汽车英语 braking system

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车辆系统英语缩写技巧

车辆系统英语缩写车辆系统的英语缩写有很多，具体的缩写可能会因上下文、行业、国家等而有所不同。

以下是一些常见的车辆系统相关的英语缩写：ABS-Anti-lock Braking System（防抱死制动系统）ESP-Electronic Stability Program（电子稳定性控制系统）ECU-Engine Control Unit（发动机控制单元）GPS-Global Positioning System（全球定位系统）HUD-Head-Up Display（抬头显示）TPMS-Tire Pressure Monitoring System（胎压监测系统）CVT-Continuously Variable Transmission（无级变速器）OBD-On-Board Diagnostics（车载诊断系统）RPM-Revolutions Per Minute（每分钟转速）AWD-All-Wheel Drive（全轮驱动）AC-Air Conditioning（空调）DCS-Dynamic Stability Control（动态稳定性控制）TCS-Traction Control System（牵引力控制系统）EPS-Electric Power Steering（电动助力转向系统）ACC-Adaptive Cruise Control（自适应巡航控制）DSC-Dynamic Stability Control（动态稳定性控制）AEB-Autonomous Emergency Braking（自动紧急制动系统）LAN-Local Area Network（局域网，指车辆内部通信网络）HV AC-Heating,Ventilation,and Air Conditioning（暖通空调系统）EV-Electric Vehicle（电动车辆）。

汽车专业英语教案汽车基础知识部分 Chapter 5 Braking Systems

授课题目
Chapter 5 Braking Systems
授课类型
理论课
首次授பைடு நூலகம்时间
20XX年X月XX日
学时
2
教学目标
1.掌握制动系统的基本组成、类型、ABS系统主要零件的英文名称
2.提高翻译技巧，能较熟练翻译课文
重点与难点
重点1.掌握制动系统的基本组成、类型、ABS系统主要零件的英文名称；2.提高翻译技巧，能较熟练翻译课文
方法：教师读译+疑难分析
三、学习5.3 Brake Transmissions（25min）
学生试译Brake Transmissions部分
五、学生练习（5min）
朗读记忆课文中黑体字专业词汇
方法：教师读译+疑难分析
方法：教师领读
——————————（课间休息）——————————
六、学习5.4 Anti-lock braking systems（35min）
复习提问（5min）
提问：悬架与转向类型、结构特点
讲授新课
Chapter5 Braking Systems
一、学习5.1 Overview of Braking Systems（10min）
词汇由学生领读，教师辅助校正，全体同学跟读
课文由学生翻译，教师分析难点
二、学习5.2 Brakes
简略学习制动器的类型（5min）
难点：ABS控制原理
教学手段与方法
讲授
教学过程（包括授课思路、过程设计、讲解要点及各部分具体内容、时间分配等）
授课思路
从汽车速度控制的需要导入新课（制动系统）。从基本制动系统到ABS系统，掌握组成、功能、原理的相关英文专业术语；学习顺序从生词、词汇到课文，学生翻译与教师讲解相结合，加大学生的参与度，调动学生的积极性和主动性。

汽车专业英语 Braking System

II. Text Explanation
Practically most modern cars have disc brakes on both front wheels and rear wheels. 译文：现代汽车的前后轮几乎都采用盘式制动器。
II. Text Explanation
II. Text Explanation
When brake pedal is pushed by the driver, brake fluid is forced into the brake cylinder by the action at the master cylinder, and the two pistons are forced outward. 译文：当驾驶员踩下制动踏板时，制动液由于主缸的作用进入轮缸，推动两个活塞向外侧移动。
1.The most common type of disc brake on modem cars is the single-piston floating caliper. 2.Drum brakes are less expensive to manufacture, and they easily incorporate the emergency brake mechanism. 3.The function of the braking system is to make the moving vehicle stop in a shortest possible time.
II. Text Explanation
Fig.3-10 Disk Brake 1－brake slippers; 2－brake caliper block; 3－brake disk; 4—brake clamp guiding pin; 5—piston

汽车英语18-braking system

continued…
Caliper Self-Adjustment
continued…
Common Disc Brake Problems
• Pulsating pedal
– Commonly caused by warped rotors
• Spongy pedal
– Commonly caused by air in the system
continued…
Objectives
• Describe the two types of parking brake systems used with disc brakes.
• Describe the causes of common disc brake problems.
• Explain what precautions should be taken when servicing disc brake systems.
Objectives
• List the advantages of disc brakes. • List disc brake components and
describe their functions. • Explain the differences between the
three types of calipers commonly used on disc brakes.
• Grabbing brakes
– Commonly caused by contaminated brake linings
• Noise
– Commonly caused by improper pad installation

Lesson 13 Anti-lock braking system 防抱死制动系统

New words & expressions
Tasks before class
Reading & speaking
Tasks in class
3 Match the following words in Column I with their Chinese translation in Column II.
New words & expressions
Tasks before class
Reading & speaking
Tasks in class
They can 1__d_e_t_e_c_t___ the rotating speed of the 2__w__h_e_e_ls____.
The rotating wheels induce a 3__m__a_g_n_e_ti_c___ field where the Speed sensors 4_____f_lu_c_t_u_a_t_io_n_____ generates voltage. This voltage sends
New words & expressions
Tasks before class
Reading & speaking
Tasks in class
3.泵在阀门释放压力后，泵用于恢复制动器的压力。当控制器检测到车轮打滑时，它发送信号释放阀门。当阀门释放压力后，泵会把制动器压力恢复到适度的量。控制器调整泵的状态，以提供所需的压力量。 4.控制器防抱死制动系统的控制器由一个电子控制单元(ECU)组成，这个ECU处理所有的ABS信息。ECU从所有的车轮获取信息，然后控制或限制每个车轮的制动力。

汽车驾驶辅助系统英文缩写大全

汽车驾驶辅助系统英文缩写大全以下是一些常见的汽车驾驶辅助系统的英文缩写：
1. ABS - 防抱死制动系统（Anti-lock Braking System）
2. ESP - 电子稳定程序（Electronic Stability Program）
3. TCS - 牵引力控制系统（Traction Control System）
4. EBD - 电子制动力分配系统（Electronic Brakeforce Distribution）
5. AEB - 自动紧急制动系统（Automatic Emergency Braking System）
6. ACC - 自适应巡航控制系统（Adaptive Cruise Control）
7. LDW - 车道偏离警示系统（Lane Departure Warning）
8. FCW - 前方碰撞警示系统（Forward Collision Warning）
9. BSD - 盲点侦测系统（Blind Spot Detection）
10. RCTA - 后方交叉车辆警示系统（Rear Cross Traffic Alert）
11. LKA - 车道保持辅助系统（Lane Keep Assist）
这些缩写代表了现代汽车上广泛应用的各种驾驶辅助系统。

它们帮助驾驶员提高行车安全性和驾驶舒适性，有效减少交通事故的发生。

请注意，以上为常见缩写，具体的汽车型号可能会有不同的系统名称和缩写方式。

在研究特定汽车型号时，建议查阅相关文档或参考生产商提供的资料以获得准确的信息。

希望以上内容对您有所帮助！。

汽车英语_Braking System

The Professional Words of Braking System制动系braking system行车制动系统service braking system应急制动系统secondary (emergency )braking system驻车制动系统parking braking system辅助制动系统auxiliary braking system自动制动系统automatic braking system人力制动系统muscular energy braking system助力制动系统energy assisted braking system动力制动系统non-muscular energy braking system惯性制动系统inertial braking system重力制动系统gravity braking system单回路制动系统single-circuit braking system双回路制动系统dual -circuit braking system单管路制动系统single-line braking system双管路制动系统dual braking system多管路制动系统multi-line braking system伺服制动系统servo braking system液压制动系统hydraulic braking system电磁制动系统electromagnetic braking system机械制动系统mechanical braking system渐进制动gradual braking制动能源braking energy source制动力矩braking torque总制动力total braking force总制动距离total braking distance有效制动距离active braking distance制动力分配率braking force distribution rate制动效能因素（制动强度）braking efficiency factor 制动力braking force瞬时制动功率instantaneous braking power停车距离（制动距离）stopping distance制动反应时间reaction time有效制动时间active braking time驾驶员反应时间reaction time of driver总制动时间total braking time单轮控制individual wheel control多轮控制multi-wheel control控制频率control frequency制动器效能因素application force制动器输出力矩brake output torque制动器额定力矩brake rating torque制动蹄效能因素brake shoe efficiency factor制动蹄作用压力application pressure of brake shoe assembly 制动蹄释放压力release pressure of brake shoe（鼓或盘）的摩擦面积swept area踏板行程pedal travel踏板自由行程free pedal travel踏板最大行程maximum pedal travel有效踏板长度effective pedal length制动初速度initial speed of braking制动减速度braking deceleration瞬时制动减速度instantaneous braking deceleration平均制动减速度mean braking deceleration最大制动减速度maximum braking deceleration冷却液cooling liquid供能装置energy supplying device真空泵vacuum pump空压机air compressor调压阀pressure regulating valve单向阀single check valve(one-way valve; retaining valve)止回阀、单向阀check valve控制装置control device行车制动踏板装置service braking pedal device制动踏板braking pedal衬套bushing回位弹簧return spring操纵杆control lever制动杆brake lever推杆plunger气阀air valve平衡弹簧equalizing spring快泄阀quick release valve制动主缸brake master cylinder弹簧座spring seat活塞挡圈piston stopper主缸储液室master cylinder reservoir 进油阀inlet valve轮缸wheel cylinder伺服机构servo mechanism助力器booster真空助力器vacuum booster伺服阀servo valve控制膜片control diaphragm液压阀hydraulic valve管路pipe-line制动管路braking line应急制动管路secondary line制动软管总成brake hose assemblies制动软管braking hose液压软管hydraulic hose密封圈sealing ring压力环pressure ring摩擦式制动器friction brake鼓式制动器drum brake盘式制动器disc brake多片盘式制动器multiple disc brake挂车制动器trailer brake超速制动器overrun brake液压制动器hydraulic brake双领蹄式制动器two leading shoe brake双从蹄式制动器two trailing shoe brake双向双领蹄式制动器dual two leading shoe brake 双向双从蹄式制动器dual two trailing shoe brake 领从蹄式制动器leading trailing shoe brake带式制动器band brake钳盘式制动器caliper disc brake定钳盘式制动器disc brake with fixed caliper浮钳盘式制动器disc brake with floating caliper浮盘式制动器floating disc brake凸轮制动器cam brake楔式制动器wedge brake驻车制动器parking brake手制动器hand brake制动鼓brake drum制动鼓衬里brake drum liner制动蹄brake shoe制动蹄总成brake shoe assembly领蹄（紧蹄）primary shoe(leading shoe) 从蹄（松蹄）secondary shoe(trailing shoe) 制动凸轮轴brake camshaft制动蹄回位弹簧brake shoe return spring 支承销anchor pin支承块anchor plate制动带brake band制动盘brake disc制动钳brake caliper制动衬片brake lining减速器、缓冲器retarder传感器sensor/transducer控制器controller调节器modulator限压阀pressure limiting valve比例阀proportioning valve惯性防抱死装置inertia anti-lock device电子防抱死装置electronic anti-lock device 报警装置warning device真空报警开关vacuum warning switch低压报警开关low pressure warning switch 附加装置additional device调压阀pressure regulating valve安全阀relief valve(safety valve)液压继动阀hydraulic relay valve手制动阀hand brake valve制动灯开关braking light switch鉴定试验qualification test试验设备（台）test rig制动拖滞braking drag制动颤振brake chatter制动噪声brake noise制动跑偏braking deviation制动失效braking failure制动滑移braking skid后轮防抱死制动系统rear wheel antilock system两轮防抱死制动系统two-wheel antilock braking system整体（组合）式防抱死系统integrated/integral antilock system 附加（分置）式防抱死制动系统add on antilock system;nonintegral/independent antilock system 3通道式防抱死系统3-channel antilock system对角线分路式防抱死制动系统diagonal split antilock system前/后轮分路式防抱死制动系统front/real split antilock system 车轮制动器wheel brake。

汽车制动系统汽车车辆类外文翻译、中英文翻译、外文文献翻译

附录1外文翻译Automobile Brake SystemThe braking system is the most important system in cars. If the brakes fail, the result can be disastrous. Brakes are actually energy conversion devices, which convert the kinetic energy (momentum) of the vehicle into thermal energy (heat).When stepping on the brakes, the driver commands a stopping force ten times as powerful as the force that puts the car in motion. The braking system can exert thousands of pounds of pressure on each of the four brakes.Two complete independent braking systems are used on the car. They are the service brake and the parking brake.The service brake acts to slow, stop, or hold the vehicle during normal driving. They are foot-operated by the driver depressing and releasing the brake pedal. The primary purpose of the brake is to hold the vehicle stationary while it is unattended. The parking brake is mechanically operated by when a separate parking brake foot pedal or hand lever is set.The brake system is composed of the following basic components: the “master cylinder” which is located under the hood, and is directly connected to the brake pedal, converts driver foot’s mechanical pressure into hydraulic pressure. Steel “brake lines” and flexible “brake hoses”connect the master cylinder to the “slave cylinders” located at each wheel. Brake fluid, specially designed to work in extreme conditions, fills the system. “Shoes” and “pads” are pushed by the slave cylinders to contact the “drums” and “rotors” thus causing drag, which (hopefully) s lows the car.The typical brake system consists of disk brakes in front and either disk or drum brakes in the rear connected by a system of tubes and hoses that link the brake at each wheel to the master cylinder (Figure).Basically, all car brakes are friction brakes. When the driver applies the brake, the control device forces brake shoes, or pads, against the rotating brake drum or disks at wheel. Frictionbetween the shoes or pads and the drums or disks then slows or stops the wheel so that the car is braked.In most modern brake systems (see Figure 15.1), there is a fluid-filled cylinder, called master cylinder, which contains two separate sections, there is a piston in each section and both pistons are connected to a brake pedal in the driver’s compartment. When the brake is pushed down, brake fluid is sent from the master cylinder to the wheels. At the wheels, the fluid pushes shoes, or pads, against revolving drums or disks. The friction between the stationary shoes, or pads, and the revolving drums or disks slows and stops them. This slows or stops the revolving wheels, which, in turn, slow or stop the car.The brake fluid reservoir is on top of the master cylinder. Most cars today have a transparent r reservoir so that you can see the level without opening the cover. The brake fluid level will drop slightly as the brake pads wear. This is a normal condition and no cause for concern. If the level drops noticeably over a short period of time or goes down to about two thirds full, have your brakes checked as soon as possible. Keep the reservoir covered except for the amount of time you need to fill it and never leave a cam of brake fluid uncovered. Brake fluid must maintain a very high boiling point. Exposure to air will cause the fluid to absorb moisture which will lower that boiling point.The brake fluid travels from the master cylinder to the wheels through a series of steel tubes and reinforced rubber hoses. Rubber hoses are only used in places that require flexibility, such as at the front wheels, which move up and down as well as steer. The rest of the system uses non-corrosive seamless steel tubing with special fittings at all attachment points. If a steel line requires a repair, the best procedure is to replace the compete line. If this is not practical, a line can be repaired using special splice fittings that are made for brake system repair. You must never use copper tubing to repair a brake system. They are dangerous and illegal.Drum brakes, it consists of the brake drum, an expander, pull back springs, a stationary back plate, two shoes with friction linings, and anchor pins. The stationary back plate is secured to the flange of the axle housing or to the steering knuckle. The brake drum is mounted on the wheel hub. There is a clearance between the inner surface of the drum and the shoe lining. To apply brakes, the driver pushes pedal, the expander expands the shoes and presses them to the drum. Friction between the brake drum and the friction linings brakes the wheels and the vehicle stops. To release brakes, the driver release the pedal, the pull back spring retracts the shoes thus permitting free rotation of the wheels.Disk brakes, it has a metal disk instead of a drum. A flat shoe, or disk-brake pad, is located on each side of the disk. The shoes squeeze the rotating disk to stop the car. Fluid from the master cylinder forces the pistons to move in, toward the disk. This action pushes the friction pads tightly against the disk. The friction between the shoes and disk slows and stops it. This provides the braking action. Pistons are made of either plastic or metal. There are three general types of disk brakes. They are the floating-caliper type, the fixed-caliper type, and the sliding-caliper type. Floating-caliper and sliding-caliper disk brakes use a single piston. Fixed-caliper disk brakes have either two or four pistons.The brake system assemblies are actuated by mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic devices. The mechanical leverage is used in the parking brakes fitted in all automobile. When the brake pedal is depressed, the rod pushes the piston of brake master cylinder which presses the fluid. The fluid flows through the pipelines to the power brake unit and then to the wheel cylinder. The fluidpressure expands the cylinder pistons thus pressing the shoes to the drum or disk. If the pedal is released, the piston returns to the initial position, the pull back springs retract the shoes, the fluid is forced back to the master cylinder and braking ceases.The primary purpose of the parking brake is to hold the vehicle stationary while it is unattended. The parking brake is mechanically operated by the driver when a separate parking braking hand lever is set. The hand brake is normally used when the car has already stopped. A lever is pulled and the rear brakes are approached and locked in the “on” position. The car may now be left without fear of its rolling away. When the driver wants to move the car again, he must press a button before the lever can be released. The hand brake must also be able to stop the car in the event of the foot brake failing. For this reason, it is separate from the foot brake uses cable or rods instead of the hydraulic system.Anti-lock Brake SystemAnti-lock brake systems make braking safer and more convenient, Anti-lock brake systems modulate brake system hydraulic pressure to prevent the brakes from locking and the tires from skidding on slippery pavement or during a panic stop.Anti-lock brake systems have been used on aircraft for years, and some domestic car were offered with an early form of anti-lock braking in late 1990’s. Recently, several automakers have introduced more sophisticated anti-lock system. Investigations in Europe, where anti-lock braking systems have been available for a decade, have led one manufacture to state that the number of traffic accidents could be reduced by seven and a half percent if all cars had anti-lock brakes. So some sources predict that all cars will offer anti-lock brakes to improve the safety of the car.Anti-lock systems modulate brake application force several times per second to hold the tires at a controlled amount of slip; all systems accomplish this in basically the same way. One or more speed sensors generate alternating current signal whose frequency increases with the wheel rotational speed. An electronic control unit continuously monitors these signals and if the frequency of a signal drops too rapidly indicating that a wheel is about to lock, the control unit instructs a modulating device to reduce hydraulic pressure to the brake at the affected wheel. When sensor signals indicate the wheel is again rotating normally, the control unit allows increased hydraulic pressure to the brake. This release-apply cycle occurs several time per second to “pump” the br akes like a driver might but at a much faster rate.In addition to their basic operation, anti-lock systems have two other things in common. First, they do not operate until the brakes are applied with enough force to lock or nearly lock a wheel. At all other times, the system stands ready to function but does not interfere with normal braking. Second, if the anti-lock system fail in any way, the brakes continue to operate without anti-lock capability. A warning light on the instrument panel alerts the driver when a problem exists in the anti-lock system.The current Bosch component Anti-lock Braking System (ABSⅡ), is a second generation design wildly used by European automakers such as BWM, Mercedes-Benz and Porsche. ABSⅡsystem consists of : four wheel speed sensor, electronic control unit and modulator assembly.A speed sensor is fitted at each wheel sends signals about wheel rotation to control unit. Each speed sensor consists of a sensor unit and a gear wheel. The front sensor mounts to the steering knuckle and its gear wheel is pressed onto the stub axle that rotates with the wheel. The rear sensor mounts the rear suspension member and its gear wheel is pressed onto the axle. The sensor itself is a winding with a magnetic core. The core creates a magnetic field around thewinding, and as the teeth of the gear wheel move through this field, an alternating current is induced in the winding. The control unit monitors the rate o change in this frequency to determine impending brake lockup.The contr ol unit’s function can be divided into three parts: signal processing, logic and safety circuitry. The signal processing section is the converter that receives the alternating current signals form the speed sensors and converts them into digital form for the logic section. The logic section then analyzes the digitized signals to calculate any brake pressure changes needed. If impending lockup is sensed, the logic section sends commands to the modulator assembly.Modulator assemblyThe hydraulic modulator assembly regulates pressure to the wheel brakes when it receives commands from the control utuit. The modulator assembly can maintain or reduce pressure over the level it receives from the master cylinder, it also can never apply the brakes by itself. The modulator assembly consists of three high-speed electric solenoid valves, two fluid reservoirs and a turn delivery pump equipped with inlet and outlet check valves. The modulator electrical connector and controlling relays are concealed under a plastic cover of the assembly.Each front wheel is served by electric solenoid valve modulated independently by the control unit. The rear brakes are served by a single solenoid valve and modulated together using the select-low principle. During anti-braking system operation, the control unit cycles the solenoid valves to either hold or release pressure the brake lines. When pressure is released from the brake lines during anti-braking operation, it is routed to a fluid reservoir. There is one reservoir for the front brake circuit. The reservoirs are low-pressure accumulators that store fluid under slight spring pressure until the return delivery pump can return the fluid through the brake lines to the master cylinder.译文汽车制动系统制动系统是汽车中最重要的系统。

汽车行业专用名词术语

ABS:ABS （Anti-lock Braking System）防抱死制动系统，通过安装在车轮上的传感器发出车轮将被抱死的信号，控制器指令调节器降低该车轮制动缸的油压，减小制动力矩，经一定时间后，再恢复原有的油压，不断的这样循环（每秒可达5~10次），始终使车轮处于转动状态而又有最大的制动力矩。

没有安装ABS的汽车，在行驶中如果用力踩下制动踏板，车轮转速会急速降低，当制动力超过车轮与地面的摩擦力时，车轮就会被抱死，完全抱死的车轮会使轮胎与地面的摩擦力下降，如果前轮被抱死，驾驶员就无法控制车辆的行驶方向，如果后轮被抱死，就极容易出现侧滑现象。

ABS这种最初被应用于飞机上的技术，现在已经十分普及，在十万元以上级别的轿车上都可见到它的踪影，有些大客车上也装有ABS。

装有ABS的车辆在遇到积雪、冰冻或雨天等打滑路面时，可放心的操纵方向盘，进行制动。

它不仅有效的防止了事故的发生，还能减少对轮胎的摩损，但它并不能使汽车缩短制动距离，在某些情况下反而会有所增加。

提示：在遇到紧急情况时，制动踏板一定要踩到底，才能激活ABS系统，这时制动踏板会有一些抖动，有时还会有一些声音，但也不能松开，这表明ABS系统开始起作用了。

EBD:EBD的英文全称是Electronic Brake forceDistribution，即电子制动力分配装置。

汽车在制动时，因为四只轮胎所附着的地面条件不同，其与地面的摩擦力也不同，制动时就容易产生打滑、倾斜和侧翻等现象，为了有效的避免这种现象，电子制动力分配装置就应运而生，它的作用就是在汽车制动的瞬间，通过对四只轮胎附着的不同地面情况进行感应、计算，得出不同的磨擦力数值，使四只轮胎的制动装置根据不同的情况用不同的方式和力量制动，并在运动中不断高速调整，从而保证车辆的平稳、安全。

有人认为EBD比ABS先进，其实不然，它是ABS系统的有效补充，一般和ABS组合使用，可以提高ABS的功效。

当发生紧急制动时，EBD在ABS作用之前，可依据车身的重量和路面条件，自动以前轮为基准去比较后轮轮胎的滑动率，如发觉此差异程度必须被调整时,刹车油压系统将会调整传至后轮的油压，以得到更平衡且更接近理想化的刹车力分布。

汽车常见英语缩写解释(精心整理)

1.CVVT是英文Continue Variable Valve Timing的缩写，翻译成中文就是连续可变气门正时机构，它是近些年来被逐渐应用于现代轿车上的众多可变气门正时技术中的一种。

例如：宝马公司叫做 Venus，丰田叫做VVTI，本田叫做VTEC，但不管叫做什么，他们的目的都是给不同的发动机工作状况下匹配最佳的气门重叠角（气门正时），只不过所实现的方法是不同的。

本田的VTEV-I理论上比其他的要先进.兼顾了高低转速的需要,由于他是纯机械式的,没有象宝马和其他车厂是使用电子控制所以在世界上还是比较先进的了，现在目前最好的可变气门正时系统是宝马760的是无段式的.被公认为全球最先进的发动机。

2.TSI是 Turbo-charging，涡轮增压；Super-charging，机械增压和Injection，燃油直喷,三个关键特色的首字母缩写。

在涡轮增压（大家听很多了比较熟悉吧）基础上，机械增压填补了涡轮增压产生迟滞时的动力输出，燃油直喷技术令发动机对燃料的使用效率提高到新的高度。

在欧洲，搭载双增压发动机的高尔夫GTI1.4TSI在获得远超2.0L 自然吸气时发动机功率的同时获得了更低的燃油消耗，这真是一台有劲儿的机器，还很环保。

国内引进国产的TSI发动机确切说是FSI发动机和涡轮增压器的结合。

即涡轮增压（Turbocharger)+FSI.省略了机械增压和分层燃烧部分。

省略的部分也不是完全没有道理，除了高成本的价格门槛外，双增压会大副提高发动机的压缩比，相对应的使用的燃油的标准也大大提高，相对于燃油质量普遍一般的国内市场，有时候高科技的减配也是无奈而必须的。

3.DSG（Direct Shift Gearbox）中文表面意思为“直接换挡变速器”，DSG 有别于一般的半自动变速箱系统，它是基于手动变速箱而不是自动变速箱，因此，它也是AMT（机械式自动变速器）的一员。

配备了DSG的发动机由于快速的齿轮转换能够马上产生牵引力和更大的灵活性，加速时间比手动变速器更加迅捷。

汽车专业英语术语汇总(复习资料)

UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS Body:车身chassis:底盘stream-lined:流线wind resistance:风阻Frame:车架the power train:传动系统the drive train:驱动系a unitized body:承载式车身unibody:整体式汽车车身suspension system:悬架系统steering system:转向系统braking system(制动系统) suspension system:悬架系统shock absorber:减振器control arm:控制臂、导向机构steering gears:转向器steering wheel:转向盘idler arm:随动臂tie rods:横拉杆power steering:动力转向Power booster:助力器master cylinder:制动主缸Disc brake:盘式制动drum brake:鼓式制动Brake pedal:制动踏板brake system:制动系统stopping power:制动力Hydraulic brakes:液压制动brake pedal:制动踏板brake fluid:制动液brake lines:制动管路cylinders:轮缸brake shoes:制动蹄drum:制动鼓disc brake:盘式制动器pliers:老虎钳squeeze:挤进,握紧;夹紧rotating disc:旋转制动盘Drum brake:鼓式制动器gasoline-burning piston engine:活塞式汽油发动机Diesel-fuel burning engines:柴油发动机Fuel system:供给系统exhaust system:排气系统Cooling system:冷却系统lubrication system:润滑系统ignition system:点火系统electric spark:电火花air-fuel mixture:可燃混合气cylinder:汽缸ignition switch:点火开关current:电流storage battery:蓄电池ignition coil:点火线圈Distributor:分电器spark plug:火花塞compression ignition engines:压燃式发动机charging circuit:充电电路regulator:电压调节器alternator (or generator):发电机mechanical energy:机械能electrical energy:电能maximum voltage:最大电压fuel system:燃料供给系统fuel pump:燃油泵Filter:滤清器carburetor:化油器fuel injection system:燃油喷射系统combustible mixture:可燃混合气manifold:进气管exhaust system:排气系统carbon monoxide:一氧化碳hydrocarbons(碳氢化合物)oxides of nitrogen:氮氧化合物emission control system:排放控制系统cooling system:冷却系统combustion chamber:燃烧室coolant:冷却液Radiator:散热器water pump:水泵hollow:空的、空洞的block:汽缸体head:汽缸盖Defroster:(除冰(或霜)装置) Lubrication system润滑系统lubricant:润滑剂piston rings:活塞环cylinder walls:汽缸壁oil filter:机油滤清器Transmission:变速器wheel bearings:车轮轴承differential:差速器steering linkage:转向链接机构power train:传动系统transmission:变速器shift lever:变速杆clutch:离合器Transmission:变速器torque:转矩Differential:差速器drive /propeller shaft:传动轴universal joints:万向节axle movement:轴向运动flexible universal joints:活动万向节Differential:差速器UNIT 2 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEinternal combustion engine:内燃机liquefied petroleum gas(LPG):液化石油气Compressed natural gas(CNG):压缩天然气drive shaft:驱动轴rear-wheel-drive arrangement:后轮驱动布置形式front-wheel-drive arrangement:前轮驱动布置形式drive wheels:驱动轮mid-engine arrangement:发动机中置Pistons:活塞reciprocate:往复spark ignition engine:火花点燃式发动机compression ignition(CI) engine:压燃式发动机electric ignition system:电子点火系统spark plug:火花塞ignite:点燃cylinders:气缸combustion:燃烧compression-ignition engine:压燃式发动机diesel engine:柴油机Spray:喷入heavy-duty trucks:重型货车spark-ignition engine:火花点燃式发动机fuel system:燃料供给系统ignition system:点火系统lubricating system:润滑系统cooling system:冷却系统fuel system:燃料供给系统combustible mixture:可燃混合物air/fuel mixture:空气燃料混合气ignition system:点火系统spark plug:火花塞air/fuel mixture:可燃混合气lubricating oil:润滑油lubricating system:润滑系统oil pump:机油泵reservoir:贮存器; 油箱exhaust gas:排气cooling system:冷却系统exhaust system:排气系统emission-control system:排放控制系统starting system:启动系统Crank:转动曲柄starting motor:启动马达internal combustion engine:内燃机chemical energy:化学能heat energy:热能mechanical energy:机械能air/fuel ratio:空燃比Diesel engines:柴油机intake:进气connecting rod:连杆crankshaft:曲轴reciprocating movement/back and forth movement/up and down movement(往复运动) rotary motion/ turning motion:(旋转运动) crankshaft:曲轴Efficiency:效率potential energy:潜能mechanical energy:机械能overall efficiency:总效率compression ratio:压缩比air/fuel ratio:空燃比uppermost position/(TDC, top dead center:上止点lowest position/BDC, bottom dead center:下止点stroke:行程four stroke-cycle Gasoline Engine: intake stroke:进气行程compression stroke:压缩行程power stroke:作功行程exhaust stroke:排气行程revolution:转、圈connecting rod:连杆intake valve:进气门camshaft:凸轮轴pressure difference:压力差air/fuel mixture:空气/燃料混合气compression ratio:压缩比TDC:上止点exhaust valve:排气门exhaust gases:废气starter motor:启动马达ignition key:点火钥匙start position:启动位置Flywheel:飞轮UNIT 3 AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICATION SYSTEM (汽车润滑系统) 3.1 Lubrication Principles 润滑原理Friction:摩擦primary job:基本任务Residual oil:残留的机油Lubricant:滑润剂hydrodynamic:液力的oil adhesion:机油粘度sliding friction:滑动摩擦Pressure-Lubrication System压力润滑系统oil pan:油底壳block:汽缸体oil pump:油泵drain plug:放油螺塞oil-pan gasket:油底壳垫圈Passageway:油道oil filter:机油滤清器Crankcase:曲轴箱tube:管filter screen:滤网gear-type:齿轮泵rotor-type:转子泵full-flow filtering system:全流式滤清器pressure-relief valve:安全阀bypass valve:旁通阀camshaft(凸轮轴)main bearing:主轴承camshaft bearing:凸轮轴轴承Foam inhibitor:泡沫抑制剂UNIT 4 THE COOLING SYSTEM(冷却系统) exhaust system:排气系统cylinder wall:汽缸壁piston:活塞cylinder head:汽缸盖oil film:油膜fuel mileage:燃油经济性exhaust emissions:废气排放liquid cooling:水冷air cooling:风冷water jacket:水套thermostat:节温器water pump:水泵radiator:散热器radiator cap:散热器盖cooling fan:冷却风扇hoses:软管expansion tank:膨胀水箱overflow tank:溢流水箱4.1 Water Pump(水泵)centrifugal pump:离心泵centrifugal force:离心力4.2 Water Jacket(水套)hot spot:热点valve seat:气门座valve guide:气门导管cylinder wall:汽缸壁combustion chamber:燃烧室4.3 Radiator(散热器)heat exchanger:热交换器4.4 Pressure Cap(散热器盖)boiling point:沸点pressure release valve:减压阀, 安全阀overflow tube:溢流管overflow tank:溢流箱4.5 Thermostat(节温器)4.6 Fancooling fan:冷却风扇constant temperature:常温thermostatic switch:温控开关UNIT 5 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMFuel injection system:燃油喷射系统purely mechanical:纯机械的electronic fuel injection system:电子燃油喷射系统feedback control:反馈控制emission:排放solenoid valve:电磁阀injector:喷油器best power:最佳动力性best emission:最佳排放性best economy:最佳经济性rich condition:浓(混合气)工况lean condition:稀(混合气)工况5.3 Fuel System(燃油系统)fuel rail:油轨regulator:压力调节器return line:回油管fuel manifold:燃油歧管intake manifold:进气歧管5.4 Air Metering and Measurement 空气计量butterfly valve:传统碟形阀throttle body assembly:节气门体总成Mass Airflow:质量流量Speed Density:速度密度spring loaded flap:翼片potentiometer:电位计heated wire:加热电阻丝voltage signal:电压信号5.5 Most EFI systems measure the same basic 6 input 大多数EFI系统检测6个基本输入(信号)RPM(转速)ignition coil:点火线圈magnetic sensor:磁脉冲传感器Hall effect sensor:霍尔效应传感器Manifold Pressure (进气歧管压力)Throttle Position (节气门位置)Water Temperatureinjector pulse width:喷油器脉冲宽度Air Temperature5.6 Oxygen Sensor(氧传感器)closed loop systems:闭环系统oxygen content:氧含量air/fuel ratio:空燃比open loop mode:开环模式UNIT 6 EXHAUST SYSTEMexhaust system:排气系统Exhaust gas:废气combustion chamber:燃烧室muffler:消声器catalytic converter:催化转换器6.2 The Muffler(消声器)backpressure:背压exhaust valve:排气门6.3 The Exhaust Manifold and Headerexhaust manifold:排气歧管cylinder head:气缸盖intake manifold:进气歧管UNIT 7 THE IGNITION SYSTEM(点火系统) breaker point type ignition system:触点型点火系统electronic ignition system:电子点火系统distributorless ignition system: 无分电器点火系统)timing of the spark plug firing: 火花塞点火次序spark plug gap:火花塞间隙7.1 Point-Type Ignition System (触点型点火系统)electrical circuit:电路primary circuit:初级回路secondary circuit:次级回路breaker point:触点ignition switch:点火开关secondary winding:次级线圈high-tension lead:高压导线distributor:分电器coil:点火线圈distributor cap:分电器盖distributor rotor:分火头controlling element:控制元件primary current:初级电流Distributor:配电器7.2 Electronic Ignition Systems(电子点火系统)electronic control module:电子控制模块7.3 Distributorless Ignition Systems (DIS) (无分电器点火系统)spark timing:点火正时Ignition Control Unit (ICU):点火控制单元Engine Control Unit (ECU):发动机控制单元firing order:点火顺序Top Dead Center (TDC):上止点UNIT 8 CLUTCHdrive line/drive train:传动系统Clutch:离合器transmission:变速器drive shaft:传动轴final drive assembly:主减速器总成clutch disc:离合器片pressure plate:压盘pressure plate cover:离合器盖friction mechanism:摩擦机构engine torque:发动机扭矩gear ratio:传动比clutch pedal:离合器踏板driven member:从动件transmission input shaft:变速器输入轴driving members:主动件crankshaft:曲轴torsional shock:扭转振动starter motor:启动马达splined hub:花键毂spline:花键diaphragm spring:膜片弹簧centrifugal force:离心力release bearing:分离轴承disengagement mechanism:分离机构hydraulic system:液压系统hydraulic mechanism:液压机构clutch master cylinder:离合器主缸hydraulic fluid:制动液clutch release cylinder:离合器分离缸UNIT 9 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION(自动变速器)fluid coupling(液力偶合器)torque converter(变矩器rear wheel drive(后轮驱动)front wheel drive(前轮驱动).drive shaft(驱动轴)final drive(主减速器)rear axle(后轴)rear wheels(后轮)transaxle(驱动桥)Front axles(前桥)planetary gear sets(行星齿轮组) 9.1hydraulic system(液力系统)9.2Planetary gear sets(行星齿轮组)sun gear(太阳轮)ring gear(齿圈)planet gears(行星轮)constant mesh(常啮合common carrier(行星架)input shaft(输入轴)output shaft(输出轴)9.2 Clutch pack(离合器组)clutch drum(离合器鼓)friction material(摩擦材料)9.3 One-Way Clutch(单向离合器)"sprag" clutch(超越离合器)neutral(空挡)9.4 Bands(制动带)9.5 Torque Converter(液力变矩器)(见阅读材料)Torque Converter(液力变矩器)manual transmission:自动变速器automatic transmission:自动变速器brake pedal:制动踏板gas pedal:加速踏板1. Pump(泵轮).2. Turbine(涡轮).3. Stator(导轮).4. Transmission fluid(传动液). Freewheel:自由轮lockup clutch:锁止离合器UNIT 10 THE DIFFERENTIAL(差速器) unlimited-slip, differential:不防滑差速器10.1 The Main Gears(主减速器)bevel gear:锥齿轮axle shaft:半轴final drive assembly:主减速器总成gear reduction:减速drive wheel:驱动轮drive shaft:传动轴spiral bevel gear:螺旋锥齿轮center line(centerline):中心线10.2 The Differential System(差速系统) axle shaft:半轴side gear:半轴齿轮UNIT 11 BRAKE SYSTEM(制动系统) kinetic energy:惯性能量momentum:动量thermal energy (heat):热能master cylinder:主缸brake pedal:制动踏板mechanical pressure:机械压力hydraulic pressure:液体压力brake line:制动管brake hose:制动软管slave cylinder:轮缸Brake fluid:制动液Shoe:制动蹄pad:制动块drums:制动鼓rotor:制动盘disk brake:盘式制动器drum brakes:鼓式制动器caliper:制动嵌brake shoe:制动蹄friction lining:摩擦衬片friction surface:摩擦表面emergency brake:紧急制动Power brake booster:动力制动助力器master cylinder:制动主缸brake pedal:制动踏板hydraulic actuator:液压传动机构wheel speed sensor:车轮速度传感器UNIT 14 ABS AND TCS14.1 Braking System Fundamentals, master cylinder:主缸wheel cylinders:轮缸caliper pistons:制动钳活塞rolling energy:旋转能量14.2 Antilock Braking Systems(防抱死制动系统)retarding force:制动力percent slip滑移率braking effectiveness:制动效能wheel speed sensors (WSS):车轮速度传感器。

汽车专业英语9 Chapter 5 Braking System

Chapter 5 Braking Systems
5.1 Overview of Braking Systems
There are three kinds of braking systems: service brake system, parking brake system and additional retarder braking system. The service brake system is the main braking system used to slow down or even stop the car that’s running at a high speed and guarantee the safety of passengers. It is foot-operated by the driver depressing and releasing the brake pedal. A parking brake system can prevent the auto slipping away from its parking place, even if it is parked on a steep slope. It is also called the hand brake.
行车制动系统驻车制动系统缓速制动系统
brake pedal vacuum booster master cylinder brake line
制动踏板真空助力器主缸制动管路
Chapter 5 Braking Systems
5.1 Overview of Braking Systems
Байду номын сангаас
drum brake disc brake brake shoe brake drum wheel cylinder friction lining brake caliper Brake fluid check valve

汽车专业名词1

ABS（Anti-locked Braking System）中文译为“防抱死刹车系统”。

它是一种具有防滑、防锁死等优点的汽车安全控制系统。

ABS是常规刹车装置基础上的改进型技术，可分机械式和电子式两种。

它既有普通制动系统的制动功能，又能防止车轮锁死，使汽车在制动状态下仍能转向，保证汽车的制动方向稳定性，防止产生侧滑和跑偏，是目前汽车上最先进、制动效果最佳的制动装置。

普通制动系统在湿滑路面上制动，或在紧急制动的时候，车轮容易因制动力超过轮胎与地面的摩擦力而完全抱死。

EBD英文全称是Electric Brakeforce Distribution，中文直译就是“电子制动力分配”。

自动调节前、后轴的制动力分配比例，提高制动效能（在一定程度上可以缩短制动距离），并配合ABS提高制动稳定性。

汽车制动时，如果四只轮胎附着地面的条件不同，比如，左侧轮附着在湿滑路面，而右侧轮附着于干燥路面，四个轮子与地面的摩擦力不同，在制动时（四个轮子的制动力相同）就容易产生打滑、倾斜和侧翻等现象。

EBAElectronic Brake Assist ，译为电子控制制动辅助系统，是汽车紧急制动辅助系统的一种。

在正常情况下，大多数驾驶员开始制动时只施加很小的力，然后根据情况增加或调整对制动踏板施加的制动力。

如果必须突然施加大得多的制动力，或驾驶员反应过慢，这种方法会阻碍他们及时施加最大的制动力。

许多驾驶员也对需要施加比较大的制动力没有准备，或者他们反应得太晚。

造成制动距离过长，导致追尾等交通事故。

EBA通过驾驶员踩踏制动踏板的速率来理解它的制动行为，如果它察觉到制动踏板的制动压力恐慌性增加，EBA会在几毫秒内启动全部制动力，其速度要比大多数驾驶员移动脚的速度快得多。

EBA可显著缩短紧急制动距离并有助于防止在停停走走的交通中发生追尾事故。

EBA系统靠时基监控制动踏板的运动。

它一旦监测到踩踏制动踏板的速度陡增，而且驾驶员继续大力踩踏制动踏板，它就会释放出储存的180巴的液压施加最大的制动力。

汽车专业英语(幻灯片)chapter 4 braking system

6.wheel cylinder
7. drum brake
CHAPTER 4 Braking System and body construction
Review 2:
List the main parts of braking system.
1、Energy-supplying device
2、Control device 3、Transmission device 4、Brake
目前使用的制动器有两种类型：鼓式制动器和盘式制动器．从1976年开始，所有的汽车前轮都使用盘式制动器, 大部分汽车后轮使用的是鼓式制动器. 在盘式制动器和鼓式制动器中都使用液压系统. 液压系统把制动踏板与每个车轮的制动部件相连接.
SEA—Special English for Automobile
Review ４:
Types of the brake
Two types of brakes are used in modern cars: drum brakes and disc brakes. Since 1976, all cars have used disc brakes on the front wheels. Most cars use drum brakes on the rear wheels . In both drum and disc brakes, a hydraulic system applies the brakes. The hydraulic system connects the brake pedal to the brake parts at each wheel.
SEA—Special English for Automobile

汽车专业英语教案Unit 8Braking System

日期：年月日
汽车英语教案
课题： Unit 8: Braking System
目的要求：1．制动系统的结构组成； 2．制动系统的工作原理。
重点：制动系统的结构组成难点：制动系统的结构组成、结构部件的功用
复习提问要点： 1、词汇 2、翻译句子
教具：教材、教案、备课笔记、PPT 投影。教学手段：讲解为主，提问为辅。
作业布置：按照上课进度，布置课后习题 1、2、3、4 题
教学反映：
课后分析：
教学过程：
momentum
thermal
[mo'mɛntəm] ['θɝml]
pedal
hydraulic extreme sponginess
caliper friction
pad
spongy transparent reservoir
Translation Difficulties
1. The brake fluid travels from the master cylinder to the wheels through a series of steel tubes and reinforced rubber hoses. Rubber hoses are only used in places that require flexibility, such as at the front wheels, which move up and down as well as steer. 翻译：制动液通过一系列的钢管和增强的橡胶软管从主缸到车轮。橡胶软管仅使用在需要灵活的地方，比如要实施转向任务的前轮。
alternate panel flange retract drum modulate

汽车专业英语 (14)

Figure 14-3 shows a schematic of a basic TCS (traction control system) architecture.
Note that the TCS is designed to operate only in the engine-acceleration mode, and its function is suspended if the operator applies the brake.
UNIT 14 ABS AND TCS
Figure 14-4 shows such a combined system architecture, with its combined ABS / TCS ECU.
The objective of both ABS and TCS is for them to operate transparently to the consumer operator so as to provide enhanced vehicle tracking stability under both braking and acceleration under adverse road surface conditions.
UNIT 14 ABS AND TCS
A schematic of such a feedback system is shown in Figure 14-2, where the controller is an ECU, the controlled parameter is wheel cylinder pressure (via electrical solenoid valves), and the feedback elements are individual electronic wheel speed sensors (WSS) .