翻译理论与实践第八讲
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• 毛泽东有很好的教养,内部是钢,有坚强的抗力, 是坚韧材料制成的:这是义和团设想由于神力具 有的,可以把腹部袒露给外国人的子弹的那种材 料。 • 毛泽东教养有素,精神支柱铁铸钢打,不怕高压, 是由坚韧材料构成的。这种组织,就是义和团认 为他们通过魔法得到的那种组织——坦胸露体, 刀枪不入。
• 毛泽东看似温文尔雅,但内心深处却似钢铸铁打, 又抗高压——在他身上可以看到义和团自信所具 有的那种神力,因而面对洋枪洋炮也敢坦胸露怀。
• 有迹象表明,在两个多星期的政治僵局之后,建 立联合政府的努力正在取得进展。 • 同更专业化的零售商相比,百货商店由于其自身 性质在对供应商施加影响方面形势不利。
第八讲 转换和重构
• • • • • • • 源语翻译成目的语的六个步骤: 1. 紧缩主干 2. 辨析词义 3. 分析句型 4. 理清脉络 5. 调整搭配 6. 润饰词语
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辨析词语所包含的八个方面: 1. 理清形态语义关系(meaning in lexical and semantic context) 2. 理清语法层次关系(meaning in grammatical context) 3. 确定词语之联立关系(meaning in texttual context) 4. 考察语言文化关系(meaning in cultural context)
• The nature of the department store puts them at a disadvantage compared with more specialized retailers when it comes to exerting leverage over suppliers.
• Mao Tse-tung was well-bred, but inside he was made of steel, of hard resistance, of tough tissue—the kind of tissue the Boxers thought they had by magic, and bared their solar plexuses to foreign bullets.
• The heavily laden infantry, though enjoying a
superiority of six to one, simply could not keep the schedule and lost 60,000 men in one day.
• 这支负载很重的步兵,尽管享有六比一的优势, 完全不能守住时间表,并且在一天内损失了六万 人。
• 这支步兵尽管(在数量上)享有六比一的优势, 由于个人负重量很大,无法按时行动,因而在一 天内损失了六万人。
• 这支步兵尽管在数量上享有六比一的优势,但是 由于个人负重量很大,根本无法按时行动,因而 在一天内就损失了六万人。
• The sea is rippled with little white ponies. • 大海掀起涟漪,像奔腾的小马驹。 • The sea is caused to move in very small waves. • The small waves of the sea is compared to the galloping little white horses.
• It applies equally to traditional historians
who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians, who equate their activity with specific techniques.
• 作为一个国家,法国和日本一样不肯从战败中汲 取教训。 • 不经意中拍摄的照片比正式场合中拍摄的照片内 容更丰富,也更贴近于生活的片段。
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
• There are signs that, after more than two weeks of political stalemate, progress is now being made towards the formation of a coalition government.
• Therefore, shelf life dates should be included on packages whenever possible to help consumers evaluate product freshness.
• Every thing about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.
• 饶有家财的单身汉必定想娶妻室,这实在是天之 公理,人之常情。 • 食品包装应当标明食品的存架期限,以助顾客随 时了解食品的新鲜程度。 • 他这人处处已显老迈,惟独两只眼睛跟海水一样 的颜色,透露出开朗、打不垮的神色。
• As a nation, the French are no more eager to learn about their wartime failings than are the Japanese. • Casual photographs taken in relaxed circumstances give a richer and more intimate slice of life than a formal picture.
• 对“句坯”的调整: • 1. “句坯”是否再现了源语的全部语义内容,是 否与源语的语义内容一致。 • 2. “句坯”是否再现了源语的文体色彩,如语域、 章句组织、言外之意、效果等。 • 3. “句坯”是否符合目的语的语法规范和修辞规 范。 • 4. “句坯”是否符合目的语的习惯用法,是否可 为当代读者所接受,在上下文中是否适得其所。
• 它同样适于将历史仅仅看做是对历史材料来源的 内部和外部批评的传统历史学家,和把历史研究 活动等同于具体研究方法的社会科学历史学家。
• 它同样适用于传统历史学家和社会科学历史学家。 传统历史学家将历史仅仅看成历史材料来源的内 部和外部批评,而社会科学历史学家则把历史研 究活动等同于具体的研究方法。
• As relations between China and Australia develop, the continuing importance of expanding trade will be balanced by the development of close contact over a broad range of political issues.
• 随着中澳两国关系的发展,继续扩大贸易的重要 性将被一系列广泛的政治问题所平衡。 • 随着中澳两国关系的发展,扩大贸易依然十分重 要,相应还要在一系列广泛的政治问题上发展密 切的联系。
• It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
• • • • • • • •
5. 领会情态色彩关系(meaning in emotive context) 6. 分析指涉呼应关系(meaning in referential context) 7. 把握逻辑思维关系(meaning in logical context) 8. 考察专业领域关系(meaning in professional context)