doing、done、being_done

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done 和being done 两者区别

done和being done两者都与逻辑主语构成被动关系在句中担任主语和宾语时，只用being done,而不用done,因为done具有形容词和副词的功能，不具有名词的性质，所以done不能作主语和宾语，而being done既可作动名词的被动形式，又可作分词的被动式，作动名词具有名词的功能，在句中可以充当主语和宾语Being caught in a heavy traffic is quite an unpleasant experience.He narrowly escaped being run over.Being done 和done都能作表语，但being done的动作意义强，而done只能表状态．What upset the children was his not being allowed to visit his brother in hospital.(being allowed 仍保留动词的意义，是动名词作表语．)What excited his parents is his son’s being sent to study abroad. (being sent仍保留动词的意义，是动名词作表语．) He was disappointed. (动作意义不强，只表示状态，相当于形容词的功能，只能用过去分词作表语．)Being done 和done 都可以作定语，宾补和状语，但表达意义不同：being done表示主句谓语did发生在being done这个动作的进行中，而done表示的时间要根据所作的成分而定，不及物动词的过去分词表示完成的意义．作定语The house being built (=the house which is being built) 正在建的房子(being done 作后置定语时，含有某动作正在被进行的含义)The house built(= the house which has been built) (过去分词作后置定语含有完成之意)作状语Being protected (= as he was being protected) by many guards, he felt safe. (being done作状语时，表主句动作正发生在being done 这个动作的进行中，而且还表示原因)Seen (=when it is seen) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. (过去分词作状语，表与主语构成被动关系，在这里是泛指时间，但不表示进行之意)作宾补With the old house being torn down(=as the old house is being torn down), there is so much noise outside.With the old house torn down, a new building is being built there.He found himself being followed by a child.(=he found he was being followed by a child. )He found the cup broken.(= he found the cup was broken.)Done 作谓语，表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态．Being done作谓语表某个时间点或某个阶段正在进行的动作或状态．总结：Being done 本领强，七种成分都能当．done不示弱，主宾除外全用上Being done表进行，动作意义来亮相，done表完成，状态是它的强项．。

非谓语动词讲解

英语非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：doing , done , to do , doing 。

当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式）; having done （完成式）; having been done （完成被动式）不定式to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）动名词doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式）;非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。

它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。

下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：一、动词不定式先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。

1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .2．His wish is to be a driver .3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises .5．I have nothing to say .6．They went to see their aunt .7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next .9．I heard them make a noise .说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。

高二英语现在分词作状语

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being done非谓语用法

being done非谓语用法
being done结构作为非谓语动词，其用法如下。

1、用作定语
当非谓语动词being done用作定语时，只能置于被修饰名词之后，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。

如：
Did you see that boy being questioned by the police?
你看见那个男孩受到警察的盘问了吗?
2、用作主语
being done可以用于句首作主语，表示一个被动的动作。

如：Being sent to prison was the final degradation.
堕落到最后的地步就是被关进监狱。

3、用作宾语
being done不仅可以用于动词后作宾语，而且可以用作介词后作宾语，也是表示一个被动的动作。

如：
He tried to escape being punished.
他设法逃避惩罚。

动名词用法

动名词用法动名词用法作者/沈华正一、什么叫动名词由原型动词在词尾加ing构成。

动名词与名词有所不同，它具有动词性质，有动作意味且有动词的基本特征，可有自己的宾语，状语，但它又有名词的句法功能，可以作主语，宾语，定语，表语。

二、动名词的形式主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done1.动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作），或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作。

例如：They are all interested in climbing mountains.He took a great delight in helping others.2.动名词的完成形式表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。

例如：He didn’t mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.I don’t remember having ever promised you that.3.当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式。

例如：This question is far from being settled.He did it without being asked.They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers.He didn’t mind being left at home.They couldn’t stand being treated like that.注意：若动名词表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式。

例如：I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.三、动名词的作用1.动名词作主语，表示一般或抽象的多次行为。

非谓语动词的完成和进行形式

非谓语动词的完成和进行形式非谓语动词是指动词的形式在句中不能充当谓语的动词形式。

在英语中，常见的非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。

其中，动词不定式有完成形式（to have done）和进行形式（to be doing），而动名词和现在分词只有进行形式（being done）。

一、动词不定式的完成和进行形式1. 完成形式动词不定式的完成形式由"to have done"构成，表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作或存在的状态。

例句：- I am glad to have finished the work on time.（我很高兴按时完成了这项工作。

）- He seems to have forgotten our appointment.（他似乎忘记了我们的约定。

）2. 进行形式动词不定式的进行形式由"to be doing"构成，表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

例句：- She pretended to be reading while actually thinking about something else.（她假装在读书，实际上在想别的事情。

）- He appeared to be sleeping, but actually he was just resting his eyes.（他看起来好像在睡觉，实际上他只是在休息眼睛。

）二、动名词和现在分词的进行形式动名词和现在分词的进行形式由"being done"构成，表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

1. 动名词的进行形式动名词的进行形式可以作主语、宾语、表语或介词的宾语等。

例句：- Being honest is always appreciated.（诚实总是受人赞赏的。

）- I enjoy being surrounded by nature.（我喜欢被大自然环绕。

）2. 现在分词的进行形式现在分词的进行形式可以作定语、状语等。

高二英语动词ing用法归类总结

-i n g分词的用法一、-ing分词的构成-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成;-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表几种形式以do为例：一般式完成式主动形式 doing 主动形式 having done被动形式 being done 被动形式 having been done-ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成;如：Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着;His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气;1.-ing分词的一般式 doing1). 动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作,没有特别的时间意义;Eg：Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要;Eg：Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动;2.-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；Eg：Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴趣;Eg：They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室;2.-ing分词完成式 having done：完成式表示动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作;Eg：Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格;Eg：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.Eg：Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.3. -ing分词的被动式 being done ：-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者;被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作. Eg：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要;4. having done的被动形式having been done表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者;表示动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生;Eg：Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了;Eg：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the schoollibrary.在被带去看了实验室之后,我们又被带去参观校图书馆;5动词-ing形式的否定形式;动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not,带有逻辑主语时not 应放在动词-ing形式之前;Eg：Excuse me for my not coming on time.Eg：I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.例1. ______ to the station on time made everyone wor ried last week.A. Him not gettingB. Not his gettingC. His not gettingD. Not getting6.动词-ing形式的复合结构动词ing形式的复合结构由形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格,名词所有格或普通格加动名词,动名词的复合结构实际上是给动名词加了一个逻辑主语; 动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：①形容词性物主代词+动名词②名词‘s +动名词③代词宾格+动名词④名词+动名词注意动名词的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语;作主语时,不能用③④两种形式;Eg：Tom’s winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot. 汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻;Eg：Do you mind my/me/Jack’s/Jack leaving now.翻译练习：His coming made us very happy. 他的到来使我们大家都很高;翻译练习：He was awakened by someone’s knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了;二 -ing分词的语法作用动词-ing一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等; 1–ing分词短语作主语: 动词ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数：Eg：Reading books widens our knowledge.读书增长我们的知识Eg：Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易;翻译练习：Learning English well is not easy.在下面两种结构中,-ing分词也作主语;A.It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a wa ste of time /fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语;为了保持句子平衡,通常用it 作形式主语,而把真实主语放在句末;Eg：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收Eg：It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间;翻译练习：It is no use waiting for him any longer.B.当句型“There is no doing…”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时,需用动名词作主语;Eg：There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑;There is no point indoing sth 干…….没意义; Eg：There’s no point in waiting. 等待是毫无意义的; There is no senseindoing sth. 干…没道理/意义例.1.In my mind,_____ that famous university will be the only way to become a worlds-class writer. A. attending B.to attend C. attendD. having attended2. My grandfather is a millionaire, but _____ money does not solve all his problem.A. hasB. to haveC. havingD. having had2 -ing分词短语作表语：Eg：His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票; Eg：The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑;3 -ing分词作宾语：①–ing分词可作动词宾语, 作动词的宾语;mind介意, suggest建议, enjoy欣赏,, admit承认, appreciate 感激,欣赏, avoid避免, delay推迟, dislike不喜欢,厌恶, escape 逃脱, finish完成, forgive宽恕, imagine想象, keep保持, miss 错过, practise训练, resist抵抗,抵制, risk冒险, deny拒绝,否认, consider考虑等;Eg：I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事;Eg：We enjoy attending Miss Li''s class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课;例1：He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity.A. to loseB. losingC. to be lostD. being lost答案B.后risk 后接动名词,he与 lose是主谓关系;2：Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A. having heldB. to holdC. holdingD. hold3.To improve your spoken English, you should practic e_____ it every day. A. speak B. to be spo ken C. speaking D. to speak②-ing分词作宾补,也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语,而用it作形式宾语;如：Eg：I don’t think it possible living in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的;Eg：Do you consider it any good trying again 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗③-ing分词作介词宾语,经常用在一些短语的后面;如：Eg：I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭; Eg：They don’t feel like walking that much. 他们不喜欢走那么多路;翻译练习：Don’t be afraid of speaking English.不要害怕说英语;此类短语还有很多;如：can’t help忍不住be proud of以……自豪, be responsible for对……负责, insist on坚持, keep on 继续think of考虑,想到, dream of梦想, hear of听说, prevent…from防止,阻止, keep…from防止,阻止, stop…from防止,阻止, be engaged in从事于, depend on依靠,依赖, thank…for因……而道谢, excuse…for因……而道歉, aim at目的在于, set about着手做, be fond of喜欢, be afraid of害怕, be tired of对……厌烦, succeed in成功地做……, be interested in对……感兴趣, be ashamed of对……感到羞愧, put off推迟, give up放弃, be worth值得做……, be busy in doing sth 忙于做某事 ,等等;注意：在有些句子中,介词常可省去;如：Eg：I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难;Eg：What can prevent us from getting married 有什么能阻止我们结婚翻译练习: Farmers were busy in getting in the crops. 农民在忙着收庄稼;翻译练习: I have never dreamed of visiting that place. 我从未梦想过要参观那个地方翻译练习: He used to spend a lot of time in playing games. 过去他常花很多时间玩游戏;例1.The girl said that she had never dream of _____a volunteer.A. beB. to beC. beingD. is2. I had great difficulty _____ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A. findB. foundC. to findD. finding3. Seeing the funny scene, I can’t help______.A. laughB. to laughC. laughingD. laughed另外,-ing分词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语,在句中作状语;如：Eg：He left ahead of time without saying a word. 他一句话也没说就提前离开了;Eg：Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.除了做饭和缝纫以外,她还要照顾四个孩子;Eg：On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy. 一听到这个消息后,所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来;4 -ing分词作定语：①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面,–ing分词作定语可用来说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能;如：reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 fishing pole 鱼杆flying suit 飞行服 writing table 写字台 listening practice 听力训练reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐车sleeping car 卧车 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室②-ing分词作定语还可以表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态;如：developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家a growing city = a city that is growing 发展着的城市Eg：Who is the student standing by the door 站在门边的同学是谁Eg：They lived in a house facing south.=They lived in a house which faces south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里;翻译练习：坐在我旁边的女孩是我妹妹;The girl sitting beside me is my sister.翻译练习：有人在敲门There is someone knocking at the door.③–ing分词还可以作非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,常用逗号和句子其它部分分开;如:Eg：When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy. 当她出现的时候,约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去;5 -ing分词做状语：动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等;①．表示时间:-ing分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时可由连词when, while引出;Eg：Turning around, she saw a car driving up.=When she turned around, she saw a car driving up. 她转过身,看见一辆车朝她开来;Eg：While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书,一边不时地点头;翻译练习:看到那些画,他想起了她的童年;Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.翻译练习: 听到这消息时我们高兴地跳了起来;Hearing the news, we jumped with joy.②表示原因:-ing分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句;Eg：Being tired, he could not walk any further.=As he wastired, he could not walk any further. 因为疲倦,他不能再往前走了;Eg：Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址,我不能把这本书送给他;Eg：Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动,那晚我们许多人都没睡着;翻译练习：因为不知道路,他无法到那里去;Not knowing the way, he could’t go there.翻译练习：因为激动他睡不着;Being excited , she couldn’t go to sleep.③表示结果:–ing分词短语作结果状语;表示一种必然的结果,可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句;The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing v aluable.=The fire lasted nearly a month, and left nothing valuable. 大火持续了近一个月,几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西; Eg：His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了,留给他许多钱;Eg：She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.她非常生气,把玩具扔在地上,把它摔成了碎片;④表示伴随.-ing分词作伴随状语,可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间,表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作;如：Eg：I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.=I stood by the door, and did not dare to say a word. 我站在门旁,不敢说一句话;Eg：They stood there for half an hour,watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时,观察着天上的星星;翻译练习：年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来;Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 翻译练习：他们在那儿站了一个小时观看比赛;They stood there for an hour watching the game.⑤表示条件：动词-ing形式作条件状语,相当于一个条件状语从句;Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.=If you are more careful, you can make fewer mis takes. 更细心点,你就会少犯错误;Turning to the left, you ‘ll see the tower.向左转,你就会看到那座塔;翻译练习：如果努力,你就会成功;Working hard, you will succeed.⑥“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语,表示伴随情况或时间、原因等;如：Eg：His hair became gray with the years passing. 随着时间的推移,他的头发变花白了;Eg：Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意,他从窗户溜了出去;例1.The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.A. causedB. to have causedC. to causedD. having caused例2.----“You can’t catch me” Janet shouted, ______ away.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran 例3.It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ______ the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have hadB. Having hadC. HaveD. Having 例 4._____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated例5.Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____ fun.A. hadB. haveC. to haveD. having 例6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reachedB. reachingC. to reachD. to be reaching例7.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____ a look at the sports stars.A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have例8._____ more about university course, call 9207463789. A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out简析：1.D.结果状语,时间有明显先后之分；2.B.伴随状语；3.D.条件状语,有明显时间先后之分；4.C.原因状语,时间有明显先后之分；5.D.伴随状语；6.B.结果状语;7.C.作目的状语；8.A.作目的状语；6 -ing分词作补语：--ing分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语,作宾语补语;如：Eg：I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来;Eg：Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.昨晚,店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西;翻译练习：I saw him going upstairs.我看见他正在上楼;翻译练习：We watched her crossing the street. 我们看着她穿过大街;三. –ing分词作主语和表语时与不定式的区别：1、-ing分词和动词不定式作主语和表语的主要区别在于：在表示比较抽象的一般的多次性行为时多用-ing分词；在表示具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式;如：Eg：Smoking is forbidden here. 泛指吸烟这里禁止吸烟;Eg：It’s not good for you to smoke so much. 指你吸烟吸这么多烟对你的身体不好;2、有些动词既能接不定式,又能接-ing分词,含义有所不同;如：Remember doing sth 记得做了某事Remember to do sth 记住要去做某事Forget doing sth 忘记做了某事Forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事Regret doing sth 后悔做了某事Regret to do sth 遗憾要去做某事Mean to do sth 打算做某事Mean doing sth意味着做某事Stop to do sth 停下来去做某事Stop doing sth 停止做某事Try to do sth 努力/企图做某事Try doing sth 试着做某事Eg：Do you remember seeing me before 你记得以前见过我吗Eg：Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门;Eg：I try not to think about that. 我尽量不去想那件事;Eg：Would you please try doing that again 请你再试一次好吗Eg：I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个; 翻译练习：Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.做完练习以后,我们继续学习下一单元的单词;翻译练习：After a short rest, they went on working. 短暂地休息以后,他们又继续工作;翻译练习：Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这班车就意味着再等一个小时;例 1. Never mind. Please try _____ the problem in another way.A. solveB. to solveC. being solvedD. solving例2. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _____ at the party, but not _______.A. to arrive, leavingB. to arrive, to leaveC. arriving, leavingD. arriving, to leave答案 C.记得来过晚会,用arriving,但是后的动作仍然记得,用leaving.3、动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing分词作宾语,不可以接动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补语;如：Eg：We don’t permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟;Eg：Please permit me to say a few words. 请允许我说几句话; 例1.---Can I smoke here----Sorry. We don’t allow_____ here.A. people smokingB. people smokeC. to s mokeD. smoking4、动词need, require, want作“需要”解时以及deserve作“值得”解时,后面接-ing分词或不定式的被动式;need / want/require/deserve doing=need/want/require/dese rve to be done Eg：The lake needs repairing/ to be repairedEg：These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully. 这些小孩需要细心地照料;翻译练习：Your shoes need cleaning/ to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了;翻译练习：The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 这个房间需要打扫;例:As a result of the serious flood, two-third of the buildings in the area______.A. need repairingB. needs to repairC. needs repairingD. need to repair5、动词like, hate, prefer等后面,如表示一般性动作,多用-ing 分词；如指特定的具体的某次动作,多用不定式;如：Eg：I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim with you. 我喜欢游泳,但我不喜欢和你一起游泳;Eg：I prefer walking to school every day. 我情愿每天步行去学校;Eg：I prefer to stay at home today. 今天我情愿呆在家里;6、-ing分词作表语的两种不同含义：①-ing分词作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么;Eg：Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是盖房子;Eg：The real question is getting to know the needs of the people. 真正的问题是了解人民的需要;②-ing分词作表语还可以表示主语所具有的特征;如：Eg：This story is very interesting. 这故事很有趣;Eg：The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑;7、不定式和-ing分词作宾语补语的区别：在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后,既可用-ing分词构成复合宾语,也可用不定式构成复合宾语,两者之间有一定的区别;用-ing分词时,表示动作正在进行；用不定式时,表示动作发生了,即动作的全过程结束了;如：Eg：Do you hear someone knocking at the door Someone isknocking at the door. 有人在敲门你听见了吗Eg：Do you hear someone knock at the door Someone knocked at the door just now. 你听见有人敲门了吗8、高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语,后接-ing分词或名词;如：look forward to渴望,盼望admit to承认, contribute to捐助、贡献, get down to着手做, give way to让位于,keep to 坚持、遵守, lead to 导致, take to从事, turn to 求助于, stick to忠于、坚持, point to指向、表明, see to 注意、处理, be used to 习惯于, devote oneself to 献身于, be equal to 胜任的、等于, be familiar to 为……熟悉be/get used to习惯于 object to反对,抗议pay attention to注意 .9、高中阶段有一些固定的-ing分词短语,如：generally speaking 一般来说, judging from…根据……来判断, considering…考虑到……, talking of…谈到……,提到……, supposing…假如……等,它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致;这种短语可以被称之为句子的状语,也可当作一个插入语;如：Eg：Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. 从他的口音看他一定来自加拿大;Eg：Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free.考虑到他是多么的穷,我们决定让他免费听音乐会;Exercises:1. The officers narrowly escaped ___________in the hot battle.A. have killedB. to killC. to be killedD. being killed2.___________ the letter, he went out to post it.A. WritingB. Being writingC. Having writtenD. Written3. Don't you remember ___________A. seeing the man beforeB. to see the man beforeC. saw the man beforeD. to have seen the man before4. People couldn't help ___________ the foolish emperor in the procession.A. laugh atB. to laugh atC. laughing atD. laughing on5. We're looking forward ___________ the photo exhibition.A. to visitingB. to visitC. to having visitedD. visiting6. The girl ___________ under that tree is my sister.A. sittingB. sitsC. is sittingD. sat7. This sentence needs ___________ .A. a improvementB. improveC. improvingD. improved8. ___________ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual..A. Not knownB. Known notC. Knowing notD. Not knowing9. The next morning she found the man ___________ in bed, dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying10. There was terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst oflight.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed11. The secretary worked late into the night, ___________ a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing12. "Can't you read " Mary said ___________ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing13. How about two of us ___________ a walk down the gardenA. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking14. ---I must apologize for ___________ahead of time. ---That's all right.A. letting you not knowB. not letting you knowC. letting you know notD. letting not you know15. ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ---Well, now I regret ___________ that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done16. Would you ___________ me your identification card, sirA. mind to showB. mind showingC. trouble to showD. trouble showing17. He suggested ___________ on Saturday.A. to have a meetingB. having a meetingC. a meeting to haveD. that having a meeting18. It is no good ___________ to come now. He is busy.A. if you ask himB. to ask himC. asking himD. that you ask him19. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ___________ late for his lecture.A. to have studentsB. for students to beC. for students' beingD. to students' being20. He dressed himself quickly and ___________ his schoolbag, went to school.A. carriedB. to carryC. carryingD. carries21. ___________ for several weeks, the city needed food.A. As having floodedB. being floodedC. Having been floodedD. To flood22. ___________ ill worried my parents greatly.A. I fellB. Me fallingC. My fallingD. I falling23. She is writing a letter to a friend of hers, ___________ him to attend the meeting.A. having invitedB. invitingC. to inviteD. invited24. Our town has dozens of factories, ___________several saw mills.A. includedB. are includingC. are includedD. including25. ___________ the classroom, the students went to theplayground to watch the football match.A. To cleanB. Having cleanedC. CleanedD. Cleaning语法专项练习二1.北京 ________in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenlyrealized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To waitB. Have waitedC. Having waitedD. To have waited2.上海 According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to25 hours a week ______TV.A. to watchB. to watchC. watchingD. watch3.上海 The flu is believed _______ be viruses that like toreproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused4.上海 The flowers ______ sweet in the botanic garden attractthe visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt5.天津 Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC.being run D. to run6.重庆 They see you as something of a worrier, ______ problemswhich don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you cometo them.A. settlingB. discoveringC.seeing D. designing7.福建The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC.telling D. told8.湖南 You were silly not _____ your car.A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having locked9.江苏 The man insisted _______ a taxi for me even though I toldhim I lived nearby.A. findB. to findC. onfinding D. in finding10.江苏 The old man, _______ abroad for twenty years, is on theway back to his motherland.A. to workB. workingC. to haveworked D. having worked1-5 D C A C D6---10 A C D A B 11---15 B A C B D 16---20 B B C D C 21---25 C C B D B 1—10 CCCBB CBBCD。

再谈 doing、done、being done

区分性质
☆doing是现在分词，含有主动与正在进行的意义， doing是现在分词，含有主动与正在进行的意义，表示事物本身具有的性质。表示事物本身具有的性质。例如：例如：Believing the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. 需要注意的是，需要注意的是，它所表示的动作与主句的动作一定是同时发生，或基本同时发生同时存在的动作。定是同时发生，或基本同时发生同时存在的动作。例如：例如：Do you know the girl _____ beside her yesterday? 而不是sitting 选项应当是 who sat 而不是sitting
例如：例如：He apologized for having broken his promise. 所以， done与所以，having done与having been done 还是动名词的完成体还是动名词的完成体动名词的一般式和完成式都可表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，有时两者可互换( 谓语动作之前的动作，有时两者可互换(用一般式往往显得更简洁）一般式往往显得更简洁）例如：I remember seeing [having seen] 例如： her somewhere.
另外，doing和done本质上都是形容词，本质上都是形容词另外，doing和done本质上都是形容词，都可以用于系表结构，分别表示不同的含义。用于系表结构，分别表示不同的含义。例如：例如：The son is disappointing and the father is disappointed. The class is boring and the students are bored. He is interesting and she is interested. The employees are pleasing and the employer is pleased.

非谓语动词的 9 种形式

非谓语动词 17done -ing to do 被动主动被动主动完成式一般式to do doing doneto be done being done to have done have done to have been donehaving been done having be done have done have been done51被动之前having been done主动之前having done 被动同时being done 主动同时(基本同时)doing (和主语)主被动(与谓语比)时间先后-ing 作状语★必背使役动词make,、let 、have+do(省略了感官动词see/ watch/hear/feel1： +do(一般现在和一般过去，不强调正在进行都可用)I saw the boys fight with each other yesterday.PS: 被动态时需要还原“to ”The boys were seen to fight with each other yesterday.2: +doing （强调正在进行）The girl reported seeing a beautiful bird flying toward the window. 14非谓语动词题目三步走：⏹是否已存在另一个动作（不管前面还是后面）⏹主被动关系⏹时间先后顺序◆习题 ◆⏹S he reached the top of the hill andstopped on a big rock to see the rising sun.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest⏹Y ou were brave enough to raiseobjections at the meeting.Well, now I regret _ that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done⏹T hey knew her very well. They hadseen her _ up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow⏹I’ve heard him _ about you often.A. talkedB. talksC. talkD. to talk⏹I f you think that treating a womanwell means always _ her permission for things,think again. (06湖南) A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting⏹H e walked down the hills, _ softly tohimself。

Doing 及被动形式

Doing 及被动形式现在分词Doing 主动；正在进行Being done 被动；正在进行Having done 主动；已经完成Having been done 被动；已经完成动名词：在句子中充当主语/宾语/表语/定语现在分词：在句子中充当状语/宾补/表语/定语试比较：a swimming pool/ a swimming girla sleeping car/ a sleeping boyMy job is teaching./ The book is very interesting.作表语时，动名词相当于名词；现在分词相当于形容词作定语时，动名词表示该事物的功能用途；现在分词则表示被修饰的名词所发出来的动作。

一、动名词的被动语态1.作主语（1）被人信任是不容易的。

________ _________ by others is not a piece of cake.(2) 在地震中致死是很常见的。

________ ________ in the earthquake is quite common.(3)长时间晒太阳对人体皮肤有害。

________ _________to the sun for too much time does great harm to skin.2.作宾语(作动词或介词的宾语)（1）他不介意被独自留在家里。

He didn’t mind _______ _________ _________ at home.（2）他无法忍受整天被关在教室里。

He can’t bear/ stand _______ ________ in the classroom all day.（3）我记得六岁时被带到北京去过。

I remember ________ _________to Beijing at the age of six.= I remember having been taken to Beijing at the age of six.（4）当他醒来时，他记得被别人袭击了且头上被打了一棍。

beingdone和done作状语区别

being done和done作状语区别
being done是非谓语动词doing的被动形式，表示被动，且同时强调正在进行。

done为过去分词，表示被动和完成的意义。

being done的用法
（1）Being repaired now，this classroom can’t be used.
因为正在维修，这教室无法使用。

（2）Being stuck by the heavy storm,they felt helpless.
正受到强暴雨的袭击，他们感到很无助。

done的用法
（1）Given better attention,the trees could grow better.
若管理得好一些，这些树木会生长得更好些。

（2）The test finished,we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。

（3）More time given,we should have done it much better.
如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。

（4）Although tired,I must go on working.
我虽然累了，但必须继续干。

过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
（1）过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动。

Asked why he was late，he cried.
（2）现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示被动。

Looking out of the window,I saw some students playing there.。

done 和being done 两者区别

beingdone能做状语吗

beingdone能做状语吗“Being done”是英语中的一个短语，用来描述正在进行或已经完成的动作或事情。

那么，它能够用作状语吗？答案是肯定的，但是需要根据具体语境和句子结构来判断。

下面，我们来分步骤阐述“being done”能否用作状语的情况。

第一步：了解“being done”的基本意思和概念“Being done”是passive voice的一种形式，常常用来描述一个动作或行为正在被执行，或者已经完成了。

例如：- The house is being painted by the workers. (房子正被工人涂漆。

)- The report was done by John yesterday. (报告是昨天由约翰完成的。

)第二步：看句子结构是否适合使用“being done”作为状语一般来说，我们可以根据下面三种情况来判断句子是否适合使用“being done”作为状语。

（1）主语+be+being done+其他成分这种结构在英语中比较常见。

例如：- The book is being read by Mary. (这本书正在被玛丽读。

) （2）be+being done+其他成分这种结构通常用来描述一件事情正在被执行，例如：- The game is being played in the park. (游戏正在公园里进行。

)（3）时间状语+be+being done+其他成分这种结构常常用来描述一件事情在某个时间之前或之后正在被执行。

例如：- The cake will be being baked at 9 pm tonight. (蛋糕今晚9点将被烤。

)第三步：注意一些特殊的情况虽然“being done”可以用作状语来描述正在进行或已完成的动作或事情，但是在某些情况下需要特别注意，例如：（1）不要嵌套太多的“being done”当我们使用多个“being done”短语来描述同一个动作时，容易导致句子结构混乱和不流畅。

非谓语动词done和beingdone的区别

非谓语动词的形式包括不定式、现在分词（ -ing 形式）和过去分词（ -ed 或 -en 形式）。

"done" 和 "being done" 均为过去分词的形式，但它们的用法不同。

1. "done" 是动词 "do" 的过去分词形式，常用于完成式、被动语态和作表语。

例如：
2. The work was done by the end of the day. （这项工作在一天结束时已经完成。

）
3. The cake is done. （蛋糕烤好了。

）
4. "being done" 是 "be done" 的进行时态，表示某个动作正在被进行。

"being done" 用于强调某个动作正在发生的被动态。

例如：
5. The road is being repaired. （道路正在维修。

）
6. The book is being translated into several languages. （这本书正在被翻译成几种
语言。

）
总结起来，"done" 通常表示已经完成的动作或状态，而 "being done" 表示某个
过程正在进行。

在使用时，需要根据语境和句子结构来判断选用哪种形式。

Beingdone与done做状语的区别

Being done 与done做状语的区别现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。

在使用现在分词时，要注意它的各种形式变化：Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。

（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）Being struck by the heavy storm, they felt helpless. 正受到强暴雨的袭击，他们感到很无助。

(strike 与 feel 两个动作同时发生，但 strike 与 they 之间逻辑关系是被动的 )Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回家了。

Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake . 给他讲过好几回,他还是犯同样的错。

分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。

与其它非谓语动词作状语用法区别简析：1. 分词在句中不作目的状语(表目的状语用不定式)。

不定式作状语只在句中表目的、结果、原因、程度。

2. 现在分词的一般式，表示该动作与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生；现在分词的完成式，表示该动作先于主句谓语动作发生。

过去分词表被动完成3. 现在分词的一般式的被动式(即 being done) 一般只作原因状语置句首；现在分词的完成式(即 having done; having been done) 在句中作时间原因状语。

Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.表示时间关系的分词短语，可用 when 或 while 引出。

Done和being done的区别

拓展训练
performed 4 No matter how frequently___ (perform),the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. 5 At the begin of the class, the noise of the desks being _________ opened and closed (open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. being seen 6 By taking the back way, he escaped _________(see). 7 ___ Seen (see)from the bridge, the lakes looks fabulous.
done和beingdone的区别知识引入?不定式todo?动名词doing?现在分词doing?过去分词done典型问题1themurderwasboughtinwithhishandsbehindhisbackabeingtiedbtied2twiceayearwhetheritisacarorabusisabasicruleforadriverabeingexamedbexamed例句观察1thehousebeingbuildwillbeourlibraryuponitcompletion2thehousebuilt100yearagoisstillingoodcondition3paintedwhitetheroomlooksbright4beingpaintednowtheroomcantbelivedin例句观察5exposedtostrongheatandsunlightourskinmightgetburnt6beingexposedtostrongheatandsunlightwilldamageourskin7thefallenleavesusedinthepicturegiveitaspecialeffect规律总结1done是过去分词beingdone是现在分词被动式一般都表示被动