托福培训丨托福写作中不可小视的举例论证

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托福写作的论证方式

托福写作的论证方式

托福写作的论证方式托福写作的文体是argumentative essay (议论文),所以在写作时,时刻要记住一个完整的论证就是论点+论据。

那么我们在写议论文时,有哪些论证方式呢?一般而言,常见的有5种。

一起来学习一下!托福写作的论证方式1. 举例论证:定义:列举确凿、充分,有代表性的事例证明论点。

通过列举典型事例,具体有力地证明了中心论点,增强了说服力。

这些事例可以是发生在我们平常生活中的小事,也可以是名人轶事,新闻报道或者历史事件。

举例的惯用表达:1) For example / For instance, ...2) A (具体) aptly illustrates B (抽象) = A is an apt illustration of B = To illustrate = As an illustration3) A case in point is ....4) The story of... best demonstrates this point5) T o pick / take... as an example 托福真题:Competition between friends always has a negative effect on their friendship.举例论证示范:Nevertheless, competition between friends does not necessarily put a dent in the friendship. On the contrary, friendship can be consolidated as long as friends help one another over the course of competition. A case in point is my niece who had a contest with his intimate friend Lucas. They both agreed that whoever obtained the lower score in the final exam of math had to buy a great present for the winner. During the preparation for the exam, they often shared useful materials and compared notes about some complicated problems. In the end, my niece did not perform as well as his friend Lucas, however, he still kept his promise and bought a PSP for Lucas. When asked the question whether this competition did damage to their friendship. My niece disapproved such statement and maintained that thecontest provided a wonderful opportunity to strengthen their friendship. Hence healthy competition of this kind is wholesome for friendship, indeed.2. 反面论证定义:从某个论点的对立面入手,通过证明它的错误来体现该论点的正确。

英语考试作文-什么是托福写作中的“黑天鹅”事件-教你如何避免作文错误归纳

英语考试作文-什么是托福写作中的“黑天鹅”事件-教你如何避免作文错误归纳

英语考试作文什么是托福写作中的“黑天鹅”事件?教你如何避免作文错误归纳托福写作当中的常见逻辑的谬误——Hasty Generalization,即错误归纳。

定义:归纳推理,即induction,是最基础的三种逻辑推理方式之一。

归纳推理不仅仅被人类大量运用于积累生活经验中,在科学研究中也是不可或缺的一种获得新知识的方式。

以下是一个比较常见的归纳推理的样例:Every windstorm in this area comes from the north.I can see a big cloud of dust caused by the windstorm slowly moving towards me.So, a new windstorm is coming from the north.归纳推理的核心是利用大量preconditions(即前提)和conclusion 组成的combination的例子去学习规则。

在上面的例子中,由于在这片区域之前所有出现的windstorm都是来自于北方的。

即当precondition为新的windstorm 出现,之前所有的conclusion都是windstorm来自北方。

所以当我们看到一个新的windstorm形成的时候,我们会本能地认为它是来自北方的。

但因为我们很多时候很难穷尽所有可能出现的例子去学习一个最普遍的规则,而人类又是一种很懒的生物,不喜欢太复杂、无普适性的规则,所以归纳推理常常会出错。

一个经典的错误是这样的:All the swans we see are white.All swans are white.直到1697年一位荷兰探险者在澳大利亚发现了黑天鹅,人们才知道这个归纳推理大错特错。

在生活中还有很多错误的归纳推理,比如:我听到的偷井盖的例子都发生在河南。

所以,所有河南人都偷井盖。

又或者:我知道的法国人都喜欢出轨。

所以,所有法国人都喜欢出轨。

托福写作因果论证范文

托福写作因果论证范文

托福写作因果论证范文在托福写作中,有一种方法是因果论证法,这种方法在很多写作题目上都是非常有用的,那么今天就为大家带来托福写作因果论证范文,告诉大家怎样用因果论证法。

托福写作因果论证范文一、因果论证:原因论证:解释分论点句成立的原因,可以是一个现象,或者具体的客观事实。

结果论证:解释分论点会带来哪些影响,可以是正面影响,也可以是负面影响。

e.g. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Living in a big city is better than living in a small town.Thesis:住大城市比住小镇上好通常,分论点就是找中心论点的优点,那么中心论点是住在城里好,那分论点就是住在城里的具体好处。

分论点1:城市里有更多的就业机会。

原因论证:解释为什么城里会有更多的就业机会。

因为城市的经济普遍比乡下发达,公司更多,可以提供的就业岗位也就更多。

结果论证:解释城市里有更多的就业机会为什么是个好事。

可以是,更多的工作选择和更好的薪水,给家人更好的生活等。

分论点2:城里交通更方便原因论证:解释为什么城里会有更多的就业机会。

因为城市的经济普遍比乡下发达,公司更多,可以提供的就业岗位也就更多。

结果论证:解释城市里有更多的就业机会为什么是个好事。

可以是,更多的工作选择和更好的薪水,给家人更好的生活等。

分论点3:城里学校更好原因论证:解释为什么城里会有更多的就业机会。

因为城市的经济普遍比乡下发达,公司更多,可以提供的就业岗位也就更多。

结果论证:解释城市里有更多的就业机会为什么是个好事。

可以是,更多的工作选择和更好的薪水,给家人更好的生活等。

常用连接词:老师们在这里需要向学生们讲解清楚不同词性的连接词的不同用法,不然学生还是会混淆。

连词:…because/since/as… ,介词:Due to/ owing to/ because of /thanks to…副词:Consequently, As a consequence, thus , hence .............., therefore, as a result, interestingly,fortunately, unfortunately, surprisingly, unsurprisingly.动词词组:lead to ...result in ...give rise to ...contribute to ... so that..............目的状语连接词句式:The reason why … is that …… be related/linked to …… be associated/connected with …… contribute to/ give rise to …题目1:生态问题正在被恶化,因此,我们必须采取措施解决环境问题.范文1:The ecological problems are being aggravated; therefore, it is imperative that we take measures to combat the pollution of the environment.题目2:政府应该提高公众的环保意识,以此来促进可持续发展并且创造一个更适合人类生存的环境.范文2:The government should raise the public awareness of environmental preservation, thereby promoting sustainable development and creating a more livable environment.题目3:Many people use distance-learning programs (study material post, TV, Internet, etc) to study at home, but some think that it cannot bring as benefits as attending college or university.To what extent to you agree or disagree with this opinion?解析:属于半支持半反对类型:主体段一:提出反对理由写distance learning 的好处(Benefits)主体段二:提出支持理由写distance learning 的坏处之一(Problem1)主体段三:提出支持理由写distance learning 的坏处之二(Problem2)范文3:(主体段二)【主题句】Despite the convenience and relatively low cost of distance learning, it would be wise for us to consider it downside.【支持1】One of the biggest problems is that it cannot create an e nvironment that is conducive to the students’ learning process, especially the much-needed interaction with their professors and classmates.【支持2】This may result in a terrible sense of disconnection and even social isolation among the learners.【支持3】In comparison, attending college or university is a more pleasant and exciting experience for young students as they can combine academic learning with a wide variety of social and extracurricular activities.尽管远程学习方便且成本较低,但明智的选择还是对我们来说是不利的。

托福写作现象证明题目思路讲解

托福写作现象证明题目思路讲解

托福写作现象证明题目思路讲解托福写作现象证明题目思路讲解现在为大家例举三个题目:1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: More and more students are choosing to study abroad after they graduate.2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Playing sports teaches people lessons about life.3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Advertisements make the products seem better than they really are.首先,希望大家明白一个知识点,“单一事实题”是为了区分“单一利弊题”存在的。

单一事实题的题目标志是不包括should等情态动词的陈述句,是关于现状的一种客观描述,没有主观倾向性。

比如,我们用第一个例题来进行单一事实题和单一利弊题的辨析:当我们被问及关于出国进修的议题,“Students should study abroad after they graduate.”更侧重的是我们主观的选择判断,如果你同意的话,个人行为也是偏向于这个选择的。

然而,“More and more students are c hoosing to studyabroad after they graduate. ”就偏向一种社会事实的判断,没有个人观点的掺杂,而是单纯询问“你是否觉得这个事情或者现象存在;但是这个事情跟你无关”进而,如果我们对于以上讲解中的事实题和利弊题的区分有所认识的话,我现在就要讲一下如何构思每个支持段的topic sentence(分论点) 其实我更愿意让大家自己去思考,如何给他人洗脑来证明一件事情是存在的,那么,我们就可以用同样的思路处理事实类型题。

托福独立写作常用例子

托福独立写作常用例子

托福独立写作常用例子一、教育类1. 比如在写关于“教育是否应该注重实践”的话题时,可以举例自己的朋友小明。

小明在学校里学了很多理论知识,什么物理公式啦,化学方程式之类的。

可是呢,当他去参加一个科技小制作比赛的时候,完全懵了。

他发现那些理论知识在实际操作的时候根本不是那么回事儿。

像他要做一个简单的太阳能风扇,知道原理是光能转化为电能再转化为机械能,可是在连接线路的时候,就因为没有实际操作过,不知道该怎么把电池、电机和太阳能板连接起来。

最后还是在一位有经验的老师指导下才完成的。

这个例子就说明教育中实践的重要性。

2. 再说说小红的故事。

小红在学校学习外语,她的语法学得特别好,每次考试语法部分都接近满分。

但是呢,当她遇到一个外国游客问路的时候,她却紧张得说不出话来。

因为她平时都是在书本上学习外语,没有真正和外国人交流过。

后来她参加了学校的外语角,和很多外国留学生交流,口语能力才慢慢提高。

这就表明教育不能只注重理论,实践也非常关键。

二、家庭类1. 有个家庭,爸爸妈妈都特别忙,很少有时间陪孩子。

孩子叫小刚,小刚慢慢变得很沉默寡言。

他的父母以为给他买很多玩具、提供很好的物质条件就够了。

可是小刚想要的只是爸爸妈妈能陪他一起看动画片,一起玩游戏。

有一次,小刚在学校的画画比赛中画了一幅全家福,画面里的爸爸妈妈都在对着他笑,他还在旁边写了“我希望爸爸妈妈能多陪我”。

这个例子就可以用在关于家庭陪伴对孩子成长的重要性之类的话题上。

2. 还有小强的家庭。

小强的家庭很注重家庭聚会,每个周末全家人都会一起做一顿丰盛的晚餐。

在这个过程中,小强学会了如何切菜、如何调味,更重要的是,他感受到了家庭的温暖和团结。

他从家人那里学到了很多生活小技巧,也变得很开朗乐观。

这个例子就可以用来阐述家庭氛围对孩子性格塑造的影响。

三、社会类1. 在我的社区里,有一段时间垃圾到处都是。

社区里的人都很烦恼,但是大家都没有行动起来。

后来有一个叫阿强的年轻人,他自己先开始主动打扫垃圾,还制作了一些宣传海报,贴在社区的公告栏上,倡导大家爱护环境。

托福写作修辞目的题——举例论证

托福写作修辞目的题——举例论证

托福写作修辞目的题——举例论证很多同学认为修辞目的题是一种很高深的题目,因为它的名字本身就给人一种高深的感觉。

其实修辞目的题是一种再简单不过的题目,无非就是问我们作者为什么写了某些内容。

联系一下我们的写作,其实你会发现,修辞目的题也就如此。

当我们在写作的事实,写作老师教给我们的中间段的常用写法会有哪些呢?比如说举例论证,比如说因果论证,比如说对比论证,或者是类比论证。

写作老师教给我们的这些写作手法其实就是修辞目的题中常见的修辞手段,这两者在本质上是一样的。

今天,我们就其中一种——举例论证来进行详细说明。

托福写作修辞目的题——举例论证我们举例子是为了什么?当然是为了论证论点。

当我们在写中间段的时候,不就是先给论点,然后通过例子来进行说明吗?那么当修辞目的题题目中问到的内容是例子的时候,即作者举了这个例子是为了什么,我们的目标非常明确,就是在文章中找到这个例子说明的那个论点。

根据西方典型的论证方式,先给论点,后进行论证,我们要找的答案就在这个例子的前一句或是前几句。

切记,作者一定会给出论点,千万不要通过例子帮作者去想这个例子为了说明什么。

那么首先我如何确定题目中的内容就是例子呢?常见的举例形式会有哪些呢?在这里,我把例子分成两种:明例和暗例。

何为明例?即出现了直接举例词,如for example,for instance等。

出现在这类词之后的内容毫无疑问一定就是例子。

那么这些例子论证的论点是什么呢?根据这些词的使用习惯,一般是直接出现在论点之后,那么我们就只要找到前一句话就可以了。

这是明例的情况,但在真题中出现的频率较低,出现频率更高的是暗例。

何为暗例?暗例就是出现了暗举例词或者完全没有举例词。

首先我们来看一下何为暗举例词。

我把暗举例词定义为在特定语境下可以充当举例词的词。

比如在TPO4的第一篇DEER POPULATIONS OF THE PUGET SOUND中,原文有这么两句话:No doubt the numbers of deer declined still further. Recall the fate of the Columbian white-tailed deer, now in a protected status. 在第二句中有个单词叫recall,它并不是完全意义上的举例词,但在这个语境中recall就充当了一个举例词,那么后面的内容就是一个例子,那么这个例子论证的论点就是它前面这句话。

托福独立写作主体段写法技巧——单一观点篇

托福独立写作主体段写法技巧——单一观点篇

托福独立写作主体段写法技巧——单一观点篇托福独立写作对于很多托福考生来说是取得高分难以逾越的一道鸿沟,这不仅需要大量的练习,还需掌握其中的诀窍。

今天,小编为各位考生带来托福独立写作主题段单观点的写法点拨,希望对各位考生有所帮助。

托福独立写作主体段写法技巧——单一观点篇通常对于独立写作我们都会选择五段式的结构,这个结构包括三个主体段,按照题型我们可以将写作类型分为三个:支持反对类(单观点)、对比比较类(双观点)、自主定义类。

首先我们要明确一下定义,单观点话题就是说题目只要求考生表明自己的态度,支持或反对,并且题目中没有任何要求拿来作比较的对象。

今天,闫玲娟老师跟各位考生分析一下有关单观点类题目的写作技巧,下面是一道典型的题目:Topic 2007.11.3People who do not work because they have enough money are rarely happy.这道题就是一道典型的单观点题目,“那些因为有足够的钱而不去工作的人,他们鲜少开心。

”针对单观点话题主体段的展开有两种方式,举例我们支持是A观点,先来看第一种写法。

1. A+A+A这种写法代表着我们需要用三个理由支持自己的选择。

Topic:It is desirable to know about events from all over the world even if it is unlikely to have any effect on your daily life.了解世界各地发生的事情是好的,纵使这些事不会对我们的日常生活产生任何影响。

1. To begin with, being aware of these cultural events means having more topics for communication.2. In addition, learning news about science is necessary for us to form correct world views in today’s fast-changing society.3. In the end, understanding political incidents serves as an excellent method to broaden our horizons.在这种写法里考生可举出了三个论点正向支持自己的态度,认为了解这些事情是必要的。

托福写作的“对比”论证方法

托福写作的“对比”论证方法

托福写作的“对比”论证方法在托福考试中想要取得理想成绩,需要平时多练习多积累,掌握一些必备的写作方法和技巧。

今天小编为大家整理的是托福写作可以用到的“对比”论证方法一文,希望可以帮助正在备考的托福小伙伴们,更多精彩内容尽在店铺!托福写作的“对比”论证方法1、有和无的对比在托福独立写作题目中,有些题目只是单纯地问某一事物(或做法)的好坏,比如:“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship.”对于这类题目,考生也可以运用对比手法来论证,此时要对比的就是“有”和“无”的差异。

就这道题目而言,考生可以对比“诚实”和“不诚实”有何差异。

又如,想要证明互联网的好处,考生可以先说明互联网带来的方便,然后对比说如果现在没有互联网,人们的生活中将会有许多不方便。

再比如,想要证明做某件事情带来的好处,考生可以先分析这件事的好处,再对比说明如果当时没有做这件事情将有什么后果。

考生需要注意,因为对比的内容并未发生,与是事实相反,因此需要使用虚拟语气。

2、一事物和另一事物的对比托福独立写作的某些题目会涉及一件事和另一件事的对比,或是一种做法和另一种做法的对比,或是一个物体和另一个物体的对比。

为了充分凸显自己选择的一方的好处,考生除了证明自己选择的一方如何好,还可以使用对比手法,证明另一方不好。

托福写作加分要素闪光的托福作文包含四个要素:1 完整性:句子结构完整,意义完整;2 连贯性:句子各部分之间以及句子之间的关系紧密、协调,前后意思连贯,思想表达清楚有序;3 简洁性:言简意赅;4 多样性:包括词汇多样性和句子多样性。

以上四要素中,前三个要素是前提和基础,比较容易做到;多样性是对前三个要素的升华,是作文闪光点的核心和关键所在。

托福写作常用例子汇总(英文版)

托福写作常用例子汇总(英文版)

托福写作常用例子汇总(英文版)在完成托福写作的过程中,大家也需要利用一些例子来辅助我们写作。

因此在平时的素材积累中,大家也需要掌握相关的内容。

下面小编为大家汇总了一些托福写作中常用的英文例子,供大家参考。

托福写作常用例子汇总(英文版)1. People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge) Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Career preparation:a) Courses designed to meet the market requirementb) Instructors are knowledgeable and have hands-on experiencec) Classmates and friends are invaluable resources for the future career2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Agree. Parents are the best teachers1) Parents know us most because of relations and time that we stay together2) The earliest education came from parents when we were little kids. We are more likely to accept the instructions from our parents.托福写作素材:成功的企业After working with dozens of small companies, I discovered that the successful ones share some common traits. Here, then, are the 14 qualities I've witnessed in many of the thriving smallbusinesses I've worked with:Company culture. Culture is defined as the "integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief and behavior that depends upon man's capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations." For successful companies, culture is about attracting and hiring the people who would be most successful in that specific organization. And it's about driving the behavior that makes the company successful.Customer service. Simply defined, customer service means taking care of your customers. Many companies integrate customer service into their business culture through training and the design (and frequent redesign) of relevant business processes. In most cases, the business plan dictates how they will provide quality customer service.Business strategy. A complex strategy or business plan isn't necessary to achieve success. A simple one-page document will do, but it should be well thought out and well executed. A poorly crafted business plan that's well executed is far superior to the well-crafted business plan that sits on the shelf collecting dust. A good business plan defines and drives the activities and behaviors of the entire organization. Without it, the business becomes a ship without a rudder; it simply can't be steered and ends up going around in circles. A sound strategy should include a financial plan, marketing differentiators, and product strategy as well as a plan for employee retention.Training. Because we live in a world of continuous change, it's more important than ever to implement a culture of continuous learning. For many successful owners, continual investment in training is a major contributor to success. For training to be successful, however, there must be a direct linkback to the business plan and an understanding of how training supports the successful implementation of the business strategy.重点表达摘抄:share some common traits :有共同点attracting and hiring the people who:吸引并雇佣_样的人taking care of your customers:伺候好顾客integrate s/th into:把_融入到_be well thought out and well executed:经过深思熟虑然后执行的poorly crafted business plan :没有被精细制作的商业计划is far superior to :前者比后者高级的well-crafted business plan :精细制作的商业计划sits on the shelf collecting dust:搁置起来 (比喻形同虚设的政策等)drives the activities and behaviors of the entire organization:驱动整个组织的活动和行为a ship without a rudder:没有舵的船product strategy :产品策略employee retention:员工保有率in a world of continuous change:在不停变换的世界里implement a culture of continuous learning:实施一个不断学习的文化is a major contributor to success:_是一个成功的重要因素重要句子:It simply can't be steered and ends up going around in circles.无法驾驶并原地打转。

托福独立写作技巧:举例篇

托福独立写作技巧:举例篇

托福独立写作技巧:举例篇托福独立写作技巧:举例篇托福独立写作中一个重要的写作手法便是“举例”。

考生对于如何恰当的距离并不熟悉,下面应届毕业生网店铺将为考生们介绍2类举例方法,希望对大家备考托福有所帮助。

举例(examplification)是托福独立写作的重要手法,甚至被列入官方评分标准中。

但许多考生对于如何恰当的举例并不熟悉。

一般而言,举例的具体操作方法分为以下两种:1. 粗例:粗犷的例子“粗例”即一类人、物或事,或一个公认事实的例子,也就是多数人都能认可的信息。

寻找这类例子的时候比较轻松,只要在观点中找出可以继续细化的重点信息然后narrow down就可以了。

观点1:Employers are willing to pay a premium for highly qualified applicants.粗例1:International companies desire bilingual employees and offer higher salaries to attract them.粗例可以建立“面”对“线”的关系,但需要注意不能太空洞,同时也要控制使用的量。

同时,粗例需要搭配因果分析、比较论证来使用,才能使整个段落更有血肉。

2. 细例:细致的`例子“细例”就是具体到一个人、一个物,或一件事,可以是实际存在的(包括家人、朋友、自己和身边发生的事,以及名人轶事),也可以无中生有。

这类例子使托福写作更加鲜活,更有说服力,通常也有更长的篇幅。

平时有意识地积累并灵活联系,写起这类例子来才会更加得心应手。

观点2:Mistakes serve as vivid, sometimes painful deterrents from certain action.细例2:A friend of mine suffering from smoking-induced lung disease would remember the emotional and physical pain associated with the side-effects of tobacco usage. Not only does he recall the smell of hospitals, the imprint of pain on the face of someone who died from smoking, but he would also link these memories immediately with cigarettes.观点3:You cannot judge a person only by his or her appearance.细例3:Susan Boyle is one of those. Such an appearance has long been rumored, but her incredible voice and stunning performance on BGT has won her great popularity.值得注意的是,细例在题材上可以看做是一小段记叙文,因此必须符合记叙文的基本要素要求,如提供时间、地点、人物等背景信息,写清楚事件发生的起因、经过、结果。

庞然大物可被看成微不足道的小东西的作文

庞然大物可被看成微不足道的小东西的作文

庞然大物可被看成微不足道的小东西的作文英文版Title: The Giant as a Tiny speckIn the vast universe of existence, what seems immense and overwhelming can often be perceived as a mere speck of insignificance. This paradoxical perspective highlights the relativity of size and importance, depending on the perspective from which we view it.Consider the elephant, a creature that towers over most animals, its庞大的身躯a testament to its strength and might. However, in comparison to the vastness of the African savanna, it becomes a mere dot on the horizon. Similarly, a mountain that stands tall and proud, appearing as a permanent fixture in the landscape, can be dwarfed by the vast expanse of the ocean that surrounds it.This concept extends beyond the natural world. Consider the mighty empire that once dominated the ancient world, with itsvast territories and powerful armies. In the annals of history, however, it may be remembered as just a fleeting moment, a blink of an eye in the timeline of civilization.This perspective reminds us of the humility we should carry with us. No matter how significant we may feel in our own small world, we are but a speck in the vast universe. It is this humility that encourages us to appreciate the grandeur of the universe and our small role in it.In conclusion, the giant can be seen as a tiny speck, a testament to the relativity of size and importance. This understanding encourages us to view life with a broader perspective, recognizing our small place in the universe and appreciating the grandeur that surrounds us.中文版标题:庞然大物可被看成微不足道的小东西在存在的广阔宇宙中,那些看似庞大而令人望而生畏的事物,往往可以被视为微不足道的小东西。

英文作文举例论证

英文作文举例论证

英文作文举例论证1. In my opinion, traveling is one of the best ways to broaden our horizons. When we visit a new place, we are exposed to different cultures, customs, and ways of life. For example, when I traveled to Japan, I was amazed bytheir attention to detail and their respect for traditions. This experience taught me to appreciate the beauty of diversity and to be more open-minded towards unfamiliar things.2. Another important aspect of life is education. Whether we are studying in a formal institution or learning through our own experiences, education helps us to grow and develop as individuals. For instance, I learned a lot about teamwork and leadership when I participated in a volunteer project in my community. Through this experience, I discovered my own strengths and weaknesses, and I gained valuable skills that I can apply in my future endeavors.3. Relationships are also a crucial part of our lives.We all need social connections and support from others to thrive and be happy. For example, I have a close friend who always listens to me when I need someone to talk to. She has helped me through some tough times and has encouraged me to pursue my dreams. Having such a positive influence in my life has made me a better person and has taught me the importance of being there for others.4. Health is another key element of a fulfilling life. Taking care of our physical and mental well-being is essential for our happiness and success. For instance, I started practicing yoga a few years ago, and it has had a profound impact on my life. Not only has it improved my flexibility and strength, but it has also helped me to manage stress and find inner peace. Making time for self-care and prioritizing our health is crucial for a happy and fulfilling life.5. Finally, I believe that pursuing our passions and interests is essential for a fulfilling life. Whether it's a hobby, a career, or a cause we care about, having something that we are passionate about gives us a sense ofpurpose and fulfillment. For example, I love writing and have always dreamed of becoming a published author. Pursuing this passion has brought me joy and fulfillment, even in the face of challenges and setbacks. Finding and pursuing our passions is an important part of living a happy and meaningful life.。

举例论证英文作文

举例论证英文作文

举例论证英文作文1. I remember one time when I was at a party and suddenly a group of people started breakdancing in the middle of the room. It was completely unexpected and caught everyone's attention. The dancers were so talented andtheir moves were incredible. The energy in the room was electric and everyone was cheering and clapping. It was a spontaneous moment that added so much excitement to the party.2. Last summer, I went on a road trip with my friends. We didn't have a set plan and just decided to go wherever the road took us. One day, we stumbled upon a hidden beach that was absolutely stunning. The sand was white and soft, and the water was crystal clear. We spent the entire day swimming, sunbathing, and playing beach volleyball. It was such a peaceful and relaxing day, and it made our road trip even more memorable.3. When I was in college, I took a class on photography.One of our assignments was to capture candid moments in everyday life. I decided to go to a local park and started taking pictures of people without them knowing. It was interesting to see how people behaved when they thought no one was watching. Some were lost in their own thoughts, others were playing with their pets, and a few were even dancing to their own music. It was a unique perspective on human behavior and it made me appreciate the beauty in the ordinary.4. One winter, my family and I went on a skiing trip. I had never skied before, so I was a bit nervous. As soon as I put on the skis and started going down the slope, I realized how exhilarating it was. The wind was rushing past me, the snow was sparkling, and I felt a sense of freedom and adventure. It was a thrilling experience and I couldn't help but laugh and scream as I glided down the mountain. Skiing became one of my favorite winter activities after that trip.5. A few years ago, I attended a music festival with my friends. We were standing in the crowd, waiting for ourfavorite band to come on stage. Suddenly, the lights dimmed and the band walked out to thunderous applause. The lead singer started singing and the whole crowd erupted in cheers. The atmosphere was electric and it felt like wewere all connected through the music. It was a magical moment that reminded me of the power of live performances and the joy of being surrounded by like-minded people.These examples demonstrate the diversity of experiences that can be used to support an argument in an English essay. Each paragraph presents a different scenario, showcasing various language features and providing a range of perspectives. The lack of explicit logical connections between the paragraphs adds a sense of spontaneity andkeeps the text engaging for the reader.。

托福独立写作论证方法之因果论证

托福独立写作论证方法之因果论证

托福独立写作论证方法之因果论证为了帮助大家备考托福,提高托福写作分数,下面小编给大家带来托福独立写作论证方法之因果论证,希望大家喜欢!托福独立写作论证方法之因果论证首先明确,在托福独立写作中怎样的论证称得上一个“好论证”呢?如果你的论证可以说服考官,那么这就是一个成功的论证。

如果考官读完你的论证,觉得言之无理甚至还想反驳,那就是一个比较失败的论证,你的写作分数也就只能拿到20分左右。

如果你的论证整体符合逻辑,仅仅有一些小的论证瑕疵,那么写作分数会拿到25分左右,也就是大部分同学的目标写作分数段。

这5期音频课,我会为大家讲解如何做好独立写作中的“论证”。

首先介绍独立写作中常用的论证方法:因果论证;对比论证;举例论证;数据论证;多事例论证。

今天先介绍第一种论证方法:因果论证。

因果论证的逻辑关系非常直白:因为……所以……。

但是很多同学都难以构建合理的因果逻辑链条。

比如这道题:Agree or disagree: Teachers should assign homework for students every day.如果你的topic sentence是“每天布置作业可以提高学生的学习成绩”,后面的论证就是要解释这句话成立的原因。

很多考生的的逻辑论证是:每天做作业有利于复习,因此考试可以取得高分。

这是一个中规中矩的论证,只能被评价为“说得通”,但是不会让考官赞同为“很有道理”。

那么怎样的因果逻辑才会得到考官的青睐呢?首先来讲一个最简单的逻辑论证套路:三段论。

这是逻辑学上最简单的一个逻辑判定过程,分为大前提、小前提以及结论三部分。

举个例子:大前提:胖子都爱吃肉;小前提:小明是个胖子;结论:小明爱吃肉。

这就是一个三段式逻辑论证链条。

这种逻辑方式成立的前提是:大前提和小前提都要在普遍认知里是基本正确的。

那我们来验证一下以上的这个论证逻辑。

大前提“胖子都爱吃肉”的论断不够有说服力;小前提“小明是个胖子”是一个合理的判断;最后得出的结论“小明爱吃肉”的说服力也就不足。

托福写作模板之立论与反论

托福写作模板之立论与反论

托福写作模板之立论与反论很对学生们在托福写作时,不知道如何提出立论与反论,下面环小编为大家带来经典托福写作模板立论型与驳论型,希望对大家的托福写作提高有帮助。

托福写作模板之立论与反论以立论为主(兼具驳论)型的templateIn the lecture, the professor points out/ states/ contends/ makes several points about /focuses on that听力中心思想, casting doubt on/ contradicting/ enhancing what are stated in / the main idea of the reading passage that阅读中心意思.To begin with, the speaker makes the point that听力第一分论点, which refutes/ supports the viewpoint showed in the article that阅读第一分论点. According to the speaker, 听力第一分论点的具体解释or 具体例子. This perspective differs from/is just the same as what is maintained in the articleMoreover, the author claims that阅读第二分论点whereas the speaker views this problem/ issue in a completely different angle/ which is the same view held by the speaker. In accordance with the speaker, 听力第二分论点+听力第二分论点的具体解释or 具体例子. This directly contradicts/strengthens what the passage indicatesFinally, the speaker challenges/ perfectly reinforces the wr iter’s contention by saying that听力第三分论点. On the contrary/ Similarly, the writer insists that阅读第三分论点. To convince the audience, the speaker elaborates his/her perspective with the evidence that听力第三分论点的具体解释or 具体例子. This is where the speaker disagrees/agrees with the writerTo sum up, the speaker illustrates his/herdisagreement/agreement with the theory/ general idea of the article by demonstrating the evidence mentioned above.以驳论为主的 template,听力几乎无建设性立论In the writing passage, the author points out that 阅读中心意思. On the contrary, the speaker casts serious doubt on the evidence supporting the writer's standpoint on this issue.To begin with, the speaker challenges the idea stated in the passage that 阅读第一分论点. According to the lecture, 听力第一分论点.Moreover, the writer 阅读第二分论点whereas the speaker views the evidence in a completely different angle. In accordance with the lecturer, 听力第二分论点. To convince the audience, the speaker elaborates his perspective with evidence that 听力第二分论点的具体解释or 具体例子.Finally, the speaker challenges the writer's contention again by saying听力第三分论点. From his speculation, 听力第三分论点的具体解释or 具体例子.To sum up, the speaker illustrates his disagreement with the opinion showed in the passage by demonstrating the evidence mentioned above.注:方框内句子可以自由加在任何一个段落,补充说明听力中分论点的解释或者例子综合写作模板(READING+LISTENING+WRITING)1. In the lecture, the professor made several points about.... The professor argues that..... However, the reading passage contends that...... The professor's lecture casts doubt on the reading by using a number of points that are contrary to....2. The first point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that.... According to the professor...... .....differs from the reading in that the reading states.....The point made by theprofessor casts doubt on the reading because....3. Another point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is....The professor claims that.....However, the reading states.....This point is contradicted by.....4. Finally, the professor stated that, on the contrary of reading ... In other words,.....This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates, because.....反驳的单词,differ from ,disagree with, cast doubt on, conflict with, challenge支持5. In the lecture, the professor made several points about...The lecture argues that.....The points made by the professor agree with .....In fact, the examples used by the professor support...6. Furthermore, the professor bolsters the reading by stating that.... The professor claims that.....This point agrees with the reading, which contends that.....7. Finally, the professor states that, in support of the reading ... Specifically, this perfectly reinforced what the reading passage indicates because…support的单词有:enhance, uphold, to back, justify, to substantiate, to advance反驳The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and ___________ by _________, challenging what are stated in the reading passage that _________, _________ and _______.First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. So, the lecture totally disagrees with the view made in the reading.Second, the speaker discusses ___________, Contradictingwhat is stated in the reading that _____________________.Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________. This point disagrees that ________________ demonstrated in the reading.So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading.详解托福高分作文中例证的使用方法在托福的写作过程中,阐明自己的论证是有着很多种的方法的,但是最为普遍的、也是最受考试青睐相信还是例证放。

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托福培训丨托福写作中不可小视的举例论证朗阁托福培训中心吴瑾说到论证方法,很多同学都能如数家珍,“因果论证”、“举例论证”、“对比论证”似乎是所有考生都能说道说道的三大基本论证,但所有考生真的都明白论证中的要点及陷阱吗?很明显答案是否定的。

拿举例论证来说,对于很多同学,举例论证都可以称之为那个最熟悉的陌生论证。

我们不妨先看一道题目,这是2010年9月24日北美的一道考题:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Colleges or universities should offer more courses to prepare students for the future before they start working.我们先从不同的角度来分析一下以上题目:首先从话题类别上说,上题属于教育类话题,并且是大学教育类的话题;从答题角度来说,这道题可以归属为利弊分析类的题目,需要我们讨论的是“大学提供更多courses”的利弊,题干中其他细节,即目的状语和时间状语,都告诉我们一些重要信息,通过这两个状语中的信息,我们可以判断出题目中所提及的“courses”并不是大学中普通的学术课程,而应该是跟学生接下来的职场生活相关联的课程。

破题至此,我们来看一下一位考生所写的一个主体段落(该考生立场为agree):First of all, by learning courses offered by universities or colleges before starting work, students can be more familiar with their future working environment, and therefore easily take up the tasks their bosses give them. (S1) For example, working with a computer is common nowadays. (S2) Many students even do not know how to use some common software set in computer, such as Microsoft Office and WPS. (S3) Of course, they have no choice but to be fired. (S4) (73 words)上文段落一共四句话,第一句话为本段的topic sentence, 并且在这一句中已经开始展开论证:“这些就业前的课程可以让学生更熟悉他们未来的工作,也因此能容易担当起老板所分配的任务。

”;接下来第二句、第三句和第四句由For example开头,看似组成了一个例子,目的自然是为了论证自己的论点,但上文中的例子真的有论证本段的观点吗?我们先来讨论一下例子的作用。

每当问到这个问题,很多学生都会给出“支持”这两个字的答案。

没错,例子确实是起到支持作用的,因此例子是一种重要论据,但是很多学生不知道的是,例子到底应该支持些什么。

我们不妨再来打个比方,看一下以下两个句子:1. 我喜欢吃零食,比如爆米花、巧克力、冰淇淋。

2. 吃零食让我快乐。

比如,每次吃巧克力,我就觉得所有的不开心都会烟消云散。

不难发现,上面两个句子中都用到了一个所有人都熟悉的词“比如”,大家都知道,这个字眼在写作中用于举例子,考生们最常用的即为“for example”和“such as”, 而且很明显,在上面的两个句子中,第一个“比如”对应的应该是英文中的“for example”或“such as”, 而第二句中的“比如”对应的是“for example”。

但是细想一下,这两个例子所起到的作用明显不太相同:第一句中的三个名词性的例子,为的是解释“零食”这个词的具体内容,而第二句中的例子,证明的是“零食怎么让我快乐”。

所以我们不难得出一个结论,即例子可以是一种细节展开,也可以是一个论证支持。

那么在我们的托福作文中,究竟应该用一种细节展开型的例子,还是应该用一种论证型的例子呢?答案当然是皆可,但是两者的作用不同,到底怎么用,自然是取决于作者自己了。

回归到我们刚刚的段落上来。

很明显在上文的段落中,作者对于例子的设置是为了支持一个观点。

我们抛开文中的例子来思考下,如果支持现在的观点,我们应该怎样举例子。

Topic Sentence: students can be more familiar with their future working environment, and therefore easily take up the tasks their bosses give them.其实这位考生在第一句就已经完成了一个基本的因果逻辑:课程→熟悉未来工作→很容易担当老板布置的任务。

接下来如果举例子来论证自己的思路正确的话,需要做的事情是将整个逻辑论述完整。

我们的例证思路可能是:“什么样的课程,或课程中的哪些环节会让人熟悉未来的工作,具体是哪些方面的工作,然后怎样担当起了老板布置的什么样的任务呢?”将疑问的地方补充完整,我们可能有如下的举例方法:Sample 1:For example, in the working preparation courses in our university, I, a so-called office lady now, learnt how to use basic office facilities, such as printers, photocopiers, fax machines and so on, which may be strange to a fresh graduate. Therefore, I have never been bothered with the trifles taking place in such aspects, which means I can adapt to the working environment faster and focus more on things assigned more important.我们再来回头对比看一下原文中的例子:For example, working with a computer is common nowadays.(S2)Many students even do not know how to use some common software set in computer, such as Microsoft Office and WPS.(S3) Of course, they have no choice but to be fired.(S4)这个例子中的第一句话交代了一个背景:使用电脑非常普遍。

第二句话说明一个现状:很多学生现在甚至不会使用微软的办公软件还有WPS。

第三句总结:所以他们理所当然的无路可走,只能被开除。

看完这个部分,我们对比着来思考几个问题:1. 这个例子跟题目中的courses有什么关系吗?2. 例子能起到证明立场的作用吗?3. 三句话中间有严谨的逻辑衔接关系吗?很明显,这个例子中对于题干的关键词只字未提,完全看不到courses的身影,不仅如此,这个例子中更没有提到对于working environment以及所谓的“tasks”; 另外,三句话中式思维非常明显,句子之间并没有清晰的逻辑关系,特别是第二句和第三句之间的逻辑衔接更显得有些霸王硬上弓,不会办公软件就一定要无路可走、只能被开除吗?如此一分析,可以看出,该考生虽然会用for example, 但所举的例子跟观点句基本可以说没有半毛钱关系。

我们将上文修改后的例子和中心句衔接在一起,并稍加改进,形成一个基本正确的主体段如下:First of all, by learning courses offered by universities or colleges before starting work, students can be more familiar with their future working environment, and therefore easily take up the tasks their bosses give them. For example, in the working preparation courses in our university, I, a so-called office lady now, learnt how to use basic office facilities, such as printers, photocopiers, fax machines and so on, which may be strange to a common graduate. Therefore, I have never been bothered with the trifles taking place in such aspects, which means I can adapt to the working environment faster and focus more on things assigned more important. It is obviously easy to imagine that thanks to the courses, students could have a better start when their identities change. (128 words)由此,我们总结出举例论证中的第一个常见错误:例子不能证明观点。

对应的提示即为,例子需要对整个观点起到呼应及支撑的作用。

我们再来看另外一道题目:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is important to know events from all over the world even if they are unlikely to have any effects on your daily life.这是一道很经典的老题了,曾经多次出现在北美及大陆的考题中(如070429, 141018等)。

我们首先依旧从不同的角度分析一下这道题:从题目类别上来说,这道题可以归属为个人生活类题目,并且题目并没有明确地限定“people”的具体内容;从答题角度来看,这道题可以归类为利弊分析型题目,无论是否同意,考生重点需要论述的是“通晓世界大事”的利与避;从题目内容中看,让步状语从句的存在让整个题干变得不是那么单纯,很明显对题干中的“events”进行一个加强:题目中的events不仅仅指普通的events, 更指那些可能对我们生活没有任何影响的事件。

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