Constructing levels in arrangements and higher order Voronoi diagrams
电影《小马王》相关英文资料
English Through Animated Films Animated film：Spirit: Stallion of the CimarronBasic information:Directed by Kelly AsburyStudio DreamWorks AnimationDistributed by DreamWorks PicturesRelease date(s): May 24, 2002Running time 83 minutesCountry United StatesLanguage EnglishBudget $80 millionBox office $122,563,539Introduction:Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (or sometimes called Spirit) is a 2002 American animated Western film that was released by DreamWorks. It follows the adventures of a young Kiger mustang stallion living in the 19th century wild west. The film, written by John Fusco and directed by Kelly Asbury and Lorna Cook, was nominated for the Academy A ward for Best Animated Feature. In contrast to the way animals are portrayed in an anthropomorphic style in other animated features, Spirit and his fellow horses communicate with each other through sounds and body language. Spirit's thoughts are narrated by his voice actor Matt Damon, but otherwise he has no dialogue. This is the second film, after Chicken Run, and DreamWorks' only traditionally animated film with a G rating from the MPAA.PlotThe film starts with a brief introduction in the 19th century American West featuring a bald eagle gliding over the homeland of the mustangs, showing several western US National Parks. There is then a scene showing the birth of a Buckskin Kiger Mustang, Spirit (voiced in his narrations by Matt Damon). Spirit soon grows into a stallion, and assumes the role of leader of the herd, whose duty it is to keep the herd safe, demonstrated when he saves two foals from a mountain lion.Spirit is a courageous leader, but has a serious mischievous streak and great curiosity. Spotting a strange light one night not far from his herd, the stallion is unable to control his curiosity and moves towards it. To Spirit's surprise, he finds restrained, docile horses, and two-legs (possibly wranglers) sleeping around a campfire. They wake up, and seeing him as a magnificent specimen, chase and capture him, then drag him to a US cavalry post. During this time, the army is fighting the Indian Wars and taking over the soon-to-be western United States. Frightened and confused, all around him Spirit sees horses used as 'slaves', branded and putting up no resistance to being ridden.There he encounters, "The Colonel" (voiced by James Cromwell). The Colonel decides to tame the mustang, but Spirit manages to fight off the brander even when heavily restrained, and throws off all who attempt to ride him, impressing the other horses and reigniting their spirit. The Colonel orders him to be tied to the postfor three days with no food or water.During this time, a Lakota Native American named Little Creek (voiced by Daniel Studi) is also brought into the fort and held captive. Spirit is then broken in by the Colonel, who speaks of how any wild horse can be tamed. Spirit gets a second wind and throws the Colonel, and with Little Creek's help they, along with many army horses, escape the post. Little Creek's own mare, Rain, meets them along with other Indians who capture Spirit.After returning to the Lakota village, Little Creek tries to tame Spirit with kindness and while it is more successful than army methods, Spirit refuses to be ridden. Little Creek ties Spirit and Rain together, and when he tries to leave, she insists on staying, then shows him her world. Spirit begins to warm to the Lakota and falls in love with the mare. However his romantic affections for Rain do not soften his yearning to be free.At the end of their time together Little Creek tries again to ride Spirit, but while they are friends, Spirit is still unwilling to be ridden. Little Creek decides that Spirit will never be tamed and frees him. As Spirit asks Rain to come with him to his herd, a Cavalry Regiment led by the Colonel ransacks the Lakota village. Rain is shot by the Colonel, knocking her into the river while Spirit knocks the colonel off his horse, saving Little Creek's life. Spirit dives into the river to try to rescue Rain, but is unsuccessful and they both plummet over a waterfall. Spirit finds Rain dying from her injuries, and stays by her side until cavalry scouts tear him away and sell him to be used for the constructing railroad. Watching Spirit pulled away, Little Creek vows to free the mustang once and for all in accordance with his life-debt; and follows the men after tending to his own mare.Spirit and other stolen horses are loaded onto a train and taken to a work site on the Transcontinental Railroad where they are put to work pulling a steam locomotive. Not understanding, Spirit takes it as another challenge and is pulling towards freedom when he realises that if the track extends along its present course it will infringe on his homeland. Spirit feigns exhaustion, then breaks free from the sledge carrying the locomotive and breaks the chains holding the other horses to the sledge. They escape, and the locomotive falls off its sledge and down the steep hill where it collides with another locomotive at the railhead, causing a boiler explosion which starts the camp and woods on fire. Little Creek appears, saves Spirit from the wildfire, and takes him to safety.The next morning, the Colonel and his men find Spirit and Little Creek. A climactic chase scene ensues on winding rock passages that lead to the Grand Canyon where the two again outsmart the Army. Spirit also makes a "freedom" jump which amazes The Colonel. The Colonel stops one of his men from shooting the two and exchanges nods of respect with Spirit before they part.Spirit returns to the rebuilt Lakota village with Little Creek and finds Rain still alive, nursed back to health by the Lakota people. Little Creek decides to name the Kiger mustang "Spirit-Who-Could-Not-Be-Broken" and sets Spirit and Rain free. Eventually, the two horses joyfully meet up with Spirit's own herd, including his mother. V iewers then see the eagle as he flies up into clouds shaped like horses.ProductionSpirit: Stallion of the Cimarron was made over the course of four years using a conscious blend of traditional hand-drawn animation and computer animation in a technique the film's creators dubbed "tradigital animation." DreamWorks purchased a horse as the model for Spirit and brought the horse to the animation studio in Glendale, California for the animators to study. In the sound department, recordings of real horses were used for the sounds of the many horse characters' hoof beats as well as their vocalizations. None of the animal characters in the film speak English beyond occasional reflective narration from the protagonist mustang (voice of Matt Damon). Many of the animators who worked on Spirit also worked on Shrek 2, andtheir influence can be seen in the horses in that film, such as Prince Charming's horse from the opening sequence and Donkey's horse form.Writer John Fusco, best known for his work in the Western and Native American genres, was hired by DreamWorks to create an original screenplay based on an idea by Jeffrey Katzenberg. Fusco began by writing and submitting a novella to the studio, and then adapted his own work into screenplay format. He remained on the project as the main writer over the course of four years, working closely with Katzenberg, the directors, and artists.Makers of the film took a trip to the western United States to view scenic places that they could use as inspiration for locations in the film. The homeland of the mustangs and Lakotas is based on Glacier National Park, Y ellowstone National Park, Y osemite National Park, and the Grand Teton mountain range. The cavalry outpost appears to be located at Monument V alley. The canyon of the climax looks like Bryce Canyon and the Grand Canyon.MusicSee also: Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (soundtrack)The instrumental score was composed by Hans Zimmer with songs by Bryan Adams. The opening theme song for the film, "Here I Am" was written by Bryan Adams, Gretchen Peters, and Hans Zimmer. It was produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. Another song, not included in the film itself (although it can be heard in the ending credits), is "Don't Let Go", which is sung by Bryan Adams with Sarah McLachlan on harmonies and piano. It was written by Bryan Adams, Gavin Greenaway, Robert John "Mutt" Lange, and Gretchen Peters. Many of the songs and arrangements were set in the American West, with themes based on love, landscapes, brotherhood, struggles, and journeys. Garth Brooks was originally supposed to write and record songs for the film but the deal fell through.Critical reception and legacyThe film received mostly positive reviews. Based on 126 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron has an overall "fresh" approval rating of 69%, with a weighted average score of 6.4/10. Top critic, Roger Ebert, said in his review of the film, "Uncluttered by comic supporting characters and cute sidekicks, Spirit is more pure and direct than most of the stories we see in animation -- a fable I suspect younger viewers will strongly identify with." Leonard Maltin considered the film as "One of the most beautiful and exciting animated features ever made". Reel Source News called Spirit, "The Best Animated Story Since The Lion King". Clay Smith of Access Hollywood considered the film "An Instant Classic".Other information about the music动画片《小马王》插曲：I do it for you（我愿意为你）Bryan Adams（布莱恩·亚当斯）动画片《小马王》插曲：Can't stop this thing we started（阻止不了我们的事情）Bryan Adams（布莱恩·亚当斯）动画片《小马王》插曲：I will always return（finale）（永远报答）Bryan Adams（布莱恩·亚当斯）动画片《小马王》插曲：Nothing I've ever known（没什么不了解）Bryan Adams（布莱恩·亚当斯）动画片《小马王》插曲：The long road back（道路很长）动画片《小马王》插曲：Rain（下雨）动画片《小马王》插曲：Homeland（祖国）动画片《小马王》插曲：Run free（解脱）动画片《小马王》插曲：Sound the bugle（军号的声音）Bryan Adams（布莱恩·亚当斯）动画片《小马王》插曲：This is where I belong（我住哪里）Bryan Adams（布莱恩·亚当斯）动画片《小马王》插曲：Don't let go（不要离去）Bryan Adams（布莱恩·亚当斯）动画片《小马王》插曲：Brothers under the sun（阳光下的兄弟）Bryan Adams（布莱恩·亚当斯）动画片《小马王》插曲：Get off my back（从我后面逃脱）Bryan Adams（布莱恩·亚当斯）动画片《小马王》插曲：Y ou can't take me（你不能告诉我）Bryan Adams（布莱恩·亚当斯）动画片《小马王》插曲：I will always return（永远报答）Bryan Adams（布莱恩·亚当斯）动画片《小马王》插曲：Here I am（我在这）Bryan Adams（布莱恩·亚当斯)Here I am歌手：Bryan AdamsHere I am - this is meThere's no where else on Earth I'd rather beHere I am - it's just me and youAnd tonight we make our dreams come trueIt's a new world - it's a new startIt's alive with the beating of - young heartsIt's a new day - it 's a new planI've been waiting for youHere I amHere we are - we've just begunAnd after all this time - our time has comeY a here we are - still goin' strongRight here in the place where we belongIt's a new world - it's a new startIt's alive with the beating of - young heartsIt's a new day - it 's a new planI've been waiting for youHere I amHere I am - this is meThere's no where else on Earth I'd rather beHere I am - it's just me and youAnd tonight we make our dreams come trueIt's a new world - it's a new startIt's alive with the beating of - young heartsIt's a new day - it 's a new planI've been waiting for youIt's a new world - it's a new startIt's alive with the beating of - young heartsIt's a new day - it 's a new planI've been waiting for youHere I am - next to youAnd suddenly the world is all brand newHere I am - where I'm gonna stayNow there's nothin standin in our wayHere I am - this is meThis is where I belongI here the wind across the plain,A sound so strong-that calls my name,It's wild like the river-it's warm like the sun,Y a it's here-this is where I belong.Under the starry skies- where eagles have flown.This place is paradise-it's the place I call home,The moon on the mountains,The whisper through the trees,The waves on the water,Let nothing come between this and me.Cuz everything I want- is everything that's here,And when when we're all together-there's nothing to fear,And wherever I wander-the one thing I've learned,It's to here-I will always always returnyou can't take me 你带不走我Got to fight another fight - I gotta run another night 我必须再打一仗我必须再跑一夜Get it out - check it out 我会逃出去你们等着瞧I'm on my way and I don't feel right我现在只得跟着走但是我觉得很不对I gotta get me back - I can't be beat and that's a fact 我得救我自己回去事实上我是绝对不会败的It's OK - I'll find a way 没事儿的我一定可以逃走Y ou ain't gonna take me down no way 你绝对无法赢得了我Don't judge a thing until you know what's inside it 在没看清楚事情以前不要骤下结论Dont' push me - I'll fight it 别太过分我会反抗Never gonna give in - never gonna give it up no我绝不会让你一分也绝不会放弃If you can't catch a wave then your'e never gonna ride 如果你赶不上浪头就永远无法乘风破浪Y ou can't come uninvited 你不可以不请自来Never gonna give in - never gonna give up no 我绝不会让你一分也绝不会放弃Y ou can't take me I'm free 你带不走我因为我是自由之身Why did it all go wrong? - I wanna know what's going on 为什么突然一切都不对劲儿了And what's this holding me? 我要知道为什么I'm not where I supposed to be 我在一个我不该在的地方I gotta fight another fight 我必须再打一仗I gotta fight will all my might 我必须尽全力一拼I'm getting out , so check it out 我会逃出去你们等着瞧you're in my way 你们挡住了我的去路Y a,So you better watch out 你最好小心一点儿Don't judge a thing until you know what's inside it 在没看清楚事情以前不要骤下结论Dont' push me - I'll fight it 别太过分我会反抗Never gonna give in - never gonna give it up no我绝不会让你一分也绝不会放弃If you can't catch a wave then your'e never gonna ride 如果你赶不上浪头就永远无法乘风破浪Y ou can't come uninvited 你不可以不请自来Never gonna give in - never gonna give up no 我绝不会让你一分也绝不会放弃Y ou can't take me I'm free 你带不走我因为我是自由之身。
2023-2024学年全国初中九年级上英语人教版模拟考试试卷(含答案解析)
专业课原理概述部分20232024学年全国初中九年级上英语人教版模拟考试试卷(含答案解析)一、选择题（每题1分，共5分）1. Which of the following words is an adjective?A. runB. quicklyC. dogD. happy2. Choose the correct form of the verb "be" in the sentence: "They _______ at school now."A. amB. isC. areD. isn't3. What is the past tense of "do"?A. didB. doneC. doesD. doing4. Which sentence is in the present continuous tense?A. She reads a book every day.B. He is reading a book now.C. They will read a book tomorrow.D. I read a book yesterday.5. Which word means "not correct"?A. wrongB. rightC. trueD. false二、判断题（每题1分，共5分）6. "I am going to watch a movie" means the same as "Iwill watch a movie."( )7. "She has two brothers" means she has two brothers and no sisters.( )8. "They can't play football" means they are not allowed to play football.( )9. "He must be a teacher" is a sure statement.( )10. "Would you like some tea?" is a question about a preference.( )三、填空题（每题1分，共5分）11. The opposite of "expensive" is _______.12. "I _______ (go) to the park last weekend."13. If you want to say "I like apples very much," you can also say "I _______ apples."14. "I _______ (be) a doctor when I grow up."15. "Can I help you?" is a _______ question.四、简答题（每题2分，共10分）16. What is the difference between "I like" and "I would like"?17. Write the past tense of "eat."18. What is the present perfect tense used for?19. Give an example of a question word.20. How do you form the negative of "can" in a sentence?五、应用题（每题2分，共10分）21. Translate the following sentence into English: "她每天早上都喝牛奶。
英语四级词汇测验4
英语四级词汇测验41、When people _________ someone, they choose that person to represent them, by voting for them. [单选题] *A. electroB. electronicC. elect(正确答案)D. election2、A musical ____ is an object such as a piano, guitar, or flute, which you play in order to produce music. [单选题] *A. toolB. instrument(正确答案)C. apparatusD. machine3、___ is a situation in which two or more people or groups are trying to get something which not everyone can have. [单选题] *A. ComponentB. CompensationC. ComparisonD. Competition(正确答案)4、You use ____ to describe something that is very important. [单选题] *A. privateB. prematureC. primary(正确答案)D. primitive5、He doesn't have the ___to support a wife and child. [单选题] *A. mannersB. means(正确答案)C. measureD. medium6、She is proud that both her children have a ____ for music. [单选题] *A. talent(正确答案)B. inflationC. pitchD. gesture7、The player killed an enemy and ___ a new weapon. [单选题] *A. obeyedB. observedC. obtained(正确答案)D. obtruded8、A _____ person is eager to be more successful than other people. [单选题] *A. powerfulB. steadyC. sufficientD. competitive(正确答案)9、The _______ between two countries or regions is the dividing line between them. [单选题] *A. boarderB. border(正确答案)C. beardD. bother10、A _______ person or organization is able to control or influence people and events. [单选题] *A. powerful(正确答案)B. likewiseC. witherD. flourish11、These programs will _____ with your existing software. [单选题] *A. buildB. combineC. startD. integrate(正确答案)12、You use ____ to describe something such as an interest which two or more people share. [单选题] *A. mutual(正确答案)B. privateC. personalD. own13、Being back with their family should provide emotional ____ for the children. [单选题] *A. stableB. steadyC. stabbingD. stability(正确答案)14、If you are ____ of something, you notice it or realize that it is happening. [单选题] *A. conscious(正确答案)B. competitiveC. consistentD. mutual15、If you ___ a person or group at an official event, you go there on their behalf. [单选题] *A. representativeB. represent(正确答案)C. presentD. preside16、They face charges of committing crimes against __. [单选题] *A. humanity(正确答案)B. humanC. humanismD. humanist17、If you ____ the order of a set of things, you arrange them in the opposite order, so that the first thing comes last. [单选题] *A. reserveB. converseC. reverse(正确答案)D. conserve18、If someone _____something such as a prize or an examination mark, it is given to them. [单选题] *A. awardedB. awardsC. is awarded(正确答案)D. is awarding19、An ____ is a student at a university or college who is studying for a bachelor's or associate's degree. [单选题] *A. undergraduate(正确答案)B. economicC. instituteD. athlete20、An____ is a large important organization such as a university, church, or bank. [单选题] *A. instrumentB. institution(正确答案)C. integrateD. arrangement21、____ is the work involved in designing and constructing engines and machinery or structures such as roads and bridges. [单选题] *A. VentureB. ProjectC. Engineering(正确答案)D. Reflection22、Your____ are your physical and mental abilities. [单选题] *A. circuitsB. faculties(正确答案)C. expensesD. facilities23、When a student ___, they complete their studies successfully and leave their school or university. [单选题] *A. signifiesC. indulgesD. injects24、They expected him to ________ in the ceremony [单选题] *A. prepareB. holdC. participate(正确答案)D. scratch25、A country's ____ are the things that it has and can use to increase its wealth, such as coal, oil, or land. [单选题] *A. revelationsB. revolutionsC. resources(正确答案)D. resolutions26、A ____ is a change or development toward something new or different. [单选题] *A. trend(正确答案)B. signalC. ventureD. disorder27、A ____ of something is a part of it. [单选题] *A. receiptB. basisC. linkD. portion(正确答案)28、If you ____ a system, rule, or course of action, you start it. [单选题] *A. fundC. sustainD. cease29、Anything _＿is related to your DNA, the material you inherited from your biological parents. [单选题] *A. genetic(正确答案)B. economicC. consciousD. steady30、There is substantial ________ with neighbouring departments. [单选题] *A. colleagueB. collaboration(正确答案)C. collectionD. college31、Without consulting his _______, he flew from Los Angeles to Chicago. [单选题] *A. collegeB. collectionC. colleagueD. colleagues(正确答案)32、What recreational ____ are now available? [单选题] *A. talentsB. facilities(正确答案)C. equipmentsD. faculties33、Scientists do experiments in the _____ [单选题] *A. reflectionC. receptionD. border34、She telephoned Ellen, but made no ___ to see her. [单选题] *A. reflectionsB. additionsC. arrangements(正确答案)D. objections35、This result is ____ with the findings of Garnett & Tobin. [单选题] *A. consistent(正确答案)B. persistentC. resistantD. sufficient36、An electrical ___is a complete route which an electric current can flow around [单选题] *A. borderB. facilityC. signalD. circuit(正确答案)37、The study further strengthens the evidence ____ smoking with early death. [单选题] *A. obtainingB. linking(正确答案)C. reversingD. corresponding38、You use ______ to describe things that relate to or are used in industry. [单选题] *A. industriousB. industrializationC. industrial(正确答案)D. industrialized。
物流英语
TransportationWhat is transportationEvery firm requires the movement of goods from the point to another point. Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from a point of origin to a point of consumption. It can involve raw materials being brought into the production process or finished goods being shipped to the customer. Transportation is one of the most significant areas of logistics management. Railway, road, waterway, air, and pipeline transportation make up the major modes of transport in modern society. Each mode has its own requirements and features.The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, wharehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations) and seaports. Terminals may both be used for interchange of passengers and cargo, and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on these networks include vehicles of appropriate types such as automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, helocopters and aircraft. A vehicle is any non-living device that is used to move people and goods. Unlike the infrastructure, the vehicle moves along with the cargo and riders. Vehicles that do not operate on land, are usually called crafts. Unless being pulled by a cable or muscle-power, the vehicle must provide its own propulsion; this is most commonly done through a steam engine, combustion engine, electric motor, a jet engine or a rocket, though other means of propulsion also exist. Vehicles also need a system of converting the energy into movement; this is most commonly done through wheels, propellers and pressure.Vehicles are most commonly staffedby a driver. However, some systems, such as people movers and some rapid transits, are fully automated. For passenger transport, the vehicle must have a compartment for the passengers. Simple vehicles, such as automobiles, bicycles or simple aircraft, may have one of the passengers as a driver. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. For public transport and freight transport, operations are done through private enterprise or by governments. The infrastructure and vehicles may be owned and operated by the same company, or they may be operated by different entities. Traditionally, many countries have had a national airline and national railway. Since the 1980s, many of these have been privatized. International shipping remains a highly competitive industry with little regulation,but ports can be public owned.Transportation FacilityThe public sector plays an important role in transport, through the construction, ownership and control of roads, railroads and in most countries also ports. The importance of building up a transport infrastructure that involves considerable cost has made this a widely accepted public task. It should be noted in this context that transport is responsible for a substantial number of jobs in the national economies.The fixed components are usually expensive to build and replace and are long-lived traditionally, there have been few and slow technological changes in these elements. Ports are an exception, in the sense that the ways cargo is handled have changed dramatically over the last two decades, especially with the introduction of containers.The mobile elements involved in the production of transport: trucks,rail-wagons, barges, ships, etc, are relatively short-lived, especially as the wear and tear is considerable. In addition, technical development has historically been fast. This does not only relate to the cargo handling techniques, but also to the equipment itself.The mobile units are generally cheap. Ships may be viewed as an exception, but even the price of a ship is low compared to the price of constructing a port or a railway. Unlike the fixed elements, the mobile components of transport may find alternative employment if demand declines in one market. A ship may be moved from one trade or route to another, while a port cannot be moved.The use of mobile units in the transport sector reduces the possibility of benefit from economies of scale. Roads, rail-tracks and ports set limits to the size of the individual mobile unit, and consequently to the cargo shipped. Capacity could—after a certain point—only be expanded by adding more trucks, ships, etc.It is the features of the fixed and mobile components of transport that have influenced the present institutional arrangements in the industry. The high cost of provision, longevity and scale economies associated with the fixed components created tendencies towards monopoly control, while the ease of entry, flexibility and lack of scale effects tend to stimulate competition in the mobile sector. In principle, the structure of the mobile part of the supply side of the transport industry is characterized by many suppliers working on a basis of free competition. It is perhaps typical that the tendency to deviate from this dictum is found in the liner shipping sector of the industry, which is the least mobile, inter alia, because a regular shipping line depend on heavy investments in the infrastructure.Transportation ModesA mode of transport is a technological solution that used afundamentally different vehicle, infrastructure and operations. The transport of a person or cargo may be by one or more modes, the latter called intermodal transport. Each mode has its advantages and disadvantages, its own requirements and features，and will be chosen for a trip depended on the nature of the purpose, cargo and destination. While there transport in air and on water has their own mode, land transport has several modes.The five transportation modes are rail, road, water, air, and pipeline. The relative importance of each mode can be measured in terms of system mileage, traffic volume, revenue, and the nature of traffic composition. Each mode is discussed with respect to these measures.Railway TransportationThe capacity to efficiently transport large tonnage over long distance is the main reason railroads continue to handle significant inter-city tonnage and revenue. Rail offers cost-effective transport of large quantities of cargos over long distance. It is especially good for cargoes with high volume and low value, such as coal, timber and grain. Railroads operations incur high fixed costs because of expensive equipment, right-of-way, switching yards, and terminals. However, rail experiences relatively low variable operation costs. Over the past years rail usage has declined as road transport has taken over short haul business and water transport has taken bulk commodities freight. Rail transport is one of the most energy efficient modes of land transport. Environmental and safe consideration also favor rail over road transport.However, the major disadvantages of railway are the inherent inflexibility of operation, fixed time schedules and service from terminal to terminal.To provide improved service to major rail users, progressive railroads have concentrated on the development of specialized equipment, such as theenclosed tri-level automobile car, cushioned appliance cars, unit trains, articulated cars, and double-stack containers. Unit trains are an entire train carrying a single product. Typically, the product is a buck commodity such as coal or grain. Unit trains have also been used to support assembly operations for the automobile industry. The unit train is faster and less expensive to operate than traditional trains since it can bypass rail-yards and go direct to the product’s destination. Articulated cars have an extended rail chassis that can haul up to ten containers on a single flexible unit.Road TransportationRoad transport is widely used in inland delivery of goods. This mode tends to be used for higher-value and lower-volume cargo over relatively short distance. It is capable of providing a door to door service. It has not any break in the journey to change from one vehicle to another. So it can be flexible enough to perform “just-in-t ime” delivery. Any work place in the country can be serviced by road.The advantages of road transport are flexibility of both location and time and speed of delivery. To a significant degree the rapid growth of the road carrier industry results from door-to-door operating flexibility and speed of inter-city movement. With the development of road transport, new types of problem, such as a significant growth of fuel consumption, air pollution, traffic congestion and road accidents have emerged.In comparison to railroads, road carriers have relatively small fixed investments in terminal facilities and operate on publicly maintained highways. Although the cost of license fees, user fees, and tolls is considerable, these expenses are directly related to the number of over-the-road units and miles operated. The variable cost per mile for motor carriers is high because a separate power unit and drive are required for each trailer or combination of tandem trailers. Labor requirements are also highbecause of driver safety restrictions and the need for substantial dock labor. W aterway TransportationWaterway transportation includes maritime and river transportation. As the oldest mode of transport, waterway has developed considerably over the last decades. Waterway is utilized for large loads of low-value-per-unit goods. The carriers are specialized for internal river, canal transport, and international deep-sea ships.It is the cheapest method of moving goods world wide. The main advantage of shipping industry lies in moving the vast quantities of cargo in one ship. The main disadvantages of water transport are the limited rang of operation and speed of the ship which is very slowly. Unless the original and destination of the movement are adjacent to a waterway, supplemental haul by rail or truck is required. The capability of water to carry large tonnage at low variable cost places this mode of transport in demand when low freight rates are desired and speed of transit is a secondary consideration.Water transport ranks between rail and road carrier in respect to fixed cost. Although water carriers must develop and operate their own terminals, the right-of-way is developed and maintained by the government and results in moderate fixed costs compared to rail and highway.Air TransportationAir transport has been increased tremendously and plays a more important role in global logistics than ever before. Air transport accounts for the smallest proportion of cargo transportation. Its growth rate in recent years is the highest among the modes of transport. It offers rapid and flexible delivery. The major advantage of air freight is the speed of travel. The longer the distance of the flight, the greater the time saving of the customer. Air transport is primarily used for: Emergency transport of the critical items, Speedy transport of high-value, low-weight products, Speedy transport ofperishable items.One prohibitive aspect of air transport is the high cost. However, this can be traded off for high speed, which allows other elements of logistical design, such as warehousing or inventory, to be reduced or eliminated.The fixed cost of air transport is low compared to rail, water, and pipeline. In fact, air transport ranks second only to road with respect to low fixed cost. Airways and airport are generally developed and maintained with public funds.Pipeline TransportationPipelines are a significant part of the United States transportation system. In 1989, they accounted for over 53 percent of all crude and petroleum ton-mile movements.The basic nature of pipeline is unique in comparison to all other modes of transport. Pipelines operate on a twenty-four-hour basis, seven days per week, and are limited only by commodity changeover and maintenance. Unlike other modes, there is no empty “container” or “vehicle” that must be returned. Pipelines have the highest fixed cost and lowest variable cost among transport modes. Pipeline routes are practically unlimited. An obvious disadvantage is that pipelines are not flexible and are limited with respect to commodity that can be transported: only products in the form of gas, liquid, or slurry can be handled. Pipelines are usually used to transit natural gas, petroleum and coal. Natural gas and crude oil account for the majority of pipeline traffic. Considering the world's dependence on energy products, pipelines will probably become even more important in the future .Pipelines offer the shipper an extremely high level of service dependability at a relatively low cost. Pipelines are able to deliver their product on time because of the following factors: (1)The flows of products within the pipeline are monitored and controlled by computer. (2)Losses anddamages due to pipeline leaks or breaks are extremely rare. (3)Climatic conditions have minimal effects on products, moving in pipelines.(4)Pipelines are not labor - intensive；Therefore, strikes or employee absences have little effect on their operations. The cost and dependability advantages pipelines have over other transport modes have stimulated shipper interest in moving other products by pipeline.Transportation ManagementThe economic factors of transportationTransport economics is influenced by seven factors. While not direct components of transport rate tables, each factor is considered when developing rates. The specific factors are distance, volume, density, stowability, handling, liability, and market. In general, the above sequence reflects the relative importance of each factor. The specific characteristics are discussed below.Distance is a major influence on transportation cost since it directly contributes to variable cost, such as labor, fuel, and maintenance.The second factor is load volume. Like many other logistics activities, transportation scale economies exist for most movements. Transportation cost per unit of weight decreases as load volume increase.The third economic factor is product density, which incorporates weight and space considerations. These are important since transportation cost is usually quoted in terms of dollars per unit of weight, such as amount per ton or amount of per hundredweight (cwt). Once a vehicle is full, it is not possible to increase the amount carried even if the product is light. Since actual and fuel expenses are not influenced by weight, high density products allow relatively fixed transport costs to be spread across additional weight. As a result, these products are assessed lower transport costs per unit of weight.The stowability factor refers to product dimensions and how they affect vehicle（railcar, trailer, or container）space utilization. Odd sizes and shapes, as well as excessive weight or length, do not stow well and typically waste space. Items with standard rectangular shapes are much easier to stow than odd-shaped items.Special handling equipment may be required for loading or unloading trucks, railcars, or ships. Therefore, the manner in which products are physically grouped together（e.g., taped, boxed, or palletized）for transport and storage also affects handling cost.Finally, market factors, such as lane volume and balance, influence transportation cost. A transport lane refers to movements between original and destination points. Since transportation vehicles and drivers must return to their original, either they must find a load to bring back（“back-haul”）. When deadhead movements occur, labor, fuel, and maintenance costs must be charged against the original “front-haul” move. Thus, the ideal situation is for “balanced”moves where volume is equal in both directions. However, this is rarely the case because of demand imbalances in manufacturing and consumption locations.Transport DocumentationSeveral documents are required to perform each transport movement. The three primary types are bills of lading, freight bills, and shipping manifests.The bill of lading is the basic document utilized in purchasing transport service. It serves as a receipt and documents commodities and quantities shipped. For this reason, accurate description and count are essential. In case of loss, damage, or delay, the bill of lading is the basis for damage claims. The designated individual or buyer on a bill of lading is the only bona fide recipient of goods. A carrier is responsible for proper delivery according toinstructions contained in the document. In effect, title is transferred with completion of delivery.The bill of lading specifies terms and conditions of carrier liability and documents responsibility for all possible causes of loss or damage expect those defined as acts of God. It is important that terms and conditions be clearly understood so that appropriate actions can be taken in the event of substandard performance. Recent ICC rulings permit bills of lading to be computerized and electronically transmitted between shippers and carriers.In addition to the uniform bill of lading, other commonly used types are order-notified, export, and government. It is important to select the correct bill of lading for a specific shipment.An order notified of negotiable bill of lading is a credit instrument. It provides that delivery not be made unless the original bill of lading is surrendered to the carrier. The usual procedure is for the seller to send the order notified bill of lading to a third party, usually a bank or credit institution. Upon customer payment for the product, the credit institution releases the goods. This facilitates international transport where payment for goods is a major consideration.An export bill of lading permits domestic use of export rates, which are sometimes lower than domestic rates. Export rates may reduce total cost if applied to domestic origin or destination line-haul transport.The freight bill represents a carrier’s method of charging for transportation services. It is developed using information contained in the bill of lading. The freight bill may be prepaid or collect. A prepaid bill means that transport cost must be paid prior to performance, whereas a collect shipment shifts payment responsibility to the consignee. Considerable administration is involved in preparing bills of lading and freight bills. There has been considerable effect to automate freight bills and bills of lading through EDItransaction. Some firms now elect to pay their freight bills at the time the bill of lading is created, thereby combining the tow documents. Such arrangements are based on relative financial benefits of reduced paperwork costs. Many attempts are also under way to produce all transport documents simultaneously. This has become more practical with the use of computer.The shipping manifest lists individual stops or consignees when multiple shipments are placed on a single vehicle. Each shipment requires a bill of lading. The manifest lists the stop, bill of lading, weight, and case count for each shipment. The objective of the manifest is to provide a single document that defines the contents of the total load without requiring a review of individual bills of lading. For single-stop shipments, the manifest is the same as the bill of lading.运输一、什么是运输每一个公司都要求货物从一个点移到另一个点。
构造幻方的方法
构造幻方的方法Constructing magic squares is a fascinating and challenging puzzle that has captured the imagination of mathematicians and enthusiasts for centuries. The beauty of magic squares lies in their elegant symmetry and the intricate patterns that emerge from arranging numbers in a specific way. These unique properties make magic squares a popular subject of study in mathematics and a source of intrigue for those who enjoy solving puzzles.构造幻方是一个引人入胜且具有挑战性的谜题，几个世纪以来吸引了数学家和爱好者的想象力。
幻方的美在于它们优雅的对称性以及通过以特定方式排列数字而产生的复杂图案。
这些独特的属性使幻方成为数学研究的热门话题，也为那些喜欢解谜题的人提供了充满魅力的对象。
One of the most common methods for constructing magic squares is the odd order magic square method, which involves arranging numbers in a square grid such that the sum of each row, column, and diagonal is equal. This method is relatively straightforward and canbe easily understood and applied by enthusiasts of all skill levels. Byfollowing a set of rules and patterns, anyone can create a unique and intriguing magic square that showcases their mathematical prowess.构造幻方的最常用方法之一是奇次阶幻方方法，它涉及将数字排列在一个方形网格中，使得每行、每列和对角线的和相等。
英语作文先后顺序的词
英语作文先后顺序的词The Order of Words in English WritingThe structure and order of words in a sentence are crucial elements in English writing as they convey the intended meaning and ensure clear communication. In the English language the sequence of words typically follows a specific pattern known as the subject-verb-object (SVO) order which is the most common word order used in constructing sentences. This standard arrangement allows the reader to easily identify the subject performing the action the verb describes and the object receiving that action. Maintaining this conventional word order is essential for composing coherent and understandable written passages.Beyond the basic SVO format there are other patterns of word placement that writers can utilize to achieve different rhetorical effects or to emphasize certain aspects of a sentence. Altering the typical sequencing of subject verb and object can alter the focus and nuance of a statement. For instance, placing the object before the verb as in object-verb-subject (OVS) order can highlight the objectand de-emphasize the subject. Inverting the standard word order to verb-subject-object (VSO) can create a sense of immediacy or urgency. Adverbial phrases that describe when where or how an action occurs are often positioned at the beginning or end of a sentence to provide contextual information. The flexibility to manipulate word order allows writers to control the flow of ideas and direct the reader's attention.Understanding the conventions of word order is particularly important when constructing more complex sentence structures. Compound and complex sentences that contain multiple clauses require careful placement of conjunctions subordinate clauses and other modifying elements. Failure to position these components properly can result in ambiguous or confusing phrasing. For example in the sentence "The student who completed the assignment on time received an A" the relative clause "who completed the assignment on time" clearly modifies the subject "the student." However if the clause is moved to the end of the sentence as in "The student received an A who completed the assignment on time" the meaning becomes unclear as it is uncertain whether the clause describes the student or the grade. Maintaining the expected word order helps the reader process the relationship between the different parts of the sentence.In addition to syntactical conventions word order also plays a role inconveying semantic nuance. The placement of adjectives adverbs and other modifiers can alter the emphasis and implication of a statement. Consider the difference between the phrases "the extremely tall woman" and "the tall extremely woman." In the first example the adverb "extremely" intensifies the adjective "tall" whereas in the second example it is unclear whether "extremely" modifies "tall" or the entire noun phrase "tall woman." Carefully arranging modifiers allows writers to precisely communicate their intended meaning.The rules governing word order in English are not absolute and inflexible however. Poets and other creative writers often intentionally deviate from standard syntax to achieve specific stylistic effects. Inverting the typical SVO structure can lend a sense of formality or poetic flair to a passage. Separating a verb from its subject or object through the insertion of other elements can create suspense or emphasize certain words. While these unconventional arrangements may initially seem confusing to readers their purpose is to draw attention to particular words or ideas and evoke an emotional response.Mastering the conventions of word order is an essential skill for any writer composing in English. Understanding how to properly construct sentences and arrange modifying elements is crucial for crafting clear and coherent written work. Yet the flexibility tomanipulate syntax allows writers to experiment with language and craft pieces that are not only informative but also aesthetically compelling. By mindfully controlling the placement of words writers can guide the reader's attention and convey nuanced meaning. Ultimately the order of words is a powerful tool that enables effective communication and artistic expression.。
2014年考研英语一真题完整版答案解析
2014年考研英语一真题答案解析Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” ___3___seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___.Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first “brain training program”designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___.The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, C hancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobl ess arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fort nightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the j obseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people st ay off benefits and help those on benefits get in to work faster.” Help? Really? On first h earing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, co mplete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we we re to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, control ling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hu rting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your h eart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is fina ncially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraord inarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work envir onment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed y ourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent depen dency if you can get it —supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administra tion system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can in sure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” —invented in 1996 —is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a bene fit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the clai mant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitle ment and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osbor ne’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system in dulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where cli ents have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, temptin g ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-fir m job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tor t system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. The re is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degre e in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools auth orized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. T his leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergrad uate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non -profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas ha ve been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as a n undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those wh o can sit it earlier should be allowed todo so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structur e of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any shar e of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keepi ng outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather t han serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and imp rove services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ pr ofessional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, suc h as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American stat es?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’ sharp critic ism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it[A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text, the author mainly discusses[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must s till be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’wealth.[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C]an example of bankers’investments.[D]a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A]controversies over the recipients’status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, th e American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to so lve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education[B] define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals’rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are r equired to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly place d Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stoneh enge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been disc overed by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a bu tterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest h u man settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornat e ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common peo ple lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (mak e test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield usef ul information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding th e larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, ma ny researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located h undreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and b y making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and d ensity of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey method s and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as dif ferent types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fiel ds.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years be fore he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Mino an palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be su ccessful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for bur ied materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried r emains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal de tectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around si tes. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41 --- A --- 42. ---F ---43---G --- 44---D --- 45---BPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chin ese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sen sual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with th e soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is pure ly and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is alsothe reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate ou r reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason，why引导定语从句，修饰the reason。
盖房子的过程常用英语作文
Building a house is a complex process that involves various stages,each with its own set of tasks and responsibilities.Here is a detailed description of the process in English,as one might find in an essay on the subject.nd Acquisition:The first step in building a house is acquiring the land.This involves identifying a suitable plot,negotiating the price,and completing the legal formalities to secure ownership.2.Planning and Design:Once the land is secured,the next step is to plan the house.This includes deciding on the layout,the number of rooms,and the overall design.Architects and designers play a crucial role in this stage,creating blueprints and ensuring that the design meets the clients needs and local building regulations.3.Securing Permits and Approvals:Before construction can begin,various permits and approvals must be obtained from local authorities.This includes building permits,which ensure that the construction will be carried out safely and in accordance with local building codes.4.Site Preparation:The land must be prepared for construction.This involves clearing the site of any obstacles,such as trees or existing structures,and leveling the ground.Soil tests may also be conducted to determine the suitability of the ground for building.5.Foundation and Footings:The foundation is the base upon which the house will rest.It is crucial for the stability of the structure.Footings are dug into the ground to support the weight of the house,and the foundation is then built on top of these footings.6.Framing:Once the foundation is in place,the framing of the house begins.This involves constructing the skeletal structure of the house,including the walls,floors,and roof. Framing is typically done with wood or steel.7.Utilities Installation:While the framing is being completed,the installation of utilities such as plumbing, electrical wiring,and HVAC systems can begin.This is a critical stage as it involves laying the groundwork for the houses essential functions.8.Exterior and Interior Finishing:After the framing is complete,the exterior and interior of the house are finished.This includes installing windows and doors,applying insulation,and finishing the walls with drywall or other materials.The exterior may also be covered with siding or brick.9.Roofing:The roof is a crucial part of the house,providing protection from the elements.Roofing materials are chosen based on durability,weather resistance,and aesthetic appeal.The roof is then installed,ensuring it is watertight and secure.10.Finishing Touches:The final stage of construction involves adding the finishing touches to the house.This includes painting,installing flooring,and adding fixtures such as light fittings and ndscaping and outdoor features are also completed at this stage.11.Inspection and Handover:Before the house can be occupied,it must pass a final inspection to ensure that it meets all safety and building code requirements.Once the house passes inspection,the keys are handed over to the homeowner,marking the completion of the construction process. Building a house is a significant undertaking that requires careful planning,skilled labor, and adherence to safety and building standards.It is a journey from an empty plot of land to a home filled with memories.。
描写程序员的唯美句子英语(精选两篇)
描写程序员的唯美句子英语(篇一) Title: Captivating Sentences Describing Programmers1. Programmers illuminate the digital world with their coding artistry.2. Like composers of algorithms, programmers orchestrate lines of code into harmony.3. With every keystroke, programmers shape the future.4. Programmers tango with logic, turning complex problems into elegant solutions.5. Like architects of the virtual realm, programmers construct intricate systems from scratch.6. Programmers are the poets of technology, crafting prose that machines understand.7. In the realm of programming, syntax dances and algorithms sing.8. The minds of programmers are a labyrinth of creativity and problem-solving.9. Programmers possess an innate ability to unravel complex puzzles through lines of code.10. With every line of code, programmers breathe life into machines, making the impossible possible.11. Programmers are the magicians of the digital world, conjuring software from the depths of their imagination.12. In the realm of programming, logic reigns supreme, and programmers are its worthy champions.13. The beauty of programming lies in its ability to transform abstract ideas into tangible realities.14. Every program written by a programmer is a testament to their meticulous attention to detXXl.15. Programmers are the architects of the future, building a world driven by technology.16. Code is the language of programmers, and their fluency knows no bounds.17. Behind every successful app, website, or software lies the brilliance of a programmer's mind.18. Programmers navigate through complex mazes of code, deciphering the secrets hidden within.19. Programmers are the craftsmen of the digital era, chiseling masterpieces out of lines and symbols.20. Within the minds of programmers, algorithms bloom like a garden in spring.21. The symphony of code composed by programmers orchestrates solutions like a well-conducted concerto.22. Programmers possess the unique ability to translate human ideas into the language of machines.23. Like pXXnters, programmers use a palette of algorithms to create works of digital art.24. Programmers transform raw data into meaningful information, like alchemists turning lead into gold.25. The brilliance of a programmer's mind shines brightest in the face of the most intricate coding challenges.26. Programmers are the architects of order in the chaotic world of technology.27. With each line of code, programmers stitch together the fabric of the digital universe.28. Programmers are the dreamweavers of the 21st century, crafting visions of innovation through their code.29. Like explorers of cyberspace, programmers navigate through uncharted territories of technology.30. Programmers possess a relentless curiosity, forever seeking to push the boundaries of what is possible.31. Within the command prompt lies a universe wXXting to be explored by the minds of programmers.32. Code is the pXXntbrush, and programmers are the artists, creating masterpieces in the digital gallery.33. Programmers are the weavers of logic, spinning webs of order amidst a sea of complexity.34. Behind every marvel of modern technology stands a programmer, their fingerprints imprinted on its code.35. Programmers are poets in binary, using ones and zeros to express the language of machines.36. Within the minds of programmers lie the blueprints of groundbreaking innovation.37. Programmers are the unsung heroes of the digital age, their impact reverberating through every aspect of our lives.38. Like architects of logic, programmers lay the foundation for a technological revolution.39. The symphony of code created by programmers resonates throughout the digital landscape.40. Programmers possess an insatiable thirst for knowledge, forever seeking to expand their expertise.41. Behind every software bug lies an opportunity for programmers to demonstrate their problem-solving skills.42. Programmers are the architects of efficiency, building digital systems that streamline our lives.43. The art of programming lies in the ability to solve complex problems with elegant simplicity.44. Programmers are the alchemists of the modern era, turning lines of code into digital gold.45. Like sculptors of the virtual realm, programmers breathe life into formless blocks of data.46. Within the minds of programmers, the building blocks of the digital world are meticulously arranged.47. Programmers possess the ability to see order amidst chaos, to find patterns where others see randomness.48. The keyboard is the instrument, and programmers are the virtuosos, playing melodic arrangements of code.49. Programmers are the translators between humanity and technology, bridging the gap between the two worlds.50. Behind every stunning user interface lies the thoughtful design choices made by skilled programmers.51. Programmers are the guardians of data, ensuring its integrity and security in an interconnected world.52. Within the depths of code lies the power to shape society, and programmers hold the key.53. The elegance of programming lies in its ability to automate mundane tasks, freeing us to focus on what truly matters.54. Programmers possess an acute attention to detXXl, catching even the most elusive bugs in their digital traps.55. Like virtuosos of the virtual realm, programmers perform intricate symphonies of logic with every line of code.56. Behind every scientific breakthrough lies the brilliance of a programmer, transforming theory into reality.57. Programmers are the architects of possibility, constructing virtual worlds limited only by their imagination.58. The beauty of programming lies in its ability to empower, to democratize knowledge and transform lives.59. Within the minds of programmers lies a universe of untapped potential, wXXting to be unleashed.60. Programmers wear many hats, switching seamlessly between problem-solver, designer, and innovator.61. Like doctors of technology, programmers diagnose and treat the XXlments of software with precision and care.62. Behind every revolution in technology stands a programmer, their ideas sparking change from within.63. Programmers are the storytellers of the digital era, weaving narratives through lines of code.64. Within the minds of programmers, logic and creativity dance in perfect harmony.65. Programmers are the architects of efficiency, building digital systems that revolutionize our dXXly lives.66. Like pioneers of the digital frontier, programmers push the boundaries of what is possible.67. Behind every captivating game lies the ingenuity of a programmer, creating immersive worlds for us to explore.68. Programmers possess a deep understanding of the inner workings of machines, harnessing their power to serve humanity.69. Within the realm of programming, innovation blossoms like a field of digital wildflowers under programmers' guidance.70. Programmers are the riddle-solvers of the technological landscape, unraveling the mysteries of code.请注意，根据标题要求，本文不包含任何网址。
兵马俑的传奇历史英语作文
兵马俑的传奇历史英语作文The Legendary History of the Terracotta WarriorsNestled deep in the heart of China, lies a place that holds the secrets of an ancient civilization and a testament to the meticulous craftsmanship of the Qin Dynasty. This is the site of the Terracotta Warriors, a marvel of human creativity that continues to fascinate the world.The Terracotta Warriors, also known as the Terracotta Army or the Clay Figures of Qin Shi Huang, were discovered in 1974 near the tomb of the First Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. The tomb itself is a massive complex, believed to be the largest in the world, designed to protect and accompany the emperor in his afterlife.The Terracotta Warriors were created as part of the emperor's elaborate funeral arrangements. These life-sized figures, crafted from clay and fired in kilns, stand guard in various poses, representing the emperor's army in their prime. Each warrior is unique, with individual facial expressions, hairstyles, and even armor and weapons.The legendary history of the Terracotta Warriors is intertwined with the life and ambitions of Qin Shi Huang. Asthe first emperor of a unified China, he was a man of vast vision and unprecedented power. He sought to solidify his power and legacy by building a vast empire and constructing an equally impressive tomb. The Terracotta Warriors were not only a show of his military might, but also a testament to his desire for immortality.The discovery of the Terracotta Warriors has shed new light on the history and culture of the Qin Dynasty. They have become a national symbol of China and a major tourist attraction, drawing millions of visitors from around the world. Their intricate details and lifelike appearance continue to amaze and inspire, reminding us of the grandeur and mystery of ancient civilizations.In conclusion, the Terracotta Warriors are a testament to the craftsmanship and ambition of the Qin Dynasty. Their discovery has not only enriched our understanding of ancient China, but also inspired awe and admiration from around the world.。
晚上在家我写作业英语
晚上在家我写作业英语Certainly! Here's a content generation for the title "晚上在家我写作业英语":Tonight, as the sun sets and the sky turns a deep shade of indigo, I find myself seated comfortably at my study desk, ready to tackle my English homework. The room is quiet, save for the occasional rustle of pages and the soft glow of my desk lamp casting a warm light on the pages of my workbook.My assignment for the evening is to complete a series of exercises that focus on verb tenses. I open my textbook tothe relevant chapter and start by reviewing the rules of past, present, and future tenses. Understanding these is crucialfor constructing sentences that are both grammaticallycorrect and contextually appropriate.I begin with the past tense exercises, carefully conjugating verbs in the simple past, past continuous, and past perfect forms. Each sentence I construct tells a small story, and I find myself immersed in the narratives of actions that have already taken place.Moving on to the present tense, I practice forming sentencesin the simple present, present continuous, and presentperfect tenses. This section is particularly important forexpressing habitual actions, current states, and actions that have occurred at an unspecified time in the past.Finally, I tackle the future tense, which is always a bit more challenging. I practice using "will" for predictions, "be going to" for planned actions, and "present continuous" for future arrangements. Imagining the future is always exciting, and it adds a layer of creativity to my homework.As I work through the exercises, I also take note of any new vocabulary that comes up. I jot down unfamiliar words in a small notebook, making a mental note to look up their meanings and usage later.After completing the exercises, I move on to reading comprehension. The passage for tonight is an engaging story about a young explorer who embarks on a journey to discover a hidden treasure. The language is rich and descriptive, and I find myself lost in the vivid imagery.I underline key phrases and new vocabulary, making sure to understand the context in which they are used. This helps me to not only answer the comprehension questions but also to enrich my own vocabulary and improve my reading skills.As the clock ticks closer to bedtime, I review my work, making sure there are no errors left unchecked. I feel a sense of accomplishment as I pack away my books, knowing that I've made progress in my English studies.Homework, while sometimes challenging, is an essential partof learning. It provides the opportunity to practice and reinforce the concepts taught in class, and tonight's session was no exception. With a contented sigh, I switch off the lamp and prepare for a good night's sleep, looking forward to the next day's lessons.。
英语作文如何制作一个乐器为主题
英语作文如何制作一个乐器为主题Musical instruments have been an integral part of human culture for thousands of years. From the earliest drum-like percussion instruments to the complex orchestral arrangements of modern times, the creation and performance of music has been a driving force in the development of civilizations across the globe. For many, the opportunity to craft their own unique musical instrument can be a deeply rewarding and enriching experience. In this essay, we will explore the process of designing and constructing a simple yet functional musical instrument that can be enjoyed by players of all skill levels.The first step in creating a handmade musical instrument is to determine the type of sound you wish to produce. This will largely depend on your personal preferences and the intended use of the instrument. Do you envision a soothing, mellow tone to accompany meditative practices or a bold, vibrant sound to energize a lively performance? Perhaps you are drawn to the rich, resonant quality of stringed instruments or the percussive rhythm of a hand-crafted drum. Regardless of your musical aspirations, it is important to havea clear vision of the desired outcome before beginning the construction process.Once you have settled on the general type of instrument you wish to create, the next phase involves selecting the appropriate materials. Depending on the design, this could include wood, metal, natural fibers, or a combination thereof. It is important to choose high-quality, durable components that will withstand the stresses of regular use. For example, a guitar body constructed from a soft, porous wood may warp or crack over time, whereas a hardwood like maple or rosewood would provide greater stability and longevity.In addition to the primary structural elements, you will also need to source any necessary hardware such as tuning pegs, strings, or drumheads. These components play a crucial role in the instrument's functionality and must be carefully chosen to ensure optimal performance. For stringed instruments, the strings themselves can have a significant impact on the overall tone, so experimenting with different materials and gauges may be necessary to achieve your desired sound.With the materials gathered, the construction process can begin. Depending on the complexity of the design, this may involve intricate woodworking techniques, metalsmithing, or the careful assembly of various parts. For novice instrument makers, it is oftenadvisable to start with a relatively simple project, such as a basic hand drum or a single-string "diddley bow" guitar. These simpler designs allow you to gain valuable experience with the fundamental skills required, without becoming overwhelmed by overly complex construction methods.As you progress in your instrument-making journey, you may choose to incorporate more advanced features or experiment with unique design elements. This could involve the addition of decorative inlays, the incorporation of electronics for amplification or effects, or the exploration of unconventional materials and shapes. The possibilities are endless, and the creative process can be both challenging and immensely rewarding.Throughout the construction phase, it is important to pay close attention to the structural integrity and functionality of the instrument. Proper alignment of moving parts, accurate tuning, and the overall balance of the design are all crucial factors that can make the difference between a playable instrument and one that is destined for the scrap heap. Patience, attention to detail, and a willingness to troubleshoot and problem-solve are essential qualities for any successful instrument maker.Once the instrument is completed, the final step is to put it to the test through experimentation and practice. Familiarize yourself withthe unique characteristics of your creation, explore different playing techniques, and discover the full range of its expressive capabilities. Share your instrument with others, and take note of their reactions and feedback. This process of refinement and continuous improvement is an integral part of the instrument-making journey, as you strive to perfect your craft and create truly exceptional musical tools.In conclusion, the process of designing and constructing a handmade musical instrument can be a deeply fulfilling and enriching experience. By carefully considering the desired sound, selecting appropriate materials, and applying the necessary skills and techniques, you can bring your musical vision to life and create a truly unique and personal instrument. Whether you choose to share your creation with others or keep it as a treasured personal possession, the sense of accomplishment and the joy of making music with your own hands is an experience that will stay with you for years to come.。
我最喜欢的玩具是积木英语作文
我最喜欢的玩具是积木英语作文Building blocks have been a beloved toy for children for generations. They are versatile, engaging, and provide endless opportunities for creativity and learning. As a child, I found great joy in spending hours constructing intricate designs and structures with these simple yet captivating building materials. Even now, as an adult, I still fondly recall the countless hours I spent lost in the world of building blocks, and I firmly believe that they are one of the most valuable and important toys a child can have.One of the primary reasons I love building blocks so much is their ability to stimulate the imagination. With a simple set of blocks, a child can transform an ordinary room into a bustling city, a towering castle, or a sprawling farm. The possibilities are truly limitless, and the process of creating these imaginary worlds is both engaging and rewarding. As a child, I would spend hours carefully planning and constructing my creations, meticulously arranging the blocks to bring my visions to life. The sense of accomplishment and pride I felt when I completed a particularly ambitious project was unparalleled, and it fueled my desire to keep exploring and creating.In addition to their imaginative appeal, building blocks also offer a wealth of educational benefits. Through the act of constructing and manipulating these blocks, children develop a range of essential skills, including problem-solving, spatial awareness, and fine motor coordination. As they experiment with different shapes, sizes, and arrangements, they learn about concepts like balance, symmetry, and stability, laying the foundation for a deeper understanding of engineering and design principles.Moreover, building blocks encourage collaborative play, which is crucial for a child's social and emotional development. When children work together to build a shared structure, they learn to communicate effectively, compromise, and negotiate. They develop a sense of teamwork and cooperation, skills that will serve them well throughout their lives.One of the most remarkable things about building blocks is their versatility. Unlike many other toys that have a specific purpose or function, building blocks can be used in countless ways, allowing children to engage in open-ended play and exploration. Whether they are constructing a towering skyscraper or a simple house, the process of building and creating is equally rewarding and fulfilling.Furthermore, building blocks are a relatively inexpensive toy, makingthem accessible to children from all socioeconomic backgrounds. This accessibility is particularly important, as it ensures that all children have the opportunity to engage in the valuable learning and developmental experiences that building blocks provide.As a child, I can vividly recall the sense of pride and accomplishment I felt when I successfully constructed a complex structure or solved a challenging building problem. The process of planning, problem-solving, and creating was deeply satisfying, and it fostered a sense of confidence and self-esteem that has stayed with me to this day.In addition to the personal benefits I experienced, building blocks also played an important role in my social development. I remember spending countless hours collaborating with my friends, sharing ideas, and working together to bring our shared visions to life. These experiences taught me the value of teamwork, communication, and compromise, skills that have served me well throughout my life.Even as an adult, I find myself drawn to building blocks, not only for the nostalgia they evoke but also for their continued ability to engage and inspire. There is something deeply satisfying about the process of constructing something tangible and meaningful, and building blocks offer that opportunity in a way that few other toys can.In conclusion, my love for building blocks is rooted in their ability to stimulate the imagination, foster learning and development, and provide endless opportunities for creative expression and social interaction. Whether a child is building a simple structure or an elaborate masterpiece, the process of working with these versatile and engaging toys is both rewarding and invaluable. As I reflect on my own childhood experiences, I am reminded of the immense value that building blocks hold, and I am confident that they will continue to be a beloved and cherished toy for generations to come.。
英文作文多种句型
英文作文多种句型Various Sentence Structures in English WritingCrafting effective and engaging written content requires a mastery of diverse sentence structures. In the English language, writers have a wealth of options at their disposal to construct sentences that captivate readers and convey their message with clarity and precision. From the simple subject-verb-object format to more complex syntactical arrangements, understanding and implementing various sentence types can elevate the quality and impact of one's writing.One of the foundational sentence structures in English is the simple sentence. This basic format consists of a subject, a verb, and potentially an object. For example "The cat chased the mouse" or "She studied diligently for the exam." Simple sentences are often used to establish facts, make direct statements, or convey straightforward ideas. Their concise nature can be particularly effective in grabbing the reader's attention or emphasizing a key point.Building upon the simple sentence, compound sentences link two independent clauses using coordinating conjunctions such as "and," "but," "or," or "yet." This allows writers to present related yet distinct thoughts within a single sentence. An example of a compound sentence would be "The student finished her homework quickly, and then she went outside to play." The use of compound sentences can help create a natural flow to one's writing, demonstrating the connections between ideas.In contrast, complex sentences incorporate a dependent clause in addition to an independent clause. The dependent clause, introduced by a subordinating conjunction like "because," "since," "although," or "unless," provides supplementary information that modifies or explains the main clause. A complex sentence might read "Because the weather was nice, the family decided to have a picnic in the park." Complex sentences enable writers to convey more nuanced relationships between concepts and provide additional context for the reader.Beyond the basic sentence structures, writers can also employ more intricate syntactical arrangements to achieve specific stylistic effects. Compound-complex sentences, for instance, combine both compound and complex elements, linking multiple independent and dependent clauses. Such a sentence could be "The team worked tirelessly to prepare for the competition, and although they facednumerous challenges, they ultimately emerged victorious." The layered structure of compound-complex sentences allows for the expression of sophisticated ideas and the exploration of intricate connections.Parallel structure is another powerful technique in which writers construct sentences with similar grammatical forms. This consistency can lend a sense of rhythm and emphasis to the writing. For example, "She enjoys hiking, biking, and swimming" demonstrates parallel structure through the repetition of the -ing verb form. Parallel structure can be especially effective in creating lists, emphasizing contrasts, or reinforcing key points.Sentence fragments, while technically deviating from the conventional sentence structure, can also serve a valuable purpose in writing. When used judiciously, fragments can create a sense of immediacy, emphasize a point, or reflect a character's thought process. For instance, a writer might employ a fragment such as "Suddenly, the lights went out. Darkness enveloping the room." to heighten the drama or evoke a particular mood.Additionally, writers can experiment with inverted sentence structures, placing the verb before the subject or rearranging the typical word order. This technique can be employed to achieve specific rhetorical effects, such as emphasizing a particular elementof the sentence or creating a sense of formality or poetic cadence. An example of an inverted sentence would be "Through the woods, a path wound its way."Ultimately, the skilled use of diverse sentence structures is a hallmark of excellent writing. By mastering a range of syntactical options, writers can craft sentences that are not only grammatically correct but also stylistically compelling, rhythmic, and expressive. Whether constructing simple, compound, complex, or more intricate arrangements, the intentional selection and deployment of sentence structures can elevate the quality of one's written work, captivating readers and effectively conveying the intended message.。
交通堵塞采取的措施英语作文
Title: Measures to Address Traffic CongestionIn the modern era, as urbanization accelerates and vehicle ownership soars, traffic congestion has become a pervasive issue plaguing cities worldwide. This phenomenon not only leads to time-consuming delays but also exacerbates air pollution, increases fuel consumption, and reduces overall quality of life. To tackle this challenge effectively, a multi-faceted approach is imperative. Below are several measures that can be undertaken to alleviate traffic congestion.1. Developing and Improving Public Transportation SystemsOne of the most effective ways to reduce private car usage and thereby ease traffic congestion is to invest in and enhance public transportation. This includes expanding bus and subway networks, ensuring they run frequently and efficiently, and making them affordable and accessible to all. Modernizing ticketing systems, such as through mobile apps, can also streamline the commuting experience and encourage more people to use public transport.2. Implementing Carpooling and Ride-Sharing ProgramsEncouraging carpooling and ride-sharing can significantly reduce the number of vehicles on the road. Governments and private companies can incentivize these practices by offering tax benefits, dedicated lanes, or discounts on ride-hailing services. Additionally, promoting awareness campaigns about the environmental and financial benefits of sharing rides can further boost participation.3. Optimizing Road Infrastructure and Traffic ManagementUpgrading and optimizing road infrastructure, including widening roads, constructing bypasses, and implementing intelligent traffic signal systems, can help manage traffic flow more efficiently. Smart traffic management systems that utilize real-time data to adjust signal timings can significantly reduce wait times at intersections. Furthermore, creating dedicated lanes for buses, bicycles, and emergency vehicles can further streamline traffic movement.4. Promoting Non-Motorized TransportationEncouraging the use of bicycles and walking as viable transportation options is crucial in reducing traffic congestion. This can be achieved by building more bike lanes, improving pedestrian infrastructure, and implementing bike-sharing programs. Such initiatives not only alleviate traffic but also promote healthy lifestyles and reduce carbon emissions.5. Implementing Congestion Pricing and Parking PoliciesCongestion pricing, where fees are charged during peak hours in congested areas, can effectively discourage unnecessary travel during these times. Similarly, adjusting parking policies, such as increasing parking fees or limiting on-street parking, canalso encourage drivers to seek alternative modes of transportation. The revenue generated from these measures can be reinvested in public transportation and other infrastructure improvements.6. Fostering Telecommuting and Flexible Work SchedulesPromoting telecommuting and flexible work schedules can significantly reduce rush hour traffic by allowing employees to work from home or adjust their work hours to avoid peak commuting times. Employers can offer incentives for telecommuting and implement policies that support flexible work arrangements, thereby contributing to a reduction in traffic congestion.In conclusion, addressing traffic congestion requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach involving governments, private sectors, and individuals. By investing in public transportation, encouraging carpooling and ride-sharing, optimizing road infrastructure, promoting non-motorized transportation, implementing congestion pricing and parking policies, and fostering telecommuting and flexible work schedules, we can work towards creating more livable and sustainable cities.。
力与韵主题作文初中
Force and Rhythm力与韵，看似两个截然不同的概念，却在实际生活中相辅相成，共同构筑了世界的多彩与和谐。
力量，代表着坚韧与刚强，是我们面对困难与挑战时的支撑；而韵，则蕴含着优雅与和谐，是我们在平淡中寻找美好的源泉。
Force and rhythm, seemingly two completely different concepts, actually complement each other in real life, jointly constructing the colorfulness and harmony of the world. Force represents toughness and strength, supporting us when facing difficulties and challenges; while rhythm embodies elegance and harmony, serving as a source of beauty for us to seek in the midst of ordinariness.从物理学的角度来看，力是物体之间的相互作用，它使物体发生运动或形变。
无论是推、拉、提、压，都是力的表现形式。
这些看似简单的动作，背后却蕴含着无穷的力量。
比如，建筑师运用力的原理，将一砖一瓦堆砌成高楼大厦；运动员通过力的运用，在赛场上创造了一个又一个奇迹。
力，不仅塑造了物质世界，也展现了人类智慧的结晶。
From the perspective of physics, force is the interaction between objects, causing them to move or deform. Whether it is pushing, pulling, lifting, or pressing, they are all manifestations of force. These seemingly simple actions contain infinite power behind them. For example, architects use the principles of force to stack bricks and tiles into skyscrapers; athletes create miracles on the field through the application of force. Force not only shapes the material world, but also demonstrates the crystallization of human wisdom.而韵，则更多地体现在文化艺术领域。
2016年雅思词汇每日学：Do与Make的区别
2016 年雅思词汇每日学：Do 与Make 的区别 Do 和 Make 这两个词对许多学生造成了困扰。
今天我们就来学习一下这两个词的区别，以及用法。
When do you use DO?什么时候用DO?1. DO is used when talking about work, jobs or tasks. Note, they do not produce any physical object.1. 谈论 work, jobs or tasks 的时候用。
注意：这几个词后面不接任何宾语。
• Have you done your homework?你的作业做完了吗?• I have guests visiting tonight so I should start doing the housework now.我现在就开始做家务，今晚你要见客人。
• I wouldn't like to do that job.我不喜欢做那项工作。
2. DO is used when we refer to activities in general withoutbeing specific. In these cases, we normally use words like thing, something,nothing, anything, everything etc.2. 当我们笼统的提到一项活动时用 DO。
这种情况下，我们通常使用 thing, something, nothing, anything, everything 之类的词。
• Hurry up! I've got things to do!快点!我还有事情要做!• Don't just stand there – do something!不要光站在那，做点什么!• Is there anything I can do to help you?我可以帮你做什么吗?3. We sometimes use DO to replace a verb when the meaning isclear or obvious.This is more common in informal spoken English:3. 当意思很清楚或是很模糊时，会用DO 替换句中的动词。
写一张关于你能帮助我的英语作文
写一张关于你能帮助我的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1How You Can Help Me With My English WritingAs an international student, one of the biggest challengesI've faced is improving my English writing skills. Writing well in English is crucial for academic success, as essays, research papers, and other writing assignments make up a significant portion of our grades. However, mastering the nuances of English writing can be a daunting task, especially when it's not your native language. That's where your help can be invaluable to me.First and foremost, you can offer guidance on the structure and organization of my writing. In English, essays typically follow a specific format, with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. You can help me understand how to craft a compelling introduction that hooks the reader and outlines the main points I'll cover. You can also assist me in structuring my body paragraphs logically and coherently, ensuring that each paragraph flows smoothly into the next and supports my central argument or thesis.Another area where your assistance would be greatly appreciated is grammar and mechanics. English has many intricate rules regarding verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, punctuation, and more. As a non-native speaker, it's easy to make mistakes in these areas, which can detract from the overall quality of my writing. By reviewing my work and providing feedback on grammatical errors, you can help me improve my command of English grammar and mechanics over time.Additionally, you can offer insights into word choice and vocabulary. English is a rich language with a vast vocabulary, and using the right words can make a significant difference in the clarity and impact of my writing. You can suggest more precise or vivid words to replace vague or overused ones, helping me to express my ideas more effectively. Furthermore, you can introduce me to idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms, which can add a natural and fluent flair to my writing.Another valuable contribution you can make is providing feedback on the flow and coherence of my ideas. In academic writing, it's essential to present a logical and well-reasoned argument, with each point smoothly transitioning to the next. You can help me identify areas where my writing may bedisjointed or lacking in cohesion, and offer suggestions for improving the overall flow and clarity of my ideas.Moreover, you can serve as a sounding board for my ideas and arguments. As I develop my writing skills, I may sometimes struggle to articulate my thoughts clearly or to find the right words to express my perspectives. By discussing my ideas with you and receiving your feedback, I can refine my thinking and learn to communicate my viewpoints more effectively in writing.Beyond the technical aspects of writing, you can also offer insights into the cultural and stylistic conventions of English academic writing. Different cultures may have varying expectations and norms when it comes to writing style, tone, and the use of evidence or citations. By sharing your understanding of these conventions, you can help me adapt my writing to meet the expectations of English-speaking academic audiences.Furthermore, your encouragement and support can be invaluable in boosting my confidence as a writer. Writing in a non-native language can be intimidating, and it's easy to become discouraged by setbacks or critical feedback. By providing constructive criticism in a supportive manner, celebrating my progress, and highlighting my strengths as awriter, you can help me maintain the motivation and self-belief necessary to continue improving my English writing skills.In addition to direct feedback and guidance, you can also recommend resources and strategies to enhance my English writing abilities. This could include suggesting books, websites, or online courses focused on academic writing, grammar, or vocabulary building. You might also share study techniques, such as keeping a writing journal, practicing freewriting exercises, or participating in writing workshops or peer review sessions.Ultimately, your role as a mentor and guide in my English writing journey can be truly transformative. By providing personalized feedback, offering cultural insights, and sharing your knowledge and expertise, you can help me overcome the challenges of writing in a non-native language and develop the skills necessary to communicate my ideas effectively in English.As I continue my academic journey, strong English writing abilities will be essential for achieving my goals. Whether I pursue further studies, seek employment opportunities, or engage in scholarly research, the ability to express myself clearly and persuasively in writing will be a valuable asset. With your support and guidance, I can work towards mastering the art ofEnglish writing, unlocking new doors of opportunity and enabling me to share my unique perspectives with the world.In conclusion, your assistance in improving my English writing skills would be an invaluable gift. By helping me with structure, grammar, vocabulary, coherence, cultural conventions, and confidence-building, you can play a vital role in my academic and personal growth. I am eager to learn from your expertise and to apply your feedback and guidance to continually refine my writing abilities. With your support, I am confident that I can overcome the challenges of writing in a non-native language and develop the skills necessary to communicate my ideas effectively in English.篇2An Essay on How You Could Assist Me with an English PaperEnglish has always been a subject that I've struggled with, particularly when it comes to writing compositions and essays. From constructing coherent sentences to developing a logical flow of ideas, the process has never been an easy one for me. However, with your assistance, I believe I can overcome these challenges and produce a well-crafted piece of writing that notonly meets the requirements but also showcases my intellectual capabilities.One of the primary areas where I could benefit from your guidance is in the brainstorming and ideation phase. Often, I find myself staring at a blank page, unsure of where to begin or how to approach the given topic. Your expertise could prove invaluable in helping me generate ideas, explore different perspectives, and identify potential themes or angles that could make my essay stand out. By providing me withthought-provoking questions and prompts, you could help me break through the initial mental roadblock and set me on the right path.Once the initial ideas have been established, you could assist me in organizing and structuring my thoughts into a cohesive outline. This crucial step is where many students, including myself, frequently stumble. Your ability to identify gaps in logic, suggest alternative arrangements, and ensure a smooth flow of ideas would be an invaluable asset. With your guidance, I could construct an outline that serves as a solid foundation for the essay, making the writing process more efficient and focused.As I begin to flesh out the essay, your support in refining my writing style and improving my language skills would beindispensable. English being a second language for me, I often struggle with finding the right words to convey my thoughts effectively. Your expertise in vocabulary, grammar, and idiomatic expressions could help me elevate my writing to a more sophisticated level, ensuring that my ideas are communicated with clarity and precision.Furthermore, you could provide valuable feedback on the coherence and logical flow of my arguments. By identifying areas where my reasoning may be unclear or where additional evidence or examples are needed, you could help me strengthen the overall quality of my essay. Your objective and constructive critiques would enable me to identify and address any weaknesses or inconsistencies in my writing, ultimately leading to a more compelling and persuasive piece.In addition to content and structure, you could also offer insights篇3An Essay on How You Could Assist Me with English WritingEnglish has always been a challenging subject for me, particularly when it comes to writing essays and compositions. From an early age, I've struggled to effectively convey mythoughts and ideas through the written word in English. This challenge has persisted throughout my academic journey, and as I progress to higher levels of education, the demands of English writing assignments become increasingly complex and daunting.It's not that I lack creativity or the ability to think critically; rather, it's the process of translating those thoughts into coherent, well-structured English paragraphs that poses the greatest difficulty for me. Organizing ideas in a logical and compelling manner, while adhering to proper grammar, vocabulary, and formatting rules, can be an overwhelming task.This is where your assistance could prove invaluable. As an AI language model with a vast knowledge base and advanced natural language processing capabilities, you possess the potential to revolutionize my approach to English writing assignments.One of the primary areas where I could benefit from your support is in the initial planning and brainstorming phase. Often, I find myself struggling to develop a clear outline or structure for my essays, resulting in disorganized and scattered thoughts. With your help, I could articulate the main thesis or argument I want to convey, and you could provide guidance on how to effectively organize my ideas into a cohesive and logical flow.Furthermore, your extensive knowledge base could be an invaluable resource for research and fact-checking. When writing academic essays or research papers, ensuring the accuracy and credibility of information is crucial. You could assist me in quickly locating relevant and reputable sources, verifying claims, and providing additional context or background information to strengthen my arguments.Once I have a solid outline and research material, the actual writing process often presents another set of challenges. This is where your language processing capabilities could truly shine. You could analyze my rough drafts, identifying areas for improvement in terms of grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, and overall clarity. Your suggestions and recommendations could help me refine and polish my writing, ensuring that my ideas are conveyed in a clear, concise, and engaging manner.Additionally, you could provide valuable feedback on my writing style, tone, and voice. Effective writing requires not only technical proficiency but also the ability to captivate and connect with the reader. Your insights could help me develop a more compelling and persuasive writing style, tailored to the specific audience and purpose of each assignment.Beyond the technical aspects of writing, you could also serve as a sounding board for my ideas and arguments. Engaging in a dialogue with you could help me refine my critical thinking skills, challenge my assumptions, and consider alternative perspectives. This intellectual exchange could lead to deeper insights and more nuanced arguments, ultimately elevating the quality of my writing.Moreover, your assistance could extend to other aspects of the writing process, such as citation formatting, proofreading, and even time management. With your support, I could streamline my workflow, ensuring that I meet deadlines while maintaining high-quality output.However, it's important to acknowledge that your role would be that of a supportive tool, and not a substitute for my own critical thinking and creative endeavors. While you could provide invaluable guidance and feedback, the final product would still be a reflection of my own ideas, efforts, and intellectual growth.Ultimately, having you as a resource could alleviate much of the stress and anxiety associated with English writing assignments. Instead of struggling alone, I could rely on your expertise and capabilities to overcome the hurdles that have historically hindered my progress in this domain.With your assistance, I could approach English writing assignments with greater confidence, knowing that I have a powerful ally by my side. The prospect of producing well-crafted, thought-provoking essays and research papers becomes less daunting, and the path to academic success in English becomes clearer.In conclusion, your potential to enhance my English writing skills is immense. By leveraging your knowledge, language processing capabilities, and supportive feedback, I could overcome the challenges that have historically plagued my writing endeavors. With your guidance, I could unlock new levels of clarity, coherence, and persuasiveness in my writing, ultimately empowering me to effectively communicate my ideas and achieve academic excellence in the realm of English composition.。
写积木的作文
写积木的作文英文回答：The colorful plastic bricks, known as building blocks, have captivated the imaginations of generations of children and have become an enduring toy in households worldwide. These simple yet versatile pieces provide endless opportunities for creativity, imagination, and learning.Building blocks offer a hands-on, sensory experiencethat engages children on multiple levels. The bright colors, smooth textures, and interlocking design encourage tactile exploration and spatial awareness. As children manipulate the blocks, they develop their fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and problem-solving abilities.Beyond their physical benefits, building blocks also foster cognitive development. The process of constructing structures requires children to think critically, plan ahead, and persevere. They experiment with differentarrangements, explore patterns and relationships, and develop spatial reasoning skills.Building blocks also promote social and emotional development. Children often engage in collaborative play, sharing blocks and working together to create elaborate structures. This fosters cooperation, communication, and a sense of accomplishment. Additionally, building blocks can provide a safe and expressive outlet for children's emotions as they engage in imaginative play and storytelling.The versatility of building blocks makes them suitable for a wide range of ages and abilities. From toddlers who stack blocks indiscriminately to older children who construct complex structures and machines, there is something for everyone to enjoy. The open-ended nature of play with building blocks encourages creativity and allows children to explore their own interests and strengths.Building blocks have also been recognized for their educational value. They are often used in preschool andkindergarten settings to promote cognitive, social, andfine motor development. Some studies have even suggestedthat building block play can enhance spatial reasoning skills, which are essential for success in mathematics and engineering.In conclusion, building blocks are more than just a toy; they are a powerful tool for learning and development. They provide children with a rich and engaging experience that fosters creativity, problem-solving, social skills, and cognitive abilities. As children grow and explore, building blocks continue to offer endless possibilities for play, discovery, and imagination.中文回答：积木，一种由色彩鲜艳的塑料砖块组成的玩具，已经吸引了几代儿童的想象力，并成为全球家庭中经久不衰的玩具。
避免塞车的英语作文
避免塞车的英语作文Title: Strategies to Avoid Traffic Jams。
Traffic congestion is a ubiquitous issue in urban areas worldwide, causing frustration, delays, and environmental pollution. However, with effective planning and conscious efforts, individuals and communities can mitigate traffic congestion. This essay explores various strategies to avoid traffic jams.Firstly, promoting alternative modes of transportation can significantly alleviate traffic congestion. Encouraging the use of public transportation, such as buses, trains, and subways, reduces the number of private vehicles on the road. Additionally, investing in infrastructure for cycling and walking can provide viable alternatives for short-distance travel, further reducing dependence on cars.Secondly, implementing flexible work schedules and telecommuting options can distribute peak-hour traffic moreevenly throughout the day. By allowing employees to work remotely or adjust their working hours, organizations can reduce the concentration of vehicles on the road during rush hours. This approach not only eases traffic congestion but also enhances work-life balance and reduces commuting stress for employees.Moreover, improving traffic management and infrastructure can enhance the efficiency of existing road networks. Implementing intelligent transportation systems (ITS) equipped with real-time traffic monitoring and adaptive signal control can optimize traffic flow and minimize congestion. Furthermore, investing in road expansion projects, adding lanes, and constructing bypass routes can alleviate bottlenecks and reduce congestion at key chokepoints.In addition to infrastructure improvements, promoting carpooling and ridesharing initiatives can effectively reduce the number of vehicles on the road. Carpooling not only reduces traffic congestion but also lowers fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions per capita.Moreover, ridesharing platforms offer convenient solutions for commuters to share rides and split costs, making transportation more affordable and sustainable.Furthermore, raising awareness about the environmental and economic impacts of traffic congestion can foster behavioral changes among commuters. Educating the public about the benefits of carpooling, using public transportation, and adopting eco-friendly commuting habits can inspire individuals to make more sustainable transportation choices. Additionally, providing incentives such as carpooling lanes, discounted public transportation fares, and tax incentives for eco-friendly vehicles can encourage people to adopt alternative transportation modes.Lastly, promoting urban planning policies thatprioritize mixed land-use development and promote pedestrian-friendly environments can reduce the need for car travel. By creating walkable neighborhoods with amenities within close proximity, individuals are more likely to choose walking or cycling as their primary mode of transportation for daily activities. Furthermore,designing efficient public transportation routes that connect residential areas with commercial centers and employment hubs can reduce reliance on private vehicles.In conclusion, addressing traffic congestion requires a multifaceted approach that combines infrastructure improvements, behavioral changes, and urban planning strategies. By promoting alternative transportation modes, implementing flexible work arrangements, improving traffic management, and raising awareness, communities can effectively alleviate traffic congestion and create more sustainable transportation systems for the future.。
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intersecting L, the k0-level of A(H ), or the adjacent cells. The collection of such cells can naturally be called the 1-zone of L. It follows from the probabilistic argument of Clarkson and Shor CS89] that the complexity of the 1-zone is of the same order as the complexity of the zone of L, that is, of the cells intersecting L, and it remains to bound the expected complexity of this zone. Let m denote the number of intersections of the lines of R with L (a contiguous segment is counted as one intersection). The number of intersections of the lines of H with L is O(n) (each line meeting L does so at a vertex), and hence the expectation of m is O(r). We may now use a standard trick to convert the zone of L to a single cell in an arrangement of O(m + r) (possibly unbounded) segments, namely we remove from each line of R a small portion around its intersections with L. By PSS87], the complexity of a single cell in an arrangement of n segments is O(n (n)), and so the expected zone complexity in our case is O(r (r)). We may thus conclude that f (r) = O(r2k=n + r (r)), and the expected running time of the algorithm is O(nk + n log n (n)). The same analysis can be applied for other ranges, as long as we can bound the expected complexity of the zone of the k0 -level. For the case of discs or x-monotone Jordan curves, the zone complexity can be bounded using the same argument, since one has a good bound on the complexity of a single cell in an arrangement of the corresponding (curvilinear) segments: a single cell de ned by n segments of curves with at most s intersections per pair has complexity O( s+2 (n)) GSS89]. We obtain the following result. Theorem 6 The k-level in an arrangement of n discs in the plane can be computed in expected O(nk + 4(n) log n) time. The k-level in an arrangement of n x-monotone Jordan curves with each pair having most s intersections can be computed in expected O(k2 s (n=k)+ s+2 (n) log n) time.
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ELSS73] P. Erd}s, L. Lovasz, A. Simmons, and E. Straus. Dissection graphs of planar o point sets. In J. N. Srivastava, editor, A Survey of Combinatorial Theory, pages 139{154. North-Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1973. ERvK93] H. Everett, J.-M. Robert, and M. van Kreveld. An optimal algorithm for the ( k)-levels, with applications to separation and transversal problems. In Proc. 9th Annu. ACM Sympos. Comput. Geom., pages 38{46, 1993. EW86] H. Edelsbrunner and E. Welzl. Constructing belts in two-dimensional arrangements with applications. J. Comput., 15:271{284, 1986. GSS89] L. J. Guibas, M. Sharir, and S. Sifrony. On the general motion planning problem with two degrees of freedom. Discrete Comput. Geom., 4:491{521, 1989. HW87] D. Haussler and E. Welzl. Epsilon-nets and simplex range queries. Discrete Comput. Geom., 2:127{151, 1987. Ma91] J. Matousek. Cutting hyperplane arrangements. Discrete Comput. Geom., 6:385{ 406, 1991. Mul91a] K. Mulmuley. A fast planar partition algorithm, II. J. ACM, 38:74{103, 1991. Mul91b] K. Mulmuley. On levels in arrangements and Voronoi diagrams. Discrete Comput. Geom., 6:307{338, 1991. Mul93] K. Mulmuley. Computational Geometry: An Introduction Through Randomized Algorithms. Prentice Hall, New York, 1993. PSS87] R. Pollack, M. Sharir, and S. Sifrony. Separating two simple polygons by a sequence of translations. Discrete Comput. Geom., 3:123{136, 1987. PSS92] J. Pach, W. Steiger, and E. Szemeredi. An upper bound on the number of planar k-sets. Discrete Comput. Geom., 7:109{123, 1992. Sha91] M. Sharir. On k-sets in arrangements of curves and surfaces. Discrete Comput. Geom., 6:593{613, 1991. Wel86] E. Welzl. More on k-sets of nite sets in the plane. Discrete Comput. Geom., 1:95{100, 1986. ZV92] R. Zivaljevic and S. Vrecica. The colored Tverberg's problem and complexes of injective functions. J. Combin. Theory Ser. A, 61:309{318, 1992.