Chap3 From Morpheme to Phrase

5.Inflection (屈折变化) (p.61): The process in which an inflectional affix (indicating number, tense, etc.) is added to a word stem, e.g. when “-ing” is added to the verb “beat” to create continuous tense: beating.
e.g. ex-wife
diligently
suprasegmental realize
6.Major processes of word-formation (主
要构词法) (p.61): Derivation (派生法): A process of adding a derivational affix to a word, e.g. respectful. Compounding (合成法): A process of combining two or more words into one, classroom. Conversion (class shift) (词性转换法): A process of changing the part of speech of a word, e.g. a face → to face a danger.
7.Minor processes of word-formation (其他构词法)
(p.66): Clipping (abbreviation) and blending (截短法与 混成法): The process in which part(s) of a word is/are dropped is clipping, e.g. laboratory → lab; when this happens to two or more than two words and the remaining parts are put together to form a new word, it is called blending, e.g. boat + hotel → boatel. Acronymy (首字母法): A process of putting the beginning letters of words together as an independent word, e.g. US, NATO, etc. Back-formation (逆成法): A process of dropping the ending of a word which looks like an affix, e.g. editor → edit.
Illustration of word root, base and affix:

Affixes Affixes
Affixes Affixes
Base
Root (Base)
4.Word (词) (p.57): A morpheme or a combination of
morphemes that can be used freely in a language, e.g. “school”, “learned”, “micro-economics”, “throughout”, etc. Cf. “-ed”, “micro-” and “–s” are not words but bound morphemes.
(自由词位与粘着性词位) (p.53): A morpheme that can be used freely as a word is a free morpheme while one that can not and has to be combined with at least one other morpheme is a bound morpheme, e.g. “hat” and “the” are free morphemes while “pre-” and “-ed” are bound morphemes.
Group 3 (for adjectives and adverbs): -
Can you point out the meaning of each of the following groups of allomorphs and their
representative form? Group 1 (for verbs): -(e)d [-t/-d], -(e)d [-id], -a[æ ], other special forms, ø (no change) Meaning: past tense (some past participle) Representative form: {-ed} e.g. watched, repaired, moved, coated, loaded, ran, had, ate, did, cut, cost
ation, il-, phono-, ir-, -ion, -tion, phon-, -s, -es Grouping: im-, in-, il-, ir- {in-}: impossible, incomplete, illogical, irrational -ion, -tion, -ation, -sion {-tion}: action, attention, information, collision phon-, phono-, phonet- {phono-}: phoneme, phonology, phonetic -s, -es, -ce, -en, ee- {-s}: books, boxes, lice (louse虱子), oxen, feet
Group 2 (for verbs): -s [-s/-z], -es [-iz], Meaning:
3rd person singular (verb)
Representative form: {-s} e.g. jokes, sees, washes, catches
From Morpheme to Phrase
I. Review of last time’s major points
1. The IPA and sound transcription; 2. Classification of speech sounds;
3. The phoneme, allophone and
1.Morpheme and allomorph (词位/词素/
语素与词位变体) (p.52): The morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language which often has variants called allomorphs (changed forms, not the meaning), e.g. the negative morpheme {in-} consists of such allomorphs as im-, il-, ir-, etc.
V. Group discussion:
At least 2 questions from each person
Each group is to report the questions
and their respective question-raisers after discussion. Discussion topic: Your questions about Chapter 3
VI. Discussion of difficult issues
Morpheme and allomorph Can you quickly group the following
morphemes according to their meanings?
-sion, phonet-, -ee-, im-, -en, in, -ce, -
Cf.
The word-formation process of derivation (派 生) is not included as inflection, and the affixes used in this process are called “derivational affixes”.
III. Major content to study
1. Concept and classification of words; 2. Morpheme, allomorph and formation
of words; 3. Change of word meaning
IV. Explanation of key terms
Illustration of morpheme and allomorph:
If I am a morpheme,

My changed forms are allomorphs—they are still me!

2.Free morpheme and bound morpheme
Illustration of free and bound morphemes: We are all like free morphemes.

We are like bound morphemes.
(We can’t srd base and affix (词根, 词基与
distinctive features; 4. Phonological processes and rules; 5. Suprasegmentals