BUS384 Topic 2 Project Selection and Project Chartering(2)
Esri公共交通路线和站点规划的TBEST效果说明书
Effective Transit Route and Stop Planning with TBESTEffective Transit Route and Stop Planningwith TBESTTerry Bills, EsriRodney Bunner, ServiceEdge SolutionsSmart Cities ChallengeRequires Solving our Transportation and Mobility IssuesKey Public Transport Challenges:•How to Think Differently / How to Design More Effective Service in Response to Rapidly Changing Mobility •New Data Sources•Better Coordination Across Modes•Better Design of Our Cities: Breaking Down the Silos •SustainabilityKey Public Transport Challenges:How to Provide Optimal Service at the Most Efficient Cost High Levels of Customer Service (On-Time Performance, Meeting Customer Needs)Maximizing Ridership, Accessibility, EquityAll with the Lowest Passenger SubsidyTBEST FOR TRANSIT PLANNINGTerry Bills, Esri Global Transportation Industry ManagerRodney Bunner, Manager, ServiceEdge SolutionsTBEST DEVELOPMENT TEAM Public SponsorshipResearch-based MethodologiesSoftware Development, Implementation andTechnical SupportINTRODUCTIONWhat is TBEST?Software tool providing transit data analytics and insights to support Transit Service Planning and Strategic Transportation Planning initiativesWhat are the core TBEST features?§Transit Demand Estimation§Market Analysis§Transit Operational Analysis§Equity Analysis§Accessibility Analysis§Jurisdictional AnalysisWho Maintains TBEST?§FDOT manages TBEST development and provides TBEST data products for all Florida agencies §Agencies outside of Florida are welcome to utilize TBEST§Software download on the TBEST website ()WHY TBEST?Transit Planning Software GapOperationsTrapeze Others…Short andmid-termTBESTLong RangeCUBESTOPSOthers…Data Integration –national, regional and local data Agency Policies –embed local policies and operating conditions Transit Focus -address transit-specific planning issues Scenario Planning -quickly build transit service alternatives Efficiency -consistent, streamlined and repeatable analysis workflows Communication –dashboards, maps, tables, charts -> decision-makers Cost Effective -free software; documentation and training videos provided; internal agency toolset TBEST –SOFTWARE OBJECTIVES 1234567TBEST TRANSIT PLANNING SUPPORT§Transit Development Plans §Route Optimization Studies §Operational Analysis (COA’s) §Regional Modeling§BRT Modeling §Title VI Triennial Reports §Title VI Disparate Analysis §Grant Applications§Corridor AnalysisTBEST FRAMEWORK TECHNOLOGY§Standalone desktop software with embedded ESRI technology §Requires ArcGIS to be locally installed (Basic license-level)§Compatible with ArcGIS versions 10.2 to 10.6.1 (not 10.6)§Microsoft SQL Server LocalDB(installed with TBEST)§Microsoft Visual Studio Express (optional model scripting)Technology FoundationGTFS NETWORK INTEGRATIONNetworkGTFS Network Import Tool§Import GTFS routes and service into TBESTscenarios§Input GTFS data can be for base year service orproposed service§Select representative Weekday, Saturday andSunday service days§With minimal review, the GTFS network isready for TBEST modeling and analysis§Add APC stop-level ridership data for TBESTapplication (stop_ridership.txt)TBEST TRANSIT NETWORK EDITORNetworkConstruct Alternative Service Networks§Service organized by Route§Add/Edit/Remove Routes, Patterns, Segmentsand Stops§Trip Editor to modify Vehicle Trips and TravelTimes§Assign Stop Amenities, Special Generators,Transfer Stations§Intuitive, ArcGIS-based map editorcomponents§Configurable Base Map (AGOL & MXD)§Export TBEST network to GTFS, shapefiles,KMZ, FGDBScenario -MPO GrowthProjectionsTBEST Base Socio-Economic Data DemographicCensus 2010 and ACS 5-YearParcel Land Use (optional)Trip generation by land use typeSocio-EconomicEmploymentLEHD, Zonal or Address-Based NATIONAL, REGIONAL, LOCAL AND COMMERCIALSocio-Economic TBEST PARCEL EDITORCreate Parcel Scenarios§Edit parcels (add, move, delete)§Edit land use distributions within adefined geography to reflect theplanned land use mix (TransitOriented Development)§Option to auto-generate parcelsbased on specified parcel countsand building area by land use typeTBEST RIDERSHIP ESTIMATIONEstimation ModelTBEST Stop-Level Ridership EstimationModel responds to:§service-level adjustments§route re-structuring§fare changes§transfers§walk markets§destination markets§BRT Characteristic ScoringModel Validation ToolsTBEST creates adjustment factors to apply toscenario alternativesTBEST SERVICE AND PERFORMANCEPerformanceCompare Base Conditions withScenario Alternatives:§Route and System Comparison§Direct and Transfer Boardings§Boardings per Service Mile, Hour,Trip§Service Levels§Route Cost§Fleet EstimatesTBEST MARKET ANALYSISMarkets Walk Market§Define: Stops + Segments + Patterns + Routes +User Geography§Summarize socio-economic market distributions§Land Use trip potential per parcel (ITE TripGeneration)§Compare across scenarios and with service areatotals (x% of service area population within ½mile of park-n-ride stops)Markets TBEST MARKET ANALYSISNetwork Accessible Markets§Define Networking Parameters§Define Accessibility to/from:§Single Stop§Multiple Stops§Corridor, Activity Center, CBD, orany input geography§Summarize Accessible Markets viaTransit Travel Time + Walk Time +Number of TransfersWorkflow Support Tools Folder§Wizard-driven tools to streamlinecommon agency tasks§Input scenario networks and taskspecific parameters§User can run multiple analysis withvaried networks/parameters and storeas result sets§Compare results TBEST WORKFLOW SUPPORT TOOLSTBEST Explorer –Workflow Support ToolsTBEST OPERATIONAL ANALYSISPerformance COA AnalysisDensity Service and Performance§Route Performance by Socio-Economic Density (High,Medium and Low)§Groups Route Service by Density Areas§Multiple socio-economic density variables§Density by Jurisdiction (Municipalities, Flex Zones,Corridors, etc.)TBEST OPERATIONAL ANALYSISPerformance COA AnalysisJurisdictional Service and PerformanceSummarize transit service and performance by user-definedinput areas such as:§Rural vs. Non-Rural (5311)§Taxable Areas (Transit Funding Sources)§Municipalities§Corridors§Counties§Flex ZonesEquity TBEST EQUITY MEASURESTitle VI Analysis Workflow Support Tool§Intended for Triennial Reporting§Calculates System % Disadvantaged Populations (Minority,Low Income, LEP)§Route-level % Disadvantaged Populations§Calculates Minority and Low Income Routes§Minority and Low Income Revenue Miles and Stop Arrivals§Reports and Maps styled based on FTA Circular guidance§Comparison Reports to evaluate System, Route andJurisdictional differences between scenario alternativesEquity TITLE VI DISPARATE ANALYSISTitle VI Disparate Analysis WorkflowSupport Tool§Directly compares service changebetween two TBEST scenarios§Uses FTA 4/5ths rule or local Title VIpolicy§Evaluates disparate impacts of majorsystem service changes to minorityand low income populations using“People Trips”§Notifies that user of disparateimpactEquity TITLE VI DISPARATE ANALYSISRoute Comparison ReportTBEST ACCESSIBILITY MEASURESAccessibilitySystem Accessibility WorkflowSupport Tools§Total System Accessibility§To Transit (Walk Access)§Via Transit (Network Access)§Communicate Access to Jobs,People and Land Use…with asingle number§Comparative reporting betweenscenario accessibilitysummaries1EXAMPLE TBEST IMPLEMENTATIONMaintains an active, validated TBEST model for service and strategic planning Developed TBEST tools for meeting regulatory compliance by measuringadditional trips related to localized developmentDeveloped grant application for SunRail Feeder service using TBEST ridership estimationSupported recent TDP, COA and Route Optimization studiesLYNX FTA Title VI reporting policy includes TBEST as the methodology and output2345LYNX -OrlandoOTHER AGENCY TBEST APPLICATIONS *Most Florida AgenciesNashville WeGo UTA (Salt Lake) Foothill Transit RVTD (Medford, OR) GRTC (Richmond, VA) PART (NC)CET (Bend, OR)HRT (Hampton Roads, VA) Transfort(Ft. Collins) GTA (Greensboro)Long Beach Transit Many others…TBEST AGENCY IMPLEMENTATION STEPSInstallation -install TBEST on local, in-house machines Socio-Economic Configuration (outside of Florida)–utilize FDOT Guidance documents and templates to configure national, state, regional or local socio-economic dataValidation –develop base transit service and socio-economic conditions and validate TBEST ridership estimations with observed ridershipApplication -planners develop alternative scenarios, maps, charts, reports to support specific projects including TDP development, service plans, grant applications, etc.Sharing –TBEST data products are shared with other planners or the public via TBEST GIS data exports to ArcGIS or ArcGIS Online and/or GTFS exports. 12345TBEST RESOURCESTBEST Website ()q Software Download(/downloads/?dl_cat=13)q User Guide (/downloads/?dl_cat=10)q Video Tutorials(/video/TBESTTrainingVideos.htm)q SE Data Config Guidance and Templates(/downloads/?dl_cat=12)q Technical Assistance Contact InformationTBEST CONTACTSRodney Bunner, ServiceEdge SolutionsEmail: ***************************Phone: (727) 455-4059© 2017 Esri. All rights reserved.。
自动化测试系统顶层设计方法论说明书
Method of Top-level Design for Automated TestSystemsZhenjie Zeng1, Xiaofei Zhu1,*, Shiju Qi1, Kai Wu2 and Xiaowei Shen11Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an, China2Troops No. 96604, Beijing, China*Corresponding authorAbstract—When designing an automatic test system, it is necessary to make each electronic test device conform to different test requirements. The most important issue is the system top-level design. The article starts with the three steps of the top-level design: system requirements analysis, architecture selection and analysis, and test equipment configuration. It describes in detail how to develop the top-level system design efficiently and reasonably when developing automated test systems. The principles, available method techniques, and precautions have some guiding significance for the top-level design of automated test systems.Keywords—automatic test system; top-level design; requirements analysis; architecture selection; test equipment configurationI.I NTRODUCTIONUsually, with a minimum of human involvement, a computer is used to execute a software program to control the test process and perform data processing until the test system that gives the test results in an appropriate manner is called ATS (Automatic Test System) or ATE (Automatic Test Equipment). .With the advancement of test bus technology, computer technology and software engineering technology, the difficultyof establishing ATS systems is also increasing. Due to the diversification of test objectives, there is no bus that can cover the needs of the entire automated test, coupled with the complexity and diversification of the test process and the function of the test instruments, making the establishment of modern automated test systems, especially the design of test software. The difficulty has doubled. How to effectively and rationally plan the test system architecture and select test equipment is a place that is not yet perfect, and therefore the top level design of the automatic test system is getting more and more attention.II.T OP-LEVEL D ESIGNAs the name suggests, the top-level design is the overall planning and design at the highest level. The top-level design of automatic test system integration is to stand at the level of past, present and future demands of the system under test, and to conduct overall planning and design from the perspective of technological development.The top-level design of automatic test system integration is based on sufficient requirements analysis, and comprehensively considers the optimal matching of technical and economic performances. It is advanced, practical, open, real-time, universal (compatibility), and reliability. , maintainability and other aspects of a comprehensive analysis, determine the test system architecture (including hardware platforms and software platforms), develop a corresponding test program. As shown in Figure 1, it is usually divided into three steps: requirements analysis, architecture selection and analysis, and test equipment configuration.AemandanalysisArchitectureselection andanalysisTest equipmentselection andconfigurationFunctional AnalysisTarget signal typeMeasured parameter definitionTestability analysisTest method analysisInterface bus analysisHardware architecture analysisController selection and analysisHardwareplatformSoftware operating environment analysisOperating system selection and analysisDevelopment platform selection and analysisDatabase selection and analysisTest instrument (module) selectionUTT interface connection designSpecial parameters require processingSoftwareplatformFIGURE I. AUTOMATIC TEST SYSTEM INTEGRATION TOP LEVELDESIGN FLOWIII.D EMAND A NALYSISTest requirement analysis is the basis of automatic test system integration top-level design. It mainly contains five aspects: functional requirements of the test target, test parameters, test objects, test methods, and test system planning.3rd International Conference on Electrical, Automation and Mechanical Engineering (EAME 2018)A.Test Target Functional RequirementsThe different requirements of the test equipment working platform determine the test speed requirements, and also determine the different requirements of the online/offline test; the main control method and logic of the tested equipment determines the difference between the test procedures and methods; the input frequency of the tested equipment, Different parameters, such as amplitude and modulation method, determine the overall requirements for the operating frequency band, small signal level (minimum leakage), and waveform parameters of the automatic test system analog signal source; the output and content of the device under test determines the signal sampling of the automatic test system. The data acquisition method is different; the digital communication interface of the device under test determines that the digital communication interface that the automatic test system should have is different from the protocol; the testability interface of the device under test determines the final test capability and fault diagnosis ability of the automatic test system.B.Test ParametersThe test parameter analysis includes analysis: the form of the measured parameter (electrical or non-electrical, digital or analog, etc.), range and quantity; performance index (measurement accuracy and speed, etc.); the form and range of the excitation signal. In particular, when analyzing requirements for a top-level design of a general-purpose comprehensive automatic test system that is suitable for multiple systems, multiple protocols, and multiple equipment, comprehensive analysis is often required to integrate the test parameters.C.Test ObjectThe test objects vary widely. When analyzing the test objects, a comprehensive analysis must be performed in conjunction with the test system requirements of the test objects. In the face of a specific test object test system or subsystem, the description can use a variety of expressions to give different models of the test system at different levels of simplification, such as language descriptions, graphics, and mathematical formulas. As a simplified description of some test systems, their models merely express their basic characteristics, often ignoring irrelevant details in order to simplify their complexity. For a complex test object test system, a model is inevitably limited by some assumptions in its design and utility. These conditions often have some ambiguity and basically reflect an implicit conceptual idea. Therefore, when analyzing the requirements of a specific test object, it is usually necessary to establish a corresponding test system model.D.Test MethodsAccording to the functional requirements of the test target, a corresponding test method is formulated for the “face-to-face automatic test system” or “object-oriented automatic test system”.. E.Test System PlanningWhen developing an automated test system, it often takes a lot of time to complete the test-assisted tasks such as creating files and programming supporting test software. The test application software development platform can standardize all kinds of test processes and integrate an operating system that is suitable for various test and post-processing functions. It can help us to complete these test auxiliary work; therefore, we use this kind of test platform to conduct various tests. When testing, you can save a lot of time.IV.A RCHITECTURE S ELECTION AND A NALYSIS On the basis of sufficient requirements analysis, determining the architecture of the automated test system is the most critical step in the top-level design. That is how to determine the test plan from the perspective of the top-level design, and select the hardware platform and software platform architecture of the automatic test system, and the most important one is the selection of the test equipment digital communication interface bus.A.System Test Plan SelectionThe system test plan is the overall concept of product testing. It specifies the type of product testing, when (continuous or regular) testing, where (field or workshop, or which maintenance level), testing methods, and test methods used. The types of system test can be divided into: system-wide test and departmental system test, static test and dynamic test, online test and offline test, quantitative test and qualitative test, continuous test and periodic test, etc. The test level can be divided into three levels according to the location: production site, use site, and maintenance base. The test system (equipment) operating methods are generally:According to the use of the operation can be divided into three kinds of automatic, semi-automatic and artificial; according to the general degree of application can be divided into two kinds of special and general equipment; according to the association with the product can be divided into two kinds of BITE and external test equipment.Most of the test methods used in automated testing have so far been modeled on manual tests, from the measurement principles used, the testing techniques used, to the test procedures performed, except that computers were used instead of manual operations. As far as the characteristics and potential of automatic testing are concerned, fundamental reforms of the test plan are needed for future research.B.Selection of Test Equipment Digital CommunicationInterface Bus and ATS StructureThe development of automatic test systems has promoted the continuous emergence of various general-purpose test equipment interface buses and rapid technological advancement: from the early GPIB, CAMAC to the recent VXI, MXI, PCI, PCIe, PXI, PXIe, cPCI, MMS, IEEE1394 ( Firewire), USB, etc. Although technical characteristics are not the same, they are widely used.The structural elements of a modern automated test system are programmable test instruments, test controllers, interconnected standard digital interfaces, and software systems. At present, modern automatic testing has been widely used, and the test objects faced are large, complex, and diversified, making it impossible for an automatic test system based on any kind of bus technology to cover the needs of the entire test object.Multi-bus fusion automatic test system structure shown in Figure 2. It consists of test instruments, DUTs(design under test) and UUT(unit under test) interfaces, test controllers (computers), various general-purpose digital interface buses, and test software. The test controller is interconnected with the test instrument through the digital interface bus, and the device under test is connected to the input/output terminal of the test instrument through the UUT interface. The digital interface bus used may be GPIB, VXI, PXI, LXI, or even an internal computer bus (AT/EISA/PCI), or their convergence. Once the standard digital interface bus architecture used is determined, the automatic test system architecture is basically selected. In an automatic test system, regardless of the interface bus architecture, an external computer or built-in computer system can be selected as the test system controller. The choice of the test system controller should fully consider the optimal matching of technical and economic performance, and choose from real-time, practical, reliable, flexible and convenient.CAT test hostMaster control computerGPIB instrument PC card typeinstrumentVXIinstrumentPXIinstrumentUUT interfaceUUT……FIGURE II. MULTI-BUS FUSION AUTOMATIC TEST SYSTEMSTRUCTUREC.Test Software Platform Mode SelectionIn modern computer-based automated test systems, hardware is the foundation and software is the soul. Test software has increasingly become the main body of ATS, which determines the advanced nature, reliability, practicality, and real-time performance of the entire automated test system.The automatic test software platform mainly refers to the programming language and software support environment involved in the test application software design. It is an integrated software platform such as a computer operating system, a test programming language, a database software, and a program diagnosis software. The key element is Test programming language. Since the automatic test system was popularized and applied, there have been great developments in testing programming languages from low-level to high-level, to the current test application development environment.V.T EST E QUIPMENT C ONFIGURATION After the system structure of the test system is determined, the next task is to synthesize the test contents according to the requirements analysis, and to match the corresponding test equipment according to the test content requirements. There are three types of optional test equipment: general test equipment, special purpose equipment, and test interface adapter.A.Universal Test EquipmentThe universal test equipment includes a main box, a test controller, a main control interface, a zero slot controller, an instrument module, and a desktop instrument. The following factors should be considered when selecting the type of equipment: (1) The higher the degree of equipment automation, the shorter the time for detecting and isolating faults, and the less the manpower consumption, but the cost of test equipment will increase and more protection is needed. (2) Differences in capabilities between the two are to be considered when selecting a BIT (Built-in-Test) and an off-board automatic test equipment. (3) When the BIT is used in conjunction with the off-board automatic test, make full use of the BIT capability of each unit under test. (4) When selecting a dedicated or general-purpose device, it is necessary to consider that the special-purpose device is simple and convenient to use and has high efficiency, but the use range is narrow. (5) The main selection of instrument and equipment is based on the requirements of test parameters, characteristics of the signal to be measured, and range selection. When selecting the instrument module, pay attention to the size of the bus module, power, and number of slots.B.Special Purpose EquipmentWhen the test is not ready for selection, in addition to the above-mentioned common tests, when preparing for the following situations, it may be considered to develop or develop special purpose instrument (module) equipment. When the current product can not meet the test requirements, multiple instruments and equipments are required to complete the measurement together. However, the utilization rate of each instrument is very low or can be accomplished with one instrument. When the price is high and the utilization rate is low, the use of development or development is considered. Special purpose instrument.C.Test Interface Adapter DesignFor different test objects, the extraction and feeding of various test signals requires the design and manufacture of various test interfaces and special fixtures. In the automatic test system, especially the automatic test system assembly of complex electronic equipment, the requirements of the same type but different models and different test objects existuniversally, and often require the test system group to build a relatively universal automatic test platform. Through this platform, different test modules and test methods can be used to quickly and easily complete the automatic test system set-up (configuration) task for different test objects; however, the test interface and the dedicated test module cannot be matched and can only be tested according to the device under test. The test requires the development of a test interface adapter.VI.C ONCLUSIONThis article starts with the three steps of the top-level design: system requirements analysis, architecture selection and analysis, and test equipment configuration. It describes in detail how to perform top-level design efficiently and reasonably when developing automated test systems, and analyzes what the design must follow. Principles, methods, techniques, and precautions have certain guiding significance for the top-level design of automated test systems.R EFERENCES[1]LI Xing-shan, ZUO Yi, SUN Jie. Automatic Test System IntegrationTechnology[M]. Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2004.[2]QIN Hong-lei, LU Hui et al. Automatic Test System. Beijing: HigherEducation Press, 2007[3]LIU Si-jiu, ZHANG Li-yong. Automatic Test System and VirtualInstrument. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2009 [4]GU Zhi-yong, TENG Peng, HU Shi-guo, et al. Top-level design of ATSoverall plan for integrated helicopter display systems[J]. Electro-optics and Control, 2008, 15(11):59-62.[5]GU Ya-ping. Research on Top Design of VXI Bus TestingTechnology[J]. Electronic Testing, 1998(8):22-23.。
Android Auto 系统基本操作手册说明书
FeaturesAndroid AutoWhen you connect an Android phone to the Display Audio system via USB, Android Auto is automatically initiated. When connected via Android Auto, you can use the audio/information screen to access the Phone, Google Maps (Navigation), Google Play Music, and Google Now functions. When you first use Android Auto, a tutorial will appear on the screen.We recommend that you complete this tutorial while safely parked before using Android Auto.2USB Ports P.2052Auto Pairing Connection P.2751Android AutoTo use Android Auto, you need to download the Android Auto app from Google Play to your smartphone.Only Android 5.0 (Lollipop) or later versions are compatible with Android Auto.Bluetooth A2DP cannot be used while your phone is connected to Android Auto.Park in a safe place before connecting your Android phone to Android Auto and when launching any compatible apps.To use Android Auto, connect the USB cable to the front USB port. The USB port in the center console storage will not enable Android Auto operation.2USB Ports P.205When your Android phone is connected to Android Auto, it is not possible to use the Bluetooth ® Audio. However, other previously paired phones can stream audio via Bluetooth ® while Android Auto is connected.2Phone Setup P.337Apple CarPlay and Android Auto cannot run at the same time.Features ■MapsDisplay Google Maps and use the navigation function just as you would with yourAndroid phone. When the vehicle is in motion, it is not possible to make keyboardentries. Stop the vehicle in a safe location to undertake a search or provide otherinputs.Only one navigation system (pre-installed navigation or Android Auto) can givedirections at a time. When you are using one system, directions to any priordestination set on the other system will be canceled, and the system you arecurrently using will direct you to your destination.The audio/information screen shows you turn-by-turn driving directions to yourdestination.■PhoneMake and receive phone calls as well as listen to voicemail.■(Android Auto Home)Display useful information organized by Android Auto into simple cards that appear■Android Auto Menu1Android AutoFor details on countries and regions where AndroidAuto is available, as well as information pertaining tofunction, refer to the Android Auto homepage.Screens may differ depending on the version of theAndroid Auto app you are using.Android Auto Operating Requirements &LimitationsAndroid Auto requires a compatible Android phonewith an active cellular connection and data plan.Your carrier’s rate plans will apply.Changes in operating systems, hardware, software,and other technology integral to providing AndroidAuto functionality, as well as new or revisedgovernmental regulations, may result in a decrease orcessation of Android Auto functionality and services.Honda cannot and does not provide any warranty orguarantee of future Android Auto performance orfunctionality.It is possible to use 3rd party apps if they arecompatible with Android Auto. Refer to the AndroidAuto homepage for information on compatible apps.: Go back to theAndroid Auto iconModels with navigation systemFeatures■ExitSelect the Exit icon to go back to the home screen.■You can check Android notifications.■Operate Android Auto with your voice.When you connect an Android phone to the unit via USB, Android Auto is automatically initiated.■Enabling Android AutoCancel : Does not allow this consent.Enable once : Allows only once. (Prompt shows again next time.)Always enable : Allows anytime. (Prompt does not show again.)You may change the consent settings under the Smartphone settings menu.■Auto Pairing Connection1Enabling Android AutoOnly initialize Android Auto when you are safely parked. When Android Auto first detects your phone, you will need to set up your phone so that auto pairing is possible. Refer to the instruction manual that came with your phone.You can use the method below to change Android Auto settings after you have completed the initial Select Settings Smartphone A ndroid A uto Use of user and vehicle informationThe use and handling of user and vehicle information transmitted to/from your phone by Android Auto isgoverned by the Google’s Privacy Policy.Features Press and hold the talk button to operate Android Auto with your voice.■Operating Android Auto with Voice Recognition1Operating Android Auto with Voice RecognitionBelow are examples of commands you can give withvoice recognition:•Reply to text.•Call my wife.•Navigate to Honda.•Play my music.•Send a text message to my wife.•Call flower shop.For more information, please refer to the AndroidAuto homepage.(Talk) button:Press and hold to operate Android Auto with your voice.Press and release to activate standard voice recognition system.FeaturesAndroid/AppsIf an error occurs while using the audio system or apps, you may see the following error messages. If you cannot clear the error message, contact a dealer.*1:****part is variable characters, and will change depending upon where an error occurs.SolutionError has occurred within app, select OK on the screen to close the app.App is not responding.Select Wait if you can wait for a response from app a little longer. If it does not respond even if you keep waiting, select OK to close the app and start it up. If the error message continues, perform Factory Data Reset .2Defaulting All the Settings P.322。
高跟鞋高度选择
学年论文题目：高跟鞋的选择学生：李****学号： ******8****8院（系）：理学院专业：数学与应用数学指导教师： **** 2015年 4 月 20 日高跟鞋的选择数学****班：***** 指导老师：***8（陕西科技大学理学院陕西西安 710021）摘要：随着时代的发展，高跟鞋变得越来越受女性的喜欢，所以高跟鞋变成了一个热度很高的讨论话题，因此高跟鞋的选择就变成了一个热话题，高跟鞋的选择包括了它的舒适性，稳定性，以及鞋跟高。
本文通过“黄金分割”与公式法两种方法从而得出女性高跟鞋的最佳选择方式。
关键词：高跟鞋，鞋跟高，黄金比例，公式法The selection of high-heeled shoesAbstract:As time goes on, high-heeled shoes is becoming more and more women like, so high-heeled shoes into a heat topic of discussion, so the choice of high-heeled shoes will become a hot topic, the choice of high-heeled shoes including its comfort, stability, and high heels. In this paper, though the “golden mean”and formula method, two kinds of methods to draw women high-heeled shoes the best choice of the way.Keywords: high-heeled shoes, heel of a shoe, gold proportion, equation引言有一双鞋，穿上她以后可以不用力就往前走，走起路来倒退就会摔跤，可以挺胸收腹坚持自我，可以亭亭玉立盛气凌人，能使人的脚踝和大腿变得轮廓更加完美从而显示出一种腿部修长性感的风姿。
01. BG tape selection report_Final Version_20150626
Comment: No edge chipping find when use above 4 types BG tape in 75um wafer thickness.
© Ramaxel ︱ Confidential 7
Result For 75um Thickness
>Visual inspection result(100% check war-page status):
Naked eyes check
War-page after back grinding
Comment : 100% check all the wafers at inspection table , Not find crack , scratch and contaminate. Wafer War-page SB-150 is better than others.
BT-151E
LSL
过程数据 LSL 目标 USL 样本均值 样本 N 45 * 55 50.2222 54 0.908493 0.904218 潜在（组内）能力 Cp CPL CPU Cpk 1.83 1.92 1.75 1.75
SB-150 Mitsui Non-UV 52 49 50.67 0.87 3 1.69
Thickness Tape Type Tape Mode BT-151E Supplier Nitto Quantity 4pcs Edge chipping Pass
National Instruments PCI-6221 多功能数字输入输出板说明书
ߜ16 Single Ended/8 Differential A/D Inputsor 64 Single Ended/32 Differential A/D Inputs ߜ1.25 MS/s 12-bitResolutionߜ400 kS/s 14-bit Resolution ߜ333 kS/s, 50 kS/s 16-bit ResolutionߜProgrammable Gain 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 1, 2, 4, 8ߜ2, 12-bit, 200 kHzD/A’s WaveForm Quality ߜ16 Digital Input (8 Can Generate Interrupts)16 Digital Outputߜ3, 16-bit User-Dedicated Counter/TimersߜSimultaneous A/D, D/A, DIO, Counter/TimerSubsystems Operation ߜBus Mastering DMAExtensive Clocking andTriggering for A/D and D/A ߜNo Jumpers or Switches ߜAuto CalibrationPowerDAQ II boards have been developed with new “clean” 32-bit drivers for Windows95 and Windows NT, hence no legacy code.The PowerDAQ II series is designed around a “processor based” 24-bit 66 MHz Motorola 56301 PCI DSP interface. This design allows the user to offload the host CPU data acquisition functions to the onboard DSP thus giving the user the power of two CPUs in one PC.Each PowerDAQ II multifunction board is comprised of four subsystems, Analog Input, Analog Output, Digital I/O and Counter/Timers. PowerDAQ technology allows all the subsystems to run simultaneously and/or independently with one or multiple boards in the same PC. You can start and stop multiple subsystems as required. The PowerDAQ II based boards all feature extensive hardware and software triggering. Data transfer methods include slave mode and bus mastering operation.Several different models of the PowerDAQ II boards are available. The models differ in resolution, speed, input range and numberof channels.PowerDAQ II PCI A/D BoardsProcessor Based Data Acquisition Boards for the PCI BusBasic Unit$895provided at no additional charge.The suite consists of a menu drivenquick start application for quick andeasy operation without programming,a software development kit (SDK) forcustom user program creation underWindows 9x/NT/2000 and softwaredrivers for a large variety of off-the-shelf applications. The quick startapplication provides data collection,graphical display of the data, anddatalogging in a format compatiblewith most spreadsheets and otherpost acquisition software packages.The PowerDAQ SDK supports VisualC++, Visual Basic, Delphi andBorland C++ BuilderPowerDAQ II boards are alsocompatible with a variety of off-the-shelf data acquisition applicationprograms. The drivers for thefollowing packages are provided atno charge.Third Party Drivers for:LabVIEW for WindowsHP VEETestPointDASYlabDIAdemD1-23D1-24D1ANALOG INPUT AND MULTI-FUNCTION CARDSAccessory RacksThe PowerDAQ II boards canconnect to a variety of stand-alone or 19" rack-mount accessory panels. A complete range of cables and options are availabl HIsolated Thermocouple Input Rack The PD-TCR-16-x is a 16 channel isolated thermocouple rack which can be connected to any PowerDAQ II board. The thermocouple rack supports measurement from J or K thermocouples.For 16 channels of measurement,the PowerDAQ II boards may beconnected directly to thePD-TCR-16-x via a PD-CBL-96(96-way pinless 1 m cable). For more than 16 channels, the PD-5BCONN interface panel should be used(see diagram).Features of the PD-TCR-16• Support Type J (Iron-Constantan)or Type K (CHROMEGA ®-ALOMEGA ®) direct input connection • CJC on each channel• Laser wafer trimmed to 1°C calibration accuracy• Individual channel isolation to 1000 V • Type J input: 0 to 600°C • Type K input: 0 to 1000°C• Up to 64 Non multiplexed inputs per systemLabVIEW and Thermocouple Rack screen shownSignal Conditioning Connection PanelsThe PD-5BCONN and PD-7BCONN signal conditioning interface panels provide easy connection to up to four signal conditioning racks. ThePD-5BCONN connects to OMEGA’sOM5 signal conditioning racks and the PD-TCR-16-x isolated thermocouple input rack. The PD-7BCONN connects to OMEGA’s OM7 signal conditioning racks.Screw Terminal Panels Two screw terminal boards are available, the PD-STP-9616connects to 16 channel PowerDAQ II boards and the PD-STP-96 connects to boards with 64 channels. Use the PD-CBL-96one meter cable to connect from the PowerDAQ II J1 analog connector to the PD-STP J1 connector. Use the PD-CBL-37 ribbon cable set to PD-STP J2 connector.BNC Analog Connection PanelThe PD-BNC-16 offers all analog input connections using BNC type connectors for the 16 channelboards. The PD-BNC-16 supports single ended or differential input (via jumper selection). Silk screened component open locations for building RC filters and voltage dividers are also supplied. The PD-BNC-16 panel connects to the 16 channel PowerDAQ II boards using the PD-CBL-96 cable. The PD-BNC can be rack mounted using the PD-19RACK option.All PowerDAQ II boards include a complete user’s manual, Quick Start application and driver software.Ordering Example:PD2-MF-16-150/16L PowerDAQ II board, PD-STP-9616-KIT accessory kit and OMEGACARE SM 1 year extended warranty for PowerDAQ II board (adds 1 year to standard 1 year warranty), $895 + 275 + 89 = $1259.D1-25PD-7BCONN Interface PanelPD-5BCONN Interface PanelConnecting to Four OM5 Backplanes or Four PD-TCR16 Thermocouple RacksPD-STP Screw Terminal PanelsSpecificationsANALOG INPUTNumber of Channels:16 or 64 single-ended, 8 or 32 differential Resolution:PD2-MF-xx-400/14x:14 bits PD2-MF-xx-1M/12x:12 bits PD2-MF-xx-150/16x:16 bits PD2-MF-xx-333/16x:16 bits Max Sample Rate:PD2-MF-xx-400/14x:400 kS/s PD2-MF-xx-1M/12x:1.25 MS/s PD2-MF-xx-150/16x:150 kS/s PD2-MF-xx-333/16x:333 kS/s Onboard FIFO:1K FIFO, upgradeable to 16K or 32K Input Ranges:0-10 V, ±10 V, 0-5 V, ±5 V (software selectable)Programmable Gains:L Versions = 1, 10, 100, 1000; H Versions = 1, 2, 4, 8 (software selectable)Max Working Voltage(signal plus common mode): All Models: -10 V to 10 VInput Overvoltage:-35 V to +55V continuous, powered or unpowered Nonlinearity:PD2-MF-xx-400/14x:±0.5 LSB PD2-MF-xx-1M/12x:±0.5 LSB PD2-MF-xx-150/16x:±1 LSB PD2-MF-xx-333/16x: ±1 LSB System Noise:PD2-MF-xx-400/14x:±0.2 LSB PD2-MF-xx-1M/12x:±0.8 LSB PD2-MF-xx-150/16x:±1.2 LSB PD2-MF-xx-333/16x:±1.3 LSBInput Impedance:10 M Ωin parallel with 22 pFInput Bias Current:±20 nA typical Input Offset Current:±100 pA typical Triggering Modes:Normal, Post,Pre and About Trigger ANALOG OUTPUTNumber of Channels:2Resolution: 12 bitMax Update Rate: 200 kS/s Range:±10V fixed Data Transfer:DMA DIGITAL I/OInput/Output Bits:16Input High:V IH ≈2.0VInput Low:V IL ≈0.8V Input Current:I IH ≈20 mA,I IL ≈-20 mAOutput High:V OH ≈3.0VOutput Low: V OL ≈0.5V COUNTER/TIMERNumber of Counters:3 available to userResolution: 16 bitsInput Low:V IL=0.8V max;I IL= -20 μA maxInput High:V IH=2.0V max;I IH= 20 μA max Connector 2:36-pin header connector (male)Connector 4:36-pin header connector (male)Connector 6:Power Requirements:5W typicalDimensions:10.5 x 3.8" (262 x 98 mm)CANADA www.omega.ca Laval(Quebec)1-800-TC-OMEGA UNITED KINGDOM Manchester,England0800-488-488GERMANY www.omega.deDeckenpfronn,Germany************FRANCE www.omega.fr 088-466-342BENELUX www.omega.nl 0800-099-33-44UNITED STATES 1-800-TC-OMEGA Stamford,CT.CZECH REPUBLIC www.omegaeng.cz Karviná,Czech Republic596-311-899TemperatureCalibrators, Connectors, General Test and Measurement Instruments, Handheld Instruments for Temperature Measurement, Ice Point References, Indicating Labels,Crayons, Cements and Lacquers, Infrared Temperature Measurement Instruments, Recorders, Relative Humidity Measurement Instruments, PT100 Probes, PT100 Elements,Temperature & Process Meters, Timers and Counters,Temperature and Process Controllers and Power Switching Devices, Thermistor Elements, Probes and Assemblies,Thermocouples, Thermowells and Head and WellAssemblies, Transmitters, Thermocouple Wire, RTD ProbesPressure,Strain and ForceDisplacement Transducers, Dynamic Measurement Force Sensors, Instrumentation for Pressure and StrainMeasurements, Load Cells, Pressure Gauges, PressureReference Section, Pressure Switches, Pressure Transducers,Proximity Transducers, Regulators, Pressure Transmitters,Strain Gauges, Torque Transducers, ValvespH and ConductivityConductivity Instrumentation,Dissolved OxygenInstrumentation,Environmental Instrumentation,pH Electrodes and Instruments,Water and Soil Analysis InstrumentationHeatersBand Heaters,Cartridge Heaters,Circulation Heaters,Comfort Heaters,Controllers,Meters and SwitchingDevices,Flexible Heaters,General Test and Measurement Instruments,Heater Hook-up Wire,Heating Cable Systems,Immersion Heaters,Process Air and Duct,Heaters,Radiant Heaters,Strip Heaters,Tubular HeatersFlow and LevelAir Velocity Indicators,Doppler Flowmeters,LevelMeasurement,Magnetic Flowmeters,Mass Flowmeters,Pitot Tubes,Pumps,Rotameters,Turbine and Paddle Wheel Flowmeters,Ultrasonic Flowmeters,Valves,Variable Area Flowmeters,Vortex Shedding FlowmetersData AcquisitionAuto-Dialers and Alarm Monitoring Systems,Communication Products and Converters,Data Acquisition and Analysis Software,Data LoggersPlug-in Cards,Signal Conditioners,USB,RS232,RS485and Parallel Port Data Acquisition Systems,Wireless Transmitters and Receivers。
新能源汽车混合动力系统测试平台设计与分析说明书
Construction and Analysis on the Hybrid System Test Bench of NewEnergy BusKun ZHOU 2, Qiu-Lin SUN 2, You-Ming TANG *,1,2, Gui-Bin SUN 1, Shui-TingZHOU 1, Yi ZHANG 1 and Yuan-Wei ZHANG 1,21Fujian Institute of New Energy Vehicles and Safety Technology, Xiamen University of Technology,Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, P .R. China2Fujian Fugong Power Technology Co, Ltd, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, P .R. ChinaKeywords: ISG system, Hybrid system, Test bench, New energy bus.Abstract. There is high market demand for new energy vehicles. And the driving system of new energy bus gets improved day by day. Within the performance studies on core components such as electric machinery, controller, battery and gearbox and within the vehicle system performance matching and conformity, it is an important part to accurately and quickly construct a test bench of the new energy bus hybrid system. To achieve ideal results of the bench test, the paper probes into the test objects, the test items, the site layout and technology assessment and others, and has taken every relevant factors into consideration.BackgroundSince 21st century the hybrid system has made continuous extension and its techniques including oil gas, gas-electric and gas-electric and others have been brought gradually into market. The paper mainly discusses the new energy bus hybrid system which is divided into BSG system and ISG system as different positions of the generators.BSG hybrid system means linking generator and engine through the integration of the belt drive and mechanism in the front end of the engine, which replaces the former generator and achieves integration of hybrid system. ISG system driver modes mainly includes following four kinds: pure electric-operation mode, electric-operation in series mode, hybrid drive in parallel mode, and pure engine-driven mode [1]. The brake system modes mainly are double-motors braked mode and single-motor braked mode.Nowadays the mixed coaxial direct drive occupies main hybrid system market. ISG system has solved the problems that the belt grinds early and that the crankshaft bearings of engine have eccentric wear, meantime it owns high saving rate of fuel consumption and good stability. Compared with BSG system, ISG system has following advantages: various working modes, high stability, high reliability, high integration, efficient brake recovery, low-energy driver and convenient maintenance [2].The paper studies ISG system and BSG system to build hybrid system bench and discussesbuilding plans.Figure 1. BSG Sketch3rd Annual International Conference on Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering (MME 2016)Figure 2. ISG SketchPreparations for Building BenchesBuilding hybrid system benches are time-consuming and energy-consuming projects, which include previous preparation, project development, project acceptance. In the early stage of hybrid system bench construction, we should collect data and consider equipment utilization ratios, equipment price, importance, work confidentiality and overall plan. Besides, we should ascertain the test bench target and its relevant information and various parameters. Manufacturers generally aim at driving systems under multiple spectrum to build hybrid products. Therefore, we need to synthetically consider kinds of parameters of spectrum and take the maximum speed, torque and power as reference. When choosing dynamometer, its spectrum parameters needs to be enveloped [3] Principles of Bench Construction SelectionAs for manufacturers without developing engines, they mainly study the integration effects among engine and motor, controller, transmission. When selecting equipment, we should consider parameters like testing precision and response time which will directly affect the data or frequency collection.Dynamometer SelectionThe power and speed of dynamometer can be determined by combing the motor and engine spectrum in the early stage of project. When selecting dynamometer, we try to envelope all tested products into dynamometer curve [4].1) According to the characteristics of motor peak, the maximum output power changes as speed differs before rated speed, but peak torque basically remains invariant. The maximum output power remains same with the change of speed after rated speed, but peak torque gradually decreases.2) Formula of Power Torque Speed.P=T*N/9550Among them：P--- Power；T--- Torque；N--- SpeedTherefore the following two points need evaluating to judge whether the tested product is within dynamometer curve or not. 1) To analyze whether torque is lower than the peak torque before rated speed. 2) To analyze whether peak torque power of the tested product is lower than peak power at maximum speed.When selecting torque flange we should pay attention to the following three points. 1) The speed of torque flange and the choice of torque; 2) The precision choice; 3) The linking methods. Dynamometer Frequency Converter SelectionBefore selecting dynamometer frequency converters we firstly need to consider the ways to use electricity of bench. In general there are two modes showed in table 1.Table 1. Electric Way of BenchWhen choosing dynamometer converters we should think the electricity modes whose maximum input voltage and maximum input current depend on maximum voltage and maximum current, and whose response time depends on the response time of tested motor controller.Direct-Current and Stable-Voltage Power Supply SelectionDirect-current and stable-voltage power supply is also called battery simulator selection which is taken into consideration together with the ways to use electricity of bench. Both single-channel direct-current and stable-voltage power supply and double-channels one are the energy-feedback type. When choosing direct-current and stable-voltage power supply we must consider the impact on grid from energy-feedback. According to the national standard GB/T 14549-93, there are two key requirements about implanting harmonic into grid.1) The power factor of direct-current and stable-voltage power supply is less than 0.99.2) The current distortion is less than 5%.If the above two requirements fail to meet, the grid frequency can be affected when the system gives back energy to the grid, which makes the grid unstable even shows a sudden power outage. Regulating System SelectionThe main regulating equipments of bench system are engine fuel, engine cooling water, engine oil, transmission oil and motor cooling water temperature control systems, all of which are controlled by temperature. Besides, although the car engine and gearbox have cooling device, the changes of temperature will directly affect the test results. And it is suggested to adapt separate regulation system.Test ItemsHybrid system platform construction can test engine and gearbox, however the main purpose of construction is to study the integration effects of driving system and the working efficiency and running state of every components under different running modes. Therefore, the main basis of test standards is GB/T18488, and simulation road bases on related standards of pure electric or hybrid [5]. To see table 2.Table 2.Test Items and Test StandardsLaboratory Arrangements and General RequestsHybrid system laboratory arrangements should take the electricity utilization, water usage, air conditioning, ventilation, fire protection, transportation, vibration reduction, noise reduction and exhaust and other factors into consideration [6].1) Vibration reduction: Hybrid system tests makes high speed and vibration. Running engine also makes bigger vibration. In general dynamometer is fixed into large iron floor with T-slot, and damping spring is used to decrease vibration under the iron floor. The pits fits the land building.2) Noise reduction: That dynamometer runs at high speed will produce noise. We need to use some sound insulation and noise reduction measures about walls, doors and windows.3) Electricity Usage: Dynamometer inverter and battery simulator are high-power electricalappliances, therefore we need to offer high power electricity to the power point.Given power dynamometer is W1, and maximum power for all tested prototype is W2, according to the following two modes, the choices of dynamometer power consumption and breakers are shown in table 3.4) Water Usage: Dynamometer are usually air cooling as well as water cooling. Many systems are water cooling, so the laboratory needs to circulate cooling water for the use of motor cooling system. At the same time, we also need to consider water temperature and flow requirements of the main equipment. In general, every test temperature is shown in the following table, and the equipment flow is related to its peak power.Table 3.Power Consumption of Dynamometer and Breaker SelectionTable 4. Cooling water requirements of Main EquipmentIn addition, we should take arrangements of the fuel supply system, the engine’s intake air conditioning, the engine exhaust system and the whole room ventilation or air conditioning system into consideration. It is also highly required to solve vibration and noise.Hybrid Bench Basic Function Requirements InstructionsBuilt hybrid bench has the following basic functions:1) It can adjust to the working mode of manual transmissions and automatic transmission (AMT, AT, CVT, DCT and general hybrid transmission).2) The platform system has the inertia simulation of the whole vehicle, the simulation of the road resistance, the simulation of the mechanical braking force and the simulation of the automatic driving functions.3) Bench system can adjust to recycling energy of hybrid energy braking systems and studying power allocation strategies. The brake system should fit two kinds structure forms in series or in parallel from the moto feedback energy r brake and mechanical brake.4) The system can simulate the using electricity order of the whole vehicle, including the use of low-voltage power system and the use of high voltage system.5) The protection of bench system should suit parking ways of hybrid power train and working ways of pure electric mode and other hybrid systems, which can set protection strategies of current and voltage by usingcurrent and voltage measurement parameters.6) In the dynamic model it can achieve “time – speed” closed-loop control; it also can control the speed of opening loops (users set accelerator pedals, the opening of brakes and the time of shifting gears before tests) to reappear torque and speed of the tested vehicle in test bench.7) The dynamic parameters of working condition can be input easily by users, for example, users can set different rolling resistance coefficient, relative wind speed, slope and bend coefficient that reflect road conditions; and users can set entire vehicle quality, radius of the tire, windward area, and unexisted inertia parameters that reflect the status of the vehicle condition; and users can set operating conditions such as vehicle starting, accelerating, uniform, sliding, decelerating, braking, the start point and end point of parking.8) There is common vehicle driving cycles in the system. If the operating mode cycle, defined by users, can create and lead in controlling systems by simple files like Excel, the system can run according to the defined control system of powertrain test bench.9) Bench can timely measure and store the operation data of the powertrain system including rotational speed, torque, fuel consumption, voltage, current and the pedal position, block information and some command data of the platform and others, which can be obtained by CAN protocol at the same time.ConclusionsTo build the hybrid system of passenger cars, we are supposed to understand the information of the test object, test content and support conditions etc. In this paper, we mainly discuss the preparation of the hybrid system, the main equipment selection criteria, the use of electricity and other aspects of the discussion rather than the battery test because of its high requirements to exam construction and fire protection. At the same time, EMC test, due to the high construction cost and low utilization rate, is suggested to outsource test, which is not explored in this paper either. AcknowledgementsThis study was financially supported by the Research and Development Project of State High Technology of China (‘863 Project’, 2012AA111105) and the Fujian Science & Technology Project of China (2016H2003).References[1] Ye Xianjun et al. Han Zhao, Bingli Zhang and Xizhen Wang. The Parameters Design and Experimental Study for the Powertrain of BSG Hybrid Electric Car[C], Automobile Technology ,2008.[2] Wu Qitang, Powertrain System of New Energy Vehicle at Home and Abroad [J], Beijing: State Administration of Machinery Industry, 2009.[3] Yang Yajuan, Han Zhao and Maofei Zhu, A Study on the Control Strategy for Maximum Energy Recovery by Regenerative Braking in Electric Vehicles [J], Automotive Engineering, 2013.[4] Gao Meng, Ziming Liu, Research on Driving Resistance Simulation System by using Automobile Chassis Dynamometer[J], Vehicle & Power Technology,2012.[5] Liang Jingjing, and Jiang Zhishen, Analysis on Chinese and European New Energy Vehicle Market Entry Certification System [J], automotive technology research center of China, 2013. [6] Sun Xiaoxin, Brief Analysis on Disciplines Structure of State Key Lab [J], scientific research regulation, 2008.。
专题13 七选五之半截句子类讲义 (思维导图+高考真题+最新模拟)(原卷版)
专题13 七选五之半截句子类讲义--2022年高考英语第二轮复习七选五狂练（原卷版）【七选五之半截句子类思维导图】【高考真题示范】半截句子设空经典思路点拨模式一：主从复合句（主句+从句，缺少主句或从句）【名师点津】通常情况下, 设空处后面是句号。
但如果设空处后面是逗号, 则该处填入的应为“未完待续” 的句子, 这些句子往往是从句或是主句; 如果设空处前面是逗号, 则该处填入的句子的首字母应为小写(专有名词除外)。
我们可以据此来迅速锁定选择范围。
（2021全国乙卷）According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.1 , if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.People love to talk about themselves. If you ca n start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 2 , it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.A. How do you know the hostB. The first step is to go exploringC. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangersE. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to sayF. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talkingG. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most（2018全国Ⅰ卷）Color is fundamental in home design —something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Prof essional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 1 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.2 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever you’re looking forC. If you’re experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar withE. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways（2017全国IⅠ卷）Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.1 , there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying noB. When you want to avoid interruptions at workC. Set boundaries for yourself as your time goesD. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public areaE. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be availableF. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not（2016全国IⅠ卷）●Recall (回忆) your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. 4 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. It's our experience of the garden that mattersD. It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have（2015全国IⅠ卷）Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 1 , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them. As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to preventinjuries.A. After six daysB. For a good marathon runnerC. Before you begin your trainingD. With each day, increase the distance by a half mileE. If they still feel good, you can begin running in themF. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingG. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time模式二：含非谓语简单句（非谓语+简单句或者简单句+非谓语）【名师点津】还有一种情况，空格前或空格后是非谓语结构，显然这些句子是不完整的，需要从语法结构上判断空白处需要一个简单句，进而缩小范围，选出最佳答案。
GOT1000系列商品说明书：GT15-QBUS GT15-QBUS2 GT15-ABUS GT15
User's ManualThank you for purchasing the GOT1000 Series.MODEL GT15-QBUS/GT15-QBUS2/GT15-ABUS/GT15-ABUS2BUS CONNECTION UNITPrior to use, please read both this manual and detailed manual thoroughly to fully understand the product.MODEL GT15-BUS-U MODEL CODE1D7M39IB(NA)-0800323-D(0610)MEEz SAFETY PRECAUTIONS z(Always read these precautions before using this equipment.)Before using this product, please read this manual and the relevant manuals introduced in this manual carefully and pay full attention to safety to handle the product correctly. The precautions given in this manual are concerned with this product. In this manual, the safety precautions are ranked as "DANGER" and "CAUTION".both levels because they are important to personal safety.Please save this manual to make it accessible when required and always forward it to the end user.[DESIGN PRECAUTIONS]Indicates that incorrect handling may cause hazardous conditions, resulting in death or severe injury.Indicates that incorrect handling may cause hazardous conditions, resulting in medium or slight personal injury or physical damage.[INSTALLATION PRECAUTIONS][TRANSPORTATION PRECAUTIONS]ManualsThe following shows manuals relevant to this product.For relevant manuals, refer to the PDF manual stored within the drawing software used.© 2005 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATIONCompliance with the EMC and Low Voltage DirectivesWhen incorporating the Mitsubishi GOT into other machinery or equipment and keeping compliance with the EMC and low voltage directives, refer to "EMC AND LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE" of the GT15 User's Manual.The CE logo is printed on the rating plate of the GOT, indicating compliance with the EMC and low voltage directives.By making this product conform to the EMC directive and low voltage instruction, it is not necessary to make those steps individually.Product ComponentsThe bus connection unit consists of the following items.1. OverviewThis User's Manual describes the GT15 bus connection unit (hereinafter abbreviated as bus connection unit).There are the following bus connection unit types.Refer to the GT15 User's Manual for the applicable e the bus connection unit for making bus connection of the GOT.Select the used bus connection unit according to the connection target and connection position.Detailed ManualManual nameManual Number (Type code)GT15 User's Manual(Option)SH-080528ENG (1D7M23)GOT1000 Series Connection Manual(Option)SH-080532ENG (1D7M26)Relevant ManualsModel nameProduct nameQuantityGT15-QBUS,GT15-ABUSEither GT15-QBUS or GT15-ABUS 1A set of screws (2 screws, 2 labels)1GT15-QBUS2,GT15-ABUS2Either GT15-QBUS2 or GT15-ABUS21A set of screws (2 screws, 2 labels)2Extension interface relay board1Product nameModel name DescriptionBus connectionunitGT15- QBUSQCPU (Q Mode) bus connection Number of connectors: 1GT15- QBUS2QCPU (Q Mode) bus connection Number of connectors: 2GT15- ABUS QnA/ACPU bus connection Number of connectors: 1GT15- ABUS2QnA/ACPU bus connection Number of connectors: 2<Bus connection unit selection example>(1)Select the bus connection unit according to theconnection target.When using the bus connection, make the communication settings to perform communication between the GOT and PLC.Refer to the GOT1000 Series Connection Manual for details of bus connection.2. SpecificationsThe performance specifications of the bus connection unit are indicated below.Refer to the used GT15 User's Manual for the general specifications of the bus connection unit.*When the GOT power is on, the internal current consumption is included in the current consumption of the GOT.When the GOT power is off, the internal current is supplied from the power supply of the PLC system.3. Part Names and External DimensionsWhen using bus connection unit, use a standard monitor OS and communication driver of GT Designer2 Version2.15R or later.With a standard monitor OS and communication driver of an older version, the GOT has cannot recognize the unit to perform monitoring.Item GT15-QBUS GT15-QBUS2GT15-ABUS GT15-ABUS2I/O occupiedpoints 16 points (I/O assignment: 16 intelligent points)32 points (I/O assignment:Special 32 points)Internal consumed current (DC5V)*0.44A 0.44A 0.12A 0.12A Weight0.13kg0.14kg0.13kg0.14kg(2)GT15-QBUS2, GT15-ABUS2Extension interface relay boardDimensions of X when mounted to the GOT.Unit: mm (inch)15”, 10.4”21 (0.83)12.1”18 (0.71)8.4”, 5.7”23 (0.91)Description1)Bus connector (IN side)Connector for connecting the bus connection cable (IN side)2)Bus connector (OUT side)Connector for connecting the bus connection cable (OUT side)3)Interface connector Extension connector installed to a front extension unit or the GOT 4)Extension connector Extension connector to which a back extension unit is installed 5)Mounting screw Mounting screws fixed with a front extension unit or GOT 6)Board fixing screw Screw for fixing the extension interface relay board7)Rating plate- 4. Installation Procedure(1)GT15-QBUS, GT15-ABUS1)Power off the GOT.2)Remove the two expansion unit covers of the GOT.3)Fit the bus connection unit along the groove of the GOT case.4)Fasten the bus connection unit by tightening itsmounting screws (2 places) with tightening torgue 0.36 to 0.48 N•m.5)When installing an extension unit on the unit that has been installed, remove the connector cover and the seal.When not installing an extension unit on the unit that has been installed, in order to avoid receivingelectrostatic, stick accessory labels to cover the top of mounting screws (2 places). Keep the connector cover fixed. Keep the seal stuck as it is.(2)GT15-QBUS2, GT15-ABUS21)Power off the GOT.2)Remove the two expansion unit covers of the GOT.I/F-2 side on the GOT. For GT155, the extension interface relay board is not needed.4)Fit the bus connection unit along the groove of the GOT case.5)Fasten the bus connection unit by tightening itsmounting screws (4 places) with tightening torgue 0.36 to 0.48 N•m.6)Fasten the bus connection unit by tightening the board fixing screws (2 places) with the tightening torque of 0.36 to 0.48 N•m.mounting screws (4 places). Keep the connector cover fixed. Keep the seal stuck as it is.PointRemove the screws that fixes the extend interface relay board before removing the unit.(Above 6))WarrantyMitsubishi will not be held liable for damage caused by factors found not to be the cause of Mitsubishi; machine damage or lost profits caused by faults in the Mitsubishi products; damage, secondary damage, accident compensation caused by special factors unpredictable by Mitsubishi; damages to products other than general industries, and has not been designed or manufactured to be incorporated in a device or system used in purposes related to human life.•Before using the product for special purposes such as nuclear power, electric power, aerospace, medicine or passenger movement vehicles, consult with Mitsubishi.•This product has been manufactured under strict quality control. However, when installing the product where major accidents or losses could occur if the product fails, install appropriate backup or failsafe functions in the system.。
广东省东莞市第四高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题
广东省东莞市第四高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题一、阅读理解Environmental charities play a crucial role in preserving our planet for future generations. Here’s a look at how a few of these organizations are making a difference.Sierra Club Foundation (SCF)The SCF has been a leader in environmental conservation for over a century. With a focus on wildlife protection and habitat restoration, the foundation has helped establish numerous national parks and wildlife reserves. They also run educational programs to raise awareness about environmental issues.Friends of the Earth (FOE)Friends of the Earth is an international network of environmental organizations that advocate for the protection of the natural world. They are known for their activism and persuading efforts, pushing for stronger environmental laws and corporate responsibility. FOE also provides resources to help individuals make sustainable choices.Environmental Defense Fund (EDF)The EDF is a global organization dedicated to addressing climate change and preserving biodiversity. They use science, economics, and law to find environmental solutions that work with industry and government. Their initiatives have led to significant policy changes and corporate responsibility improvements.Ecology and Environment Foundation (EEF)The EEF is a charitable organization that focuses on community-based conservation projects. They work closely with local communities to develop sustainable practices that protect the environment and improve livelihoods. By empowering individuals and communities, EEF aims to create lasting change.1．What is the primary mission of the Sierra Club Foundation?A．Relying on stronger environmental laws.B．Setting up national parks and wildlife reserves.C．Providing resources for sustainable living.D．Appealing to corporate responsibility.2．How does the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) mainly operate?A．Through community-based conservation projects.B．By using science, economics, and law to find solutions.C．By running educational programs for the public.D．By selling goods and asking for help.3．What is a unique approach of the Ecology and Environment Foundation (EEF)?A．Working with industry and government to create policy changes.B．Advocating for the protection of the natural world through activism.C．Using science and economics to address climate change.D．Granting rights of local communities to develop sustainable practices.Sandra Cisneros was born in Chicago in 1954 to a Mexican American family. As the only girl in a family of seven children, she often felt like she had “seven fathers,” because her six brothers, as well as her father, tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant, she retreated (躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading, she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.In high school, with the encouragement of one particular teacher, Cisneros improved her grades and worked for the school literary magazine. Her father encouraged her to go to college because he thought it would be a good way for her to find a husband. Cisneros did attend college, but instead of searching for a husband, she found a teacher who helped her join the famous graduate writing program at the University of Iowa. At the university’s Writers’ Workshop, however, she felt lonely — a Mexican American from a poor neighborhood among students from wealthy families. The feeling of being so different helped Cisneros find her “creative voice”.“It was not until this moment when I considered myself truly different that my writing acquired a voice. I knew I was a Mexican woman, but I didn’t think it had anything to do with why I felt so much imbalance in my life, but it had everything to do with it! That’s when I decided I would write about something my classmates couldn’t write about.”Cisneros published her first work, The House on Mango Street, when she was twenty-nine.The book talks about a young Mexican American girl growing up in a Spanish-speaking area in Chicago, much like the neighborhoods in which Cisneros lived as a child. The book won an award in 1985 and has been used in classes from high school to graduate school level. Since then, Cisneros has published several books of poetry, a children’s book and a short-story collection. 4．What can we know about Cisneros in her childhood?A．Her brothers disliked her.B．She felt herself a nobody.C．She was too shy to go to school.D．She did not meet any good teachers.5．The graduate program gave Cisneros a chance to ________.A．run away from her family B．develop her writing styleC．make a lot of friends D．search for a husband6．According to Cisneros, what was the key factor in her success?A．Her childhood experience.B．Her training in the Workshop.C．Her feeling of being different.D．Her early years in college.7．What do we learn about The House on Mango Street?A．It enjoys great popularity among students.B．It is a book of poetry written by Cisneros.C．It wasn’t a success as it was written in Spanish.D．It won an award when Cisneros was twenty-nine.The news industry has had a rough decade. Print readership is steadily decreasing, newspapers are closing, and journalists with decades of experience are being laid off. In response, major newspapers have made significant changes. They’re attempting to defeat declining reader interest by shortening stories, creating clickbait (诱饵性标题), and most especially, using social media to their advantage.With the rise of social media sites, many people have claimed that we are entering a new age in which news must be delivered in 140 characters or fewer. People’s ability to focus onlong-form content and engage in deep reading has also been declining due to the endless distractions and excessive information in today’s world. This change in reading habits has led to a preference for short, easily understood news pieces that can be quickly consumed. To interest a more specific and generally younger readership, newspapers have revised content, prioritizing articles that are visually appealing instead of having depth.But, in reality, there is still a demand for in-depth reporting. In this era of misinformation and clickbait, readers are seeking reliable sources of news that provide context, analysis, and accountability. Depth reporting explores the fundamental causes, involves multiple views, and uncovers the hidden truths that shape our world, helping readers get a more comprehensive understanding of complex matters.While social media have changed the way we consume news, the quality of news remains essential for the public. It’s crucial for the news industry to achieve a balance between catering to changing reader preferences while also maintaining the integrity (完整性) of news. This means providing both quick updates and in-depth analysis, and using social media to promote their content, but not at the expense of accuracy or integrity. By doing so, news organizations can ensure that they remain relevant and trusted sources of information in a rapidly changing media environment.8．What problem does traditional news industry face?A．The decline of readership.B．The lack of long-form stories.C．The spread of unreliable information.D．The shortage of experienced journalists.9．What does the underlined word “prioritizing” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A．Checking out.B．Cutting down.C．Paying no attention to.D．Attaching importance to.10．What do we know from paragraph 3?A．People’s need for in-depth reporting is decreasing.B．Social media has played a key role in promoting hidden facts.C．Clickbait greatly increases readers’ interests in exploring truths.D．In-depth reporting can improve comprehension of complex issues.11．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A．A focus on quick updates and popular topics.B．Preference for multiple perspectives and shorter articles.C．A balance between readers’ preferences and the quality of news.D．Importance of news sources and accuracy of contents.About ten years ago, logging into Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram would mostly show posts from friends and family in the order they were posted. Today, these platforms present a mix of content, tailored by algorithms (算法) to match users’ interests, whether it’s plants, sports, cats, or politics.Kyle Chayka, a writer for The New Yorker, discusses this topic in his book, Filterworld. He explains that algorithms analyze user data to predict and influence what they will likely engage with. This means that instead of a simple, chronological feed, users encounter a dynamic stream, constantly adapting to their preferences. Chayka examines how these algorithmic recommendations control what we consume, from music and movies to food and travel destinations. He argues that this machine-driven selection process has turned us into passive consumers, making our preferences and tastes more similar.Chayka points out that algorithms make us passive by always showing us content that we’re unlikely to click away from but won’t find too unexpected or challenging. This constant stream of recommendations reduces our exposure to diverse or challenging content, subtly shaping our preferences and behaviors.Moreover, Chayka points out that algorithms also pressure content creators, like musicians and artists, to tailor their work to fit these digital platforms. For instance, musicians on Spotify or TikTok might focus on creating catchy hooks at the beginning of their songs to grab the listener’s attention.Despite the strong presence of these algorithms, Chayka believes that regulation could reduce their influence. He suggests that if Meta, the parent company of Facebook, were required to separate its various services, like Instagram or WhatsApp, and make them compete with each other, it could give users more control and choice over their digital consumption.In summary, the change from simple, time-ordered social. media posts to algorithm-drivencontent has a big impact on both the viewers and the creators, influencing what we see, hear, and even think. Chayka’s insights highlight the need for greater awareness and potentially more regulation in our increasingly digital world.12．According to the text, how have social media platforms changed in the past ten years?A．They show posts in a time-based order.B．They prioritize posts from friends and family.C．They make adjustments to satisfy users’ needs.D．They provide more content to meet different needs.13．What does Kyle Chayka think of algorithmic recommendations?A．They make users more active consumers.B．They shape users’ preferences and behaviors.C．They reduce the influence of content creators.D．They expose users to diverse and challenging content.14．How do algorithms influence musicians’ work on digital platforms?A．By encouraging musicians to create longer songs.B．By discouraging musicians from using catchy hooks.C．By giving musicians more control and choice over their music.D．By requiring musicians to create their work to fit the platforms.15．What can be concluded from the text?A．Tech companies should have more departments.B．Social media algorithms give content creators less opportunities.C．Social media algorithms flatten our culture by making decisions for us.D．Network platforms have increased the common recommendations for 10 years.Art is all around us. It can be found everywhere, including fancy galleries, people’s living rooms, and on the sides of buildings. So, why is art important?It promotes expression and creativity. As humans, we’re naturally drawn to art as a form of expression and communication. 16 It’s a way for them to express themselves before they’re able to speak. In fact, participation in the arts may even assist kids with language, motor skills, and visual learning development.17 When someone applies for a job, there are certain skills they need to have like data analysis or bookkeeping. However, many employers also understand the very important need for the skills which are hard to measure and often difficult to define. Some examples include a person’s ability to adapt to change, think creatively, or collaborate with team members.It provides historical context. 18 This is why people devote their lives to studying cave art, Shakespearean plays, and so much more. When we take the time to dive into art created in the past, we can learn about other generations and eras. We can study art to find out what those before us were facing and how they overcame it. 19In therapy(疗法)settings, art also provides an opportunity for digging deeper and expressing emotions that are difficult to discuss. 20 In one important study, children between 6 and 12 were asked to draw a house as a distraction after thinking about something upsetting. This group was able to improve their mood when compared with children who were instructed to draw the negative event or simply copy another drawing.A．These are its major benefits.B．Children love to draw, sing, and dance.C．Art and human history go hand-in-hand.D．How does it have an impact on our life?E．It helps all of us develop necessary soft skills.F．It can help people handle both their past and present problems.G．Similarly, future generations will learn about our current events through our art.二、完形填空My mother has always been one of those rare people that sees the good in everyone and does good things. She’s had her ups and downs but has always 21 a positive, sunny outlook on life and been very 22 to people.One day, my little sister fell and hurt her ankle, desperately needing a 23 to the hospital emergency room. My mother immediately 24 into crisis mode, packed my sister into the car, and drove to our local hospital. In such a 25 , my mother didn’t call to tell my father. When she got to the hospital, she realized she needed to 26 with my father immediately.While waiting for my sister to be examined, my mother 27 her way to the pay phone to place her call. She put her coin in, called my father and told him everything. After she hung up, the phone 28 several additional coins that Mom wasn’t owed.Realizing that the phone was 29 , my mother decided to leave the 30 coins by the phone. She told us that in a crisis, people might not remember to bring 31 with them to make that emergency call.I’ve often thought about her 32 from an adult’s perspective. I realize that someone seeing the money by he phone may have 33 taken it because not everyone was as 34 as my mother. But I like to believe that my mother’s faith was 35 and that someone who needed them found the coins waiting there.21．A．tolerated B．anticipated C．maintained D．expressed 22．A．patient B．helpful C．honest D．polite 23．A．rest B．stay C．lift D．visit24．A．cut B．shifted C．looked D．stuck 25．A．rush B．way C．relief D．process 26．A．come along B．keep in line C．make up D．get in touch 27．A．made B．felt C．picked D．gave 28．A．found B．returned C．collected D．charged 29．A．smart B．ready C．convenient D．broken 30．A．different B．ancient C．extra D．rare31．A．luck B．phones C．change D．chances 32．A．opportunity B．decision C．appointment D．encounter 33．A．simply B．suddenly C．obviously D．gradually 34．A．thoughtful B．grateful C．hopeful D．successful 35．A．hard-won B．newly-built C．well-placed D．deeply-rooted三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
GIS软件使用教程：创建和操作地图说明书
ContentsPreface ixAcknowledgments xiPart I Using and making mapsChapter 1 Introduction 1Tutorial 1-1 Opening and saving a map document 2Tutorial 1-2 Working with map layers 5Tutorial 1-3 Navigating in a map document 12Tutorial 1-4 Measuring distances 21Tutorial 1-5 Working with feature attributes 24Tutorial 1-6 Selecting features 29Tutorial 1-7 Changing selection options 30Tutorial 1-8 Working with attribute tables 36Tutorial 1-9 Labeling features 43Assignment 1-1 Analyze population by race in the top 10 US states 46Assignment 1-2 Produce a crime map 49Chapter 2 Map design 51Tutorial 2-1 Creating point and polygon maps using qualitative attributes 52 Tutorial 2-2 Creating point and polygon maps using quantitative attributes 62 Tutorial 2-3 Creating custom classes for a map 66Tutorial 2-4 Creating custom colors for a map 70Tutorial 2-5 Creating normalized and density maps 73Tutorial 2-6 Creating dot density maps 78Tutorial 2-7 Creating fishnet maps 80Tutorial 2-8 Creating group layers and layer packages 86Assignment 2-1 Create a map showing schools in New York City by type 92 Assignment 2-2 Create maps for military sites and congressional districts 93 Assignment 2-3 Create maps for US veteran unemployment status 95Chapter 3 GIS outputs 97Tutorial 3-1 Building an interactive GIS 97Tutorial 3-2 Creating map layouts 104Tutorial 3-3 Reusing a custom map layout 111Tutorial 3-4 Creating a custom map template with two maps 113Tutorial 3-5 Adding a report to a layout 119viGIS TUTORIAL FOR ARCGIS DESKTOP 10.8Tutorial 3-6 Adding a graph to a layout 121Tutorial 3-7 Building a map animation 123Tutorial 3-8 Using ArcGIS Online 128Assignment 3-1 Create a dynamic map of historic buildings in downtown Pittsburgh 128Assignment 3-2 Create a layout comparing 2010 elderly and youth population compositions in Orange County, California 130Assignment 3-3 Create an animation for an auto theft crime time series 131Part II Working with spatial dataChapter 4 File geodatabases 133Tutorial 4-1 Building a file geodatabase 133Tutorial 4-2 Using ArcCatalog utilities 136Tutorial 4-3 Modifying an attribute table 139Tutorial 4-4 Joining tables 142Tutorial 4-5 Creating centroid coordinates in a table 144Tutorial 4-6 Aggregating data 148Assignment 4-1 Investigate educational attainment 153Assignment 4-2 Compare serious crime with poverty in Pittsburgh 155Chapter 5 Spatial data 159Tutorial 5-1 Examining metadata 160Tutorial 5-2 Working with world map projections 162Tutorial 5-3 Working with US map projections 165Tutorial 5-4 Working with rectangular coordinate systems 167Tutorial 5-5 Learning about vector data formats 172Tutorial 5-6 Exploring raster basemaps from Esri web services 178Tutorial 5-7 Downloading raster maps from the USGS 181Chapter 6 Geoprocessing 185Tutorial 6-1 Extracting features for a study area 185Tutorial 6-2 Clipping features 190Tutorial 6-3 Dissolving features 192Tutorial 6-4 Merging features 195Tutorial 6-5 Intersecting layers 199Tutorial 6-6 Unioning layers 202Tutorial 6-7 Automating geoprocessing using ModelBuilder 208Assignment 6-1 Build a study region for Colorado counties 220Assignment 6-2 Dissolve property parcels to create a zoning map 222Assignment 6-3 Build a model to create a fishnet map layer for a study area 223Chapter 7 Digitizing 227Tutorial 7-1 Digitizing polygon features 228Tutorial 7-2 Digitizing line features 239Tutorial 7-3 Digitizing point features 245Tutorial 7-4 Using advanced editing tools 248Tutorial 7-5 Spatially adjusting features 255Assignment 7-1 Digitize police beats 259COnTEnTS viiAssignment 7-2 Use GIS to track campus information 261Chapter 8 Geocoding 263Tutorial 8-1 Geocoding data by ZIP Code 263Tutorial 8-2 Geocoding data by street address 268Tutorial 8-3 Correcting source addresses using interactive rematch 274Tutorial 8-4 Correcting street reference layer addresses 276Tutorial 8-5 Using an alias table 281Assignment 8-1 Geocode household hazardous waste participants to ZIP Codes 282Assignment 8-2 Geocode immigrant-run businesses to Pittsburgh streets 284Assignment 8-3 Examine match option parameters for geocoding 285Part III Analyzing spatial dataChapter 9 Spatial analysis 289Tutorial 9-1 Buffering points for proximity analysis 290Tutorial 9-2 Conducting a site suitability analysis 295Tutorial 9-3 Using multiple ring buffers for calibrating a gravity model 299Assignment 9-1 Analyze population in California cities at risk for earthquakes 308Assignment 9-2 Analyze visits to the Jack Stack public pool in Pittsburgh 310Chapter 10 ArcGIS 3D Analyst for Desktop 313Tutorial 10-1 Creating a 3D scene 314Tutorial 10-2 Creating a TIN from contours 315Tutorial 10-3 Draping features onto a TIN 320Tutorial 10-4 Navigating scenes 326Tutorial 10-5 Creating an animation 330Tutorial 10-6 Using 3D effects 332Tutorial 10-7 Using 3D symbols 335Tutorial 10-8 Editing 3D objects 339Tutorial 10-9 Using 3D Analyst for landform analysis 342Tutorial 10-10 Exploring ArcGlobe 348Assignment 10-1 Develop a 3D presentation for downtown historic sites 352Assignment 10-2 Topographic site analysis 354Assignment 10-3 3D animation of a conservatory study area 355Chapter 11 ArcGIS Spatial Analyst for Desktop 357Tutorial 11-1 Processing raster map layers 358Tutorial 11-2 Creating a hillshade raster layer 363Tutorial 11-3 Making a kernel density map 365Tutorial 11-4 Extracting raster value points 371Tutorial 11-5 Conducting a raster-based site suitability study 374Assignment 11-1 Create a mask and hillshade for suburbs 381Assignment 11-2 Estimate heart attack fatalities outside hospitals by gender 383Chapter 12 ArcGIS Network Analyst for Desktop 385Tutorial 12-1 Solving the “traveling salesperson” problem 386Tutorial 12-2 Building a TIGER-based network dataset 394viiiGIS TUTORIAL FOR ARCGIS DESKTOP 10.8Tutorial 12-3 Creating travel polygons 402Tutorial 12-4 Locating facilities 409Tutorial 12-5 Routing vehicles from depots to demand points 414Assignment 12-1 Geographic access to federally qualified health centers 421Assignment 12-2 Analyze visits to the Phillips public pool in Pittsburgh 423Assignment 12-3 Locate new farmers’ markets in Washington, DC 424Appendix Data source credits 427。
RIB西班牙公司手册说明书
Estructura de Desglose del Trabajo EDTUna de las primeras tareas en el proceso de creación de un proyecto es la definición de su alcance, delimitando los trabajos a realizar para lograr cumplir los objetivos planteados en el proyecto, y desarrollar los conceptos entregables que van a formar parte del mismo.Una herramienta útil para hacer esta tarea es la EDT, Estructura de Desglose del Trabajo, en inglés WBS o Work Breakdown Structure:Una descomposición jerárquica orientada al entregable relativa al trabajo que seráejecutado por el equipo del proyecto para lograr los objetivos del proyecto y crear losentregables requeridos. Organiza y define el alcance total del proyecto.Este documento es un resumen de ideas tomadas de:Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures, Project Management Institute, PMI.Second Edition, March 2011.Cuando es aplicable, se utiliza la nomenclatura de la ISO 21500: Directrices para ladirección y gestión de proyectos.Si no se indica lo contrario, las definiciones están tomadas del PMBOK, Cuarta edición, 2008.Alcance de un proyectoEs todo el trabajo requerido para completar el proyecto con éxito, y en general contiene:∙Objetivos y límites del proyecto.∙Descripción del producto o servicio.∙Entregables.∙Criterio de aceptación del producto restricciones.∙Identificación de riesgos.∙Equipo de proyecto inicial y resto de integrantes.∙Cronograma de hitos.∙Estimación de costes.∙Gestión del control de cambios.EntregableLista de los subproductos cuya entrega al cliente marca la consecución del proyecto.Cualquier producto, resultado o capacidad de prestar un servicio único y verificable que debe producirse para terminar un proceso, una fase o un proyecto.La EDT está implementada en Presto desde su origen, como estructura jerárquica de capítulos y unidades de obra, aunque los usuarios no siempre son conscientes de que la están usando.¿Qué es una EDT?La EDT organiza y define el alcance total del proyecto y representa el trabajo especificado en la declaración del alcance del proyecto.Su finalidad es identificar y definir todos los esfuerzos requeridos, asignar las responsabilidades a los elementos de la organización, y que a partir de la EDT se establezca un cronograma y presupuesto adecuado para la realización de los trabajos. El trabajo planificado está contenido en el nivel más bajo de los componentes de la EDT, denominados paquetes de trabajo, que en Presto se corresponden a las unidades de obra, y se caracterizan porque pueden ser programados, presupuestados, monitoreados y controlados.La EDT es un elemento clave en los demás procesos del proyecto, porque es la base para el control de costes, la asignación de recursos, el cronograma y el análisis de riesgos del proyecto.¿Cómo se hace una EDT?Elegir el tipo de estructura EDTUna EDT orientada a entregables define el trabajo del proyecto en términos de los componentes (físico o funcional) que componen el entregable. Por ejemplo, los elementos de la EDT se pueden definir de la siguiente forma:Ejemplo de EDT orientada a entregablesEste tipo de EDT es el recomendado por el Project Management Institute (PMI).En función del objetivo se pueden usar otras EDT orientadas a:∙Fases, sobre todo en proyectos largos.∙Acciones, necesarias para obtener el entregable.∙Localizaciones o zonas geográficas.∙Disciplinas o tipos de organización.∙Centros de coste.∙Naturalezas de coste.∙Centros de beneficio.Crear la estructura EDTUna vez conocido el objetivo y el tipo de EDT a utilizar, el siguiente paso es crear la estructura, dotándola de los elementos necesarios para su completo desarrollo.No existen unas reglas específicas para su diseño, pero en general, los elementos EDT deben cumplir los siguientes criterios:∙Debe ser creada con la ayuda del equipo.∙Definen y organizan la estructura de trabajo total del proyecto.∙Completan un nivel antes de seguir descomponiendo alguno de sus elementos.∙Subdividen el trabajo del proyecto en porciones más pequeñas, entendibles y fáciles de manejar.∙Cada nivel descendente representa una definición cada vez más detallada del trabajo del proyecto, hasta llegar al nivel más bajo o "paquete de trabajo".∙El trabajo comprendido en los paquetes de trabajo puede ser programado, presupuestado, controlado, y se le puede asignar un único responsable.Proceso de creación de la EDTEjemplo práctico sobre cómo hacer una EDT de un proyecto de construcción de viviendas, realizado con Presto.La información mostrada en este apartado corresponde a la norma europea de clasificación Code of Measurement for Cost Planning, desarrollada por el Council of European Construction Economists, compatible con la norma alemana DIN 276.Paso 1Identificar el producto final del proyecto, que debe entregarse para alcanzar el objetivo perseguido.Revisar el alcance y objetivo del proyecto, para asegurar la consistencia entre los elementos que componen la EDT y los requerimientos del proyecto.Teniendo en cuenta estos criterios iniciales creamos con Presto una estructura EDT, por ejemplo una obra nueva basada en la plantilla "Grupos de coste DIN 276"."Archivo: Nuevo"Plantilla "Grupos de coste DIN 276".Puede obtener más información sobre el uso de plantillas en la nota técnica denominada "Iniciar un presupuesto a partir de plantillas".La obra obtenida contiene los capítulos a partir de los cuales se inicia el desarrollo de la EDT.Definición del primer nivel de trabajoPaso 2Definir los principales capítulos del proyecto. Por sí mismos no constituyen un producto terminado, pero facilitan la comprensión del proyecto al dividirlo en bloques claramente diferenciados.Definición del segundo nivel de trabajoPaso 3Seguir descomponiendo los capítulos hasta llegar al nivel adecuado de detalle, por ejemplo, una unidad funcional, un acabado, una instalación o un equipamiento.Una buena práctica consiste en borrar los capítulos no necesarios en lugar de añadirlos partiendo desde cero. La ventaja, además de ahorrar tiempo, es que sirve como lista de comprobación para no olvidar algún capítulo importante.Definición del tercer nivel de trabajoPaso 4Descomponer los capítulos hasta el nivel de detalle final, es decir, hasta el nivel del paquete de trabajo o unidad de obra, que es el punto en el cual el coste y el cronograma son fiables y permite un seguimiento eficiente del proyecto.Criterios de desglose hasta el nivel de unidad de obraCriterio Comentario EjemploVisión global La integración de unidades simplifica lamedición, evita olvidos y permite analizarglobalmente el elemento constructivo.m2 de fachada completaEstrategia Una buena segregación puede facilitar lasreferencias cruzadas y ahorrar trabajo. Separar los tabiques por su revestimientoHomogeneidad Las unidades de obra deben compartir launidad de medida y la forma de medición. Cerramientos con distinto criterio de mediciónValoración Para abonar la unidad de obra terminada debeser ejecutada por un sólo oficio.Fábrica más aislamientoEquidad Si la unidad de obra se ejecuta en fases muyseparadas, hay una inversión no rentabilizada. Ascensor: guías, puertas, maquinariaAnálisis Satisfacer los criterios de agregaciónnecesarios para los análisis de costes. Impermeabilizantes en cubierta o separadosNormalización Las unidades de obra de los cuadros deprecios facilitan las búsquedas ycomparaciones.Según el cuadro Mediciones y presupuestos, Fernando Valderrama, Editorial Reverté, Barcelona, 2010.En el PMBOK se recomienda que un paquete de trabajo tenga un único punto de responsabilidad.Las divisiones en diferentes niveles dependerán de varios factores:A - La complejidad del trabajo.Conviene subdividir las tareas hasta un nivel de detalle que identifique la secuencia, paralelismo y demás relaciones de precedencia entre las actividades que componen un flujo lógico de ejecución.B – Agentes o partes interesadas asociados al proyecto.El caso en el que es necesario obtener una salida o producto asignada a un subcontratista o una parte del equipo, conviene agrupar sus actividades en un paquete de trabajo o unidad de obra.C - La criticidad de una tarea.En la medida en que una tarea sea crítica para el proyecto, porque es la entrada a otras tareas o porque de su salida depende la continuación de la ejecución del proyecto, debería ser una tarea definida en términos de unidad de obra.En el ejemplo se completa el desglose de la fachada hasta el último nivel, copiando las unidades de obra necesarias del cuadro de precios CENTRO.Definición del último nivelPaso 5Revisar y refinar la EDT hasta que las personas y organizaciones involucradas en el proyecto estén de acuerdo en que la planificación pueda completarse, y la ejecución y el control producirán los resultados deseados.El resultado final de la EDT es la representación de una estructura jerárquica del proyecto, en forma gráfica y descriptiva, que subdivide las actividades en varios niveles hasta llegar al grado de detalle necesario para un control y planificación adecuados. Principios de diseño de LA EDTLa regla del 100%Es uno de los principios de diseño más importantes de la EDT. La norma práctica para la estructura de descomposición del trabajo en su segunda edición, publicada por el Project Management Institute (PMI) define la Regla 100% de la siguiente manera: La regla del 100% establece que la EDT incluye el 100% de las obras definidas en elproyecto alcance y captura todos los entregables - interiores y exteriores, provisionales - en términos de la obra a realizar, incluyendo la gestión de proyectos.La regla se aplica a todos los niveles dentro de la jerarquía. La suma de los trabajos de "los inferiores" debe ser igual al 100% de la obra representada por su "superior".La mejor manera de cumplir la regla 100% es definir los elementos de la EDT entérminos de resultados o entregables. Esto también asegura que la EDT no sea demasiado prescriptiva en los métodos, lo que permite una cierta libertad de iniciativa y personalización por parte de los participantes del proyecto.Nivel de desgloseAlgunas orientaciones sobre cuánto desglosar una EDT:Por lo general, cuando un proyecto se ha descompuesto en un elemento que tiene alrededor de 40 horas de trabajo asignado directamente, no hay necesidad dedescomponerlo más (Michael D. Taylor). La regla de 40 horas se basa en unasemana laboral de 40 horas. Debido a esto, la mayoría de los diagramas de las EDTno son simétricos, llegando algunas ramas al nivel 3 mientras que otras llegan al 6. ∙Algunos autores consideran que una EDT está suficientemente descompuesta cuando el elemento representa aproximadamente el 4% del total del proyecto, yasea en tiempo o en coste (Gary Heerkens).∙Se estima que dentro de un nivel, un humano puede gestionar sin restricciones de atención o memoria entre 5 y 10 elementos. Una vez superada esa cifra, puede que haya que considerar la creación de otro nivel.∙El número de niveles dependerá de la complejidad y alcance del proyecto, pero en general, el desglose no debe superar los 6 niveles. Si el resultado fuera un número superior, probablemente haya que plantearse la creación de subproyectos.Un número excesivo de niveles dificulta el seguimiento y control del proyecto. Se estima que cada responsable debe programar en detalle no más de 2 ó 3 niveles. CodificaciónEs común que los elementos EDT sean numerados secuencialmente, con objeto deindicar su posición relativa dentro de la estructura jerárquica. Por ejemplo 1.3.2,identifica este elemento como un elemento EDT de nivel 3, ya que hay 3 númerosseparados por el punto decimal. Este sistema, aunque sencillo, presenta algunosinconvenientes:∙Dificulta las correcciones posteriores a la codificación inicial, por ejemplo para insertar un nodo entre dos existentes, porque obliga a renumerar toda la EDT.∙No es reutilizable en proyectos futuros similares.∙No permite integrar y consolidar datos a efectos de realizar estadísticas y comparaciones.Un sistema de codificación estándar facilita que los elementos de la EDT sean reconocidos en cualquier contexto y por cualquier individuo. Puede encontrar más información al respecto en la nota técnica "Clasificación normalizada de capítulos".El sistema de codificación también puede ser uno propio, pero debe ser utilizado conlos mismos criterios y objetivos que un estándar.Presto dispone de varios sistemas para codificar manual o automáticamente loselementos de una EDT, y pueden usarse por separado o de forma conjunta, a elegir porel usuario.Información que debe contener cada elemento EDTLa siguiente información se recoge en los "Conceptos" de Presto:∙El alcance.∙Las fechas de inicio y finalización.∙El presupuesto.∙El responsable.Otros criterios de diseñoEs importante que no haya solapamiento en la definición del alcance entre doselementos de una EDT. Esta ambigüedad podría desembocar en una inclusión detrabajos duplicados, confusión en los costes, o discrepancias en la responsabilidad y autoridad asignada a cada elemento.Si los nombres de los elementos EDT son ambiguos, la definición de un diccionario puede ayudar a aclarar la ambigüedad.。
PmodBT2 蓝牙接口模块说明书
1300 Henley Court Pullman, WA 99163 509.334.6306PmodBT2™ Reference ManualRevised November 18, 2019This manual applies to the PmodBT2 rev. AOverviewThe PmodBT2 is a powerful peripheral module employing the Roving Networks® RN-42 to create a fully integrated Bluetooth interface.1 Functional DescriptionThe PmodBT2 uses a standard 12-pin port and communicates via UART. There is a secondary SPI header on the board for updating the RN-42 firmware if needed.1.1 Jumper SettingsThe PmodBT2 has several modes available to the user via jumper settings. JP1 through JP4 provide various modes of operation as indicated in Table 1 below. Each jumper is active when shorted. JP1 restores the device to factor default settings after three transitions of the jumper setting (short-to-open or open-to-short). After the third transition, the device returns to factor default except for the Bluetooth name. The other three jumpers, JP2-JP4, only sample in the first 500 ms of operation to allow the pins that they tie to on the RN-42 module to serve a separate purpose later in the modules operation. JP2 enables pairing with a special device class defined by the user in software. This may be used so that the PmodBT2 operates as a substitute for an RS232 cable. JP3 enables auto connect to a stored address defined by the user. Finally, JP4 chooses whether to operate at the stored baudThe PmodBT2. • Bluetooth 2.1/2.0/1.2/1.0 compatible • Add wireless capability with this low power, Class 2 Bluetooth radio • Supports HID profile for making accessories such as pointing devices, etc. • Secure communications, 128-bit encryption • Supports Bluetooth data link to iPhone/iPad/iPod Touch • Six different modes • Small PCB size for flexible designs 1.5“ × 0.8” (3.8 cm × 2.0 cm) • 12-pin Pmod port with UART interfaceFeatures include:rate (115.2kbps default) or a baud rate of 9600 regardless of the software selected rate when shorted. For more detailed information on jumper settings and functionality, refer to the RN-42 user manual.Jumper DescriptionJP1 (PIO4) Factory DefaultJP2 (PIO3) Auto Discovery/PairingJP3 (PIO6) Auto ConnectJP4 (PIO7) Baud Rate Setting (9600)Table 1. Set jumper description.Figure 1. PmodBT2 block diagram.1.2 UART InterfaceBy default, the UART interface uses a baud rate of 115.2 kbps, 8 data bits, no parity, and a single stop bit. The startup baud rate may be customized to predefined rates or set to a specific user customized baud rate. Predefined baud rates range from 1200 to 921k.The reset pin (RST) on J1 is active low. If the RST pin is toggled, the device will undergo a hard reset. This hard reset performs similarly to a power cycling of the device. The second interface besides the standard UART signals is the STATUS pin also on J1The STATUS pin directly reflects the connection status of the device. STATUS is driven high by the device when connected and is driven low otherwise.For more information on the devices UART interface and RST and STATUS pins refer to the RN-42 user manual on the Roving Networks website.1.3 Command ModeIn order to enter the command mode, the PmodBT2 must receive "$$$" to which it will respond "CMD". When in command mode, the module will respond to a large number of commands allowing the user to customizing the module for specific applications. In order to exit command mode, send "---<cr>" (three minus signs in a row and where <cr> stands for the carriage return character) to which the device will respond "END". Remote configuration, or configuration over a Bluetooth connection, is possible through the command mode but has several restrictions. The configure time, which defaults to 60 sec, defines the time window in which the PmodBT2 may be configured remotely. Outside of this time, the PmodBT2 will not respond to any remote commands. It is important to note that any of the "set" commands available for the PmodBT2 must be followed by a power cycle to take effect in any design.Connector J1 – UART CommunicationsPin Signal Description1 RTS Ready to Send2 RX Receive3 TX Transmit4 CTS Clear to Send5 GND Power Supply Ground6 VCC Power Supply (3.3V)7 STATUS Connection Status8 ~RST Reset9 NC Not Connected10 NC Not Connected11 GND Power Supply Ground12 VCC Power Supply (3.3V)Connector J2 – SPI Connector (Firmware Update Only)1 MISO Master in/ Slave out2 MOSI Master out/ Slave in3 SCK Serial Clock4 ~CS Chip Select5 VCC Power Supply (3.3V)6 GND Power Supply GroundTable 2. Connector descriptions.The various modes of operation are accessed by using the "SM,<5,4,3,2,1,0>" command while in command mode. The PmodBT2 can be put into one of six available modes of operation. The modes in order, 0 to 5, are: slave, master, trigger master, auto-connect, auto-connect DTR, and auto-connect ANY. For more detailed information onthe different modes of operation, refer to the RN-42 user manual. For the full list of device commands, how to use remote configuration, and more detailed information on the different modes of operation, see the RN-42 data.。
RSTestStand Enterprise控制系统模拟软件教程说明书
COURSE AGENDADay 1• Getting Started withRSTestStand software • Creating a Project Model • Creating and Modifying Resources•Building Operator Consoles and Creating a Connection Diagram•Simulating and Validating a Project ModelDay 2• Creating Run-Time Scenarios • Creating, Animating, and Controlling Scenes •Creating and Running a Part Flow Model and Binding Actions to Resources • Building Logical Views •Troubleshooting and Tuning RSTestStand Enterprise Projects Using ProductivityToolsCOURSE NUMBER: RS-RSTS101-LDCourse PurposeThis course provides engineers and programmers with a working knowledge of the RSTestStand Enterprise control systems simulation software. Upon completion of this course, engineers and programmers will gain the skills to create, validate, troubleshoot, and tune RSTestStand Enterprise Projects using RSTestStand simulation software.This course also provides hands-on practices to reinforce the tasks involved in designing, testing, and implementing an effective simulation model of a machine and/or process. From creating and running project models and run-time scenarios to animating scenes and binding actions to resources, students will have the opportunity to fully understand the capabilities of RSTestStand Enterprise simulations and the benefits of this virtual modeling process with regard to start-up time, design flaw identification, problem resolution, and end-user training.Who Should AttendControls engineers and programmers who are responsible for designing, starting up, installing, and troubleshooting automation control systems and equipment should attend this course.SoftwareRSTestStand ™ Enterprise Project Development Course DescriptionGMST10-PP309C-EN-ECopyright ©2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA.PrerequisitesTo successfully complete this course, the following prerequisites are required:• Familiarity with Microsoft ® Windows ® user interface • Basic understanding of PLC ®processors or completion of the PLC-5®/SLC ™500 and RSLogix ™ Fundamentals course (CCP122)• Knowledge of basic VB scripting concepts• Familiarity with basic OPC and detailed understanding of RSLinx software is recommendedTechnology RequirementsAll technology is provided for student use in theclassroom by Rockwell Automation. It is not necessary for students to bring any technology with them when attending this course.Hands-On PracticeHands-on practice is necessary for building skills.Throughout this course, students will have the opportunity to practice the skills they learn through a variety of hands-on exercises. In specific, students will practice the following RSTestStand software tasks: • Configure basic components of an RSTestStand project• Analyze an application to develop a project model • Add and modify resources to a project• Build an operator console and check inputs and outputs to the simulated control system• Test the RSTestStand project for error conditions and system responses• Create unique run-time scenarios• Add 3-D images to scenes and animate an object • Develop a part flow model for feedback and part-in-place detection• Create data scopes, traces, test scripts, etc. to troubleshoot and tune RSTestStand projectsStudent MaterialsTo enhance and facilitate students’ learning experience, the following materials are provided to each student as part of the course package: •Student Manual, which contains the key concepts, definitions, and examples presented in the course and includes the hands-on exercises.Course LengthThis is a two-day course.Course NumberThe course number is RS-RSTS101-LD.To RegisterTo register for this or any other Rockwell Automation training course, contact your local authorized Allen-Bradley Distributor or your local Sales/Support office for a complete listing of courses, descriptions, prices, and schedules.You can also access course information via the Web at /trainingAll trademarks and registered trademarks are property of their respective companies.。
Bussmann
3-Pole, UL Type 1 DIN-Rail high SCCR surge protective devices2011/65/EUCatalog symbol:• BSPMA3_WYGR• BSPMA3_DLGRDescription:The Bussmann™ series three-pole DIN-Rail UL®Listed open Type 1 surge protective devicesfeature a high 200 kA SCCR. Replaceable arrestormodules are mechanically coded with the base toensure against installing an incorrect replacement.The unique module locking system fixes themodule to the base, and allows it to be easilyreplaced without tools by simply depressing therelease buttons.Standard local visual status indication:The module’s visual indicator shows the protectivestatus at a glance: green = good, red = replace.Remote contact signaling:The standard three-pole terminal remote Form Ccontact signaling relay has a floating changeovercontact for use as a break or make contact,according to circuit concept.Ratings:• System volts/types• 120/208 Vac 3-phase Wye• 277/480 Vac 3-phase Wye• 347/600 Vac 3-phase Wye• 240 Vac 3-phase Delta• 480 Vac 3-phase Delta• Short-circuit Current Rating (SCCR) 200 kA Agency information:• UL Listed open Type 1, ANSI/ UL 1449 4th Edition, Guide VZCA, VZCA7• CSA® Type 4-1 Component Assembly, C22.2 No. 269.1-14, Class 2157-27• RoHS compliantMounting• 35mm Din-RailWarranty• Five yearsDimensions — mm/bussmannseries3-Pole, UL T ype 1 DIN-Rail high SCCR surge protective devicesTechnical Data 10773Effective November 2018Eaton, and Bussmann are valuable trademarks of Eaton in the U.S. and other countries. Y ou are not permitted to use the Eaton trademarks without prior written consent of Eaton.CSA is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Group.NEC is a registered trademark of the National Fire Protection Association, Inc.UL is a registered trademark of the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.Eaton1000 Eaton Boulevard Cleveland, OH Bussmann Division 114 Old State Road Ellisville, MO 63021United States/bussmannseries© 2018 EatonAll Rights Reserved Printed in USAPublication No. 10773 — BU-MC18007November 2018Follow us on social media to get thelatest product and support information.The only controlled copy of this data sheet is the electronic read-only version located on the Eaton network drive. All other copies of this document are by definition uncontrolled. This bulletin is intended to clearly present comprehensive product data and provide technical information that will help the end user with design applications. Eaton reserves the right, without notice, to change design or construction of any products and to discontinue or limit distribution of any products. Eaton also reserves the right to change or update, without notice, any technical information contained in this bulletin. Once a product has been selected, it should be tested by the user in all possible applications.Typical installation/system application:GndL1L3L2GndL1L3L2System voltage/type 120/208 Vac 3-phase Wye 277/480 Vac 3-phase Wye 347/600 Vac 3-phase Wye 240 Vac 3-phase Delta 480 Vac 3-phase Delta Catalog number BSPMA3208WYGR BSPMA3480WYGR BSPMA3600WYGR BSPMA3240DLGR BSPMA3480DLGR Replacement modulecatalog number (qty.)BPMA180UL (3)BPMA385UL (3)BPMA510UL (3)BPMA275UL (3)BPMA550UL (3)SPD class acc. to ANSI/UL1449 4th Ed.Open-Type 1 SPDSPD class acc. to CSA -C22.2 No. 269.1-14Type 4-1 Component AssemblyNominal system voltage (U N )[L-G] / [L-L]120 Vac / 208 Vac 277 Vac / 480 Vac 347 Vac / 600 Vac 240 Vac / 240 Vac 480 Vac / 480 VacNominal power frequency 50 / 60 Hz Max. continuous operating voltage AC (MCOV) [L-G] / [L-L]180 Vac / 360 Vac 385 Vac / 770 Vac 510 Vac / 1020 Vac 275 Vac / 550 Vac 550 Vac / 1100 Vac Nominal discharge current(I n ) (8x20µs)20 kAMax. discharge current (I max )(8/20)50 kAVoltage Protection Rating(VPR) [L-G] / [L-L]600 V pk / 1200 V pk 1200 V pk / 2500 V pk 1500 V pk / 3000 V pk 800 V pk / 1500 V pk 1800 V pk / 3000 V pkShort Circuit Current Rating(SCCR)200 kAOperating temperaturerange (T U ) °F (°C)-31 to 185 (-35 to 85)Operating state / faultindicationGreen = good ; Red = replaceWire range (60/75°C Cu,solid/stranded)4-14 AWG (2.5-25 mm 2)Terminal torque 35-45 (4-5.1)Mounting 35 mm DIN-Rail per EN 60715Enclosure material Thermoplastic, UL 94 V0Protection IP20 (finger-safe)Capacity 3 module(s), DIN 43880Agency information UL Listed, Guide VZCA, VZCA7/CSA Component Acceptance Class 2157-27, RoHS Weight - oz (g)10.93 (310)12.24 (347)13.05 (370)11.46 (325)13.4 (380)Signaling type Floating (dry), Form C (SPDT)NEC Circuits NEC Class 2 circuits only Switching capacity AC (DC)250 V/5 A (250 V/0.1 A, 125 V/0.2 A, 75 V/0.5 A)Wire range (60/75°C Cu,solid/stranded)16-22 AWG (1.5-0.34mm 2)Terminal torque - lb-in (N•m)1.8 (0.2)。
小学上册第九次英语原题
小学上册英语原题英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I like to ______ pictures. (draw)2.What is the capital of Italy?A. VeniceB. RomeC. FlorenceD. MilanB3. A _______ (海星) has five arms.4.What do we call a story that is made up?A. FactB. FictionC. BiographyD. HistoryB5.I want to ________ (research) a topic.6. A light year is a measure of ______, not time.7.My brother is a _____ (学生) who enjoys biology.8.What is the name of the fairy tale character who had a magic mirror?A. CinderellaB. Snow WhiteC. RapunzelD. Belle9.What is the capital of Mongolia?A. UlaanbaatarB. ErdenetC. DarkhanD. Choibalsan10.I play soccer with my _______ (我和我的_______踢足球).11. A mixture is made of two or more ______ substances.12.My dad is a caring __________ (父亲).13.My mom is my caring _______ who always gives the best hugs.14.The chemical symbol for iodine is ______.15.The __________ is a famous area known for its hot springs.16.ts are _____ (多年生) and return each year. Some pla17.What do you call a large body of saltwater?A. LakeB. SeaC. OceanD. River18.What is the capital city of France?A. LondonB. ParisC. RomeD. BerlinB19.The ________ is very soft and fluffy.20.小狐狸) has bright, orange fur. The ___21.The process of making yogurt involves bacterial _______.22.My family bought me a _________ (遥控直升机) for my birthday, and it's very _________ (酷).23.The cake is ________ delicious.24.The __________ (历史的启迪) inspires creativity.25.What do we call the largest rainforest in the world?A. Congo RainforestB. Amazon RainforestC. TaigaD. Boreal ForestB26.The _____ (科学) project is interesting.27.World War I began in __________ (1914) and lasted until 1918.28.Which beverage is made from leaves?A. JuiceB. CoffeeC. TeaD. SodaC29.She is drawing a ___. (sun)30.The __________ (平原) is great for farming.31.Many birds migrate to find ______.32.听录音，选出你所听到的图片。
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• The project should be completed on schedule and on budget (meet time and cost constraints)
Distance away from Seattle Green building is perceived to be costly
High cost of green projects
Community surrounding house
Lack of data on green building (wealth) value
– What strengths and weaknesses the organization possesses in itself Example: Internationalisation strategy (capital raising)
16
Strategic Analysis
• Elements over which the project team has little/no control
– What opportunities and threats are posed by competitors, suppliers, customers, regulatory agencies, technologies
17
SWOT Analysis for the Built Green Home at Suncadia
Strengths Green building has a buzz
Seattle has a strong green building community support
Weaknesses Green building has not reached mainstream
Limited project resources community
•Meeting Agreements
•Cost, schedule, and specifications met
•Customer’ Success
•Needs met, deliverables used, customer satisfied
•Performing Organization’s Success
Opportunities Uniqueness of product
Threats Existing thinking on green building and its niche focus
Building schedule
Location
Strong community support
Growth in green building projects that demonstrate value
•Market share, new products, new technology
•Project Team’s Success
•Loyalty, development, satisfaction
7
Why Projects Fail
• Not enough resources are available for project completion. • Not enough time has been given to the project. • Project expectations are unclear. • Changes in the scope are not understood or agreed upon by all parties involved.
11
Project Activity
• To reduce congestion in this city between 8am and 9am Monday – Friday.
• Possible solutions? • Prioritising solutions?
12
Strategic planning is the starting point of project selection
Project Selection & Project Chartering
Topic 2 BUS 384 Chapter 2 (Chapter 4)
1
Context
2
Project Life Cycle Stages
3
Key points to learn
• Define project selection and its links and relationship to strategic planning. • Define a project charter and describe the main elements.
5
Defining Project Success and Failure
• Successful projects are completed without heroics.
• People who work on the project should learn new skills and/or refine existing skills. • Organizational learning should take place and be captured for future projects.
• Statistics from the Beijing Municipal Commission of Commerce show that the United States, Japan and West Europe are the major source of service orders from abroad, altogether accounting for close to 80 percent of the city's offshore market in 2011.
9
Project Selection Example
• Beijing is home to more than 400 companies involved in this buss ranging from IT and research to industrial design.
14
Strategic Objectives
• • • • • Means of achieving the vision and mission Objective setting occurs annually Describe short term and long term results Describe measures of achievement Effective objectives are SMART – Specific – Measurable – Achievable – Results-based – Time-specific
• Reap business-level benefits such as development of new products, increased market share, increased profitability, decreased cost, etc.
6
Project Success
Community (location)
Rumors
Need to provide numbers on green building value
Committed developer and builder
18
Identifying Potential Projects
• People from all levels and all functional areas should participate. (eg internationalisation strategy) • Identify twice as many potential projects as the organization has time and resources to perform. • Develop a brief description of all potential projects
• Explain the importance of project chartering and project selection.
4
Defining Project Success and Failure
• Project success is creating deliverables that include all of the agreed upon features
10
Project Selection
• The selection of projects is not random, or simply driven by an individual’s belief. • The starting point for project selection is alignment with the goals of the organisation. • ASK: How will this project help us to achieve our goals – better products, services, processes, profitability?