07_verbs and verb phrases
英语语法Verb and Verb Phrase
Jim knows Chinese.
Notes
The above-mentioned stative can sometimes be used dynamically.
1) The verb “be” and the verb “have” are in most cases used as stative verbs, but when “be” is not used as a linking verb and “have” is not used in the sense of “possession”, they are dynamic verbs and therefore admit of the progressive aspect, eg: He is being foolish (=is acting foolishly). We’re having a wonderful time (= are enjoying ourselves).
He resembles his father. / He is resembling his father (= is becoming more and more like his father) as the years go by.
This camera costs 140 dollars. / This mistake is costing us dearly (=is bring great injury to us).
people.
c) The third subclass includes verbs that refer to a sense perception, such as hear, see, feel, taste, smell, etc:
《大学英语语法》课件—07Phrases Prepositional phrase
• My older daughter graduated from school. • She then took a job. • My older daughter took a job after school.
• When I studied, I had many questions about my selective courses.
modifies the verb.)
2.3. As a noun When used in conjunction with the verb form to be, the
prepositional phrase functions as a noun and acts as a predictive to express the existence or state of being of the subject.
• “Coming!" Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.
Verbs &verb phrase
SVOC
• The jury found the defender not guilty. • You should keep the room clean all the time.
SVOA
The Chinese treat old people with great respect. I put the book on the shelf.
Intransitive Verb
• The president is speaking.(SV) • Betty and Sue have lived in Atlanta since 1975.(SVA) • The musician performs in Boston next month.(SVA)
• The new lamp gave us more light.(SVOO) • The new lamp gave more light to us. • I will lend you my typerighter. • I will lend my typewrighter to you.
• • • •
I wish you good luck. I'll never forgive you that lie. I envy you your health. She didn't want to cause you any inconvenience. • The suit cost me 60 dollars.
Verb+Noun+Preposition
• Keep an eye on the baby while I am out． • She soon realized that she was being made fun of. • I will take care of your children when you are away. • They are taking full advantage of the favourable situation to increase exports.
verbs and verb phrases
A survey of tense, aspect, voice and mood
Tense is a grammatical form associated with verbs that tells of the distinctions of time; that is to say, tense and time are at once related and different. Time is a universal concept with three divisions: past time, present time and future time.
Single-word verbs and phrasal verbs
A phrasal verb is a verb that is composed of two or more words. Phrasal verbs are sub-classified into three categories. a. Verb + preposition He couldn’t account for his long absence from school. In the valley we came across a group of Mexicans. The police are looking into the case.
Verb and Verb Phrase
Classification of verbs
Main verb Primary auxiliary Roles played in the formation auxiliaries Modal auxiliary
Semi-auxiliary
外研版英语必修一第一模块语法课件
Positive Pronouns show ownership or position and are formed by adding an apostrophe+s to the personal pronoun (my, your, his, her, its, our, their)
03 Pronoun
Pronoun classification and function
Pronoun Definition
Classification
Function
Pronouns are words that replace nouns or noun phrases to avoid repetition or to make senses more consensus
Advancements classification and function
• Advancements of Time: They answered the question "When?" and describe the time at which an action occurs For instance, "yesterday," "today," "tomorrow," "often," or "never."
English Compulsory Course I Grammar Courseware of Foreign Language Research Edition
目 录
• Introduction • Articles and Nouns • Pronoun • Subjects and advertisements • Verbs and verb phrases • Sentence components and types • Grammar practice and consolidation
verb and verb phrase
Verb and verb phrase
注意：
动词分类涉及很多语法 现象和语义问题，要树立一个 清晰的语法概念，通常要由动 词的分类入入手，而动词的分 类又要从不同的角度入手。
动词分类（一）
1.按其在构成动词词组中所起作用来分，分为主动词 （Main Verb）又叫实义动词和助动词（Auxiliary） 两大类。 2.动词词组又分为简单动词词组（ simple verb phrase）和复杂动词词组(complex verb phrase) 两大类。 动词词组:以主动词为中心词的词组。 简单动词词组：仅由一个主动词构成的动词词组。 复杂动词词组：由一个或一个以上的助动词+主动词构 成的动词词组。
式
陈述式（indicative mood） 常用于 陈述 句，疑问句 中。 祈使式（imperative mood） 表示 要求，命令，指示，劝告等。 虚拟式（subjunctive mood） 专门表达 假设或 非事实意义。
4.限定动词词组和非限定动词词组
限定动词词组： 构成动词词组的第一个词是限定动词的动词 词组。如has, is doing,… 非限定动词词组: 所有由不定式、-ing分词 或-ed分词 等分 限定的动词开首的动词词组。 如 (to) do, (to) have done,…
…
(3)半助动词：指兼有主动词和助动词特 征的语法结构，如have to, seem to
类的结构，一方面可与主动词搭配构成复杂动 词词组，并表示情态意义，从而像是情态动 词；另一方面又能与助动词搭配，像是主动 词，而不完全像情态助动词。 Eg: I have to buy a new car. I don’t have to buy a new car. He didn’t seem to love her.
2012 Verb and verb phrases
A
The job has been done. A
She is being kind today. N
I have been working here for 10 years. A I have no friend here. N
I’d like to have a talk with you.
Identify the type of the underlined verbs in terms of their lexical meaning
She works at a chemical factory. She is working at a chemical factory. The weather has changed a lot. The weather is changing for the better.
She bent down and smelt the flowers. I've got a cold and I can't smell.
vi.
vi.
The room smelled to high heaven.
1.3 Dynamic verbs and stative verbs
With transitional verbs, the non-progressive form indicates a single movement and the progressive form a repeated movement. F
Stative verbs are normally incompatible with the progressive except in certain cases where there is a transfer of meaning. T
英语语法教程13.Verb and Verb Phrases (5) Tenses Different Tense Forms in
13.4 The simple past and past progressive
A) When the simple past and past progressive are used to refer to a certain activity, the former denotes “completion”, while the latter indicates “incompleteness”. B) Note the usual collocation of the simple past or past progressive with “as”, “while” or “when”.
B) The simple present indicates something true, whereas the simple future refers to one’s supposition or judgment. C) The simple present is usually used to refer to a future event in an “if” clause; when the simple future form is used in such a clause, it sounds more moderate and more polite.
13.7.3 Transformations caused by the shift of direct speech to indirect speech A) The formula in 13.7.2 is applicable here. B) Apart from the transformations in various tense forms, other changes in pronouns, determiners, time and place terms, etc. will take place accordingly.
新编英语语法教程Verb and Verb Phrase
Classification
According to lexical meanings, main verbs can be divided into dynamic and stative verbs. Dynamic verbs:
a. durative: non-progressive, progressive b. transitional: non-progressive, progressive c. momentary: non-progressive √ progressive? a. be, have (facts or possession) b. apply to, belong to, differ from, weigh, measure, etc. c. hear, see, feel, taste, smell (sense perception) d. think, consider, hope, know, remember, love, etc. (mental or emotional state)
When a stative verb is used in progressive forms, it expresses dynamic meaning or politeness.
Classification
According to word formation, main verbs can be divided into single-word verb and phrasal verb. Phrasal verb/ verbal idiom: a. verb + preposition account for, agree with/ to, come across/ about/…, rely on, take to, etc. b. verb + adverb particle blow up, bring up, call off, take over, etc. c. verb+ adverb particle + preposition come over to, fill in for, get away with, put up with, make up for, etc.
英语语法Verb and Verb Phrase
• 4. Single-word verbs and phrasal verbs • 5. Finite verbs and non-finite verbs • 6. Regular verbs and irregular verbs
• durative verbs
• transitional verbs and
• momentary verbs.
-- Dynamic verbs normally admit of both the progressive and the non-progressive aspect. With momentary verbs, the non-progressive form indicates a single movement and the progressive form a repeated movement.
Main verbs are also called notional verbs.
Main verbs usually function as the head of a verb phrase and indicate the basic meaning of a verb phrase
Main verbs can be sub classified into five types:
e.g. He teaches English. D) ditransitive (SVoO)
e.g. He teaches us English. E) complex transitive (SVOC)
verb phrase and phrasal verbs
Particle (小品词） negative ~: not, n’t infinitive ~: to (go) imperaБайду номын сангаасive ~: don’t, do, let, let’s adv. or prep. in phrasal verbs: (die) out
13.1.2 Structure dynamic verb: a verb denoting an action, process, etc. as opposed to a state. E.g. buy is dynamic, own, which denotes the resulting state, is stative.
vt. /vi. + prep. vt. /vi. + adv. vt. /vi. + adv. + prep.
verb phrase: a phrase whose head is a verb.
• •
•
•
I will see him tomorrow. I will see him tomorrow. I will see him tomorrow. I will see him tomorrow.
phrasal verb
verb phrase and phrasal verbs verbphrase: phrasewhose head seehim tomorrow. seehim tomorrow. seehim tomorrow. seehim tomorrow. phrasal verb anycombination morewords verb.e.g. take pictures englishwhich formedfrom adverbe.g. break out, look out, turn up particle (小品词) don't,do, let, let's phrasalverbs: (die) out 13.1.2 structure dynamic verb: verbdenoting action,process, etc. state.e.g. buy dynamic,own, which denotes resultingstate, vt./vi. vt./vi. vt./vi. --
英语中表达情感的方式
英语中表达情感的方式In English, expressing emotions can be done in a variety of ways, both in speech and in writing. Here are some common methods:1. Using Emotional Adjectives: These words directly describe feelings. For example:- Happy: "I'm thrilled about the news!"- Sad: "She was devastated by the loss."- Angry: "He was furious about the delay."2. Phrasal Verbs and Idioms: These are more colloquial and can convey a strong sense of emotion.- "My heart sank" when I heard the bad news.- "She lit up" when she walked into the room.3. Verbs and Verb Phrases: Verbs can be powerful in expressing how someone feels.- "He cheered up" after the good news.- "She broke down" in tears.4. Exclamations and Interjections: These are used for strong emotions and are often followed by exclamation marks.- "Wow! That's amazing!"- "Oh no! I can't believe it."5. Metaphors and Similes: Comparing emotions to other things can make them more vivid.- "Her smile was as bright as the sun."- "He felt as light as a feather."6. Body Language Expressions: Describing physical reactions to emotions.- "She was shaking with fear."- "He jumped for joy."7. Colloquial Language: Informal ways of expressing emotions that are common in spoken English.- "I'm on cloud nine."- "She's tickled pink."8. Questioning: Sometimes, questions can express emotions more effectively than statements.- "Why did this have to happen?"- "How could you do this to me?"9. Narrative and Storytelling: Describing a situation that led to a particular emotion.- "I felt a wave of relief wash over me when I found my lost keys."- "The moment I saw her, my heart skipped a beat."10. Using Hyperbole: Exaggeration for emphasis.- "I was so nervous, I felt like my heart was going to jump out of my chest."- "I was so happy, I could have danced all night."11. Contrasting Emotions: Describing a mix of feelings.- "She felt a bittersweet mix of joy and sadness at hergraduation."12. Using Conditionals: To express what would happen if a certain condition were met.- "I would be over the moon if I got the job."- "I would be heartbroken if I had to leave."Remember, the context and the audience play a significant role in choosing the appropriate way to express emotions in English. It's also important to consider the tone and the level of formality when conveying your feelings.。
verbs and verb phrases
Compare
The lights went out. He put on his coat and went out. S+V S+V+A
Mary came in with the coffee. The bomb went off with a deafening crash. He came out with a most extraordinary story.
agree with（与某人看法一致），agree to（同意）, come into（继承）, get after（追捕）, go about（做）, go for（争取）, rely on（依赖）, look after（照 顾）, resort to（诉诸）, see to（负责）, see about（料理）, take to（喜欢）…
He is being foolish. We’re having a wonderful time.
= He is acting foolishly. = We are enjoying ourselves.
I (can) feel a pin in it somewhere. I’m feeling this cushion. I’m hearing lectures at the university. He is seeing the sights.
c. Verb + adverb particle+ preposition I don’t want to come down with the flu again. Will this enthusiasm carry over to the next week? I will have to fill in for Wally until he gets back.
7. Verb and verb phrase
1.1.2 Modal auxiliaries
Class membership: can/could, may/might, will/would/ shall/should, must, ought to, dare, need, used to; Modal auxiliaries express modal meanings; their past tense forms do not necessarily express past time. In a finite verb phrase, we can use only one modal auxiliary which is invariably followed by the bare infinitive or the base form. e.g.
Semi-auxiliaries constitute ailiaries proper and main verbs. Semi-auxiliaries, such as have to and seem to, can help the main verb to form the complex verb phrase and express the modal meaning on the one hand, and can, when preceded by other auxiliaries, function as main verbs on the other. e.g.
英语语法教程17.Verb and Verb Phrases (9) The Subjunctive Mood and Condit
B) The pattern denoting “frequency” The conditional clause The main clause If + simple present / Simple present / -ed (simple past) -ed (simple past) C) The pattern denoting inference The verb forms in this pattern are flexible and the meanings are often determined by appropriate extension (of th “It is time …”
A) The past or past progressive tense forms are used in the clause following “It is time …”. B) Modifiers like “high”, “about”, “already”, etc. can be used before “time”. C) Note the difference between “It’s time + clause” and “It is time + infinitive”: The former has a colorful tone as to express kind of displeasure while the latter simply reminds somebody to do something.
B) The pattern denoting the idea that something will be impossible (in the future): The conditional clause The main clause If + ( were to + inf. / would + infinitive should + inf.+ future adverbial)
2021年上外版必修三-上外教英语第三册U4
Unit 4Life and TechnologyIn this unit, we are going to●discuss how modern technology change our lives●build awareness of people’s attitudes towards technology in different cultures●weigh the pros and cons of new technologies●make inferences while reading,use comparison and contrast in writing,and pause and collectthoughts in speakingReading ACan robot pets replace real pets? Read the story about a news reporter’s experience with a robot dog and find it out.LIFE WITH A ROBOT DOGWhen I first took the robot dog out of the box,I broke into a huge smile.This robot immediately became a “him,” not an “it.” I wanted to play with him. He certainly was a handsome-looking robot dog. He was sleek and polished and the size of a large puppy .His movements were also very dog-like. I watched him stretch, dance, jump around the room and chase a ball. It was fascinating how flexible and natural his movements were.To start with, the robot dog was hugely satisfying. He not only attracted me at first sight, but possessed some pretty impressive features as well. I could programme him to respond to a given name. By connecting his built-in camera to my computer screen, I could view the world through his eyes. I also had the option of deciding his stage of development—by programming him to be a demanding puppy or a mature adult dog. The best part of the experiences that the robot dog didn’t require the same care as a real dog. I didn’t have to clean up after him, feed him or walk him. I didn’t even have to play with him. He wouldn’t complain!When I looked at him, I saw a real dog and treated him like one. Without any hesitation, I played with him and stroked him affectionately. When he did something good, like dancing for me, I would pet him. I enjoyed watching his enthusiastic response to my attention. It felt perfectly natural. I showered him with love and he always responded happily. He evoked a strong emotional response in me.However, a true emotional connection is powerful and important—something that never really happened between me and my robot dog. The more I spent time with him, the more I realized that our relationship was limited. My enthusiasm started to die down. I grew increasingly frustrated with my inability to develop a mutual relationship with him. I stopped delighting in his simple movements. I couldn’t train him to respond to my commands, even though he was programmed to learn new tasks. I was constantly losing my patience and getting annoyed with him. He was supposed to be a robot, not a thick-headed terrier. I didn’t enjoy the challenge of training and disciplining a robot dog as if it were a living, breathing pup.I had tried to develop a relationship with a robot but had failed miserably. I eventually stopped referring to him as a “he,” and started calling him “the robot.” This robot dog may have been a huge success as a technological work of art—it was interactive, fun and impressive to watch—but as a pet dog, it let me down.和机器狗一起生活当我第一次把机器狗从盒子里拿出来时，我突然大笑起来。
词汇知识整合学第四章考试题
CHAPTER 41. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on_______.A. borrowingB. word-formationC. conversionD. the number of the people speaking English2. _______ doesn't belong to the most productive means of word-formation.A. AffixationB. CompoundingC. ConversionD. Blending3. Conversion gives us _______ of the new vocabulary.A. 30%B. 28%C. 26%D. 28% to 30%4. Word formation excludes _______.A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. chipping, acronymy and blendingD. repetition and alliteration5. The most productive word formation are _______.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. all the above6. Of the following word-formation processes, _______ is the most productive.A. clippingB. blendingC. initialismD. derivation7. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _______.A. compoundingB. affixationC. conversionD. shortening8. The prefixes in the words of irresistible, nonclassical and apolitical are called _______.A. reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes9. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or _______ to stems.A. affixesB. suffixes and prefixesC. inflectional affixesD. derivational affixes10. The words formed by affixation are called _______.A. affixesB. derivationsC. derivativesD. derivationals11. According to the _______ which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: prefixation and suffixation.A. functionsB. positionsC. waysD. none of the above12. Prefixes do not generally change the _______ of the stem but only modify its meaning.A. word-classB. meaningC. formD. structure13. Accordingly, prefixes are classified on a semantic basis into _______ groups.A.7B. 8C.9D. 1014. These are negative prefixes except _______.A. dis-B. in-C. non-D. under-15. "Ex-" in the word "ex-prisoner" is _______.A. free rootB. bound rootC. inflectional affixD. derivational affix16. All of the following are pejorative prefixes except _______.A. mal-B. arch¬C. pseudo-D. mis-17. The "de -" in "decompose" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a pejorative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. an orientation prefix18. The prefixes contained in the following words are called _______: pseudo, friend, malpractice, mistrust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes19. The prefixes in words anti-government, pro-student and contraflow are _______.A. prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes20. The prefixed contained in unwrap, de-compose and disallow are _______.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes21. The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and archbishop are _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes22. A subcutaneous infection is _______ the skin.A. on the surface ofB. aboveC. underD. below23. Some doctors prescribe medication to treat hyperactive children, because the children are extremely _______.A. activeB. passiveC. lazyD. diligent24. _______ of the given prefixes indicates number.A. fore-B. anti-C. semi-D. pan-25. The primary function of suffixes is to _______.A. change the word-class of rootsB. change the meaning of stemsC. change the grammatical function of stemsD. change the structure of roots26. The "auto" in "autobiography" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a pejorative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. a miscellaneous prefix27. The prefixes in words bilingual, uniform and hemisphere are _______.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes28. _______ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and forehead.A. Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size29. The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes30. Ex-student, foretell and post-election contain _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes31. Which of the following prefixes can not be used to indicate time and order?A. Ex-.B. Fore-.C. Post-.D. Para-.32. Which of the following is a case of suffixation?A. HemisphereB. AttemptC. NATOD. Respondent33. A multiplied insect has _______ feet.A. twoB. fourC. sixD. many34. A tricycle has _______ wheels.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. Four35. Which of the following belongs to number prefixes?A. Auto-.B. Mis-.C. Hemi-.D. Pre-.36. We usually group suffixes on a _______ basis into noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adjective suffixes, etc.A. grammatical C. meaningfulB. structural D. practical37. -eer, -er, -ess, -ette, -let are all suffixes added to noun bases to produce _______ nouns.A. abstract C. concreteB. de-verbal D. de-adjective38. These are adjective suffixes except _______.A. -ishB. -iveC. -aiD. -ance39. The word "courageous" is created by _______.A. noun suffixesB. adverb suffixesC. adjective suffixesD. verb suffixes40. The meanings of "comic" and "comical" are _______.A. sameB. identicalC. similarD. different41. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives?A. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.42. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _______.A. -fulB. -wiseC. -lessD. -like43. _______ of the following is not a verb suffix.A. -ateB. -enC. -edD.-fy44. The suffixes in words heighten, symbolize are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes45. The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes46. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in _______ aspects.A. phonetic featuresB. semantic featuresC. grammatical featuresD. all the above47. There are _______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. fourC. threeD. five48. " Washing machine" is a word formed by _______.A. prefixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blending49. "Law-abiding" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above50. "up-bringing" belongs to _______.A. a djective compoundB. noun compoundB. verb compound D. none of the above51. Verb compounds are created either through _______ or _______.A. affixation; conversionB. clipping; affixationC. conversion; backformationD. backformation; borrowing52. Which of the following is not through backformation?A. T o mass-produce.B. To lip-read.C. T o nickname.D. To chain-smoke.53. Conversion is a method _______.A. of turning words of one part of speech to those of a different part of speechB. of converting words of one meaning into different meaningC. of deriving words through grammatical meansD. of changing words in morphological structure54. In a derivational process, an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. The name is _______.A. full conversionB. partial conversionC. functional shiftD. zero-derivation55. Words involved in conversion are primarily _______.A. nouns, verbs and adverbsB. nouns, adjectives and verbsC. nouns, prepositions and verbsD. adjectives, adverbs and verbs56. Almost all monomorphemic _______ can be conversed into nouns, which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways.A. verbsB. adjectivesC. adverbsD. prepositions57. Nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status, thus known as _______.A. partial conversionB. full conversionC. speech shiftD. grammatical shift58. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with _______.A. plural formsB. single formsC. adjectivesD. definite articles59. In most cases a noun can be converted to a verb _______.A. with some changesB. without any changeC. with some changes in spellingD. without any change in pronunciation60. The "house" in "the peasant housed him" belongs to the conversion _______.A. between noun and adjectiveB. between noun and verbC. between verb and adjectiveD. none of the above61. The conversion of two-syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of _______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function62. "Empty" in the sentence "The meeting was over and the meeting-room began to empty" is _______.A. adjectiveB. verbC. nounD. four63. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?A. Dorm.B. Motel.C. Gent.D. Zoo.64. _______ are words pronounced letter by letter.A. InitialismsB. AcronymsC. BlendsD. Clips65. Of the following words, _______ is an initialism.A. UNB. NATOC. BASICD. UNESCO66. "BBC" is formed in the way of _______.A. acronymyB. clippingC. back-formationD. prefixation67. "TV" is a (n) _______.A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound68. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______.A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymy D- conversion69. Back-formation is the method of creating new words by _______ the supposed suffixes. ( )A. removingB. combiningC. shorteningD. considering70. Back-formation usually involves _______ types of words.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. two71. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely _______.and some of them have not gained public acceptance.A. formalB. adjectivesC. human nounsD. informal72. The word "sandwich" which now denotes a popular fast food originates from _______.A. FaradayB. John MontagueC. BloomersD. Thomas More73. Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. trade-names74. Rugby, afghan and champagne are words coming from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames75. Utopia, odyssey and Babbit are words from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames76. Which of the following words is NOT from Chinese?A. T ea.B. Ketchup.C. Kungfu.D. Czar.77. Omega, Xerox and orlon are words from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames78. _______ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear, me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations79. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _______A. compoundingB. affixationC. conversionD. shortening80. The prefixes mal- in maltreat, mis- in misleading and pseudo- in pseudo- scientific are ______ prefixes.A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative81. The prefixes like un- and dis- can be regarded both as negative prefixes and as privative prefixes. The justification of their category lies in _______.A. meaningB. functionC. collocationD. word-class82. Some prefixes are categorized as _______ since their chief function is to change the base from one word class to another.A. conversion prefixesB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. inflectional prefixesD. prefixes of time and order83. The word employer is composed of " employ+er", of which -er is the so-called _______ suffix.A. verbB. deverbal nounC. denominalD. denominal noun84. As a suffix, _______ means "receiver of the action".A. -eerB. -essC. -erD. -ee85. The suffix -or in actor is a(n) _______ suffix and -ance in performance is a(n) _______noun suffix.A. concrete; concreteB. abstract; concreteC. abstract; abstractD. concrete; abstract86. The suffix -ful in mouthful is a suffix and in graceful is a _______ suffix.A. denominal adjective; denominal adjectiveB. denominal noun; denominal adjectiveC. denominal noun; denominal nounD. denominal adjective; denominal noun87. Of the three words, _______ refers to the physical or heroic qualities of a man, _______ is applied to nonhumans and _______ implies unwelcome masculine attributes usually in a woman.A. manly; manlike; mannishB. manly; mannish; manlikeC. mannish; manlike; manlyD. mannish; manly; manlike88. The pattern of deadline and blueprint is _______ in formation.A. n. + n.B. n. + v.C. adj. + n.D. adj. + v.89. The grammatical relationship between the elements in fist-fighting is _______.A. subject-}-verbB. verb+objectC. verb ~h adverbialD. subject+adverbial90. The conversion of two syllable nouns into verbs usually involves a change of _______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function91. Through _______, we get lip-read out of lip-reading.A. lexicalizatjonB. conversionC. rearrangementD. backformation92. The process in which nouns converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does is called a _______ conversion.A. functionalB. fullC. partialD. miscellaneous93. The word motel comes from "motor-f-hotel". This is an example of _______ in terms of word formation.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym94. The words socio-linguistic and psycho-analysis are _______ according to the bases with which they are coined.A. compoundsB. blendsC. derivativesD. acronyms96. The case of exec derived from executive is an instance of _______ clipping.A. frontB. backC. front and backD. phrase97. AIDS, which is an instance of _______, is short for "acquired immune deficiency syndrome".A. pure acronymsB. hybrid acronymsC. syllabic acronymsD. initialisms98. The word medicare comes from "medical+care", so its structure is _______.A. head+wordB. word+tailC. head+headD. head+tail99. Almost all the back-formed words are _______.A. nounsB. verbsC. adjectivesD. adverbs100. Words produced through affixation constitute _______ of all the new words.A. 20% to 30%B. 30% to 40%C. 40% to 50%D. 10% to 20%101. The most productive word formation is _______.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. acronymy102. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on . [ ]A. word-formationB. prefixationC. suffixationD. compounding103. _______ is the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems.A. PrefixationB. DerivationC. SuffixationD. Compounding104. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: _______ and _______.A. clipping, blendingB. compounding, conversionC. conversion, derivationD. prefixation, suffixation105. We shall classify prefixes on semantic basis intoA. sevenB. eightC. nineD. eleven106. The prefix "pseudo" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a reversative prefixC. a locative prefixD. a pejorative prefix107. The "de-" in "decompose" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a pejorative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. an orientation prefix108. The chief function of prefixation is to _______.A. change meanings of the stemB. change the word-class of the stemC. change grammatical functionD. all the above109. The "auto" in "autobiography" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a locative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. a miscellaneous prefix110. The chief function of suffixation is to _______.A. change meanings of the stemB. change the word class of the stemC. change the lexical meaningD. all the above111. The word "courageous" is created by _______.A. noun suffixesB. adverb suffixesC. adjective suffixesD. verb suffixes112. The meanings of "comic" and "comical" are _______.A. sameB. identicalC. similarD. different113. For the word "political”, its negative form is " _______.A. apoliticalB. ilpoliticalC. inpoliticalD. impolitical114. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in _______.A. phonetic featuresB. semantic featuresC. grammatical featuresD. all the above115. _______ is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.A. SuffixationB. CompositionC. ConversionD. Clipping116. " Law-abiding" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above117. "Sit-in" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above118. "up-bringing" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above119. Verb compounds are created either through _______ or _______.A. affixation/conversionB. clipping/affixationC. conversion/backformationD. back-formation/borrowing120. In compounds, the word stress usually occurs on _______ whereas in noun phrase _______ is generally stressed if there is only one stress.A. the first element/the second elementB. the second element/the first elementC. the first element/the first elementD. the second element/the second element121. Most compounds consist of only _______ stems.A. threeB. twoC. fourD. five122. Words mainly involved in conversion are _______.A. nouns, verbs and adverbsB. nouns, adjectives and verbsC. nouns, prepositions and verbsD. adjectives, adverbs and verbs123. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix, is called _______.A. full conversionB. partial-conversionC. semantic shiftD. zero-derivation124. The "house" in "the peasant housed him" belongs to the conversion _______.A. between noun and adjectiveB. between noun and verbC. between verb and adjectiveD. none of the above125. Nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status, thus known as _______.A. partial conversionB. full conversionC. functional shiftD. grammatical shift126. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with _______.A. plural formsB. single formsC. adjectivesD. definite articles127. The conversion of two syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of _______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function128. Words produced by conversion are primarily _______.A. nounsB. adjectivesC. verbsD. all the above129. The most productive conversion is the conversion that takes place _______.A. between nouns and verbsB. between nouns and adjectivesC. between verbs and adjectivesD. none of the above130. The overwhelming majority of blends are _______.A. verbsB. nounsC. adjectivesD. adverbs131. Back-formation is therefore the method of creating words by _______ the supposed suffixes.A. removingB. shorteningC. addingD. writing132. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______.A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversion133. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on _______.A. the grammatical functionB. the pronunciation of the wordsC. the spelling wayD. none of the above134. Word formation excludes _______.A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. chipping, acronymy and blendingD. repetition and alliteration135. Which of the following is a case of suffixation?A. Hemisphere.B. Disunite.C. NATO.D. Respondent.136. A tricycle has _______ wheels.A. twoB. fourC. sixD. three137. The prefixes in the words*, irresistible, non-classical and apolitical are called _______.A. reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes138. Rugby, afghan and champagne are words coming from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames139. Some doctors prescribe medication to treat hyperactive children, because the children areextremely _______ .A. activeB. passiveC. lazyD. diligent140. Ex-student, foretell and post-election contain _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC, prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixes141. _______are words pronounced letter by letterA. InitialismsB. AcronymsC. BlendsD. Compounds142. What does the neo-mean in neo-Nazi?A. Old.B. Poor.C. New.D. Rich.143. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?A. Dorm.B. Slurb.C. Gent.D. Zoo.144. Which of the following belongs to number prefixes?A. Fore-.B. Pro-.C. Hemi-.D. Pre-.145. There are _______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. fourC. threeD. five146. Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames147. The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes148. The suffixes in words heighten, symbolize are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes149. Of the following words, _______ is an initialism.A. UNB. NATOC. BASICD. UNESCO150. Of the following word-formation processes, is the _______ most productive.A. clippingB. blendingC. initialismD. affixation151. The prefixes in words neo-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes152. Which of the following words is NOT from Chinese?A. T ea.B. Ketchup.C. Kungfu.D. Czar.153. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives?A. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.154. Utopia, odyssey and Babbit are words from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames1. Affixes and compounding processes may become _______ on one time.2. Not all the words that are produced by applying the word-forming rule are _______ .3. Words produced through compounding yields _______ of all the new word.4. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called _______.5. _______ is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.6. The majority of prefixes are _______ by their non-class-changing nature.7. Affixation, also called _______, is one of the word formations.8. Derivational affixes can be further divided into _______ and suffixes.9. Prefixes are those affixes that added to the head of words, which primarily change the _______ of the stem.10. The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called _______.11. The chief function of _______ is not to change the word class of the stem, but to change its meaning.12. Suffixation is the formation of new word by adding _______ to stems.13. In the word "post-war" , "post-" is a prefix of _______.14. Compounding is the formation of new words by joining _______.15. Compounds and derived words are _______ words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined.16. The open _______ are the same in form as free phrases.17. The stress patterns of compounds are not _______.18. Compounds are different from free phrases in _______ unit.19. A compound tends to play a single _______ role in a sentence.20. An alternative for conversion is _______.21. _______ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.22. Almost all monomorphemic verbs can be used as nouns, which are _______ related to the original verbs in various ways according to Quirk et al.23. Such words as "the richer”, "the poor”, "the most corrupt" are all examples of _______.24. The words "autocide" and "telex" are formed by _______.25. With the development of market economy psywar becomes more and more popular. "Psywar" means _______.26. _______ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.27. A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.28. _______ is the process of forcing new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special phrases and technical terms.29. _______ is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.30. A word is the _______ of form and meaning.31. Modern English expands its vocabulary chiefly through _______.32. The three main means of creating new words in modern English are _______, compounding and conversion.33. Shortening including clipping and _______ is also a way of forming new words in modern English.34. Affixation falls into two subcategories prefixation and _______.35. Affixation is also known as _______.36. The prefixes bi-, multi- and tri- are all _______ prefixes.37. Compounds can be written solid, _______ and open.38. A compound is a unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and _______ as a single word.39. The words sit-in and handshake are both _______ compounds.40. Verb compounds are generally created either through _______or back-formation.41. Compounds are largely the results of _______ of phrases.42. If we need a word which is not found, we can easily make one through _______ or rearrangement of word-forming elements.43. Conversion is also known as _______ since it does not change the morphological structure of words but their function.44. Regarded as a derivational process without the addition of an affix, conversion can be called as _______.45. Words formed through acronymy can be divided into _______ and acronyms depending on the pronunciation of the words.46. Such words as goody-goody, willy-nilly and fiddle-faddle are known as _______ in terms of word formation.47. The process is called _______ when proper names are changed into common words in use.48. Words like nylon, orlon and rayon come from _______, a type of proper names.49. The overwhelming majority of blends are _______.50. Words imitating natural sounds are _______words.。
verb-and-verb-phrasePPT课件
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1.何谓助动词？ 协助主动词表示不同的语法意义 或情态意义的动词。如表示动作正在 进行或已经完成，“应该”做某事或“不应该”做某事等等。
2.助动词的分类 基本助动词（Primary Auxiliary ） 情态助动词（Modal Auxiliary ） 半助动词（Semi-auxiliary ）
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前部分我们主要讲了助动词，现在我们将 进入令一大块：主动词
1. 按其是否必须跟有补足成分，分为：及物动词（transitive verb ），及物动词（transitive verb ），不及物动词
主 （intransitive verb ），连系动词（linking verb ）。 动 词 2.按期词汇意义，又可分为动态动词（dynamic verb ）
It may snow before nightfall. She could afford a new home. I used to take a long walk along the road. …
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(3)半助动词：指兼有主动词和助动词特 征的语法结构，如have to, seem to
第十讲 动词和动词词组
Verb and verb phrase
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注意：
动词分类涉及很多语法 现象和语义问题，要树立一个 清晰的语法概念，通常要由动 词的分类入入手，而动词的分 类又要从不同的角度入手。
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动词分类（一）
1.按其在构成动词词组中所起作用来分，分为主动词 （Main Verb）又叫实义动词和助动词（Auxiliary） 两大类。
3.表示感觉的动词，如feel，hear，see，smell，taste 等。
Lecture_10_Verb_and_verb_phrase
semi- auxiliaries.
happen to, chance to, bo to, be sure to, be about to, appear to, come to, be apt to, be certain to, fail to, get to, tend to, be bound to, be going to, turn out to be (un)likely to have got to, had better, had best
16
assume, believe, consider (=think), detest, fear, hate, hope, imagine, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, prefer, regret, remember, suppose, think, understand,
Lecture 10 Verb and Verb Phrase
2013-8-31
A New English Grammar
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2013-8-31
A New English Grammar
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1) Main Verbs and Auxiliaries
Why so divided? According to
1. I have a new guitar. 2. I don't have a new guitar. 3. They have had a nice time. 4. I have seen Peter. 5. They will have spoken to Peter. 6. I am from England. 7. I am reading a book. 8. A house was built. 9. I do my homework in the evenings. 10. I have done my homework. 11. Doing my homework is not always fun. 12. I didn't see Jane doing her homework. 13. Don't sing under the shower. 14. When did you get up this morning?