电路基础理论英文版课件Chpt08
电路基础第一章英文版chapter1PPT课件
6
Electric current i = dq/dt. The unit of current is the ampere (A),
and it can be derived as 1 A = 1C/s. • A direct current (dc) is a current that
remains constant with time. • An alternating current (ac) is a
Basic unit meter
kilogram second ampere kelvin
mole candela
Symbol m Kg s A K
mol cd
3
The derived units commonly used in electric circuit theory
Decimal multiples and submultiples of SI units 4
11
We should pay close attention to that the arrow is a fundamental part of the definition of the current! Thus, to talk about the value of a current i (t) without specifying the arrow is to discuss an undefined entity. For example, Fig. 1.3a is the proper definitive, whereas Fig. 1.3b apresentation of i(t) symbology.
电路理论第八章pptChapter8-1
3. Source-free second-order linear networks
R L
C
i R = i L = iC
• Development of differential equation models for series and parallel RLC circuits + uC Solution _ Step 1. Apply KVL to the series RLC.
The values of K and θ depend on the initial conditions. uC (0+ ) = K cosθ = U 0 A B iL
1 1 iC (0+ ) = − i L (0+ ) = 0 C C iC + + + θ = 0 and K = U 0 uC uL L U0 C _ _ t _ uC ( t ) = U 0 cos( ) LC C t sin( ) Obtain iL(t) directly by differentiating i L ( t ) = U 0 L LC ′ uC (0+ ) = −ω K sin θ =
d 2 uC 1 duC 1 + + uC = 0 2 dt RC dt LC
R
L
C
d 2 uC R duC 1 + + uC = 0 2 dt L dt LC d 2 i L R di L 1 + + iL = 0 2 dt L dt LC d 2 iL 1 di L 1 + + iL = 0 2 dt RC dt LC d 2 uC 1 duC 1 + + uC = 0 2 dt RC dt LC
电路原理双语课件
The transfer function can be written as
The transfer function H(ω) of a circuit is the frequency-dependent ratio of a phasor output Y(ω) (an element voltage or current) to a phasor input X(ω) (source voltage or current). Thus,
Vo 1/ jωC 1 H (ω ) = = = Vs R + 1/ jωC 1 + jω RC
The magnitude and phase of H(ω) are
Amplitude response 幅频特性
ω H= , φ = − tan 2 ω0 1 + (ω / ω 0 )
1
−1
where ω0 = 1/RC. At ω = 0, H = 1 and φ = 0. At ω = ∞, H = 0, and φ = − 90°. Also, at ω = ω0, H = 1/ 2 and φ = − 45°.
14.1 INTRODUCTION
In our sinusoidal circuit analysis, we have learned how to find voltages and currents in a circuit with a constant frequency source. If we let the amplitude of the sinusoidal source remain constant and vary the frequency, we obtain the circuit’s frequency response. The frequency response of a circuit is the variation in its behavior with change in signal frequency. The sinusoidal steady-state frequency responses of circuits are of significance in many applications, especially in communications and control systems.
电路基础理论英文版课件第一章
Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω) using a ohmmeter.
Definition
Definition
Capacitance is the ability of a capacitor to store electrical energy. It is measured by the capacity of the capacitor to hold a charge.
详细描述
04
Analysis methods for circuits
单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加正文 10*16
A circuit that allows the flow of AC current, typically used in household and industrial applications.
பைடு நூலகம்
Definition of Circuit
Components
01
Circuit components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and power sources. These components are connected to form a complete circuit.
contents
目 录
电路与电子技术课件(英文版)-第一章 电路的基本概念
Topics Covered
Week 1
Week 2
Monday Nov. 25, 2019
Tuesday Nov. 26, 2019
Friday Nov. 29, 2019
Monday Dec. 2, 2019
Tuesday Dec. 3, 2019
Friday Dec. 6, 2019
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits: Elements of electric circuits; Kirchhoff’s law; Voltage/Current divider laws; Series and parallel circuits
10
Alessandra Volta (1745 – 1827)
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law(KVL)
▪ The voltage, or potential difference, btw two points in a circuit indicates the energy required to move charge from one point to the other.
13
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law(KVL)
▪ The principle underlying KVL is that no energy is lost or created in an electric circuit; in circuit terms, the sum of all voltages associated with source must equal the sum of the load voltages, so that the net voltage around a closed circuit is _________?.
电路基础英文版CHAERppt课件
uC(2)
(6
)e
t 6 2
1.26e
t
6 2
V
t6
uC(V)
1.26
uC(1)
uC(2)
6
t(s)
2．Zero-State Response Of An RL Circuit
K
a iL
R a iL
t=0
+ Us
+
A
L iL(0)=0
uL
L uL
b
b
L
diL dt
RiL
the switch is opened, and it is closed 6s later.
Find uC fRo1r t >0.
Solution： 0<t<6s：
R1
iS K
+
R2 C uC
Fig.(a)
iS Fig.(b)
+
R2 C
uC(1)
1=R2C=6s
t
uC uC ()(1 e )
the zero-state, and the solution to
nonzero inputs for the circuit is known
1．Zeroa-sSttahtee zReersop-osntsaeteOfreAsnpoRnCse. (零状态响应)
Circuit K a iC
R a iC
steady-state response. (强制响应或稳
态响应)
iC
US
uC R
iC
US/R
电路英文课件 (1)
− −
− +
υ(t )<0
(2) Reference directions for voltage
+
−
+
υ(t) > 0
−
−
+ −
7
(3) Reference conventions (惯例) for two-terminal elements (R, L, C or ... )
i(t)
i(t )
§1-1 Introduction
1 Circuit models（模型） （模型） The voltage source Two active（有源）models （有源） The current source The resistor The inductor The capacitor
Three passive(无Байду номын сангаас）models 无源） 无源
L
dϕ ( t ) υ( t ) = dt
ϕ ( t ) = ∫−∞υ( τ )dτ
−∞
t
3. Reference directions(参考方向 参考方向) 参考方向 (1) Reference directions for current
i(t) i(t) >0 i(t) <0
− −
+
υ(t)
7
(4) The reference for power
i (t )
+ υ( t ) −
p(t ) = υ (t )i(t )
p(t)>0 the power absorbed by the element. p(t)<0 the negative power absorbed by the element or it is actually generating power and delivering it to some external element.
电路(英文版)第一章ppt课件
② If use Non-Passive sign convention, the relation will be minus；
③Indicate the resistor have no memory,and symmetrical at two terminal。 i R
Ohm’s law
u
+
Practise Calculate the power of every part.
Solve
i iS 2A
+
5V u
u 5V
P A iS u 2 5 10 W 2
P V uS i 5 (2) 10 W 5
-
release release
P（发）＝P（吸）
2. Fuel Cell(燃料电池）
电池电动势1.23V。以氢、氧作为燃料。约40-45%的化学能 转变为电能。实验阶段加燃料可继续工作。
氢氧燃料电池示意图
3. Solar Cell (太阳能电池）
一块太阳能电池电动势0.6V。太阳光照射到P-N结上， 形成一个从N区流向P区的电流。约 11%的光能转变为电 能，故常用太阳能电池板。 一个50cm2太阳能电池的电动势0.6V,电流0.1A
u
iS
0 i
例
Direct Current
+
u
iS
R
u RiS
u0
( R 0)
Resitor
u ( R )
Current source can’t be opend！
返 回
上 页
下 页
Actual Current soruce： 可由稳流电子设备产生，如晶体管的集电极 电流与负载无关；光电池在一定光线照射下光电 子被激发产生一定值的电流等。
电路原理课件讲义英文版 Chapter_2汇总
The sum of the currents entering a node is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the node.
Case 2 (closed boundary)
Generalized: a node may be regarded as a closed surface shrunk to a point. Two dimension: a closed boundary is the same as a closed path.
In general
Potentiometer
Linear resistor: obey Ohm’s Law.
Slope R
Nonlinear resistor: does not obey Ohm’s Law.
Slope R
Conductance is the ability of an element to conduct
2.1 Introduction
To actually determine the values of these variables in a given circuit requires that we understand some fundamental laws that govern electric circuits. Basic Laws: Ohm’s Law Kirchhoff’s Law
KCL:
KCL states that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node (or a closed boundary) is zero.
大学电路专业英语教学课件
2.characteristic [ˌkæriktəˈristik]
3.Ohm [əum] 4.Faraday [ˈfærədi,-dei] 5.integral [ˈintiɡrəl] 6.equation有的，表示特性的 n. 特征，性能，特色，特性，特点 n. 欧姆(电阻单位)
1.resistor [riˈzistə]
n. n. n.
(=resister) 电阻， 电阻器，流阻器 电容，电容器
2.capacitor [kəˈpæsitə] 3.inductor [inˈdʌktə]
4.transistor [trænˈzistə]
5.bias [ˈbaiəs] 6.electrode [iˈlektrəud] 7.semiconductor [ˈsemikənˈdʌktə] 8.amplifier [ˈæmpliˌfaiə]
4.p-type
5.forward bias 6.reverse bias 7.bipolar transistor
p型(半导体)
正向偏置 反向偏置 双极(性)晶体管
8.field effect transistor
9.Integrated Circuit 10.equivalent circuit
电感，电感线圈，感应器，引导 者 n. 晶体(三极)管，半导体(三极)管， 晶体管(半导体)收音机 n. 斜线；偏见，偏向；偏压，偏置 Vt. 使有偏见；使有倾向性；加偏压 到 n. 电极 n. n. 半导体
9.fabricate [ˈfæbrikeit]
10.germanium [dʒə:ˈmeiniəm]
P1 Fundamental of Electric
（3）电感 电感是由绕成线圈形状的导线组成（图1.3）。当电流通过线圈时， 在线圈周围将产生磁场，它将阻止电流强度的快速变化。像电容一样， 电感可以被用于分辨信号变化的快慢。当电感和电容连在一起使用时， 电感上的电压在一个确定的频率上达到最大值。这一原理用在无线接 收机上，通过调节可变电容可以选择一个特定的频率。 （4）晶体管 晶体管由半导体制成。半导体是硅和锗这样的材料，经过搀杂 （即加入微量的外部元素），使内部的自由电子过剩或者不足。前一 种类型的半导体叫n型半导体，后一种类型的半导体叫p型半导体。 将n型半导体和p型半导体结合在一起就形成了二极管（图1.4a）。当 这个二极管连接上电池，使p型材料为正，n型材料为负时，因为 p区 缺少电子，电子就会被电池的负极排斥而毫无阻止地进入p区。当电 池反接时，要到达p区的电子经过n区非常困难，因为n区已经填充了 大量自由电子，电流几乎为零。1948年发明了双极的晶体管（图 1.4b），它由三层搀杂材料组成，两个p-n结可以配置成p-n-p或n-p-n 型晶体管，其中一个p-n结连接上电池使其有电流通过（正向偏置）， 另一个p-n结以相反的方向连接上电池（反向偏置）。如果用一个外 加信号使晶体管的正偏p-n结中的电流发生变化，反偏p-n结中的电流 将相应地跟着变化。这个原理可以用来构建放大器，正向偏置p-n结 的小信号可以引起反向偏置p-n结中电流大的变化。
电气专业英语基础课件
03
Power system and network
Power system: A power system is a complex network of electrical components that generate, transmit, and distribute electricity to consumers
Transformer
Types
Application
Transformers are widely used in fields such as power systems, electronic equipment, and industrial automation.
Maintenance and upkeep
Maintenance and upkeep
Switch
A switch is a key component that controls the on/off of a circuit, used to turn on or off the circuit.
Types
There are various types of switches, such as mechanical switches, relay switches, photoelectric switches, etc. Mechanical switches control the on/off of circuits through mechanical movement, relay switches control the on/off of circuits through electromagnets, and photoelectric switches control the on/off of circuits through optical signals.
电路理论基础-PPT课件
dw p (t ) dt
若u , i为关联参考方向 p﹥0 表示元件吸收功率
p﹤0 表示元件发出功率
4. 电能量(Electric- Energe)：电功率的积分就是电能量。在关 联参考方向下，电路元件在t0到t的时间内吸收的能量为：
第三节 电路中基本电气元件
一、电阻元件(Resistor)
第一章 电路的基本概念和定律
第一节 电路(Electric Circuit)和 电路模型(Electric Model)
1. 实际电路是由若干电气器件(Electric devices)按照一定的 方式相互联系而成的整体。 2. 实际电路的功能：
1) 实现电能（力）的传输与分配； 2) 实现电信号的传输和处理。
解：根据各图中所示电压、电流的参考方向，由欧姆定律得
例题1-2（1）在图中的电流均为2A,且由a流向b,求两元件吸收或 4W，求电流 产生的功率。（2）若元件产生的功率为 b a b a
+ U1=1V － － U2= － 1V + (a) (b) 解(1)设电流的参考方向由a流向b，则I=2A，对(a)中元件，电压与 电流为关联参考方向，(b)中元件，电压与电流为非关联参考方向
电路理论基础
经典电路理论形成于二十世纪初至60’s 。经典 的时域分析于30’s初已初步建立，并随着电力、通讯、 控制三大系统的要求发展到频域分析与电路综合。 六、七十年代至今发展了现代电路理论。它随 着电子革命和计算机革命而飞跃发展，特点是：频域 与时域相结合，并产生了拓扑、状态、逻辑、开关电 容、数字滤波器、有源网络综合、故障诊断等新的领 域。 作为首门电技术基础课，为学习电专业的专业基 础课打下基础；也是电气电子工程师的必备知识；学 习本课程还将有助于其他能力的培养（如严格的科学 作风、抽象的思维能力、实验研究能力、总结归纳能 力等）。
电路与电子技术课件(英文版)-第二章电路的分析方法
14
NODE VOLTAGE METHOD
▪ The node voltage method is based on defining the voltage at each node as an independent variable.
Ohm’s law requires that i1, for example, be given by
It is the potential difference va −vc across R1 that causes current i1 to flow from node a to node c.
▪ A loop is any closed connection of branches
12
Network Analysis -Examples
▪ Have identified a total of 9 variables!
13
NODE AGE METHOD
▪ Node voltage analysis is the most general method for the analysis of electric circuits.
3
Network Analysis
▪ The analysis of an electrical network consists of determining each of the unknown branch currents and node voltages.
▪ To define all the relevant variables as clearly as possible, and in systematic fashion.
电路与电子技术课件(英文版)-第五章
13
THE PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION
▪ For a current source, wish to cancel the effects of a current source, it would stand to reason that an open circuit could be substituted for the current source
27
THE PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION
▪ Wish to cancel the effects of a voltage source and a current source,
▪ A short circuit === a voltage source ▪ An open circuit === a current source
▪ Find the node voltages in the circuit of Figure ▪ Known Quantities: Source current; resistor
values; dependent voltage source relationship. ▪ Find: Unknown node voltage v.
In order to set a voltage source equal to zero, we replace it with a short circuit
16
THE PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION
A short circuit === a voltage source An open circuit === a current source
电路理论英文版课件Chapter 1
Preface•Place of Electrical Circuits in Modern Technology IntroductionThe design of the circuits has 2 main objectives:1)To gather,store,process,transport,and present information.2)To distribute and convert energy between various forms.The study of circuits provides a foundation for areas of electrical engineering such as:•Communication system •Computer system •Control system •Electronics •Electromagnetic •Power systems •Signal processing•Motivation for doing this course •About the courseCircuit TheoryCircuit AnalysisCircuit Synthesis Circuits(given)Excitation (given)Response(unknown)Circuit AnalysisWhat we emphasize on,Since it provides the foundation forunderstanding the interaction of signalsolution.Circuits(unknown)Excitation (given)Response(given)Circuit synthesis(design)In contrast to analysis,a design problem may have nosolution or several solutions,Resistance circuits analysisDynamic circuits analysisSinusoidal steady stateThe course includes3parts:•Reference Books1)Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Charles K Alexander,Matthew N O Sadiku清华大学出版社2)The Analysis and Design of Linear Circuits Roland E.Thomas,Albert J.Rosa—2nd ed3)Electrical Engineering Principles and Applications Allan R.Hambley---2nd ed4)电路分析基础李瀚荪第三版5)电路邱关源第四版6)Electric Circuits Joseph Edminister,Mahmood Nahvi-----3rd edChapter 1 Fundamental KnowledgeCircuit and circuit model•Actual electrical component:a battery or a lightbulbActual electrical componentIdeal circuitcomponentEmphasize the main characterNeglect the left character•Ideal circuit component: amathematical model of an actualelectric component.R1VsRsCircuit model:A commonly used mathematical model for electric system.Lumped elements Lumped circuiti2-V+i1i1=i2V is certain Actual scale of the circuit is much smaller than the wavelength relating to the running frequency of the circuit.Circuit Type:•Linear----Nonlinear•Time invariant----Time variant •Passive----Active•Lumped----DistributiveCircuit Variablesdtdq i n Electric current is the time rate of change of charge, measured in amperes (A).A direct current (DC)is a current thatremains constant with time. (I)An alternating current (AC)is a current that varies sinusoidally with time.SortReference directioni >0 means the real direction isisame to the reference directioni <0 means the real direction isopposite to the reference directionCircuit VariablesVoltage (or potential difference) is the energy required to move a unit charge through an element, measured in volts(V). dqdw v Reference direction or voltage polarity -V +V>0 means the real polarity is sameto the reference polarity V<0 means the real polarity isopposite to the reference polaritypassive sign convention -V +iPassive sign convention is satisfied when current enters through the positive polarity of the voltage.Unless otherwise stated, we will follow thepassive sign convention throughout this course.Circuit VariablesPower is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy. Measured in watts(W)dtdw p =vi dtdq v dt dw p vdq dw ===∴= P=VI in a DC circuitusing passive signconvention Power absorbed = -Power suppliedReference polarities for power using passive sign conventionP > 0 absorbing powerP < 0 releasing or supplyingpowerExamplesLaw of conservation of energy must be obeyed in any electric circuit.∑=0p Power absorbed = -Power suppliedEnergy is the capacity to do work, measured in joules(J) ⎰⎰==t t tt vidt pdt w 00The energy absorbed or supplied by an element from time t0 to time t isCircuit ElementsPassive elements:resistors,capacitors,and inductorsActive elements:source,operational amplifiersVoltage and Current SourcesThe most important active elements are voltage or current sources that generally deliver power to the circuit connected to them. There are two kinds of sources: independent and dependent sources.An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables.Symbols for independent voltage source Symbols for independent voltage sourceNote:▪ 2 or more voltage sources with different value are not permissible to be connected in parallel▪ 2 or more current sources with different value are not permissible to be connected in series▪V oltage sources connected in series is equivalent to one voltage source▪Current sources connected in parallel is equivalent to one current source▪ A voltage source connected to any branch in parallel is equivalent to itself▪ A current source connected to any branch in series is equivalent to itselfAn ideal dependent(or controlled)source is an active element in which the source quantity is controlled by another voltage or current.Symbols for a) dependent voltage sources b) dependent current sources There are a total of fourvariations, namely:1.A voltage –controlled voltagesource (VCVS)2. A current –controlled voltagesource (CCVS)3. A voltage –controlled currentsource (VCCS)4. A current –controlled currentsource (CCCS)V1V1μVCVSV1V1g VCCS I1I1αCCCS I1V1γI1CCVSWhat is the difference between independent and dependent sources?ResistorsThe circuit element used to model the current –resisting behavior of a material is the resistor.Resistance is the capacity of materials to impede the flow of current.The resistance R of an element denotes its ability to resist the flowof electric current;it is measured in ohms(Ω)Symbol: R11ki u i ut1t2ui i u i ut1t2uiLinear Time InvariantLinear Time variant Nonlinear Time Invariant Nonlinear Time Variant Open Circuit Short CircuitLinear Resistor:The resistance of the idea resistor is constant and its value doesnot vary over time.The relation between voltage and current.(V AR)vV=Ri(passive sign convention)i-------Ohm’s LawSince the value of R can range from zero to infinity,it is important that we consider the two extreme possible value of R:R=0-------is called a short circuit;V=0;R=∞------is called an open circuit,I=0;Conductance G is the reciprocal of the resistance, measured in siemens (s)Power : P=vi (passive sign convention) always absorbs power from the circuit Other methods of expressing :G i G v vi p Rv R i vi p 2222======RG 1=About nonlinear resistor。
电路基础 英文教学 1
4. Power
p = ui
p = − ui
•Emphasis重点 1.current and voltage reference direction
Active elements (有源元件）
dependent source 受控源
Summary: 1. Current 2. Voltage 3. Potential
dq i = L ( A) dt
dw u = L (V ) dq
u a − u b = u ab L (V ) let
a I
u b = 0 L b 点为参考点
from EQ (1-1),the energy absorbing or supplied by an element from time t0 to t is
w =
∫
t
t0
pdt = ∫ vidt
t0
t
Unit is joules(J) 1Wh=3600J
Example：The electron beam in a TV picture tube carries 1015 electrons per second. As a design engineer, determine the voltage U0 needed to accelerate the electron beam to achieve 4W. Solution： dq −19 15 −4 i = = (−1.6×10 )(10 ) =−1.6×10 A dt
(c): P= -UI，
In a source set, the current reference direction is directed out of the + polarity marking (or the first subscript) of the voltage.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
McGraw-Hill
1
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU
FU N DAM E 8.8 A source-free series RLC circuit
McGraw-Hill
5
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU
FU N DAM E NTALS O F
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Fig. 8.13 A source-free parallel RLC circuit
McGraw-Hill
7
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU
FU N DAM E NTALS O F
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Fig. 8.22 Parallel RLC circuit with an applied current
McGraw-Hill
9
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU
FU N DAM E NTALS O F
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Fig. 8.36 Schematic for the circuit in Fig. 8.35
McGraw-Hill
4
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU
FU N DAM E NTALS O F
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Fig. 8.9 c) underdamped response
McGraw-Hill
3
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU
FU N DAM E NTALS O F
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Fig. 8.9 b) critically damped response
McGraw-Hill
6
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU
FU N DAM E NTALS O F
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Fig. 8.18 Step voltage applied to a series RLC circuit
McGraw-Hill
13
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU
FU N DAM E NTALS O F
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Fig. 8.1 Typical examples of second-order circuits: a) series RLC circuit, b) parallel RLC circuit, c) RL circuit, d) RC circuit
McGraw-Hill
11
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU
FU N DAM E NTALS O F
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Fig. 8.48 For Example 8.15
McGraw-Hill
2
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU
FU N DAM E NTALS O F
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Fig. 8.9 a) overdamped response
McGraw-Hill
8
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU
FU N DAM E NTALS O F
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Fig. 8.35 For Example 8.12
McGraw-Hill
10
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU
FU N DAM E NTALS O F
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Fig. 8.37 For example 8.12: the input and output voltages
McGraw-Hill
12
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
CHARLES K. ALEXANDER MATTHEW N.O. SADIKU
FU N DAM E NTALS O F
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Fig 8.49 For example 8.15 a)construction of the dual circuit of Fig 8.48; b) dual circuit redrawn.