Micro blogs and macro payments
中国石油北京《宏观经济学》第一次在线作业
中国石油北京《宏观经济学》第一次在线作业The first time onlineIndividual choiceThe relationship between macroeconomics and microeconomics is ()A, independentB, they are based on common theoriesC, the two are theoretically connected and contradictoryD, with different macroscopic theoretical systems, the relationship between the two is quite differentThe main task of macroeconomics ()We should seek full employment, stabilize prices, increase economic growth and balance the balance of paymentsB, the macroeconomic policies of finding full employment, suppressing prices, balancing interest rates and balanced investmentWe should establish a macroeconomic theory of full employment, price stability, economic growth and international balance of paymentsThe macroeconomic theory of full employment, price suppression,balanced interest rates and balanced investment is establishedQuestion 3 which is the most important part of modern macroeconomicsA, Keynes's "currency theory"John Maynard Keynes's general theory of employment, interest and moneyC. Marshall's money, credit and businessAdam Smith's wealth of nationsQuestion 4. Which of the following is not the basic question of macroeconomics? (a)A, how does the national income of the period decideB, the cause of a country's economic fluctuationC, which causes the long-term economic growth of a country D, the general happiness of living in a countryTopic 5 the central theory of macroeconomics is ()A, price determination theoryB, salary decision theoryC, national income decision theoryD, exchange rate decision theoryIn Keynes's view, the cause of the capitalist depression wasA, effective demand is insufficientB, shortage of resourcesC, backward technologyD, the economy is inefficientArticle 7 the classical macroeconomic theory holds that the reason for full employment is ()A, government regulationB, nominal wage rigidityC, nominal wage flexibilityD, the money supply is moderateArticle 8 the gross national product of a country is greater than the gross domestic product, which means that the income of the country's citizens from foreign income () is obtained from the country.A, is greater than theB, less thanC, is equal to theD, not sureArticle 9 investment in economics refers to ()A, the enterprise adds an inventoryB, build a houseC, the enterprise buys a computerD, the above are"Investment" is included in the statistics of GDP and net national productionA, any durable consumer goods produced by the government department, such as A new highwayB, any common stock purchased for a new issueThe amount of inventory increased by the end of the year compared to the beginning of the yearD, consumers buy anything that is not consumed by the end of the yearThe 11th is considered to include two activities in GDP: (1) the estimated rent for a free house, (2) purchase a new home ().A, (1) and (2) will be included as consumption in GDPB, (1) as consumption, and (2) as investment is included in GDPC, (1) as investment, and (2) as consumption is included in GDPD, only (2) is included in GDP as an investmentQuestion 12. Which of the following is not included in the GDP calculationA, A shipment of goods abroadB, a government grant to poor familiesC, the economy is a commission on the sale of an old houseThe insurance company receives a family property insurance premiumWhich of the following is included in GDP? (a)Buy A used bicycleB, buy common stockC, the car manufacturer buys 10 tons of steelD, the bank charges a corporation a loan interestQuestion 14 known at the beginning of a country's stock of capital goods is us $1 trillion, it in this year's $250 billion to the production of capital goods, capital consumption depreciation is $200 billion, the country in this year's total investment and net investment are ()A, $250 billion and $50 billionB, $1250bn, and $1050bnC, $250 billion and $200 billionD, $750 billion and $800 billionThe following items may be remembered as government purchases of products or services except ()A, buy new bombersB, your grandmother received the social security deposit paid by the monthC, the U.S. military factory builds a new protective wallD, New York City employs new police officersProblem 16. If OPEC oil cartel collapses, then oil prices fall sharplyA, the GDP deflator and the CPI consumer price index will fall at the same rateB, the GDP deflator is going down faster than the CPIC and CPI will fall faster than the GDP deflatorD, GDP deflator and CPI will not changeQuestion 17 assumes you bought a new house for $150,000 and stayed in the national income account:A, consumer spending increased by $150,000The added value of B and consumer spending is $150,000 divided by the number of years you would expect to live in this houseThe added value of C and consumer spending is the rent for the house, which is equal to the price of the rental market when the house is leasedD, consumer spending is the sameQuestion 18. If the price of tractors imported from Russia to the United States goes down, that will make ()A, the GDP deflator fell, the CPI roseB, the GDP deflator goes up, the CPI goes downC, the GDP deflator is the same, the CPI goes downD, the GDP deflator and the CPI are the sameArticle 19 the GDP per person of the two countries is the same, in which case the actual living standards of the country are higher than that of b ().The defense products of the country of A and the countries are higher than that of bB, the transfer of the country is higher than that of BThe total investment of C and a country is higher than that of bThe non-market activities of D and a are higher than that of b20 questions assume that American iron and steel company for $3000 to sell steel to Chrysler, steel is used to build a sailboat, after the sailing for the price of 12000 was sold to a new trader, automakers to a 14000 price to sell the sailing to a family, in the process, the increase of GDP is: ()A, $29000,B, $26000C, $14000D, $12000Problem 21 during inflation,The nominal GNP increases at the same rate as the actual GNPThe nominal GNP increases faster than the actual GNPC, real GNP increases faster than nominal GNPD, the correlation between nominal GNP and actual GNP growth rates is not possibleQuestion 22If personal income equal to $570, and personal income tax, equal to $60, consumption is equal to $430, total interest payments for $10, personal savings of $70, personal disposable income is equal to ()A, $510B, 470 dollarsC, 500 dollarsD, $480Number 23, assuming 1980-1990, nominal GDP increased from $1 trillion to $2.5 trillion, and the price index increased from 100 to 200. Which of the following is used in 1980 for 1990 GDP?(a)A, $1 trillionB, 1.25 trillion dollarsC, 2.5 trillion dollarsD, $5 trillionQuestion 24 assumes that the nominal GDP of $2000 in 50 billion, if the calculation of gross domestic product in 2005 than the base year doubled, and the actual output increased by 50% compared with that in the base, the nominal GDP in 2005 to ()A, $75 billionB, 100 billion dollarsC, 150 billion dollarsD, $200 billionQuestion 25. Under the following () conditions, you like to be a debtor?A, the nominal interest rate is 20%, and the inflation rate is 25%B, the nominal interest rate is 15%, and the inflation rate is 14%C, the nominal interest rate is 12%, and the inflation rate is 9%D, nominal interest rate is 5%, inflation is 1%Number 26 is the sign of economic growthA, the decline in unemploymentB, the use of advanced technologyC, the decrease in inflationD, the increasing capacity of social productionQuestion 27 which of the following options is not the determinant of productivity ()A, physical capitalB, human capitalC, the price levelD, technical knowledge,In the long run, the source of economic growth is ().A, the increase in the number of years for the workers' education;B, to realize the specialization of labor;The quantity and quality of C, land, machinery, equipment and infrastructure.D, the rate of technological progressQuestion 29. Which of the following is both a store of value and a common medium of exchange? (a)A, corporate bondsB, mutual funds,C, check accountD, that's rightIn the same case, if the maturity of the bond is extended, the bond needs to be paidA, lower interest, because the risk is lowerB, lower interest, because the risk is increasedC, higher interest, because the risk is increasedD, maturity is not about riskWhen interest rates go down very low, the risk of people buyingbonds will ().A, is smallB, become very bigC, it could be big or smallD, no changeIf the nominal money supply increases by 6 percent, the price level rises 4 percent, and the output increases 3 percent, according to the quantity equation, the velocity of the currency is ().A, up 13%B, up 7%C, up 3%D, up 1%Problem 33 assumes that economic output is the potential output, which is fixed. Assuming that the velocity of money is fixed at 3, the annual growth rate of the money supply is 3%, and the following () is correctThe annual inflation rate will be 1%The annual inflation rate will be 3%The annual inflation rate will be 6%The annual inflation rate will be 9%Article 34 the discount rate that the bank applied for discount to the central bank is increased.A, the amount of reserves the bank wants to keep will increaseB, the bank reserves will be reducedThe amount of reserves that the bank wants to keep remains the sameD, all of these things are possibleArticle 35 when the legal preparation rate is 20 percent, the amount of money the bank can create is the total amount of money that the bank can create when the initial deposit of a commercial bank is 3, 000A, 20000 monetary unitB, 80000 monetary unitC, 15000 monetary unitD, 60000 monetary unit36 the topicIf someone loses his job because of the steel industry, this is a job lossA, the frictional unemploymentB, structural unemploymentC, cyclical unemploymentD, permanent unemploymentProblem 37. Natural unemploymentA, constant is zeroB, depends on the price levelC, the unemployment rate when the economy is at a potential levelProblem 38 is the right thing to say about natural unemploymentA, the natural rate of unemployment is constantB, the natural unemployment rate is the lowest unemployment rate in historyC, natural unemployment includes frictional unemployment and structural unemploymentProblem 39. If the public decides to hold more currency and reduce bank deposits, bank reservesA and the money supply eventually fellB, decrease, the money supply doesn't changeThe supply of money eventually increasesD, increase, money supply doesn't changeIf the reserve ratio is 20 percent, the bank is not overprepared, so if the federal reserve sells $40 million of bonds to the public, then the bank reservesA, up $40 million, and the money supply eventually increased by $200 millionB, $40 million, and the money supply eventually increased by $800 millionC, $40 million, and the money supply eventually fell by $200 millionD, the decrease of $40 million, money supply eventually reduce $800 million no upload homework answer, first for you review, if you look at me - to answer specific registered name for cable - taking。
名词解释英语macroeconomic policy -回复
名词解释英语macroeconomic policy -回复“Macroconomic policy”（宏观经济政策）是指一国政府或经济体为了实现经济稳定增长、充分就业、物价稳定和国际收支平衡等宏观经济目标而采取的一系列总体性、综合性的经济政策。
这类政策主要包括财政政策（Fiscal Policy）、货币政策（Monetary Policy）以及其他相关产业政策、收入分配政策等。
1. 财政政策：主要通过政府调整税收、公共支出以及国债发行等方式，影响总需求水平，从而达到调控经济的目的。
2. 货币政策：主要由中央银行执行，通过调整货币供应量、利率水平等手段，影响市场上的资金供求关系，进而对投资、消费和整体经济活动产生影响。
3. 其他政策：包括汇率政策、贸易政策、产业政策等，这些政策也会从不同角度和层面对宏观经济运行进行调节。
宏观经济学政策的制定与执行，旨在优化资源配置，促进经济健康发展，提高民众生活水平和社会福利。
02教案_宏观经济学_柳玉寿
15mins
Depreciation is the wear and tear on the economy’ s stock of equipment and structures. National Income National Income is the total income earned by a nation’s residents in the production of goods and services. It differs from NNP by excluding indirect business taxes (such as sales taxes) and including business subsidies. 11.Personal Income Personal income is the income that households and noncorporate businesses receive. Unlike national income, it excludes retained earnings, which is income that corporations have earned but have not paid out to their owners. In addition, it includes household’s interest income and government transfers. Disposable Personal Income Disposable personal income is the income that household and noncorporate businesses have left after satisfying all their obligations to the government. It equals personal income minus personal taxes and certain nontax payments. The Components of GDP 12.GDP (Y ) is the sum of the following: Consumption (C) Investment (I) Government Purchases (G) Net Exports (NX) Y = C + I + G + NX The Components of GDP Consumption (C): The spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing. Investment (I): The spending on capital equipment, inventories, and structures, including new housing. The Components of GDP Government Purchases (G): The spending on goods and services by local, state, and federal governments. Does not include transfer payments because they are not made in exchange for currently produced goods or services. Net Exports (NX): Exports minus imports. GDP and Its Components (1998) GDP and Its Components (1998) GDP and Its Components (1998) GDP and Its Components (1998) GDP and Its Components (1998) GDP and Its Components (1998) 13.Real versus Nominal GDP Nominal GDP values the production of goods and services at current prices.
经济学英语知识点归纳
经济学英语知识点归纳经济学是研究如何合理利用资源以满足人们需求的一门社会科学。
在学习经济学时，掌握经济学英语知识点是很重要的。
下面将详细介绍一些常见的经济学英语知识点。
1. Microeconomics（微观经济学）: Microeconomics studies the behavior of individual consumers and firms in making decisions on the allocation oflimited resources.2. Macroeconomics （宏观经济学）: Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole.3. Supply and Demand（供求关系）: Supply refers to the quantity of a good or service that producers are willing to offer at a given price, while demand refers to the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing to buy at a given price. The interaction between supply and demand determines the equilibrium price and quantity in a market.4. Elasticity（弹性）: Elasticity measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded or supplied to changes in price or income. Price elasticity of demand measures the percentage change in quantity demanded due to a 1% change in price, while price elasticity of supply measures the percentage change in quantity supplied due to a 1% change in price.5. Market Structure（市场结构）: Market structure refers to thecharacteristics of a market, such as the number of firms, barriers to entry, and degree of product differentiation. Common market structures includeperfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly.6. GDP (Gross Domestic Product)（国内生产总值）: GDP is the total value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given period of time. It is commonly used as an indicator of economic performance.7. Inflation（通货膨胀）: Inflation refers to a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services over a period of time. It reduces the purchasing power of money and can have negative effects on an economy.8. Unemployment（失业）: Unemployment refers to the state of being without a job. It is an important economic indicator and can have significant social andeconomic consequences.9. Fiscal Policy（财政政策）: Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. It is often used to stabilize the economy and promote economic growth.10. Monetary Policy（货币政策）: Monetary policy refers to the actions taken by a central bank to control the money supply and interest rates in order to influence the economy. It is often used to control inflation and promote economic stability.11. Comparative Advantage（比较优势）: Comparative advantage refers to the ability of a country, individual, or firm to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than others. It is the basis for international trade.12. Exchange Rate（汇率）: The exchange rate is the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another. It is determined by supply and demand in the foreign exchange market and can have a significant impact on international trade and investment.13. Trade Balance（贸易平衡）: Trade balance refers to the difference betweena country's exports and imports. A positive trade balance, or trade surplus, occurs when exports exceed imports, while a negative trade balance, or trade deficit, occurs when imports exceed exports.14. Market Failure（市场失灵）: Market failure occurs when the allocation of resources by a free market is inefficient and leads to a suboptimal outcome. Common causes of market failure include externalities, public goods, and imperfect competition.15. Game Theory（博弈论）: Game theory is a branch of economics that studies the strategic interactions between individuals or firms in situations where the outcome of one's decision depends on the decisions of others. It is used to analyze behavior in situations such as oligopoly and bargaining.以上是一些常见的经济学英语知识点。
南开19春学期(1503、1509、1603、1609、1703)《跨境支付与结算》在线作业1答案
南开19春学期（1503、1509、1603、1609、1703）《跨境支付与结算》在线作业-14、B一、单选题共20题，40分1、中国银行在( )年发行了长城国际贷记卡。
A1995年B1978年C1998年D1985年本题选择是：？2、IDEAL是()的重要的支付方式A英国B德国C荷兰D巴西本题选择是：？3、同行电子支票网络支付模式中的“同行”指( )。
A同一个行业的B同一个银行C一起走路的D是一首歌曲本题选择是：？4、Dineromail是属于以下哪种类型的支付方式()A即时银行转账B线下银行转账C直接扣款D电子支票付款本题选择是：？5、拒付是()将一笔交易的金融责任退回到收单行,收单行可依次退回到商户。
本质上,它是退还一笔销售交易。
A收单行B商户C发卡行D卡组织本题选择是：？6、信用证的第一付款责任人应该是( )A开证行B通知行C转让行D议付行本题选择是：？7、电子钱包(E-wallet)是一个在SET交易中运行在( )的软件A网上商店端B银行卡发行商端C银行卡持卡人端D银行卡受理银行端本题选择是：？8、持卡人实际用卡消费、存取现、转帐交易或与相关机构实际生成交易的日期叫做()A交易日B记账日C还款日D账单日本题选择是：？9、能够为将来一段时期的外汇收付提前固定换汇成本,起到防范汇率风险,进行货币保值的作用的外汇产品是()A人民币与外币掉期B远期结售汇C即期结售汇D人民币期权本题选择是：？10、汇率按照各国货币制度可分为国定汇率和( )A固定汇率B间接标价法C浮动汇率D直接标记法本题选择是：？11、()是VISA等卡组织针对信用卡支付的现状所制定的商业规则,创建目的在于确保收单行能够对其商户的收单运营实施妥善控制。
AGBPPBMCMPCHRCMPDIACC本题选择是：？12、信用卡正面的银联标示是()A银行标示B发卡机构标志C信用卡标示D借记卡标志本题选择是：？13、SWIFT CODE是BKCHCNBJ110,这家银行是在()A北京B香港C深圳D上海本题选择是：？14、目前跨境电商最大的目标国家是()A法国B美国C中国D英国本题选择是：？15、境外电商网站支付用户选择上述两种支付方式的用户占比分别为( )和32.8%。
K201409《国际商务英语(专科)》复习题
厦门大学网络教育2014-2015学年第一学期《国际商务英语（专科）》课程复习题一、请将下列英文单词翻译成中文(1) umpire仲裁人(2) vendor供应商(3) Cash With Order认购即付(4) mortgage债权(5) market share市场占有率; (6) Free of Particular Average单独海损不赔(7) C.I.F. I.到岸岛(8) F. A. A.(9) Open policy开放政策;(10) Mail transfer邮件传输(11) Advice of drawing提款通知(12) Foul bill of lading不结提单(13) Consignment merchandise代销商品(14) C.I.F. & C到岸价格和C(15) Negotiation of draft汇票的议付二、请将下列短语翻译成英文(1) 贴现行情discount quotation(2) 原产地证明书certificate of origin(3) 保兑银行confirming bank (4) 暂行条例interim regulations(5) 总经销商sole distributor(6) 透支overdraw(7) 关税协定tariff compact(8) 收盘closing quotation(9) 传票summons(10) 股票shares(11) 租船契约charter party(12) 债权人creditor(13) 出口申请书Export application(14) 水渍险W.P.A.(15) 付款交单document against payment三、单选题1. Thank you for your letter of March 3, in which you promised immediate shipment of the gloves we _________________ on January 10.B) ordered2. Could you please _________________ this and see what you can do about effecting the delivery as soon as possible.B) look after3. Your letter addressed to the ABC company has been _________________ us for attention.A) transformed to4. It is our policy to develop trade with friendly countries on the _________________ of equality, mutual benefit and exchange of needed goods.B) basis5. We are sending you, under _________________ , by airmail a copy of the latest catalog.A) separate cover6. We shall be glad if you will send us samples with your lowest prices and best discount for _________________.D) cash7. Your firm has been _________________ to us by Mr. Zhang, with whom we have done business for many years.A) recommended8. Please offer quotations which can be supplied from _________________.A) stock9. In _________________ with your request, we have marked the price of each article which you wished to know.B) compliance10. As requested, we are _________________ our quotation therefore in triplicate and shall appreciate your placing the order with us as early as possible.A) submitting11.We are sorry we cannot _________________ your counter-offer.A)entertain12.Your offer is out of line _________________ ruling market here.A)with13.We regret that there is no stipulation of transshipment _________________ allowed in your L/C.C) being14.We are glad we have been able to put the business to _________________.C) success15.It is necessary to _________________ the specifications to the requirements.B) conform16.We appreciate your effort _________________ pushing the sale of our products these years.D) in17.You may _________________ the expenses incurred.B) charge18.We should never omit a word _________________ the expense of clearness.B) at19.Insurance is to be _________________ by the buyer if a transaction is concluded on FOB or CIF basis.B) covered20.With regard to Contract No. 11, we are agreeable _________________ D/P payment terms.B) to21. We enclosed our official order for 40 cases, _________________ you will note that the shipment is to be effected in September.A) from which22. This offer will remain _________________ until July 30, 2015.A) firm23. We have been in business since 2002, and therefore have wide experience in all the _________________ we handle.C) lines24. Please inform us _________________ your trade terms and forward samples and product brochures.A) of25. We wish to buy _________________ tea and coffee cups and sauces of different shapes.A)quality26. We can assure you that all your orders will _________________ our immediate attention.D) receive27. We are convinced that with joint efforts business between us _________________ to our mutual benefit.B) will be developed28. Your letter of May 7th _________________ to the Import Company has been passed onto us for attention.C) addressed29. We hope you will _________________ our claim.B) full settle30. You will be responsible _________________ of the goods in transit.D) for the loss四、阅读理解Adam Smith, the father of free trade and author of the free trader’s bible, The Wealth of Nations, has just been honored twice. Firstly, his face will now appear on the new $20 note to be printed by the Bank of England. And secondly, he s the subject of a book just published by the American satirist O’Rourke in a series called “Books the changed the World”.So what did Adam Smith stand for exactly? Even though he wrote in the 18th century, many of his observations about the economy are true today. His basic theory was that if you give people the freedom to improve their own economic situation, they will also improve everyone else’s: “it is not form the benevolence of the butcher the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest.”Writing at the time of the industrial revolution and the beginning of manufacturing, he also recognized the importance of dividing work into specialized tasks. In other words, if each person concentrated on a task they were good at, the total effort would be more productive. This lesson has now been adopted on a global scale. In each developed or developing country goods are imported from other countries where they are produced most cheaply and efficiently. In this way free trade becomes the natural way to improve standards of living all over the world.O’Rourke agrees that Smith’s ideas are still relevant to us, but not because of economics. He disagrees with people who think that there is something immoral in believing in the individual’s right to promote his own profit and self-interest. “His importance was not just to economics,it was the connection of morality to economics,”says O’Rourke. “That was his true genius.”Smith believed that people were motivated by more than profit; they also wanted to please other people and to win their approval. By what he called “self-command” people are able to control selfish feelings and do “benevolent acts”, that is to show kindness and charity towards others.O’Rourke thinks that the important economic message of Adam Smith’s is for governments. The less that they interfere in the economy, the better it does. “Economics is forever telling us to leave people alone,” he says. The trouble, he thinks, is that governments are always trying to regulate business and economic activity in order to justify their own existence.1.The title of Adam Smith’s book is _________________.A)Books that Changed the world2.Adam Smith believed that people _________________.A).B)Value freedom more than anything else.3.If work is divided into specialized tasks, _________________.A)it creates more employment.B)it makes goods more expensive.C)you can make more specialized products.D)you can produce more.4.The principle of free trade will _________________.A)make everyone in the world richer.B)help to make goods cheaper.C)be adopted in under-developed countries.D)not improve the quality of goods.5.Smith also believed that people naturally wanted to _________________.A)be kind to others.B)control others.C)work harder than others.D)educate themselves.五、汉译英（一）敬启者：贵方4月28日来函收悉，谢谢。
国际金融英文课件2共45页
• Balance of payments accounting – Helps us keep track of both changes in a country’s indebtedness to foreigners and the fortunes of its export- and import-competing industries
– 宏观经济学以整个国民经济作为研究对象，研究经济总量的决定及其变化规律。 具体来说，就是研究国民收入决定和变动；长期的经济增长和短期的经济波动； 以及相关的通货膨胀、失业和国际收支等问题。宏观经济学通过经济总量的分析 以期为政府制定宏观经济政策提供理论依据。
– It emphasizes four aspects of economic life: • Unemployment • Saving • Trade imbalances • Money and the price level
Balance of payments
• The balance of payments (BOP) is the method countries use to monitor all international monetary transactions at a specific period of time. Usually, the BOP is calculated every quarter and every calendar year. All trades conducted by both the private and public sectors are accounted for in the BOP in order to determine how much money is going in and out of a country.
大学英语第四册习题第六章
UNIT 6Ⅰ、短对话Directions:In this section, you'll hear some short conversations. At the end of each conversation, one question will be asked. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.1、A. Science fiction movies.B. Horror movies.C. Adventures.D. Romances.2、 A. She should stop admiring the lives of celebrities.B. She should learn from the lives of celebrities.C. She should have more confidence in life.D. She should develop a new hobby or skill.3、 A. Because his work experience met the course requirements.B. Because his tutor didn’t approve his choice.C. Because he found it hard to fulfill the course requirements.D. Because he needed more practical experience for the course.4、 A. Because she likes to read books at her own pace.B. Because she likes to add books to her own library.C. Because she doesn’t like reading in the library.D. Because she likes to collect rather than read books.5、 A. There is no agreement on the amount of violence.B. Police dramas have a positive influence on children.C. Parents complain there is too much violence on TV.D. Parents want their children to view heroes as role models.6、 A. The late fee.B. The rental rate.C. The purchase price.D. The Internet charge.7、 A. Much relieved.B. Rather guilty.C. Greatly troubled.D. Somewhat better.8、 A. He will sell his house to make a living.B. He can no longer bear his marriage.C. He wants to remember his previous marriage.D. He wants to forget his life with his ex-wife.Ⅱ、长对话Directions:In this section, you'll hear some long conversations. At the end of each conversation, some questions will be asked. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.9、A. Play video games.B. See an action movie.C. Watch a new comedy.D. See the new theater.10、A. They give him a lot of fun.B. They help him solve problems.C. They are healthier than action movies.D. They are less violent than action movies.11、A. It presents no risk to his health.B. It is harmful to their relationship.C. It stops him from having fun.D. It takes his time away from other things.12、A. It has a great location.B. It sells delicious popcorn.C. It shows lots of great movies.D. It has a special sound system.13、A. His daughter cared too little about making money.B. His daughter used his credit card for an emergency.C. His daughter spent too much with his credit card.D. His daughter knew little about what she really needed.14、A. Spent $400 dealing with an emergency.B. Posted new fashion colors and styles on her blog.C. Read some blogs to learn about new fashions.D. Looked for information on the new spring colors.15、A. It keeps her updated about her blog readers.B. It helps her learn about new fashion trends.C. It gives her a chance to travel around the world.D. It satisfies her fans to keep up with the new trends.16、A. Learn to manage her money with a budget.B. Create a blog for her father on a new website.C. Take courses that can teach her how to budget.D. Go to the movies or out for coffee with friends.Ⅲ、长文章Directions:In this section, you’ll hear some passages. At the end of each passage, you'll hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.17、A. Those who went to fight in World War II.B. Those who came of age in the 1970s.C. Those who grew up at the end of the 20th century.D. Those who invested in the stock market in the 1950s.18、A. Reading others’ blogs and texts.B. Sharing their creative works online.C. Learning from new creative websites.D. Searching for new hand-held devices.19、A. Because they have made great contribution to the electronic age.B. Because they are average people who like to do everything by themselves.C. Because they demand the same rights of being heard as famous authors and artists.D. Because they are passionate followers of established authors, musicians and filmmakers.20、A. Use of hand-held devices for blogging and texting.B. Help of experts who are ready to share their skills.C. New media which are readily accessible online.D. Program packages which are easy to get and use.Ⅳ、介副词填空Directions:Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with appropriate prepositions or adverbs. Fill in each blank with only ONE word.He was determined to emancipate his people 21、the control of the colonizers and establish an independent country.The heel of his right shoe always wears 22、 more severely than the left one as he prefers to use the right leg more often.His job was to weld certain parts 23、 automobiles, which required him to keep standing on the assembly line for hours.The young man decided to live 24、 the grid and lead a simple life as an effort to advocate environmental protection.The residents of the city protested to the mayor, urging him to permit the voters to have a say 25、 important matters in city construction.Aiming at winning the support of the suburban middle-class voters, the candidates for the local committee started to cater 26、 their needs.When the drama teacher found out that her district was planning to lay 27、art teachers and kill training programs for amateur performers, she stepped up to save them.History has proved that the ruler who was dependent only upon his power without finding “the way to the people” was destined 28、failure.With an intensive training of five months, this course aims to develop the reading skills to extract information 29、 texts.The research center predicted that the worldwide airline industry would only scrape 30、really thin profit margins this year due to high fuel prices. Ⅴ、词汇与结构Directions:For each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one to complete each sentence.31、Living off the ________ might sound fashionable, but in fact it requires great ability of managing one’s life under unpredictable conditions.A. gripB. gridC. grindD. grab32、Computers are smart enough to play chess or ________ speech, but a general theory of machine intelligence still remains beyond our reach.A. ascribeB. prescribeC. describeD. transcribe33、When he used the Internet for the first time, he felt he entered a completely ________ and exciting world he’d never visited before by just clicking the mouse.A. apartB. alertC. awareD. alien34、I will do nothing but ________ you all not to take thought for your own properties,but to care about the greatest improvement of the soul.A. persuadeB. persuadingC. to persuadeD. persuaded35、In the joint session of the US Congress, the ________ took a different stand from the Democrats as they strongly supported building at least a limited national defense.A. republicB. academiciansC. academicD. Republicans36、The old entrepreneur didn’t ________ any of his employees during that serious recession, which won him high respect in local communities.A. lay onB. lay outC. lay offD. lay away37、The boys brought with them drums and guitars, and determined to make a ________ at the school party that day.A. rocketB. rockC. racketD. crack38、Kate’s $370-per-week unemployment payments started coming in, and we saw that we could just ________ on them if we squeezed out every penny.A. stand outB. scrape byC. catch upD. pass by39、Of course, not all gifted children are ________ to be a scientist in the future, but this does not mean that the spirit of science is of no use to them.A. definedB. remindedC. refinedD. destined40、Blinking helps ________ the surface of the eye with tears, washing away dust and other irritants and keeping the sight clear.A. indicateB. fabricateC. illuminateD. lubricateⅥ、阅读理解Directions:Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to each question.Few ideas from social science have dug their way into the public imagination like Dunbar’s Number, the famous finding that we humans can’t cope with a social circle much larger than 150 people. The average size of modern hunter-gatherer communities, it’s been calculated, is 148.8. The average size of army companies through history, from the Romans to the USSR, hovers around 150. And the average number of people to whom Britons send Christmas cards, according to a 2003 study, is 153.5. No wonder so many panic-merchants worry that online social networks will destroy society. To accumulate 1,000 Facebook friends, Dunbar’s Number suggests, is to violate a law as old as humanity itself.In fact, the panic-merchants are wrong: Social networks don’t replace offline friendships. Nonetheless, Dunbar’s work does suggest something troubling about modern friendship. For centuries – and especially since the Industrial Revolution – we’ve been uprooting ourselves from the communities in which we were born. Until recently, on arriving in a new place, you’d inevitably lose your ties with the one you’d left; you’d be forced to invest fully in a new social circle. These days, however, thanks to email and Skype, you need never cut those ties. You never leave your old life behind, so your emotional investments are scattered.One consequence is that the people in your circle of 150 are far less likely to know each other. Or, as Dunbar writes, “Our social networks are no longer as densely interconnected as they once were.” Anyone who’s ever fled small-town life mightrespond: Thank God for that. After all, there won’t be people who are always snooping (窥探) on your business.Yet it turns out that when close friends know each other, good things happen. For example, Dunbar’s research shows that people are more altruistic (利他的) toward each other in dense social networks. Why are densely linked friends better friends? In a dense network, an act of friendship is two things at once: an expression of an individual bond, and another stitch in a bigger social fabric.Now you have a good reason to introduce your friends to each other. True, they’ll probably gossip about you at some point, but then that strengthens the social fabric, too.41、According to the passage, Dunbar’s Number is ____________.A. a method to calculate the average size of modern human communitiesB. a public opinion on the potential influence of online social networksC. a theory that states the limit of the size of one’s social circleD. a scientific concept that once influenced human society in history42、The word “panic-merchants” (Para. 1) refers to people ____________.A. who have an intense fear of meeting others through online social networksB. who worry about the big size of social circles created by online networkingC. who are afraid of the lack of privacy on social networking websitesD. who disbelieve the power of densely connected social networks43、Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Social networks are more scattered today than before the Industrial Revolution.B. Social networks are smaller today because people spend more time online.C. Social networks become denser today due to the extensive use of the Internet.D. Social networks bear stronger emotional bonds today than centuries ago.44、According to the author, one bad thing about a dense social network is that ____________.A. one’s business is hard to developB. one’s privacy can be easily invadedC. one has few chances to meet new friendsD. one has to cut ties with friends in distant places45、What is the author’s overall attitude toward dense social networks?A. Indifferent.B. Unclear.C. Negative.D. Positive.The term “off the grid” refers to living in a self-sufficient manner without reliance on one or more public utilities. On 13 April 2006, USA Today reported that there were some 180,000 families living off-grid in America, a figure that has jumped 33 percent a year for a decade. Because many third-world citizens have never had the chance to go on the grid, current estimates are that 1.7 billion people live off-grid worldwide.Off-the-grid homes do not rely on municipal water supply, natural gas, electrical power grid or similar utility services. A true “off the grid” house is able to operate independently of all traditional public services. Electrical power can be generated on-site with renewable sources such as solar, wind or geothermal (地热的) energy; with a generator and adequate fuel reserves; or simply done without. Such electricity system is called a stand-alone power system. On-site water sources can include a well, stream, or lake. Depending on the water source, this may include pumps and / or filtration. Rainwater can also be harvested.In his book How to Live Off-grid, Nick Rosen lists seven reasons for going off-grid. The top two are saving money, and reducing the carbon footprint. Another is survivalism, which means preparing for emergencies such as disruptions in social or political order. Others include preparing for the collapse of the oil economy and bringing life back to the countryside.Going off-grid can be done to lower the environmental impact of living, as the typically limited amount of on-site renewable energy available is an incentive to reduce its use. But if energy usage is not reduced, going off-grid actually has a larger environmental impact against using the grid, due to the lower efficiencies of the components. It is often done to residential buildings only occasionally occupied, such as vacation cabins, to avoid high initial costs of traditional utility connections. Other persons choose to live in houses where the cost of outside utilities is prohibitive, or of such a distance away as to be impractical.46、What does the passage say about people living in third-world countries?A. About 1.7 billion of them are currently living off-grid.B. Many of them have no access to modern public utilities.C. Their homes are getting more dependent on public utilities.D. The number of them living off-grid is increasing by 33 percent a year.47、A house that is truly off the grid is able to operate ____________.A. without using any on-site renewable energyB. without using any water filtration equipmentC. without relying on traditional public utilitiesD. without relying on independent power supply48、Which of the following is NOT a reason for going off-grid given by Nick Rosen?A. Expanding public services.B. Reviving the countryside.C. Reducing carbon emission.D. Preparing for political instability.49、According to the passage, what may be a negative effect of living off-grid?A. It may discourage people from paying for traditional utility connections.B. It may limit the amount of on-site renewable energy available for the house.C. It may increase the cost of residential buildings only occasionally occupied.D. It may do harm to the environment due to lower efficiencies of energy usage.50、What is the author’s attitude toward “off the grid” life?A. Positive.B. Neutral.C. Negative.D. Indifferent.This is what I have noticed in sports club: In every class at my club, every single attendee is female. They are old, they are young; some are fit, and some are not. But, save for one of the instructors, they are all women. Conversely, just about every man in the club (including me) works out by himself, usually on the machines or free weights.This is not something accidental. As it relates to the sexes, there must be some insights into human behavior. But what? Could it be that women feel more comfortable in groups than men? If so, why? And in what way do men feel more comfortable? Why do we prefer exercising alone?Digging deeper, I wonder if these distinctive behaviors are markers for both genders. Men have always identified with the lone wolf. Look at the heroes in the movies. We have the Marlboro Man, even the Terminator. Men find something timeless and appealing to the lonely heroes, always. Clint Eastwood and Rambo acted alone. The darker the persona (角色) the more men relate. They become heroes when they save others and solve serious problems – all by themselves. Necessarily, then, this would have women identifying with groups, like The Real Housewives of …However, men also play on teams. We can relate to a band of brothers and fight on battlefields together. So, why is it that women almost universally work out in groups and men don’t?I believe it has more to do with each gender’s willingness to ask for help. In other words, the same psychology that makes so many men reluctant to ask for directions is also what keeps them out of those gym classes. Ironically, it is a defect of character, but the role of problem solver is too deep-rooted in their masculinity for them to behave otherwise. Subconsciously considering themselves capable of solving problems individually, men would regard it feminine to ask for help from others, especially at the gym, where their physical manhood is on display. In general, women don’t have this problem. They take comfort in unity or are at least motivated by that unity.51、The author notices in the sports club that ___________.A. women like to go to the sports club, no matter how old they areB. in sports classes men are instructors while women are attendeesC. women like sports classes, while men prefer working aloneD. both sexes like working in groups though with different activities52、The author mentions some roles in movies for the purpose of ___________.A. proving that men identify with darker personaB. arguing that men dislike working out aloneC. illustrating famous actors’ performance skillsD. showing that men admire independent heroes53、What does the word “universally” (Para. 4) probably mean in the passage?A. Necessarily.B. Everywhere.C. Consciously.D. Never.54、According to the author, why are men reluctant to work in groups in sports club?A. Because they want to show their physical manhood.B. Because they like to seek for unity and help elsewhere.C. Because they prefer dealing with various machines.D. Because they are reluctant to communicate with others.55、What is the author’s main point in the passage?A. Working in a team is always a good chance to show physical strength.B. Women are considered the weaker gender as they always need others’ help.C. Men like to work alone because independence facilitates problem solving.D. The pursuit of masculinity accounts for some distinctive behaviors of men.The road signs have been changed – no longer “Men at Work” but “People Working.” Forty-four percent of all employed Americans are women, and the percentage continues to rise. Are the gains being made by women in the workplace coming at the expense of men?The answer is clear. Unless total employment in the nation expands more rapidly than it has, men are going to continue to lose out in the job race to women. But the process by which the change is taking place is complex, and the explanation goes beyond the political and legal pressures that are part of “women’s pursuit for equal rights.”There have been changes in the character of work that have motivated hiring of women. In the insurance industry, for example, the positions of adjusters (理算师) and examiners were once largely held by men, who went out and inspected cases reported. Today, the work consists mainly of sitting at a computer terminal, entering insurance claims. Women now hold 65 percent of these jobs, up from 27 percent in 1970. That happened in the meat-packing industry, too, where automatic machines for moving sides of beef have eased the need for so much lifting. Since 1970, the proportion of packing house butchers who are women has increased by more than one-third.The proportion of women among graduate students has also been increasing dramatically, providing stiff competition for young men who, a generation earlier, might have been all but certain of executive or professional careers.Of course, discrimination against women continues. Yet the trend toward the displacement of male workers goes on. According to the United States Labor Department, two-thirds of the growth in the labor force between now and 2015 will be accounted for by women.In a nation that prides itself on a commitment to equality of opportunity, women’s progress in the workplace can only be seen as inevitable and fair. That should not, however, blind us to the major impact this change will have, not only in terms of jobs but in terms of the society as a whole, unsettling the balance of relationships in the family and raising new problems concerning male self-esteem.56、It is suggested in the passage that ___________.A. the total employment in the US is expanding more rapidly than it hasB. men may lose their advantages in the US job market in the futureC. women are becoming more conscious of their rights in the workplaceD. political pressures may force women to lose many job opportunities57、What does the example of the meat-packing industry show?A. Insurance claims have been mainly processed on the computer since the 1970s.B. Women have great talent for using automatic machines to handle heavy lifting.C. Changes in the nature of work have triggered companies to employ more women.D. American meat-packing industry prefers to hire men to do the job of meat cutting.58、What may happen as a result of the increasing proportion of female graduate students?A. Growth in the US labor force may turn slower than in previous years.B. Discrimination against women in the workplace may be hard to change.C. Competition for employment between women may become more intense.D. The number of women taking up executive or professional jobs may increase.59、Which of the following does the author most likely agree?A. People should applaud the trend toward higher proportions of female workers.B. Equality of opportunity is impossible to realize without men’s commitment.C. The public is blind to the impacts of the changes in the American labor force.D. Displacement of male workers can be prevented if more work is done on computer.60、What is the author probably going to discuss next?A. Importance of balanced relationships in the family.B. Negative effects of women’s progress in employment.C. Legal measures to ensure equality of opportunity.D. Good ways to maintain male self-esteem in the workplace.。
宏微观经济学英文名词解释
宏微观经济学英文名词解释Macroeconomics and Microeconomics: Key Concepts Explained。
In the realm of economics, two fundamental branches govern the analysis and understanding of economic systems: macroeconomics and microeconomics. These disciplines delve into the intricate workings of economies, albeit from different perspectives. Below, we elucidate the key concepts in both macro and microeconomics, shedding light on their significance and how they shape our understanding of economic phenomena.Macroeconomics:。
1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): GDP serves as a cornerstone indicator in macroeconomics, representing the total value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders over a specific period. It encapsulates the economic health and performance of a nation, reflecting its overall output and standard of living.2. Inflation: Inflation denotes the rate at which the general price level of goods and services rises over time. It erodes purchasing power and influences consumer behavior, investment decisions, and government policies. Central banks often target a specific inflation rate to maintain economic stability.3. Unemployment: Unemployment measures the proportion of the labor force actively seeking employment but unable to find jobs. It reflects underutilization of labor resources within an economy, impacting income distribution, social welfare, and government expenditure on welfare programs.4. Fiscal Policy: Fiscal policy pertains to the use of government spending and taxation to influence economic conditions. Governments employ fiscal measures to stimulate or restrain economic growth, manage inflation, and address unemployment through budgetary adjustments and public expenditure programs.5. Monetary Policy: Monetary policy involves the regulation of money supply and interest rates by central banks to achieve macroeconomic objectives. Through tools like open market operations and reserve requirements, monetary authorities aim to control inflation, stabilize currency value, and promote economic growth.Microeconomics:。
China’s_Exhibition_Economy_Maintained_Rapid_Growth
40The year of 2015 has witnessedrecovery and adjustment of world economy after the international financial crisis. China’s exhibitionindustry is often considered as an important platform for constructing modern market system and open economic system.Recently, Annual Report on China’s Exhibition Industry (2015) was published. China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) started to edit and publish China’s Fairs and Exhibitions in 1995 and China Exhibition Annuals in 1999. Since 2004, they have organized experts in exhibition industry to work on the Annual Report on China’s Exhibition Industry based on a lot of surveys and analyses. In 2005, the CCPIT, together with The Global Association of the Exhibition Industry (U FI), International Association of Exhibitions and Events (IAEE) and Society of Independent Show Organizers(SISO), founded China Expo Forum for International Cooperation (CEFCO) and issued the first Annual Report on China’s Exhibition Industry 2004 on the Forum.Macro development trend of China ’s exhibition industryThe total volume of domestic exhibi-tion market grows against the trend.According to the report, China’s exhibition industry has obtained rapid growth again since it was shortly adjusted in 2014. Incomplete statistics show that China has 3,168 exhibitions in 2015, which cover a total area of about 89 million m² and include 2,612 economic and trade exhibitions, representing an approximately 7.8% increase than in 2014 and covering a total area of around 78.74 million m², an approximately 10.8% increase than in 2014. 74% of exhibition cities above designated size see increase in exhibition area, especially inBy Lili Wang China’s Exhibition Economy Maintained Rapid Growth in Spiteof Global RecessionChina’s exhibition industry has obtained rapid growth again since it was shortly adjusted in 2014.major exhibition cities in economically developed areas. The overall scale of exhibitions continues to increase at a rate of 1.2% only, indicating evidently slower growth and that “intensive” development gradually becomes the “standard” in exhibition industry.Overseas exhibition market shrinks its scale.China’s foreign trade suffered great difficulties in 2015, manifesting as larger downward pressure on export and a comparatively large decrease in import. Overseas exhibition market is significantly impacted and shrinks in overall scale, resulting in slowdown of holding exhibitions in emerging markets but further increase in quantity and quality of self-organized exhibitions.As of October 31st, 2015, 94 exhibition organizers throughout the country have carried out 1,385 projects in 62 countries. Compared with in 2014, China has witnessed an 11.3% decrease in the number of exhibition organizers, a 4.6% decrease in the number of exhibiting countries and a 4.3% decrease in the number of projects, including 1,291 international fairs, representing a 5.6% decline, and 94 individual exhibitions (self-organized ones), representing a 19% exhibition industry. In April, theState Council issued Several Opinionson Fu r t her Promot i ng R efor mand Development of ExhibitionIndustry, followed by provinces suchas Fujian, Hubei and Heilongjiangin succession introducing relevantpolicy implementation documents. Inlast October, Ministry of Commerceled to establish the inter-ministerialjoint conference system for promotingreform and development of exhibitionindustry, showing that exhibitionindustr y, as an essential part ofmodern service industry, is becomingan important grasp on mode transferand restructuring by governmentsat all levels. Ministry of Financehas issued the Notice on Reform ofFinancial Support for Disconnection ofIndustry Associations and Chambersof Commerce (Trial) to graduallyreduce and f inally cancel directf inancial allocations for nationalindustry associations and chambers ofcommerce, support the developmentof industry associations and chambersof commerce by buying services andencourage accelerated disconnection ofindustry associations and chambers ofcommerce. Under the guidance of thispolicy, industry associations, chambersdeveloped. There has been a remarkableincrease in the number of off icialwebsites, micro-blogs and WeChataccounts of exhibitions, with commonapplication of public accounts, APPand other new technologies. Besides,exhibition information platformconstruction becomes the new directionof information-oriented developmentwhile national exhibition informationplatform, local exhibition informationplatforms and exhibition informationtrade platform independently developedby enterprises become three carriagesfor promoting the development ofexhibition information platformdevelopment, wh ic h lay a sol idfoundation for holding online virtualexhibitions and promoting applicationof new technologies such as cloudcomputing, big data, Internet of Thingsand mobile internet in exhibitionindust r y in t he f ut u re. Mut ua lpromotion and coordinated developmentof the exhibition industry and newInternet technologies are becoming newfeatures of China’s exhibition market.Venue construction continuouslypicks up.Statistics show that there are 136professional exhibition centers that cover42An exhibition involves high aggregation of goods, people, capital flow and information flow.scale, high design specification and new construction idea have been completed and put into use in 2015, actively promoting the development of local exhibition economy, for example, National Convention and Exhibition Center that covers an area of 400,000 m² in Shanghai, Kunming Dianchi International Convention and Exhibition Center that covers an area of 300,000 square metres in Yunnan, Zhuhai International Conference and Exhibition Center that covers an area of 30,000 m² in Guangdong, China Asia Conference and Exhibition Center that covers 140,000 m², etc.With continuous growth of venue construction, however, the hidden worry of insufficient utilization of exhibition facilities rises gradually. According to statistics, up to half of exhibition centers host a total show area of less than 200,000 m² and 44% of exhibition centers witness a rate of occupancy below 10% in 2015, indicating Serious excess of China’s exhibition venue construction.Outlook of Chinese Exhibition Industry in 2016China’s exhibition industry will accelerate its restructuring, with innovation playing a leading role in transformation and upgrading.T h e y e a r o f 2016 w i l l b e important for transformation of China’s exhibition industry to specialization and market orientation. It is estimated that exhibition market for industries with comparatively large pressure on “de-stocking and de-capacity”, e.g., building materials, rolled steel and other infrastructure industries, steel, coal and other energy Chapter I A Review and Outlook of China’s Exhibition Industry in 2015 Annual R e p or t on Ch i n a’s E x h i bit ion Industry (2015) 57·industries, heavy chemical industry and some industries related to manufacturing and export orientation, will be subject to more intense competition. Innovation of exhibition projects in service industry and emerging industries will have a tremendous space for growth.Industry association is undergoing reformative development and promotes optimization and reorganizationthrough capital operation.W i t h t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o frelevant documents for promoting thedevelopment of exhibition industry bythe State Council and the establishmentof inter-ministerial joint conference forexhibition industry, the foundation ofnational association of the exhibitionindustry that is highly authoritativeand covers extensive fields and a widescope will become an important pushfor healthy development of nationalexhibition industry.Wit h t he d is con ne c t ion ofindustry associations and chambers ofcommerce with government agencies,exhibition organizer market will befaced with further integration. It isestimated that some chambers ofcommerce and societies will participatein market competition by adjusting theirinstitutional framework, registeringentity enterprises as well as selling andtransferring exhibition managementright.In terms of capital operation, someprivate and foreign exhibition companiesare pioneers in acquisition and mergersof exhibitions. As the State Councilhas issued the Opinions on State-owned Enterprises Developing Mixedownership Economy, it is estimatedthat more state-owned enterprises andcapital will participate in merging andreorganization of exhibitions as well asconstruction and operation of exhibitionvenues via capital market in future,thus further boosting marketization ofexhibition industry.“Internet+” becomes a drivingforce for innovative development ofexhibition industry.An exhibition involves highaggregation of goods, people, capital flowand information flow. As exhibitions arefeatured by a large number of resources,short duration and complex structureof participants, it is impossible for deepmining with traditional data processingmethods. Mobile internet has rebuiltcommercial value, changed serviceboundary, improved service efficiencyand quality, thus having become animportant means to reform forms ofexhibition. It is estimated that China’sexhibition industry will acceleratereengineering of Internet processesfor operation mechanism and use bigdata to develop platform managementand operation, so as to open up anew situation for the development ofexhibition industry.Exhibition venues continue toincrease in area and are faced withseparation and integration.The year of 2016 will see a largenumber of exhibition venues beingconstructed or completed and put intouse in exhibition center cities, such asShenzhen, Qingdao and Hangzhou,and traditionally second- and third-tier cities, such as Changsha, Harbinand Xi’an. For instance, ShenzhenI nt e r n a t ion a l C on f e r e n c e a n dExhibition Center covers an area ofup to 500,000 m², which will becomethe world’s largest exhibition center;new exhibition centers in Qingdao andHangzhou also cover an area of 180,000m² and 150,000 m². Though the numberof exhibition venues will continue toincrease owing to investment inertia andsupport of local government policies, theinvestment mode in which some citiespromote exhibition venue constructionthrough real estate will be unsustainablein f ut ure under the sit uation ofslowdown of real estate investment.More intense competition in exhibitionmarket will accelerate centralizationof the market. Exhibition centers insome second- and third-tier cities willbe transformed and upgraded in viewof bottlenecks of exhibition marketdevelopment. And with completion andoperation of a batch of new exhibitioncenters, some old and outmoded onesare also confronted with upgrading andtransformation.(Source: Annual Report onChina’s Exhibition Industry 2015)。
Microeconomics and Macroeconomics 宏观经济与微观经济的区分以及案例分析教程文件
M i c r o e c o n o m i c sa n dM a c r o e c o n o m i c s宏观经济与微观经济的区分以及案例分析●Macroeconomics1. A branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets.2.Basic concepts:✓Output and income✓Unemployment✓Inflation and deflation.3.It studies aggregated indicators such as:✓GDP (gross domestic product): the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a year, or other given period of time. GDP percapita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living.✓Unemployment rate:"Unemployed workers" are those who are currently not working but are willing and able to work for pay, currently available to work, and have actively searched for work.✓Price indexes:1. CPI (Consumer price index): measures changes in the price level of a marketbasket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. Goods listed in the CPI include food and beverages, transportation, housing, clothing, medical care, recreation, education and communication, and other goods and services.2. PPI (Producer price index): measures the average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output.➢Macroeconomists develop models that explain the relationship between such factors as national income, output, consumption, unemployment, inflation, savings, investment,international trade and international finance.➢Macroeconomics policy:✓Monetary policy(interest rates)✓Fiscal policy (tax structure and government spending)●Microeconomics➢ A branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and small impacting players in making decisions on the allocation of limited resources.➢It applies to markets where goods or services are bought and sold. Microeconomics examines how these decisions and behaviors affect the supply and demand for goods and services,which determines prices, and how prices, in turn, determine the quantity supplied andquantity demanded of goods and services.➢It studies the topics as follows:✓Demand, supply, and equilibrium(market price): price is a market’s automatic regulator.✓Measurement of elasticities:✧The ratio of the percentage change in one variable to the percentage change inanother variable, when the latter variable has a causal influence on the former.✧Price elasticity of demand: a measure of the responsiveness of the quantitydemanded of a good to a change in its price when all other influences on buyers’plans remain the same.Percentage change in price=[(new price-initial price)/initial price]*100Percentage change in quantity=[(new quantity-initial quantity)/initial quantity]*100(-)<draw out the pics for each situation: 2 Yuan for each pic>Elastic demand: (dQ/Q)>(dP/P) or e>1Unit elastic demand: (dQ/Q)=(dP/P) or e=1Inelastic demand:(dQ/Q)<(dP/P) or e<1Perfectly elastic demand:(dQ/Q→∞)/(dP/P=0)Perfectly inelastic demand:dQ/Q=constantInfluences on the price elasticity of demand:1)availability of substitutes:Luxury VS necessity;Narrowness of definition;Time elapsed since price change2)proportion of income spent: the greater the proportion of income spent on a good,the greater is the impact of a rise in its price on the quantity of that good that peoplecan afford to buy and the more elastic is the demand for the good.✧price elasticity of supply (+) (for self learning)✧income elasticity of demand:>1 (normal good, income elastic)<1 (normal good, income inelastic)<0 (inferior good)✓Four elements of private enterprise: private property rights, freedom of choice, profits, and competition.✧Perfect competition: markets such that no participants are large enough to have the marketpower to set the price of a single product.✧Monopolistic competition: market or industry characterized by numerous buyers andrelatively numerous sellers trying to differentiate their products from those competitors.✧Monopoly: a single company is the only supplier of a particular commodity.✧Oligopoly: a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists).Four Different Types of Competition✓Game theory: the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers.Common Measures Used to Evaluate a Nation’s Economic Health。
微观经济学英文版
Chapter 1: The Fundamentals of Economics
Exercise & Discussion
Assume that Econoland produces haircuts and shirts with inputs of labor. Econoland has 1000 hours of labor available. A haircut requires ½ hour of labor, while a shirts requires 5 hours of labor. Construct Econoland’s production-possibility frontier.
can choose to produce gun or C
butter.(shown in the chart)
D
E
F
Butter 0 1 2 3 4 5
Guns 15 14 12 9 5 0
Chapter 1: The Fundamentals of Economics (C. Society’s technological possibilities)
Chapter 1: The Fundamentals of Economics（A. Introduction）
1.2 Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
What is Microeconomics ?
It is concerned with the behavior of individual entities such as markets, firms and households.
微观经济学原理英文--Thinking Like an Economist ppt课件
Some Familiar Models
A model of human anatomy from high school biology class
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
© Accord/
5
Some Familiar Models
© Olga Rosi/
A model airplane
6
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
© ittipon/
7
Our First Model:
The Circular-Flow Diagram
The Circular-Flow Diagram: a visual model of the economy, shows how dollars flow through markets among households and firms
越分练习题
一、选择题1. 下列哪个数是偶数？A. 3B. 5C. 8D. 102. 下列哪个图形是正方形？A. 正三角形B. 长方形C. 正五边形D. 梯形3. 下列哪个国家位于欧洲？A. 中国B. 美国C. 法国D. 日本4. 下列哪个季节是夏季？A. 春季B. 夏季C. 秋季D. 冬季5. 下列哪个单位是长度单位？A. 千克B. 米C. 秒D. 摄氏度二、填空题1. 2 + 3 = _______2. 5 × 4 = _______3. 7 2 = _______4. 8 ÷ 2 = _______5. 3 × 5 + 2 = _______三、判断题1. 2 × 2 = 4 （）2. 5 × 5 = 25 （）3. 8 ÷ 2 = 4 （）4. 7 3 = 4 （）5. 6 × 6 = 36 （）四、应用题1. 小明有10个苹果，他吃掉了3个，还剩下多少个苹果？2. 小红有20元，她买了5本书，每本书5元，她还剩下多少钱？3. 一辆汽车每小时行驶60千米，行驶2小时后，汽车行驶了多少千米？4. 一桶水有5升，小明喝掉了3升，还剩下多少升水？5. 小华有30个气球，他送给朋友10个，还剩下多少个气球？五、简答题1. 请简述圆的性质。
2. 请简述平行四边形的性质。
3. 请简述长方形的性质。
4. 请简述正方形的性质。
5. 请简述三角形的性质。
六、计算题1. 123 + 4562. 789 3213. 456 × 784. 321 ÷ 125. 12.5 ×6.3七、几何题1. 画一个直径为8厘米的圆。
2. 画一个边长为6厘米的正方形。
3. 画一个底边为4厘米，高为5厘米的三角形。
4. 画一个长为10厘米，宽为5厘米的长方形。
5. 画一个对角线相等的菱形。
八、代数题1. 解方程：2x + 3 = 112. 解方程：5x 2 = 183. 解方程：3x + 4 = 2x + 104. 解方程：4x 3 = 2(x + 1)5. 解方程：x^2 5x + 6 = 0九、应用题1. 一辆汽车以每小时80千米的速度行驶，行驶了4小时后，汽车行驶了多少千米？2. 一桶油重20千克，每次倒出5千克，倒出几次后，油桶里还剩多少千克？3. 一块长方形菜地，长为20米，宽为15米，这块菜地的面积是多少平方米？4. 一个班级有40名学生，其中有男生25名，女生多少名？5. 一辆火车以每小时100千米的速度行驶，行驶了5小时后，火车行驶了多少千米？十、英语题1. What is the capital of France?2. How many days are in a week?3. What is the opposite of "hot"?4. What is the plural form of "cat"?5. What is the past tense of "do"?十一、物理题1. What is the unit of force?2. What is the formula for calculating work?3. What is the speed of light in a vacuum?4. What is the law of conservation of energy?5. What is the difference between mass and weight?十二、历史题1. Who was the first president of the United States?2. What year did World War II begin?3. What was the main cause of the French Revolution?4. Who was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean?5. What was the significance of the Great Wall of China?十三、化学题1. What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?2. What is the formula for water?3. What is the process called when atoms gain or lose electrons?4. What is the pH scale used to measure?十四、生物题1. What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?2. List the three domains of life.3. What is photosynthesis?4. What is the difference between a plant and an animal cell?5. What is the process of digestion?十五、地理题1. What is the largest continent on Earth?2. What is the deepest ocean on Earth?3. What is the capital city of Brazil?4. What is the significance of the Amazon Rainforest?5. What is the main cause of desertification?十六、数学题1. Solve for x: 3x 5 = 142. Simplify: (x^2 4) / (x + 2)3. Find the perimeter of a rectangle with a length of 12 units and a width of 5 units.4. Solve for y: 2y + 6 = 3y 25. Find the area of a circle with a radius of 7 units.十七、逻辑题1. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The groundis wet. What can be concluded?2. All cats have fur. Some dogs have fur. Can we conclude that all dogs have fur?3. If a number is divisible 3, then it is also divisible 6. Is the number 18 divisible 3?4. If all birds can fly, and a penguin is a bird, then what can we conclude about penguins?5. If it is not morning, then it is either afternoon or evening. It is not morning. What time of day is it?十八、物理实验题1. Describe the steps to measure the speed of sound.2. What is the purpose of a calorimeter in an experiment?3. How would you set up an experiment to test the effect of gravity on falling objects?4. Describe the procedure for conducting an experiment to determine the density of a substance.5. What safety precautions should be taken when conducting a chemical experiment?十九、文学题1. Who wrote "To Kill a Mockingbird"?2. What is the theme of Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet"?3. Describe the setting of "The Great Gats" F. Scott Fitzgerald.4. What is the significance of the red rose in "Wuthering Heights" Emily Brontë?5. What is the main character's quest in "The Lord of the Rings" J.R.R. Tolkien?二十、艺术题1. What is the difference between an oil painting and an acrylic painting?2. Describe the technique of chiaroscuro in art.3. What is the role of the conductor in an orchestra?4. What are the four elements of music?5. What is the difference between a symphony and an opera?二十一、经济学题1. What is the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?2. Define the term "supply and demand."3. What is the role of central banks in an economy?4. Explain the concept of inflation.5. What are the three types of economic systems?二十二、心理学题1. Define the term "learning theory."2. What is the difference between cognitive and behavioral therapy?3. Explain the concept of the "fight or flight" response.4. What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in decisionmaking?5. Define the term "sensation" in psychology.二十三、社会学题1. What is the difference between social structure and social institutions?2. Define the term "social capital."3. What is the role of social norms in society?4. Explain the concept of social stratification.5. What is the difference between ethnicity and race?二十四、计算机科学题1. What is the difference between a binary tree and a binary search tree?2. Define the term "algorithm."4. Explain the concept of objectoriented programming.5. What is the difference between a stack and a queue?二十五、天文学题1. What is the difference between a planet and a star?2. Define the term "black hole."3. What is the speed of light in a vacuum?4. Explain the theory of relativity.5. What is the significance of the Hubble Space Telescope?二十六、哲学题1. Define the term "existentialism."2. What is the difference between metaphysics and epistemology?3. Explain the concept of "the self" in philosophy.4. What is the role of ethics in philosophy?5. Define the term "ontology."二十七、法律题1. What is the difference between a civil law and a criminal law?2. Define the term "due process."3. What is the role of the Supreme Court in the United States?4. Explain the concept of "precedent" in law.5. What is the difference between a tort and a contract?二十八、体育题1. What is the primary objective in basketball?2. Define the term "dribbling" in soccer.3. What is the difference between a forward pass and a lateral pass in American football?4. Explain the scoring system in tennis.答案一、选择题1. C2. B3. C4. B5. B二、填空题1. 52. 203. 54. 45. 23三、判断题1. √2. √3. √4. ×5. √四、应用题1. 7个苹果2. 5元3. 160千米4. 2升5. 20个气球五、简答题1. 圆的性质包括：所有点到圆心的距离相等，圆周角定理，圆内接四边形的对角互补等。
microcredit利弊作文
microcredit利弊作文Money will flow in the direction of high profit, so will money from real estate speculation, so will money from small loans. In the early days of the industry, microcredit basically meant usury, with annual interest rates far above 100%. From the point of view of capital, super-profits have trampled the law of the land, and capital has followed them like hungry wolves.In order to prevent financial risks, banks have been withdrawing loans seriously in recent years. Private enterprises were financing difficult financing expensive, capital tension, once the experience of borrowing, the original good business conditions of the enterprise will collapse. Banks' lack of awareness of the big picture and their willingness to support property speculation rather than lend to private enterprises have created a vast market for microloans and P2P platforms.For speculators, using high leverage to speculate on real estate is the fundamental to obtain high returns, and small loans have become the easiest loans to get, although the cost is higher. As banklending tightened, tenants were financed in part by microloans.The popularity of smart phones and the popularity of small video and live broadcasting have made information spread faster. There are many behaviors of flaunting wealth on the Internet. Some young people are out of balance, greedy for foreign things, blindly pursuing big brands and high consumption.With no income or low income, consumption levels are far beyond reach, and when food is not enough to make up for the shortfall, microcredit becomes a lifeline. Even though they know the interest rate is very high, young people also choose to drink poison to quench thirst, or even take the road of giving up self-esteem or even committing crimes in order to repay the loan. A large number of young people choose to cheat their father.In fact, interest rates on microloans are exorbitant, well above bank lending rates and generally more than five times higher than the benchmark lending rate. For companies that borrow money, it is hard for normal operating profits to support such interest rates, at best delaying death. When companies rely on microfinance to solve their financial problems, most are doomed to bankruptcy.In general, the disadvantages of microfinance outweigh the advantages, with only a handful of advantages and a long story of disadvantages. It can only be said that the credit investigation system is not sound, and the bank service level is poor, there is a living space for microfinance institutions. If banks and Alipay come up with better products and services, the current microfinance companies will quickly disappear.。
曼昆宏观经济学课件 (1)
P = price of new cars
Y = aggregate income
Ps = price of steel (an input)
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
11
The demand for cars
demand equation: Q d = D (P,Y )
supply equation:
Q s = S (P,PS )
An increase in Ps
reduces the quantity of cars producers supply at each price…
P
Price of cars
P2 P1
…which increases the market price and reduces the quantity.
Q
Quantity of cars
14
The market for cars: Supply
supply equation:
Q s = S (P,PS )
P
Price of cars
The supply curve shows the relationship between quantity supplied and price, other things equal.
country’s well-being?
CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics
3
U.S. Real GDP per capita
(2000 dollars)
9/11/2001
First oil long-run upwardprtirceendsh…ock
跨境电子商务英语--06--答案6.1
Part 6.1 Overview of Cross-border E-commerce PaymentWarming-up ActivitiesListening参考答案及译文：1.accumulates译文：外国公司可以通过营业额来付款，这意味着一旦公司的营业额累计达到5000美元（下限），支付宝就会立即把钱转至该公司的支付账户。
2.transaction译文：成交价格越高，手续费越低。
3.consideration译文：因此，对于与中国进行跨境电子商务交易的荷兰商人来说，UP是一种值得考虑的付款方式。
4.generally译文：线下支付方式包括现金、信用证（L/C）、交货付款、西联汇款和跟单托收及付款交单、分期付款、记账付款和延期付款，其中，前四个通常是主要选项。
5.purchasing译文：此外，有些买家不知道如何使用购物车来完成同一店铺中多种商品的购买，以及实现合并支付，导致同一买家产生多条订单，这给买卖双方都造成了不便。
New Core VocabulariesTask1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the expressions in Brackets.参考答案1.The service of intermediary is available during the contract period.2.It is of great urgency to establish perfect authentication system.Task2 Match the English words in the left column with the English explanation in the right column.参考答案1. circulation 2. decryptTask3 Match the English words in the left column with the English explanation in the right column.参考答案1.The storage of personal digital certificate is an important part of information security system.2.These plants must be stored in the light at above freezing temperature1. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese given in the brackets into English.参考答案1. a 1% commission is given to our agent译文：一般情况下，我们给代理商1%的佣金。
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Micro blogs and macro payments微博衍生“围脖经济”导读：颇具人气的新兴社交平台 (platform)微博究竟潜藏着怎样的商机?又会给我们的生活带来怎样的改变呢?一起来关注吧。
The development of the Internet over the past 20 years has not only changed the way most people live their lives, but has also provided aplethora of new platforms for business. The advertising industry`s adoption of the micro blog, or Weibo, as a promotional tool is apertinent example.在过去20年间，互联网的发展不仅改变了大多数人的生活方式，还为各行各业提供了十分充足的新平台。
广告业使用微博作为促销工具，这正是一个生动的例子。
Ye Feng, 34, a marketing professor in Beijing, frequently takes calls from public relations (PR) companies offering to pay him 5,000 yuan ($769) for every post on his micro blog that promotes their products.来自北京的，34岁的市场营销学教授叶峰(音译)不断接到公关公司的电话，对方希望他能在个人微博上推销他们的产品，并提出愿意为每一条微博支付5000元人民币的酬劳。
He writes an average of eight posts daily, mainly about business matters and information about his courses.叶峰平均每天发8条微博，主要都是有关商务及自己所教课程的信息。
More importantly, he has more than 300,000 followers who read his posts on the micro-blogging website .更重要的一点是，叶峰在新浪微博上的粉丝超过三十万。
If Ye agreed to include product placements in 50 percent of his posts, he could make 20,000 yuan a day, just by typing fewer than 500 words, all of which are provided by PR companies.如果叶峰同意在其发布的半数微博中植入广告，那么他每天将会有两万元入账。
而他需要做的仅仅是打不到500个字，而这些内容则全部由公关公司提供。
However, he has consistently declined all offers.然而，叶峰一如既往地婉拒了这些提议。
"I don`t want to make my micro blog too commercial," he said. "I might lose fans if I am discovered promoting products in my postings."叶峰表示：“我不想让自己的微博过于商业化，如果粉丝们发现我在微博中推销产品，可能就不会再关注我了。
”In addition to his work teaching Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA) courses at many of China`s top universities, Ye is also the founder of Sunup Consulting Co Ltd, a Beijing-based strategic consulting company.除了担任国内很多一流大学EMBA课程的教师外，叶峰还是北京一家名为“日出咨询有限公司”的战略咨询公司的创始人。
He previously helped Shanghai Volkswagen Automobile Company Ltd to open its official account on Weibo and delivers a series of online marketing activities through his connections with micro-blogging industry insiders.之前，叶峰曾帮助上海一汽大众有限公司在新浪微博上开通其官方微博，并依靠与微博业内人士的关系，协助一汽大众展开了一系列网络营销活动。
"The battleground of marketing is the Internet and the micro blog is the center of it," he said.叶峰称：“互联网是营销的战场，而微博则是战场的中心。
”Micro-blogging is no longer just a tool to make contact with friends and celebrities online, reading their news and leaving comments on their pages. It is also establishing a new business model.微博已不再只是供人们在线联系朋友和名人、浏览他们的新闻并在其主页上留言的工具了。
微博正在建立一种新的商业模式。
According to Ye, a number of people in the industry have sponsored teams to operate micro blogs purely for commercial marketing purposes. He claims that these sites can earn as much as 100,000 yuan a day from this activity.叶峰表示，业内很多人纯粹出于广告营销的目的，出资建立专门的团队来运作微博。
叶峰称，通过这样的运作，这些网站的日盈利达十万元之多。
These accounts center around jokes, fashion and other light-hearted topics. Millions of people have signed up as followers.这些微博发布的信息主要围绕笑话、时尚等轻松的话题。
数百万的用户会关注此类微博，成为其粉丝。
Insiders have said half-jokingly that the influence of a popular micro blog can be compared with a national newspaper if it has more than 1 million fans. If it has 10 million fans, its impact is similar to that of a TV station.内部人士半开玩笑称，如果一个微博账号拥有一百多万的粉丝，其影响力就相当于一个全国性报刊;若拥有一千万粉丝，其影响力就相当于一个电视台。
"Many accounts have achieved those sort of numbers already," Ye said.叶峰说：“很多微博账户的粉丝数量已达到这样的数字。
”The Weibo account with the largest fan base belongs to a Chinese actress called Yao Chen. She mostly posts about her daily life and work, and, as of June 17, her account had attracted 8,962,014 fans.新浪微博上拥有最多粉丝的账户属于中国女星姚晨。
她发布的微博大多是关于自己的日常生活和工作，截至6月17日，她已经拥有了8,962,014位粉丝。
According to industry insiders, Yao has been offered at least 100,000 yuan for each post featuring product placements, but her agent has refused all offers.据业内人士透露，已经有人想在姚晨的微博中植入广告，并提出每条微博至少支付给姚晨十万元，但都被其经纪人拒绝了。
Yao`s agent confirmed to China Daily that her client has received a huge number of offers, but that all have been declined.姚晨的经纪人在接受《中国日报》采访时证实，姚晨的确收到了很多此类的邀请，但都谢绝了她们的请求。
"I have never discussed payment for Yao`s postings with any of the companies, but I think the value of her micro blog would be more than 100,000 yuan (for each post)," she said.她表示：“我从未和任何一家公司谈论过姚晨发布微博的酬劳问题，但我认为，姚晨每条微博的价值应该超过十万元。
”Like Yao, most movie stars or singers have resisted the pressure to make their micro blogs too commercial, so the PR companies have to think of other ways of getting their message across.多数影星和歌星也都跟姚晨一样，反对自己的微博被过度商业化，因此公关公司不得不另辟蹊径进行推销。