SAT例子

挑战权威1.Martin Luther (1483-1546) stands in history as one of those unique forces, anindividual who by force of will and by his ideas changed the world fundamentally.For a millennium Roman Catholicism had dominated the religious life of Europe.During this long age the pope, or bishop of Rome, amassed far-reaching political and ecclesiastical authority. Centuries before Luther challenged papal authority, the office had already degenerated into one of power politics where spiritualarrogance and ignorance, and even open immorality characterized many of its occupants.In this age of darkness Luther taught that salvation is not earned by good deeds but received only as a free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority of the pope of the Roman Catholic Church by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge. In 1521, the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, demanded that Luther appear before the diet of the Holy Roman Empire at Worms. Luther was asked to explain his views and Charles ordered him to recant. Luther refused and he was placed under an imperial ban as an outlaw. He managed to escape, however, and he was hidden away in a castle in Wartburg where he continued to develop his new church. Luther‟s prolific pen, combined with the new printing technology, flooded the continent with Reformation ideas. By 1523, only two years after he stood before the Imperial Diet at Worms, a million copies of Luther‟s religious and political treaties were circulation throughout Germany.His translation of the Bible into the language of the people (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, causing a tremendous impact on the church and on German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the translation into English of the King James Bible.2.Edward Jenner was a country doctor who had studied nature and his naturalsurroundings since childhood. He had always been fascinated by the rural oldwives tale that milkmaids could not get smallpox. He believed that there was a connection between the fact that milkmaids only got a weak version of smallpox –the non-life threatening cowpox – but did not get smallpox itself. A milkmaid who caught cowpox got blisters on her hands and Jenner concluded that it must be the pus in the blisters that somehow protected the milkmaids.Jenner decided to try out a theory he had developed. A young boy called James Phipps would be his guinea pig. He took some pus from cowpox blisters found on the hand of a milkmaid called Sarah. She had milked a cow called Blossom and had developed the tell-tale blisters. Jenner …injected‟ some of the pus into James. Thisprocess he repeated over a number of days gradually increasing the amount of pus he put into the boy. He then deliberately injected Phipps with smallpox. James became ill but after a few days made a full recovery with no side effects. It seemed that Jenner had made a brilliant discovery.He then encountered the prejudices and conservatism of the medical world that dominated London. They could not accept that a country doctor had made such an important discovery and Jenner was publicly humiliated when he brought his findings to London. However, what he had discovered could not be denied and eventually his discovery had to be accepted – a discovery that was to change the world. In 1980, as a result of Jenner's discovery, the World Health Assembly officially declared "the world and its peoples" free from endemic smallpox.追求完美1.Wonderful as living in the current situation is, most of the time, it is essential topursue the perfection on the foundation. We can see through the success ofMcDonald‟s in management that the pursuit of high quality contributes to theprosperity of McDonald‟s.By seeking after the satisfying service and food, McDonald‟s has become theworld‟s largest chain of fast food restaurant, serving 47 million customers daily.First and foremost, in 1940, the business began with a little restaurant established by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California. At thebeginning, the brothers did not make much profit from the restaurant by virtue of the ordinary management and service. Later, they were determined to change the current situation and attain great achievements. Therefore, striving to achieve a superior goal, even if it might be unreachable right now, McDonald‟s disciplines itself by an extremely harsh principle, a principle called “QSCV”, whichrepresents quality, service, cleanliness and values. For example, the beef must be processed at least 40 steps before being sold and the milk must be reserved under4 centigrade for freshness. Likewise, the reservation of fries and hamburgersrequires a limited time of 7minutes and 10minuttes respectively. Besides the“QSCV” principle, McDonald‟s implements two main policies. Poli cy 1 is that the customer is always right and the other goes that read Policy 1 if the customer is ever wrong. As a result of the two policies, employees are able to providesatisfying service for customers. Consequently, the pursuit of perfection plays a crucial role in the success of McDonald‟s.2.Through the process of accomplishing the goal to satisfy the customers,Starbucks endeavors to be “a third place” besides home and work. Starbucksoriginated from a local coffee been roaster and retailer opened by Jerry Baldwin in Pike Place Market in Seattle, Washington and Starbucks began its expansion withthe speed of a new store every weekday after 1990s. Actually, it was theadventurous spirit that resulted in the high speed and quality and the spiritembodies in different aspects of Starbucks. For instance, its logo is twin-tailed siren and the siren means adventure. What‟s more, Starbucks takes severalspecific and innovative measures to ensure that the coffee aroma is not adulterated.First, Starbucks implements the non-smoking policy strictly. Also, it restricts its employees from wearing strong perfumes. In addition, employees are educated in coffee tasting, growing, roasting and purchasing. Were it not for Starbucks‟ high standard of coffee, it would not be the largest coffeehouse company I the world with 16120 stores in 149 countries.While it is often that we obtain benefits from the stability, we must have thecourage to long for the perfection to achieve high quality.3.Lexus: When you pursue perfection, you can‟t stop at what‟s possible.幸福乐观与自我选择1.Former philosopher, Leo Buscaglia, once stated, "What we call the secret ofhappiness is no more a secret than our willingness to choose life." Therefore, each of us makes a decision concerning our own happiness.Joni Tada A diving accident in 1967 left Tada hospitalized and paralyzed (as a quadriplegic; unable to use her hands or legs).[1] After two years of rehabilitation and in a wheelchair, Tada began working to help others in similar situations.Tada wrote of her experiences in her international best-selling autobiography, Joni, which has been distributed in many languages, and which was made into a featurefilm of the same name.Tada founded Joni and Friends (JAF) in 1979, an organization for Christian ministry in the disability community throughout the world. The organization grew into the establishment in 2006 of the Joni and Friends International Disability Center (IDC).Led by Tada and President and COO Doug Mazza, the Joni and Friends International Disability Center has four flagship programs. Joni and Friends, a daily five minute radio program, is heard over 1,000 broadcast outlets. In 2002 it received the “Radio Program of the Year” award from National Religious Broadcasters. The organization offers family retreats. Wheels for the World collects wheelchairs, which are refurbished by prison inmates and donated to developing nations where, whenever possible, physical therapists fit each chair to a needy disabled child or adult.In 2005, Tada was appointed to the Disability Advisory Committee of the U.S. State Department.During her two years of rehabilitation, Tada learned how to paint with a brush between her teeth, and now sells her artwork.2.Born September 30, 1928, Eliezer Wiesel led a life representative of many Jewishchildren. Growing up in a small village in Romania, his world revolved around family, religious study, community and God. Yet his family, community and his innocent faith were destroyed upon the deportation of his village in 1944.Wiesel survived Auschwitz, Buna, Buchenwald and Gleiwitz. After the liberation of the camps in April 1945, Wiesel spent a few years in a French orphanage and in 1948 began to study in Paris at the Sorbonne. He became involved in journalistic work with the French newspaper L'arche. He was acquainted with Nobel laureate Francois Mauriac, who eventually influenced Wiesel to break his vowed silence and write of his experience in the concentration camps, thus beginning a lifetime of service.Wiesel has since published over thirty books, earned the Nobel Peace Prize, been appointed to chair the President's Commission on the Holocaust, awarded the Congressional Gold Medal of Achievement and more. Due to a fateful car accident in New York in 1956, Wiesel spent a year confined to a wheelchair while recovering. It was during this year that he made the decision to become a U.S. citizen and is still today an active figure within our society, as well as fulfilling his role in Jewish politics around the world.For over four decades, Wiesel has continued to be a powerful advocate for human dignity-as a novelist, dramatist, journalist, religious scholar, and international activist. Seeeking to maintain global awareness of the Nazi atrocities, and to prevent similar crimes against humanity, he has spoken out against human rights abuses in Cambodia, the former Soviet Union, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and South Africa under Apartheid regime.环境保护1.Smog is a type of air pollution; the word "smog" is a portmanteau of smoke and fog. Modern smog is a type of air pollution derived from vehicular emission from internal combustion engines and industrial fumes that react in the atmosphere with sunlight to form secondary pollutants that also combine with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog. Smog is also caused by large amounts of coal burning in an area caused by a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide.Being in low basins surrounded by mountains, Los Angeles and the San Joaquin Valley are notorious for their smog. The millions of vehicles in these basins plus the added effects of the San Francisco Bay and Los Angeles/Long Beach port complexescontribute to further air pollution. While strict regulations by the multiple California government agencies overseeing this problem have reduced the number of Stage 1 smog alerts from several hundred annually to just a few, these geologically predisposed entrapment zones collect pollution levels from cars, trucks and fixed sources which still exceeds health standards and is a pressing issue for the more than 25 million people who live there.。