenol.作者: Hu, Yin; Li, Danzhen; Sun, Fuqian; Weng, Yaqing; You, Shengyong; Shao, Yu来源出版物: Journal of hazardous materials卷: 301页: 362-70DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.008出版年: 2016-Jan-15PubMed ID: 26384997作者识别号:作者ResearcherID 号ORCID 号Li, Danzhen F-2461-2012 0000-0003-4044-0310ISSN: 1873-3336NLM 唯一ID: 9422688状态: PubMed-not-MEDLINE电子出版: 08 Sep 2015第51 条，共78 条标题: Stimulus-response mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based chemiluminescence biosensor for cocaine determination.作者: Chen, Zhonghui; Tan, Yue; Xu, Kefeng; Zhang, Lan; Qiu, Bin; Guo, Longhua; Lin, Zhenyu; Chen, Guonan来源出版物: Biosensors & bioelectronics卷: 75页: 8-14DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.006出版年: 2016-Jan-15PubMed ID: 26278045ISSN: 1873-4235NLM 唯一ID: 9001289状态: In-Process电子出版: 06 Aug 2015第52 条，共78 条标题: Intelligent DNA machine for the ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of nucleic acids.作者: Xu, Jianguo; Qian, Jun; Li, Hongling; Wu, Zai-Sheng; Shen, Weiyu; Jia, Lee来源出版物: Biosensors & bioelectronics卷: 75页: 41-7DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.015出版年: 2016-Jan-15PubMed ID: 26291961ISSN: 1873-4235NLM 唯一ID: 9001289状态: In-Process电子出版: 10 Aug 2015第53 条，共78 条标题: Enzyme-triggered formation of enzyme-tyramine concatamers on nanogold-functionalized dendrimer for impedimetric detection of Hg(II) with sensitivity enhancement.作者: Qiu, Zhenli; Tang, Dianyong; Shu, Jian; Chen, Guonan; Tang, Dianping来源出版物: Biosensors & bioelectronics卷: 75页: 108-15DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.026出版年: 2016-Jan-15PubMed ID: 26301998ISSN: 1873-4235NLM 唯一ID: 9001289状态: In-Process电子出版: 15 Aug 2015第54 条，共78 条标题: The development of two dimensional group IV chalcogenides, blocks for van der Waals heterostructures.作者: Sa, Baisheng; Sun, Zhimei; Wu, Bo来源出版物: Nanoscale卷: 8期: 2页: 1169-78DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06871a出版年: 2016-Jan-14PubMed ID: 26667941ISSN: 2040-3372NLM 唯一ID: 101525249状态: In-Process第55 条，共78 条标题: Characterization of Oat (Avena nuda L.) beta-Glucan Cryogelation Process by Low-Field NMR.作者: Wu, Jia; Li, Linlin; Wu, Xiaoyan; Dai, Qiaoling; Zhang, Ru; Zhang, Yi来源出版物: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry卷: 64期: 1页: 310-9DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03948出版年: 2016-Jan-13PubMed ID: 26653669ISSN: 1520-5118NLM 唯一ID: 0374755状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 22 Dec 2015第56 条，共78 条标题: Magnetic Graphene Nanosheet-Based Microfluidic Device for Homogeneous Real-Time Electronic Monitoring of Pyrophosphatase Activity Using Enzymatic Hydrolysate-Induced Release of Copper Ion.作者: Lin, Youxiu; Zhou, Qian; Li, Juan; Shu, Jian; Qiu, Zhenli; Lin, Yuping; Tang, Dianping来源出版物: Analytical chemistry卷: 88期: 1页: 1030-8DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04005出版年: 2016-Jan-5PubMed ID: 26609552ISSN: 1520-6882NLM 唯一ID: 0370536状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 10 Dec 2015第57 条，共78 条标题: Recombinant soluble gp130 protein reduces DEN-induced primary hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.作者: Hong, Jing; Wang, Hang; Shen, Guoying; Lin, Da; Lin, Yanxue; Ye, Nanhui; Guo, Yashan; Li, Qiaoling; Ye, Nanhui; Deng, Chengjun; Meng, Chun来源出版物: Scientific reports卷: 6页: 24397DOI: 10.1038/srep24397出版年: 2016 Apr 15PubMed ID: 27080032ISSN: 2045-2322NLM 唯一ID: 101563288状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 15 Apr 2016第58 条，共78 条标题: Simultaneous Determination of Five Alkaloid Compounds in a Drug Based on a Hydrophilic Monolithic Column by Capillary Electrochromatography.作者: Chen, Zongbao; Ye, Qing; Liu, Linghai; Dong, Hongxia来源出版物: Journal of chromatographic science卷: 54期: 1页: 88-95DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv096出版年: 2016-JanPubMed ID: 26187925ISSN: 1945-239XNLM 唯一ID: 0173225状态: In-Process电子出版: 16 Jul 2015第59 条，共78 条标题: A Biofunctional Molecular Beacon for Detecting Single Base Mutations in Cancer Cells.作者: Dong, Haiyan; Ma, Ji; Wang, Jie; Wu, Zai-Sheng; Sinko, Patrick J; Jia, Lee来源出版物: Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids卷: 5页: e302DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.18出版年: 2016 Apr 05PubMed ID: 27045206ISSN: 2162-2531NLM 唯一ID: 101581621状态: PubMed-not-MEDLINE电子出版: 05 Apr 2016第60 条，共78 条标题: A Novel Field-Circuit FEM Modeling and Channel Gain Estimation for Galvanic Coupling Real IBC Measurements.作者: Gao, Yue-Ming; Wu, Zhu-Mei; Pun, Sio-Hang; Mak, Peng-Un; Vai, Mang-I; Du, Min来源出版物: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)卷: 16期: 4DOI: 10.3390/s1*******出版年: 2016 Apr 02PubMed ID: 27049386ISSN: 1424-8220NLM 唯一ID: 101204366状态: In-Data-Review电子出版: 02 Apr 2016第61 条，共78 条标题: Dense Trajectories and DHOG for Classification of Viewpoints from Echocardiogram Videos.。

一篇文章的漫长投稿过程-科研经验交流-小木虫论坛-学术科研第一站

一篇文章的漫长投稿过程-科研经验交流-小木虫论坛-学术科研第一站一篇文章的漫长投稿过程2011/3/15按理说现在自己应该正是忙着找工作和准备毕业论文的时候，但是现在毕业论文正在老板手里改，找工作的话也在等一篇文章的消息，本来不打算等的，但是多一篇论文对于本来论文就不多的我而言，无异于有一个质的提高，反正现在正在编辑手里，也等不了几天了，所以现在这两天除了等就是等，也没有其它什么可做的。

自己以前就一直计划写一些自己的感想，算是对小木虫和诺贝尔学术资源网在我读博期间给予我巨大帮助的报答，我的绝大部分书和不少一部分论文，都是从上面这两个网站上无偿得到的（physebook 上面的找到不少专业性的资料），如果没有这几个网站，我确实无法想象自己能够走到什么地步。

我不是大牛，我只是一个即将毕业的普通的物理博士，论文也不多，够毕业的，我之所以选择写下来的原因是如果自己以后找的工作跟科研不相关的话，自己可能就更没有心情和机会来写了，这对于这个浩渺的世界当然不能算是任何损失，但是对于我自己而言，确实是一种遗憾。

好了，废话不多说了，下面就说这篇文章的过程以及自己在这个过程中的感想。

这篇文章是一篇实验文章，在刚做出来的时候，因为自己写文章的角度比较新，所以就我所了解的研究现状而言，别人还没有这样做过，而且当时自己是研究生第三年，反正有的是时间耗，所以就投了物理期刊类中比较好的杂志PRL，当时编辑送审了三个人，在等了两个多月之后，回来的消息是拒掉，不过三个人中还是有一个人同意的，另外两个不同意，因为涉及到比较专业的东西，说起来估计大家也没兴趣，反正就是我和导师商量之后发现那两个不同意的人中只有一个人的意见比较致命，另一个人纯属没有理解这篇论文，于是我们就详细准备了8页左右的回复，并且按照审稿人的意见修改了我们的论文，回复给了编辑。

编辑在看了我们的回复之后，把我们的意见给了那两个不同意的审稿人，其中一个没太读懂的审稿人很快就回复了，但是意见比较致命的那个审稿人两个月都还没有回复，编辑认为那个审稿人不会再恢复了，所以就根据他已经收到的这个审稿人意见拒掉了我们的论文。

毕博管理咨询工具方法—2.5SurveyLetterfromBusinessOwnerChinese

精选文档，值得拥有客户检查Client Survey敬爱的 [姓名 ]在同您和您的机构合作的过程中，我们高度重视您的经验和判断。

所以，我们希望得到您关于我们公司－ [公司名称 ] 的反应建议。

In our dealings with you and your organisation, we have come to respect your judgement and experience. Therefore we would like to seek your feedback about our business, [Business Name] .[姓名 ], 我们相信，学会怎样更好地为您服务的独一方法就是直接征采您的建议。

这也是为何我们希望您参加一个具保密性质的检查，在包含客户服务、营销、沟通以及产品与服务等重点环节，对我们的业绩进行评估。

[Name], we believe that the only way that we can learn how to serve you better is toask you. That is why we would like to ask your assistance in participating in a confidential survey that explores our performance in a number of key areas including customer service, marketing, communication and products and services.[姓名 ]，有两个重要事情希望您认识。

第一，我们想要保证在整个的过程中您能自由地表达自己看法。

所以，我们邀请了[咨询公司名称 ]的一位顾问来辅助我们的检查工作，以保证检查结果可以中立、客观。

[Name] , there are two important things you should know. Firstly, we want to ensure that you feel comfortable to express yourself freely, throughout the entire process. Therefore, we have asked a consultant from [Consultant Business Name ], to facilitate the surveying process for us. They will ensure that the survey results are impartial and objective.精选文档，值得拥有其次，我们对这项工作高度重视，在检查达成后，我们将剖析您的反应建议，以确立我们在哪些领域需要改良，以便更好地为您服务。

年度商务环境调查报告

In partnership with与贝恩公司合作编制AmCham China’s 2015 ChinaBusiness Climate Survey Report中国美国商会 2015 年度商务环境调查报告T his is the 17th year that the American Chamber of Commerce in the People’s Republic of China (AmChamChina) has conducted its annual Business Climate Survey. To enhance the report and service to our mem-bers, we are proud to have partnered with Bain & Company, which provided valuable insight into improv-ing the survey experience for our members as well as the depth of the analysis, and into determining theimplications of our ﬁndings for member companies.The Business Climate Survey enhances the Chinese and US governments’understanding of our mem-ber companies’concerns regarding China’s regulatory and policy environment, as well as the daily businesschallenges companies face when operating in China. Further, the survey is a useful tool for our members tomeasure their operations and compare their business outlooks and strategies with the broader community.We would like to thank all of our members who took time to participate in the survey. Your input isg reatly valued and is the key to our joint success.今年是中国美国商会（AmCham China）开展年度商务环境调查的第十七年。

国际工程风险之我见——谈非洲市场机遇与风险并存

中图分类号：TU712.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-8772-（2016）03-0005-02 21世纪初仿佛启动了一个“非洲世纪”，非洲经济进入了快速发展时期，这个曾被世界边缘化的大陆，其中的一些国家，如安哥拉、尼日利亚、厄立特里亚等国，一夜之间成了世界关注的地方。

正当世界的目光逐步朝非洲转移的时候，金融海啸发生了。

虽然没有重创非洲，但也给非洲造成了很多的困难。

很多以前预先要上马的项目，因为资金不能及时落实，导致暂停或顺延。

由于金融危机对西方国家经济的影响已经很大，自顾不暇的西方正在减少对非洲的援助，其开拓非洲市场的决心被大大削弱。

但在这场罕见的危机中，中国与非洲的经贸合作受影响的程度可能最小。

中国政府鼓励有实力的企业到非洲投资经商，通过中非发展基金、援外资金、进出口银行的信贷资金、中小企业发展基金等支持企业开展与非洲的经贸合作。

自2000年以来，中国已同28个非洲国家签署双边投资保护协定，与8个非洲国家签订避免双重征税协定。

国际承包工程历来被认为是一项“风险事业”，其与所在国的政治局势、对外关系、经济状况、政策法律、外汇管理、自然条件、技术规范和行业标准等诸多因素都有联系，加之非洲市场的特殊性，这种风险有时是不可预知的，大多数非洲国家正处在经济转轨过程中，经济政策、投资政策和市场法则等有待完善，中国企业投资非洲会遇到种种困难，难免会出现水土不服的症状，甚至遭遇较大的风险，这就需要我们做好充分准备。

一、非洲区域经济近况非洲经济基础薄弱，从20世纪60年代至今，非洲一直是世界上贫困国家最集中的地区。

在联合国确认的全球49个最不发达国家中，非洲占有34个；在国际货币基金组织定义的全球40个重债穷国中，33个地处非洲。

长久以来，非洲的经济结构单一，大多数国家经济倚重于“靠天吃饭”的农业和初级产品出口，经济发展缺乏核心竞争力。

自20世纪70年代以来，非洲经济进入了最强劲的持续增长通道，其增长的动力主要来自于三方面：全球经济复苏，为非洲经济增长创造了良好的外部环境；非洲宏观经济政策的合理调整为其注入了活力；和平与稳定的发展趋势为吸引投资、发展经济提供了保障；同时，国际社会普遍对持续的减债和外援减轻了非洲经济发展的负担。

A Comparison of Three Surrogacy Agreement Cases Us

Chinese Business Review, ISSN 1537-1506February 2011, Vol. 10, No. 2, 152-156A Comparison of Three Surrogacy Agreement CasesUsing AHPCynthia L. Knott, Susanne Bruno Ninassi, Alyson EisenhardtMarymount University, Arlington, USAThis paper builds on the previous work of Knott, Ninassi and Eisenhardt’s 2009 paper, “Using the Analytic HierarchyProcess (AHP) to Look at the Tradeoffs Among Stakeholders in the Case of Surrogacy, when the Initial Intention ofthe Parties Involved Change After the Pregnancy Has Ensued”. This paper proposes a new methodology foranalyzing cases involving stakeholders in disputed surrogacy arrangement.The methodology utilized is the AnalyticHierarchy Process, which allows users to weigh different criteria based on their own opinions and background. Threecase studies involved a surrogacy arrangement among three stakeholders: the biological mother, the biological fatherand the surrogate mother. The base for the model was that all parties had entered into an agreement, and that after theagreement had been made, a situation changed, such that a decision as to who had parental rights over the fetusbecame an issue. The criteria used in the decision making process in the three case studies were legal, health andethical. The criteria differed based upon each stakeholder’s point of view. In this paper, the three models weredeveloped using the AHP methodology and judgments were gathered for each of the three cases to derive thepriorities for the criteria in each model. Each author took the role of one of the three stakeholders.l Rights Reserved.Keywords:the analytic hierarchy process, surrogacy, legal issues, ethical issues, health issues, decision makingmodelLegal and Case Studies BackgroundAs previously discussed in the prior paper (Knott, Ninassi, & Eisenhardt, 2009), the legal background for surrogacy cases follows.Historically, when the custody of a child is contested, the courts will look to the standard of what is in the “best interest of the child” in reaching its decision (Hames & Ekern, 2006). However, with the reproductivetechnology, such as in vitro fertilization, the courts must grapple with the issue of who is the legal parent. ThreeCalifornia state cases are discussed to illustrate how courts are dealing with this issue.The first case is Johnson v. Calvert, 851 P.2d 776 (Cal. 1993), cert. dismissed, 510 U.S. 938 (1993). This is the case, the Calverts, a married couple, entered into a gestational surrogacy arrangement with Ms. Anna Johnson.Under this type of surrogacy arrangement, the wife’s egg inseminated with the husband’s sperm was transferredinto the uterus of another woman, the surrogate, for gestation and birth. As part of the contract, Ms. Johnsonagreed to relinquish all parental rights. During the pregnancy, the relationship between the Ms. Johnson and theCynthia L. Knott, Ph.D., assistant professor, School of Business Administration, Marymount University.Susanne Bruno Ninassi, J.D., assistant professor, School of Business Administration, Marymount University.Alyson Eisenhardt, DHSc, assistant professor, School of Business Administration, Marymount University.A COMPARISON OF THREE SURROGACY AGREEMENT CASES USING AHP 153Culverts deteriorated. The Calverts sued for a declaration that they were the legal parents of the unborn child. Ms.Johnson sued to be declared the legal mother.The California Supreme Court held that although the state statute “recognizes both genetic consanguinity and giving birth as means of establishing a mother-child relation, when the two means do not coincide in onewoman, she who intended to procreate the child-that is, she who intended to bring about the birth of a child thatshe intended to raise as her own—is the natural mother” (Id. at 782). The court held that the gestational motherhad no parental rights, and the agreement was not inconsistent with public policy nor was the termination of thesurrogate’s claims to the child unconstitutional.The next case is In re Marriage of Moschetta, 30 Cal. Rptr. 2d (Ct. App. 1994). In this case, the husband and wife, Robert and Cynthia Moschetta, entered into a traditional surrogacy arrangement in which Ms. ElviraJohnson, the surrogate, was impregnated with Mr. Moschetta sperm with the prior understanding that theresulting child would legally be the child of Mr. Moschetta. Ms. Johnson also agreed to terminate her parentalrights, and Mrs. Moschetta would then adopt the child. After the baby was born, the marriage deteriorated, andMr. Moschetta filed for divorce. The court was asked to determine the parental rights of the wife and thesurrogate. The trial court held that Mr. Moschetta and Ms. Johnson were the legal parents of the child and shouldhave joint custody. Mr. Moschetta appealed stating that contends that his wife is the legal mother.The California Court of Appeals held that according to the state statute, the surrogate is the legal and natural mother genetically and by giving birth. The court noted that this case differed from the Johnson case since thewife, Ms. Moschetta, was not the child’s genetic or biological mother. The court reasoned that since the statestatute was clear there was no further need to look to the ruling in Johnson, and therefore held that the surrogate,Ms. Johnson, was the legal mother.l Rights Reserved.The third case is In re Marriage of Buzzanca, 72 Cal. Rptr. 2d 280 (Ct. App. 1998), reviewed denied (June 10, 1998). In this case, the Buzzancas, a married couple, agreed to have an embryo genetically unrelated to themimplanted in a woman, the surrogate, who would carry and give birth to the child for the couple. Before the birth,the Buzzancas split up, and the question before the trial court was who were the lawful parents. The trial courtdetermined that the child had no lawful parents. The parties appealed.The California Court of Appeals held that Mr. Buzzanca was the lawful father because “… there are times when fatherhood can be established by conduct apart from giving birth or being genetically related to a child” (Id. at 282).The court relied on the finding in Johnson and found that Ms. Buzzanca was the lawful mother. The court held that:…just as a husband is deemed to be the lawful father unrelated to him when his wife gives birth after artificial insemination, so should a husband and wife be deemed the lawful parent of a child after a surrogate bears a biologicallyunrelated child on their behalf. In each instant, a child is procreated because of a medical procedure was initiated andconsented to by intended parents (Id).Summary of the Three California CasesIn the three California cases, the courts first looked to the California state statute to help determine the legal status of parties. The courts also looked at the intention of the parties at the time they entered into a surrogacyarrangement to help determine the legal parent(s) of the child.In Johnson, although the surrogate was the birth mother, she had no genetic connection to the child. Relying on the statute and the intentions of the parties, the California Supreme court held that the husband and wife werethe legal parents.In Moschetta, the surrogate was the birth mother and was genetically connected to the child. The court,154A COMPARISON OF THREE SURROGACY AGREEMENT CASES USING AHPrelying on the statute, held that the husband and the surrogate were the legal parents. The court did not followJohnson, since the surrogate in this case had the genetic connection.In In re Marriage of Buzzanca, a genetic connection did not exist for any of the parties to the surrogate arrangement. The court, relying on Johnson, looked at the intent of the parties and held that the husband and wifewere the lawful parents.Application of Existing Law to Hypothetical CasesHypothetical Case 1The Facts:Husband and wife cannot conceive. They enter into a traditional surrogacy arrangement with a woman who has agreed to be artificially inseminated with the husband’s sperm and to terminate her parental rights upondelivery. However, after delivery, the surrogate decides that she wants to keep the child.Analysis based upon the three legal cases:Based upon the existing case law, it would appear that the Moschetta case would be followed since the facts in the hypothetical and the actual case are the same. The surrogate in the birth mother and is genetically connectedto the child.Hypothetical Case 2The Facts:Husband and wife cannot conceive. They enter into a gestational surrogacy arrangement where the wife’s egg, inseminated with the husband’s sperm, was transferred into the uterus of another woman, the surrogate, whoagreed to terminate her parental rights. When the surrogate is seven months pregnant, the marital relationsl Rights Reserved.between the husband and wife deteriorates. The wife decides she does not want the child and will terminate herparental rights. She files for divorce. The husband still wants the child; however, upon hearing about the divorce,the surrogate decides not to terminate her parental rights.Analysis based upon the three legal cases:Based upon the existing case law, it would appear that the Johnson case might be followed since facts in hypothetical and in Johnson are similar since the surrogate had no genetic connection to the child. Therefore,applying the case law to this hypothetical, the legal parent would be the father.Hypothetical Case 3The Facts:Husband and wife cannot conceive. They enter into a traditional surrogacy arrangement with a woman who has agreed to be artificially inseminated with the husband’s sperm.The surrogate carries the baby for two months. During a routine examination, it is determined that the fetus has a medical issue. The surrogate wants to abort the fetus.Analysis based upon the three legal cases:The California courts have not addressed this issue. However, the California Court of Appeals discussed that enforcing a surrogate contract could lead to many legal problems and questioned:What if a surrogate mother took drugs or alcohol during her pregnancy in violation of her contract? Or wanted and abortion? Could the contract be enforced by court order and subsequent contempt? Would there be a “surrogatemother’s tank” in the local jail. In re Marriage of Moschetta, 30 Cal. Rptr. 2d 893, 903 & n.23 (Ct. App.1994).A COMPARISON OF THREE SURROGACY AGREEMENT CASES USING AHP 155The Three Hypothetical Case Study Models With Weights and Outcomes The three cases were developed into the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Models, which is a methodology developed by Thomas Saaty (Saaty, 1994). The process allows users to enter judgments via apair-wise comparison mode to derive the relative priorities of the criteria and the alternatives. The criteria thatwere considered in the hypothetical cases included: ethical, health and legal. The alternatives considered were:parental rights, custody rights, carrying to term and abortion. After the judgments were entered, the model wassynthesized to determine the overall best alternative for each individual case. Depending on the background ofthe case, the priorities changed due to different scenarios. The findings are listed in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3.Table 1Hypothetical Case 1 ModelCriteria Overall criteria priority Surrogate legal parent Father legal parent Both legal parentsHealth issues 0.069 0.111 0.111 0.778Legal issues 0.348 0.111 0.111 0.778Ethical issues 0.582 0.107 0.107 0.776Overall alternative priority 0.109 0.115 0.777Since there were no real health issues, except for those associated with a normal pregnancy, this criterion weighted low in the overall model. However, the fact that the health and the overall well-being of the child is bestserved by having both parents, this criterion was factored in the overall decision. In terms of the alternatives, both thehusband (the father) and the surrogate are the biological parents. Therefore, both have parental rights over the childbased upon the current case law. When weighing in the ethical factor, sharing parental rights was the overall best l Rights Reserved.decision. Note, in this hypothetical, abortion was not an option since the biological parents wanted to keep the child.Table 2Hypothetical Case 2 ModelCriteria Overall criteria priority Surrogate legal parent Father legal parent Both legal parentsHealth issues 0.062 0.319 0.221 0.460Legal issues 0.653 0.076 0.766 0.158Ethical issues 0.285 0.349 0.168 0.484Overall alternative priority 0.199 0.496 0.306As in case 2, there are no health issues, and therefore that criterion weighted low. However, the legal criterion is more important than the ethical. In this case, the husband and the wife are the biological parents. Yet,the wife terminated her rights and now the surrogate, who has no genetic connection to the child, seeks parentalrights.Although allowing parental rights for the surrogate was weighted high in terms of ethics, because of thehigh weight of the legal issues, the overall decision would be for only the father to have parental rights. Note, inthis case, abortion was not an option because both the father and the surrogate wanted to keep the child.In case 3, the ethical issues weighted the highest, with legal the next highest, because the husband and wife still want the child even though the child will have a medical issue. Although the health criterion should, at firstglance, be a priority, it weighted low. This resulted because of the ethical decision by the couple to keep the childeven though the child will have a medical condition. However, in the overall decision, abortion came out to be thebest alternative. Even with respect to the ethical and legal issues, it still weighted high. In fact, abortion was the156A COMPARISON OF THREE SURROGACY AGREEMENT CASES USING AHPbest alternative with respect to each criterion.Table 3Hypothetical Case 3 ModelCriteria Overall criteria priority Abort Carry to termHealth issues 0.088 0.875 0.125Legal issues 0.243 0.857 0.143Ethical issues 0.669 0.667 0.333Overall alternative priority 0.721 0.279Conclusions and Future ResearchThe Analytic Hierarchy Process, as developed by Saaty (1994), is a methodology used to assist in high-level decision-making. AHP allows decision-makers to weigh criteria based on their own opinions and thoughts. Thispaper employed the usage of AHP methodology to analyze three related hypothetical cases involving parentalrights and surrogacy. Judgments for each stakeholder were made based on the following components: legal,ethical, and health. The judgments were then assessed and evaluated to determine which criterion weighedhighest for each stakeholder.The researchers would like to explore the assistance of AHP models using these and other case studies in the classroom to discuss the tradeoffs with students when making decisions. We would also like to find a current casein litigation to see if our model comes to the same conclusions as the court. However, this presents challenges. Asindicated in the current case law, the court looks at the biological connection of the parties to the child and thenwill examine the intent of the parties in determining parental rights.l Rights Reserved.ReferencesExpert Choice Software ©. (2000).Hames, J., & Ekern, Y. (2006). Introduction to law (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.In re Marriage of Buzzanca, 72 Cal. Rptr. 2d 280 (Ct. App. 1998).In re Marriage of Moschetta, 30 Cal. Rptr. 2d (Ct. App. 1994).Johnson v. Calvert, 851 P.2d 776 (Cal. 1993).Knott, C. L., Ninassi, S., & Eisenhardt, A. (2009). Using the analytic hierarchy process to look at the tradeoffs in the case of surrogacy when the initial intention of the parties involved change after the pregnancy has ensued. In the proceedings of the39th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Decision Science Institute, Charleston, South Carolina, February 18-20, 2009.Planned Parenthood Affiliates of California Inc. (2004). Health Center. Abortion at the First Trimester. Retrieved from Saaty, T. L. (1994). Fundamentals of decision making and priority theory with the analytic hierarchy process. Analytic Hierarchy Process Series, I-VI. Pittsburgh, PA: RWS Publications.。

发表international business review-概述说明以及解释

发表international business review-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述概述国际商业是指在全球范围内进行的经济交流和商业活动。

随着全球化的不断推进，国际商业变得愈发重要，对全球经济的发展起着至关重要的作用。

本文将对国际商业的定义、重要性以及其中的挑战和机遇进行深入探讨。

首先，我们将详细介绍国际商业的含义和范围，以便读者对其有一个清晰的理解。

然后，我们将探讨国际商业的重要性，包括它对全球经济增长、就业和贸易的影响。

接下来，我们将讨论国际商业所面临的挑战，例如政治风险、文化差异和法律法规的不一致性。

同时，我们也会探讨在这些挑战中所蕴藏的机遇，如全球市场的扩张、技术进步与创新带来的便利等。

通过本文的阐述，读者将更加全面地了解国际商业的核心概念和其在当今全球化时代的重要性。

同时，我们也希望能够引发对于国际商业未来展望的思考，探究如何应对挑战并抓住机遇，从而促进更加健康和可持续的全球商业发展。

在下一节中，我们将开始详细讨论国际商业的定义和重要性。

1.2 文章结构文章结构部分的内容可以包括以下内容：文章的结构对于读者来说是非常重要的，它可以帮助读者更好地理解文章的内容和组织框架。

本文将按照以下几个部分来组织：首先，本文将在引言部分概述国际商业的背景和重要性，以便读者可以对国际商业有一个基本的了解。

在这一部分，我们将介绍国际商业的定义，并探讨国际商业在全球化时代的重要性和影响。

接下来，主要部分将涵盖国际商业的挑战和机遇。

在这一部分，我们将详细探讨国际商业所面临的各种挑战，例如政治不稳定、经济风险和文化差异等。

同时，我们也将分析国际商业所带来的机遇，例如市场扩大和资源整合等。

通过对这些挑战和机遇的深入研究，我们将能够更好地了解国际商业的复杂性和多样性。

最后，在结论部分，我们将对本文进行总结，并展望未来国际商业的发展趋势。

我们将简要回顾本文的主要观点和论证，并提供对国际商业未来发展的一些预测和建议。

On the Difficulties and Countermeasures of Busines

On the Difficulties and Countermeasures of Business Analysis in Enterprise Management Zeyuan WANG, Yang CAOChina Pharmaceutical UniversityAbstract: At present, enterprises are facing with various business risks in the pro-cess of development. How to make investment decisions and management deci-sions will affect the normal development of enterprises. In order to promote the healthy development of the enterprise, it is necessary for the enterprise to deal with various management problems and optimize the management system. On this basis, this paper makes some exploration on the relevant problems of business analysis in enterprise management, so as to better promote the healthy development of Chinese enterprises.Key words: Business analysis; Enterprise management; Healthy development DOI: 10.12184/wspciWSP2516-252704.20190304 1. Significance of Business Analysis for Enterprise Manage-menthina is in the critical period of deepening economic reform, economic growth has entered into the normal development, its growth has slowed down signifi-cantly, and the domestic economic structure is also in the critical period of upgrad-ing and adjustment, which requires enterprises to constantly tap their own ad-vantages and reform their own unreasonable system structure according to their own internal conditions, so as to better promote the development of enterprises. With the rapid development of the times, all circles of enterprises have realized the importance of business analysis. But at present, the role of financial personnel in the financial management of enterprises is becoming more and more marginal,About the author: Zeyuan WANG (1995-08), Male, Han, Henan Xinxiang, School of In-ternational Pharmaceutical Business, Postgraduate student, Research Fields: Enterprise management and diagnosis consultationCorresponding author: Yang CAO ，Professor, Management of pharmaceutical enter-prises.C All Rights Reserved.On the Difficulties and Countermeasures of Business Analysis in Enterprise Management which requires enterprises to actively change the thinking of financial managementaccording to their own actual situation. From the perspective of enterprises, it is thegeneral trend that management accounting talents who “understand finance, man-agement and business” are more needed. Therefore, only when enterprises attachimportance to business analysis can they better grasp the development of the mar-ket, thus formulating more reasonable management plans and promoting thehealthy development of enterprises.2. Difficulties in the Application of Business Analysis in Enter-prise Management(1) Steps of business analysisAccording to the effective analysis of the production and operation of most enterprises in our country, there are some problems in the operation analysis stepsin our country. At present, most of the implementation steps in China mainly in-clude: Determining the basic strategy and framework of enterprise operation analy-sis, collecting and sorting out the relevant data and information of the enterprise,and calculating the KPI index of the collected data, comparing the difference be-tween the calculation results and the historical data of the same period, analyzing All Rights Reserved.and comparing the budget data information, analyzing the reasons behind the datathrough analysis algorithms and analysis software, reasonably formulating relevantimprovement measures and improvement schemes according to the principles, andimplementing the implementation of relevant improvement schemes. However,many enterprises do not fully follow the corresponding steps to carry out their work,and they tend to pay more attention to the final production efficiency, withoutin-depth analysis of the relevant steps and tracking the implementation of the rele-vant improvement programs, which is very unfavorable to the development of en-terprises. In addition, ignoring the relevant steps of business analysis is also veryunfavorable to the development of business and production work, and can notguarantee the normal development of other work.(2) Methods and contents of business analysisThrough the analysis of business methods of various enterprises, we find that many enterprises mainly use the traditional template as the main method in theprocess of business analysis, but this analysis method is very single and rigid, andthe data analysis report is not very complete, leading to the final analysis resultswithout certain reference value. The result of the final business analysis can notreflect the law of the original data, and has no substantive impact on the develop-ment of various tasks of the enterprise. In the process of applying business analysisCreativity and Innovation Vol.3 No.4 2019to management, the main contents of the company include the company’s financialability, development direction, management strategy, profitability, production ca-pacity and management ability, as well as the company’s stability. However, themain energy and key work of many enterprises are focused on improving the prof-itability and operation ability of enterprises, and lack of sufficient mining andanalysis of financial data, which leads to too formal operation of enterprises andeven affects the management of enterprises.3. Some Suggestions on Strengthening Business Analysis inEnterprise Management(1) Steps for optimizing business analysisWhen companies apply business analysis to financial management, they need to optimize the steps they need to perform. First of all, we should fully understandand grasp the company’s development strategic objectives and current actual busi-ness situation, grasp the latest development trend of business analysis, and providefavorable support for the optimization of the company’s business analysis steps.Second, we should improve the relevant mechanisms and systems. In the develop-ment process of business analysis, we must constantly improve every step of the All Rights Reserved.system according to the actual situation, and strictly implement business analysis inaccordance with the corresponding norms and standards to ensure the orderly de-velopment of the work. Finally, in the actual implementation process of businessanalysis, we should fully understand the real situation of business operation, clarifythe key points and difficulties of work, and improve the scientificity, rationality andcomprehensiveness of business analysis. The third is to need the financial man-agement work of the enterprise. The business analysis is mainly to analyze the rel-evant situation of the financial operation of the enterprise, reflect the various risksand challenges that the enterprise needs to face in the development process throughthe financial data, so as to excavate the potential laws behind according to the data,to formulate the corresponding management plan and better help the enterprise outof the dilemma. Fourth, we need to give full play to the role of business analysis inmanagement accounting, because management accounting is an organic combina-tion of accounting and management. It is a process of helping enterprises to obtainhigher profits according to enterprise objectives. And it can optimize the allocationof various resources of enterprises, thus improving the enthusiasm of enterprisepersonnel and better helping enterprises to obtain economic benefits.(2) Strengthening the construction of human resources talent teamIn order to better play the role of business analysis in the process of enterpriseOn the Difficulties and Countermeasures of Business Analysis in Enterprise Management management, enterprises need to strengthen the construction of talent team. First,they should strengthen the training and evidence collection of all kinds of personnel.The construction industry has a high requirement for professional qualifications.The introduction of external training institutions, the enhancement of training andevidence collection for all kinds of personnel, and the increase of the proportion oflicensed practitioners are conducive to alleviate the shortage of human resources inenterprises and the mismatch of personnel and posts. The second is to unblock thechannels for talent promotion. Smooth channels for talent promotion are the bestway to encourage talent officers to start their own businesses. Construction enter-prises should improve the promotion channel system based on technology, man-agement and skills, so that all kinds of personnel can make the best of their talentsand play the largest role. Third, clear assessment and evaluation standards for allkinds of personnel. Different assessment standards are formulated for differentpersonnel, and classified assessment is the basis of human resource management.Construction enterprises also need to combine incentives with constraints to classi-fy the examiners. Fourth, strengthen the recruitment of talents in short supply. Forthe situation that construction industry is short of business and technical personnel,they can be supplemented through external recruitment and other forms In the pro-cess of organizing and constructing the organizational structure, enterprises should All Rights Reserved.reasonably allocate the responsibilities of each department. In the process of divi-sion of responsibilities, it is better not to cross responsibilities and tasks, so as toimprove the work efficiency of each department.(3) Strengthening risk managementEnterprise risk prevention and control management plays a vital role in busi-ness analysis and enterprise management. The market economy system is not per-fect, but also faces the impact of various foreign trade protection, which bringsvarious challenges to development. Enterprises need to face huge risks and chal-lenges in the process of formulating various strategic measures. Good businessanalysis can conduct reliable data collection and data analysis for potential risks,timely discover the laws behind the data according to the relevant technologies ofbig data, formulate more targeted plans, help enterprises adjust their developmentdirection, better help enterprises avoid risks, and finally gain the initiative of themarket. In addition, they should give full play to the role of risk management inbusiness management, effectively assess the internal and external risks that affectthe development strategy and business objectives of the enterprise through the useof relevant analysis technology and analysis software, so as to improve and estab-lish more reasonable risk management and control strategies accordingly. Effec-tively ensure that the total risk of the enterprise development strategy and the bene-Creativity and Innovation Vol.3 No.4 2019fit of the overall goal of the enterprise are in a certain proportion. Generally speak-ing, in the process of major investment, it is necessary to ensure that the risk factorsare within the enterprise’s tolerable range, and that the enterprise will not suffermajor economic losses due to a single risk investment. At the same time, theyshould ensure the effectiveness of operation and management, improve the effi-ciency and effect of operation activities, reduce the uncertainty of realizing opera-tion objectives, and provide reasonable guarantee for the realization of enterprisestrategy and operation objectives. Finally, they should do a good job in enterpriserisk management, they are not only necessary to strengthen the construction andmanagement of various information systems and introduce more advanced dataanalysis technologies, but also should strengthen the utilization and allocation ofhuman resources, actively collect and summarize the data resources of relevantcases and the financial information of the enterprise’s own development, so as tostrengthen the control of the enterprise in various production links and ensurehealthy and stable operation of the enterprise.4. ConclusionTo sum up, a good business analysis plays the most important role in the de-All Rights Reserved.velopment of an enterprise, but in the application process, the influence of variousproblems needs to be considered, and enterprises also need to formulate appropriatedevelopment strategies according to their own actual situation, so as to promote thesound and rapid development of enterprises.Works Cited[1] Leng Sainan. “Difficulties and countermeasures of business analysis in enterprisemanagement”. Low Carbon World,2018 (2).[2] Luo Xiaoyu. “On the role, difficulties and countermeasures of business analysis inenterprise management”. Chinese and Foreign Entrepreneurs, 2016 (20): 95-96.[3]Ma Qian, Liu Shaohua. “On the role, difficulties and countermeasures of businessanalysis in enterprise management”. Modernization of Shopping Mall, 2015 (1):96-97.[4] Yuan Ling. “Research and analysis on the transformation of enterprise financialaccounting to management accounting under the background of big data”. Scienceand Technology Economic Market, 2019 (09): 37-38.[5] Lu Xu. “Exploring the transformation strategy of financial accounting to manage-ment accounting under the background of big data”. China Management In-formatization, 2019, 22 (19): 10-11.。

中国投资尽职调查(英文)

Areas of Due Diligence - Direct
Financial & Commercial due diligence
Historical financial data Quality of historical data Review of forecasts & business plans Appropriateness of accounting policies Balance sheet exposures Quality of assets Working capital requirements Impact of different scenarios
Areas of Due Diligence - Direct
Real Estate
Valuations Quality & suitability of buildings Property taxes Insurance requirements Ownership & documentation
Source: Alan Turley U.S. & Foreign Commercial Service, Beijing
The Long and Winding Road…
Gathering commercial information in China is difficult
Consider… Language & cultural barriers
Areas of Due Diligence - Direct
Miscellaneous
Fraud investigations Company/individual investigations (background & qualifications) IP registrations Competitive intelligence Undisclosed business interests search

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(1)国内: (1)国内: 国内国内所有通航城市始发的国内/国际航班国际航班; 国内所有通航城市始发的国内国际航班; （2）国航已开通电子客票业务的境外通航点(37): ）国航已开通电子客票业务的境外通航点(37): LAX、SFO、NYC、YVR、SEL、FRA、MUC、、、、、、、、 HKG、SIN、KUL、DEL、LON、JKT、ROM、、、、、、、、 MIL、STO、PUS、TAE、PAR、NGO、SDJ、、、、、、、、 HIJ、OSA、FUK、SPK、ULN、DXB、BKK、、、、、、、、 MFM、KTM、SGN、MAD、SAO、SYD、、、、、、、 MEL、TYO、KWI 、、
DETR：C2（要控制权）
DETR:TN/999-2407827991 ISSUED BY: AIR CHINA ORG/DST: PEK/TPE ISI: SITI ARL-I E/R: TEST TOUR CODE: PASSENGER: TEST/TEST EXCH: CONJ TKT: O FM:1PEK CA 101 Y 04SEP 0800 OK YB 20K OPEN FOR USE RL:K9H0M / O TO:2HKG CX 466 Y 04SEP 1340 OK YB 20K OPEN FOR USE RL:K9H0M / TO: TPE FC: 31OCT05PEK CA HKG710.00CX TPE710.00CNY1420.00END FARE: CNY 1420.00|FOP:CASH(CNY) TAX: CNY 50.00CN|OI: TAX: CNY 20.00YQ| TOTAL: CNY 1490.00|TKTN: 999-2407827991

中国国际中小企业博览会常用词汇翻译(中英文版)

增进了解，加强合作，
扩大交流，共同发展
58
Large and small, opportunities for all
小中见大，博览天下
59
The Organizing Committee of CISMEF
中国国际中小企业会组
委会
60
The Secretariat of CISMEF Organizing Committee
中国国际中小企业博览
会事务局
19
Chห้องสมุดไป่ตู้na International Cooperation
Association of Small and
Medium Enterprises
中国中小企业国际合作
协会
20
China Private-Owned Business
Association
中国个体劳动者协会
嘉宾国：俄罗斯
10
(SME Bureau) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
工业和信息化部（中小
企业局）
11
State Administration for Market
国家市场监督管理总局
Regulation
12
People's Government of
东行—走进中东系列活
动
49
SME Informatization Application Promotion Activity and Informatization Forum
中小企业信息化应用推
广活动暨信息化论坛
50
Asia Pacific ICT Alliance

亚马逊邮件回复模板1

Dear,I am very sorry, we ship from China, beacuse of the stong and heavy sno w, factory has to stop working and the Chinese traditional Festival is on the way, our supplier is going to have holiday. So I think, give you full refund rather than wait for long time, will be better.Sorry for any inonvenience.要好评邮件Hi here,Thanks for your support to purchase our products, and we would like to m ake improvements in terms of products, service, quality, sourcing, etc.It would be highly appreciated if you could leave us a positive feedback and product review which will be a great encouragement for us to do be tter in the future.Please feel free to contact us, if there is anything we can do for you. Sorry for any inconvenience caused.Have a nice holiday! ^.^Best regardsDear,Sorry to trouble you . We ship from china, and the estimate delivery dat e is ( January 15, 2016 - Feb 3,2016) in Amazon,sorry for the long time,but begyour understanding!We sell abiding by Amazon sales rules. Hope you can und erstand and support our business.Really sorry for this. We have given you a refund. Pls check your account later. Any question pls contact me, I am here for you all the time.Thanks for your support and understanding! Have a nice day! :)BemallHi here,Sorry to trouble you again. We ship from Hongkong, and the estimate deliv ery date is ( Monday, January 4, 2016 -Wednesday, January 20, 2016 ) in Amazon. Sorry for the long time, but beg your understanding! We sell abiding by Amazon sales rules. Hope you c an understand and support our businessHiI have contacted customer already and with the inform of estimate delivery date, sorry but please check it again. Thank you Hi here,Sorry to trouble you,It is said shipping time too long, I have checked the order already, it is in the standard delivery time, and have contacted the customer to explain for this issue. We have given the customer full refund.Have a nice day! :) hope a nice year for both you and me! 要好评Hello,Thanks for your continuous support to our products, and we would like to make improvement in terms of service,quality,sourcing,etc.It would be highly appreciated if you could leave us a positive feedback and product review that is a great encouragement for us.Please kindly to contact us, if there is anything support needs.Sorry for any inconvenience caused.Have a nice dayQBest regardsDear,Do not worry,We will send you the Correct product.We have send you the Tibet bracelet which you buy,not a p endant.Dear,we have cancel the order,and have give you a refund.please check your account later. 差评邮件Dear,Sorry to trouble you again. I am writing to confirm that have you received therefund yet?And could you please remove the feedback as an important support and encouragement?I am a new seller and just out of college in June，2015. As a proverb says"Everyone deserves a second chance." could you please give me the second chance?Look forward to your reply. Thanks for your support and understanding! Wish ahappy life！Kindness regards,kubaier已经退款，求好评Dear,First of all, please accept my deepest apologies for the long delivery time.As aseller, we really hope every clients could be satisfied with our product and services, and the product could be arrived on time. But the item shipped from China. It's along way, the logistics can't be controlled. I can totally understand your feeling ifI were you. And beg your understanding, too.Really sorry for this. We have given you a refund.I am a new seller and just out of college in June，2015. It is my first job,maybe I could not do better than the other sellers, but I will do my best to do mywork to improve product and service. And will be very grateful if you can leave me a5 star feedback if you are satisfied with my service.Happy New Year! Hope a nice year for both you and me!Have a nice day :)Best regardskubaierDear,Sorry to trouble you again.I am writing to confirm that have you received the refund yet? And pls let me know if there are something I can do for you.Really sorry for the delay and my poor service. Beg your forgiving and understanding!And could you please remove the feedback as an important support and encouragement?Look forward to your reply. Thanks for your support and understanding! Wish a happy life！Kindness regards,AmstyleHello,First of all, please accept my deepest apologies for your unsatisfaction. We are really sorry about the trouble. For this part give you big problem, we are really sorry.I am a new seller and just out of college. It is my first job, maybe I could not do better than the other sellers, but I will do my best to do my work to improve product and service.We have given you a refund. Pls check your account later.And could you please remove the feedback as an important support and encouragement?Look forward to your reply. Thanks for your support and understanding! Wish a happy life！Kindness regards,amstyleDear> In light where there is a sheet, you need to remove the thin, light can be purchased to work！you can try. If still not work, pls contact me,Thanks for your support and understanding!DearReally sorry for this.Pls try the button on the button of the helmet, if does not work, pls change a new battery. Hope this helps. If still not work, pls contact me, will soon resend or refund it to you. Really sorry for this. Beg your understanding!Thanks in advance. Have a nice day! :)Best regardsamstyleHi here,You misunderstood me，I have already given you a refund。