从属句

Subordinate Clause
1. Adverbial clause of time
时间状语从句表时间，引导的关联词有as, after, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as long as, as soon as, now (that), etc.
(scarcely)… when, no sooner…than也可以引导时间 状语从句，其意义相当于as soon as
I will come directly I have finished. Immediately he arrived, he started telling us what to do. Scarcely / Hardly had he gone when she appeared.
程度状语从句表动作或状态所达到的程度，其关 联词有so (that), such that, as (so) far as, as (so) long as, to the degree (extent) that, in so far as, etc.
就我所知，他是值得信任的
So far as I know, he is worth trusting.
这球着地后蹦得很高
The ball goes up very high after it hits the ground.
自从我们上次见面以后你变化很大
You have changed a lot since last we met.
我可以边工作边学习
I can learn while I work.
as / since通常表已知的原因，常常用于句首， 其分句前不用强调词和not修饰，也不用于强调 句中 Since you won’t help me, I’ll ask someone else. Since you're not interested, I won't tell you about it. As I didn’t know the way, I asked a policeman. As they were getting off the bus at the same time, he saw her. 从语气上来说，because最强，其次是since, 再 其次是as
原因状语从句表原因或理由，引导的关联词有 because, as, since, for, etc.
我吃土豆是因为我喜欢土豆
I eat potatoes because / for I like them.
Because I like them, I eat potatoes.
? For I like them, I eat potatoes.
Put it where you found it.
你喜欢坐哪就坐哪
Sit down wherever you like.
请在下列段落中加所需要的冠词
Put in article where (it is) necessary in the following passage.
3. Adverbial clause of cause
你需要我呆多久，我就呆多久
I’ll stay as long as you need me.
那时政治家并不像现在这样出名
At that time politicians were not known to the degree that they are today.
6. Adverbial clause of purpose
我一听到消息就告诉你
As soon as I hear, I will let you know.
当我出门时，开始下雨了
As I was going out, it began to rain.
随着春回大地，万花开始绽放
As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom.
By the time he was taken to the hospital he was nearly dead.
2. Adverbial clause of place
地点状语从句表地点，引导的关联词有where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc.
把它放在原来的地方
你要讲得清楚，他们才能听得懂
He opened the door and went in.
Biblioteka Baidu
只有两种可能性，要么你知道要么你不知道
There are only two possibilities: either you know or you don’t know.
他既不喜欢小说也不喜欢诗歌
He neither likes novel nor (likes) poetry. He neither likes novel, nor does he like poetry.
他既喜欢看电影也喜欢看戏剧
He either likes to go to the cinema or (go) to the theater. He either likes to…, or he likes to ...
He both likes to go to the cinema and to the theater. He not only likes to go to the cinema but also to the theater.
他气的说不话来
His anger was such that he got his tonguetied.
我在做饭，所以没听见电话响
I was cooking, with the result that I didn’t hear the telephone.
5. Adverbial clause of degree
I do remember, now that you mention it.
He resigned on the grounds that his health was failing. This machine differs from the other one in that it is more powerful.
目的状语从句表目的，用so, so that, in order that, lest, in case, etc.引导，从句中常用情态动 词may (might), can (could), shall (should)或will (would)
我做给你看，以便使你明白如何做此事
I’ll show you so you can see how it’s done.
-- Why do you eat potatoes?
-- Because I like them.

-- ? For I like them
because和for既可表“直接理由”也可表“间 接理由”；because-分句既可放主句前也可放 主句后，而for-分句只能放主句后；由because 引导的状语可单独用来回答why问句，而for不 可以；because分句中可以有only, just以及否 定词来修饰，而且because分句可以用于强调句 It was because I wanted to see my uncle that I went to town yesterday. The doctor looks tired and sleepy simply because he isn’t feeling well / not because he isn’t feeling well, but because he sat up all night with the patient.
有些表时间的短语也可以引导时间状语从句，如the instant, the minute, the moment, the day, the year, each (every) time, next time, the first (second, last) time, by the time, etc.
Coordinate Construction
Compound Sentence
并列结构可以是词和词的并列，也可以是词组 和词组的并列，也可以是分句和分句的并列； 由两个或两个以上的并列分句构成的句子叫并 列句
cheap but good father and son
with strength but without confidence
The minute he saw her he fell in love.
The day he returned home, his father was already dead. Every time I come, he is reading.
He was much better the last time I saw him.
当他正用早餐时，听到门铃响了
As / When / While he was having his breakfast, he heard the door bell ring.
as, while, when 的区别
as多用在口语中，强调“同一时间”或“一先 一后”，when则强调“特定时间”；当二者都 指定特定时间时，可以互换；while也表同一时 间，但表示的时间不是一点，而是一段，强调 “过程” 有些副词如directly, immediately；一些连词如hardly
还有些短语也可以引导原因状语从句，如 inasmuch as, insomuch as, by reason that, for the reason that, considering (that), in that, now that, on the grounds that, etc.
Inasmuch as you know the story already, I will not tell it again.
I met Henry in New York and told him the news. This sentence may be correct grammatically, but a native speaker never says it that way.
连接并列句的连词： and, both…and, not only …but (also), while, not…nor, neither…nor, either…or, whereas, or, only, yet, etc.
他自己不但对这门学科感兴趣，他的学生也开始喜欢 这门学科了
Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but (also) all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.
他打开门然后就进来了
Neither / either 可以放在主动词前，nor / or既 可带动词，也可以带整个句子；而both…and / not only…but (also)不可以这样用
The merchandise is well made, only we can't use it.
She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.
4. Adverbial clause of result
结果状语从句表结果，其关联词有that, so (that), such that, with the result that, etc.
他工资很少，他的家人不得不靠救济金生活
He got so little pay that his family had to live on welfare money.