广告设计毕业文献翻译

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毕业设计外文翻译

毕业设计外文翻译Graduation design foreign translation (700 words)Title: The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous VehiclesIntroduction:With the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the application of AI in autonomous vehicles has become a hot topic. Autonomous vehicles, also known as self-driving cars, are vehicles that can operate without human intervention. The integration of AI enables these vehicles to analyze and respond to their surroundings, making them more efficient and safe on the road. This paper will discuss the application of AI in autonomous vehicles and its potential benefits.Application of AI in Autonomous Vehicles:1. Computer Vision:AI technology enables autonomous vehicles to perceive their surroundings using computer vision. Cameras are installed on the vehicle to capture real-time visual data, which is then analyzed by AI algorithms. Through computer vision, autonomous vehicles can identify objects such as pedestrians, traffic lights, and other vehicles. This allows the vehicle to make informed decisions and act accordingly. For example, if a pedestrian is crossing the road, the autonomous vehicle can detect the presence of the pedestrian and adjust its speed or trajectory to avoid collision.2. Machine Learning:Machine learning algorithms are used to train autonomous vehiclesto make decisions based on various scenarios. By analyzing large amounts of data, the AI system can learn patterns and make predictions. Machine learning is particularly useful in autonomous vehicles because it allows them to adapt to changing environments and make real-time decisions. For example, if a road is under construction, the AI system can learn to navigate through alternative routes based on previous data.3. Sensor Fusion:Autonomous vehicles are equipped with various sensors such as LiDAR, radar, and ultrasound, which provide them with information about their surroundings. AI technology allows these sensors to work together and fuse the data to get a comprehensive view of the environment. Sensor fusion enables autonomous vehicles to have a more accurate perception of their surroundings and make more precise decisions. For example, if there is an obstacle ahead, the AI system can use data from multiple sensors to accurately determine the distance and make the appropriate response.Benefits of AI in Autonomous Vehicles:1. Safety:One of the main benefits of AI in autonomous vehicles is the improvement in road safety. AI algorithms can analyze real-time data and make split-second decisions, which reduces the risk of human error. Autonomous vehicles equipped with AI technology can identify potential risks on the road and take appropriate actions to avoid accidents.2. Efficiency:AI in autonomous vehicles can optimize driving routes, reduce congestion, and improve overall traffic flow. By analyzing traffic patterns and historical data, AI algorithms can suggest the most efficient routes for a given destination. This not only saves time for passengers but also reduces fuel consumption and environmental impact.Conclusion:The application of AI in autonomous vehicles holds great promise for the future of transportation. By leveraging AI technology, autonomous vehicles can improve safety, efficiency, and overall driving experience. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as regulatory issues and public acceptance. Nonetheless, with further advancements in AI technology, autonomous vehicles are poised to revolutionize the way we commute and travel.。

植入式广告发展外文文献翻译最新译文

植入式广告发展外文文献翻译最新译文XXX。

XXX result。

advertisers have been exploring new methods。

such as product placement。

as a XXX。

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with its hidden and rich n。

has XXX.2 The Development of Implantable AdvertisingsProduct placement is a form of implantable advertising。

XXX of products or brands into the content of movies。

TV shows。

or other media。

This type of advertising is more subtle and less intrusive than nal advertising。

and it can create a more natural and seamless n een the product and the audience。

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increase product sales。

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and itmay not be effective for all types of products or brands.4 The Related n Effect of Implantable AdvertisingsXXX of the product or brand。

毕业设计论文中英文翻译要求

毕业设计论文中英文翻译要求Graduation Thesis Translation RequirementsEnglish translation of Graduation Thesis:1. Accuracy: The English translation of the Graduation Thesis should accurately reflect the content and meaning of the original Chinese text. It should convey the same ideas and arguments as presented in the original text.2. Clarity: The translation should be clear and easy to understand. The language used should be appropriate and the sentences should be well-structured.3. Grammar and Syntax: The translation should follow the rules of English grammar and syntax. There should be no grammatical errors or awkward sentence constructions.4. Vocabulary: The translation should make use of appropriate vocabulary that is relevant to the topic of the Graduation Thesis. Technical terms and concepts should be accurately translated.5. Style: The translation should maintain the academic style and tone of the original Chinese text. It should use formal language and avoid colloquial or informal expressions.6. References: If the Graduation Thesis includes citations or references, the English translation should accurately reflectthese citations and references. The formatting of citations and references should follow the appropriate style guide.7. Proofreading: The English translation should be thoroughly proofread to ensure there are no spelling or punctuation errors. It should also be reviewed for any inconsistencies or inaccuracies.Minimum word count: The English translation of the Graduation Thesis should be at least 1200 words. This requirement ensures that the translation adequately captures the main points and arguments of the original text.It is important to note that there may be specific guidelines or requirements provided by your academic institution or supervisor for the translation of your Graduation Thesis. Please consult these guidelines and follow them accordingly.。

毕业设计论文外文文献翻译

毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献翻译计算机科学与信息工程系系（院）2008 届题目企业即时通Instant Messaging for Enterprises课题类型技术开发课题来源自选学生姓名许帅专业班级 04计算机科学与技术指导老师王占中职称工程师完成日期：2008年4 月 6 日目录I NSTANT M ESSAGING FOR E NTERPRISE (1)1. Tips (1)2. Introduction (1)3. First things first (2)4.The While-Accept loop (4)5. Per-Thread class (6)6. The Client class (7)企业即时通 (9)1.提示 (9)2.简介 (9)3.首先第一件事 (10)4.监听循环 (11)5.单线程类 (13)6.用户端类 (14)Instant Messaging for Enterprise1. TipsIf Java is, in fact, yet another computer programming language, you may question why it is so important and why it is being promoted as a revolutionary step in computer programming. The answer isn’t immediately obvious if you’re coming from a tr aditional programming perspective. Although Java is very useful for solving traditional standalone programming problems, it is also important because it will solve programming problems on the World Wide Web. What is the Web?The Web can seem a bit of a mys tery at first, with all this talk of “surfing,”“presence,” and “home pages.” It’s helpful to step back and see what it really is, but to do this you must understand client/server systems, another aspect of computing that is full of confusing issues. The primary idea of a client/server system is that you have a central repository of information，some kind of data, often in a database。

中英文外文文献翻译广告植入与消费者品牌评价

本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译(此文档为word格式,下载后您可任意修改编辑!)标题：Fitting product placements: Affective fit and cognitive fit as determinants of consumer evaluations of placed brands作者：Brian Gillespie，Darrel Muehling，Ioannis Kareklas期刊：Journal of Business Research,第82卷，90-102页年份：2018原文Fitting product placements: Affective fit and cognitive fit as determinants of consumer evaluations of placed brands BrianGillespie，Darrel Muehling，Ioannis Kareklas AbstractDue to increased clutter and consumers' active avoidance of traditional media, marketers have sought alternative means to effectively reach their audiences. One such technique is the use of media-based product placements in narrative. This strategy is often problematic, however, as extant research demonstrates that when consumers are aware of blatant placements, their attitudes toward the placed product may become less, rather than more, favorable. In a series of studies, we develop and test a theoretically-based Product Placement Fit model that recognizes the importance of congruency between consumers' narrative consumption goals and the manner in which products are placed. Results indicate that when product placements are congruent with both the narrative's story structure (cognitive fit) and the affective tones elicited by the narrative (affective fit), more favorable brand attitudes are produced. Further, narrative enjoyment resulting from a product placement mediates the impact of product placement fit on consumers' brand evaluations. Keywords: Product placement, Promotions, Brand evaluations, Fit, Congruence, Narrative enjoyment 1. Introduction In an effort to heighten brand awareness and positively impact sales, marketers frequently overtly integrate their products within narratives (e.g., television and film) so that some attention is drawn to the placed product (Balasubramanian, Karrh,&Patwardhan, 2006; Poniewozik, 2001; Y oon, Choi, & Song, 2011). These narratives (which now also include literature, music, video games, and some forms of native advertising) are comprised of events, character interactions, and settings that lead consumers to a state of cognitive and affective processing (Escalas, 2004; Pennington & Hastie, 1986; Shank & Abelson, 1995). The attention drawn from blatant placement of products in narrative may come at a price, however, as extant literature generally suggests that increased consumer awareness of placed products may result in less favorable brand evaluations, due to consumer irritation and/or reluctance to be influenced by marketers' overt attempts to persuade (Cowley & Barron, 2008; Homer, 2009). Higher persuasion knowledge (Friestad & Wright, 1994) is more likely to be evoked by prominent placements (as opposed to more subtle placements) because they attract greater attention and are often easier to recognize as commercially driven (Wei, Fischer, & Main, 2008). As such, it would appear that marketers are faced with a dilemma often referred to as the “product placement paradox” (Ephron, 2003; Homer, 2009; Tiwsakul, Hackley, & Szmigin, 2005). If they place their products prominently (i.e., in more blatant ways), consumers will likely be aware of the placement, but may react negatively (Homer, 2009). If instead, they place their products in less overt (i.e., more subtle) ways, consumers may not even notice the placement, resulting in little if any measurable impact onconsumers' awareness and subsequent evaluations of the placed product (Homer, 2009; Matthes, Schemer, & Wirth, 2007). To address this marketplace conundrum, we introduce a theoretically-based conceptual model that recognizes and addresses the needs of both the consumer and the marketer from a product placement perspective. Our model (see Fig. 1) draws from a number of marketing and social psychological theories (to be discussed in greater detail in subsequent sections of the paper), and is based upon the assumption that individuals often consume narratives (e.g., watch television programs or movies, read books, etc.) for self-satisfying, gratification-based reasons (i.e., for enjoyment purposes) (Katz, Blumler, & Gurevitch, 1973). In considering this gratification-based goal of narrative consumption, we introduce and discuss two dimensions of product placements –“cognitive” fit and “affective” fit –which we believe to be key in driving the desired outcomes.Importantly, the focus of our investigation is on blatant product placements (where brands are placed in narratives in an overt manner) –placements that heretofore have generally been associated with adverse consumer responses. Drawing from relevant theoretical perspectives, we propose that when a product placement is properly aligned with both the narrative structure of the story (i.e., under conditions of high cognitive fit) and with the emotions the narrative elicits at the time of the product placement (i.e., high affective fit), consumers' narrative consumptiongoals (i.e., narrative enjoyment) may be more fully realized, leading to more favorable evaluations of the blatantly placed product. Before discussing the key components of our model further, we offer a brief review of relevant findings regarding product placement promotions, which are defined as the inclusion of branded products in entertainment media content with the intent to influence consumer attitudes and/or behavior (Russell, 2002). We then present and discuss three empirical studies that were undertaken to establish the viability of our proposed model relationships. Lastly, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our work, and offer suggestions for future research on this topic.2. Conceptual development2.1. BackgroundProduct placement, also sometimes called brand placement, refers to the integration of a logo, a brand name, or the inclusion of a product, or its packaging in entertainment media (Lehu, 2007). Product placement in narrative includes multiple media formats, including television programs (Russell, 2002), film (Homer, 2009), novels (Brennan, 2008), music (Ferguson & Burkhalter, 2015) and music videos (Burkhalter & Thornton, 2012) among others, and has been demonstrated to impact individuals' cognitive, affective, and conative responses toward placed products.Extant product placement studies using novels as the medium, for example, recognize that brand recall is enhanced when cognitive processing of the brand is enhanced (Brennan, 2008). Similarly, using music as the medium, Ferguson and Burkhalter (2015) recognize higher prominence brands featured in the chorus of a song are more easily recalled than subtly placed brands featured in the verse of a song. Contrary to the findings of most product placement studies, Ferguson and Burkhalter (2015) also find partial support for a positive impact of increased prominence on brand attitudes under congruent conditions. Specifically, congruent brands that fit within the genre and culture of the song (in this case, the brand Phat Farm in a hip-hop song), elicit more favorable brand evaluations when the song is prominently placed than when it is subtly placed.Lehu (2007) termed the commercial integration of brands within a variety of cultural vehicles (such as songs and novels), as “branded entertainment.” Indeed, product placements today play a vital role in the brand communication strategy (Hackley & Tiwsakul, 2006). This role has increased in importance with the proliferation of digital video recorders, which allow consumers to skip through commercials (Sung & de Gregorio, 2008). Some reports suggest that consumers using such technologies skip between 50% and 90% of all commercials (McCarthy, 2001). In response, and in light of the favorable cost-benefit ratio (Wasko,Phillips, & Purdie, 1993), brand managers have been increasingly relying on product placements, integrating their brands within a variety of narratives. In fact, the increasing use of product placements to integrate brands within narratives has led to the creation of two specialized trade organizations, the Branded Content Marketing Association, and the Entertainment Resources and Marketing Association (Sung & de Gregorio, 2008).2.2. Narrative consumption and product placement As alluded to above, research focusing primarily on television and film media suggests that the presence of product placement may result in increased perceptions of realism (Campbell, Mohr, & V erlegh, 2013; Gupta & Gould, 1997). For example, Nebenzahl and Secunda (1993) demonstrated that individuals recognize the natural role products play in narrative structure, and as such, generally believe that real products should be used more frequently than fictitious ones. Gupta and Gould (1997) extend this finding by recognizing that placements can contribute to narrative structure through this increased perceived realism of a story. And, as realism increases, so too may consumers' connectedness, recognized here as a perceived interactive relationship between the consumer and elements of a narrative (Russell & Puto, 1999).With increases in connectedness, individuals create personal connections and develop parasocial relationships with portrayedcharacters or other components of the narrative (Dias, Dias, & Lages, 2017; Eyal & Rubin, 2003). These parasocial relationships are illusionary interactions consumers may have with the media they consume, which often “transport” them to a world where interaction with characters takes place, as if they were involved in a real (as opposed to imaginary), reciprocal relationship. Importantly, research has shown that with personal connections, consumers are better able to remember brands placed within narratives, and imagine the portrayed characters as consumers of real products (Russell, Norman, & Heckler, 2004; Russell & Puto, 1999).Individuals are thought to construct mental “narrative transportation” models of meaning (Green & Brock, 2000), in an effort to more fully understand the story, settings, characters, and objects found within the narrative (Busselle & Bilandzic, 2009). Research further suggests that narrative processing and its subsequent effects on narrative transportation (Green & Brock, 2000) stimulates and may enhance self-brand connections (Escalas, 2004). Furthermore, consumers are believed to actively engage in narrative transportation processes that organize events, occurrences, and relationships between characters and narrative objects in an effort to satisfy their narrative consumption goals. Extant research that is relevant to our current investigation of product placements has focused on understanding how and why individuals select and ultimately consumenarratives. For example, mood management theory posits that consumption of media is influenced by one's desire to sustain or obtain a positive mood state (Zillmann, 1988). A common criticism of mood management theory, however, is that it implies that when choosing media for consumption, consumers would be less likely to select tragic programming, as tragedies are often melancholic, and therefore, would not help create or sustain a positive mood state. In response, Zillmann (1994) revisited the narrative consumption domain and offered the affective disposition theory. This theory accounts for the existence of more somber narratives by positing that individuals may choose to consume certain media based on judgments of characters in action and the positive consumer mood derived from observing the situational context of the characters (Zillmann, 1994). For example, consider a consumer viewing a program in which a liked character experiences a series of good fortune. In this case, the consumer will experience pleasure, and be able to sustain or obtain a positive mood state. A second example might consider a consumer selecting a narrative in which a disliked character experiences a series of misfortune (as is often the case of tragedy), then revels in the suffering of the disliked character. Zillmann (1994) argues that this experience will subsequently elicit pleasure, and again be able to sustain or obtain a positive mood state for the consumer.2.3. Product placement fitOur work is designed to extend the seminal work of Russell (2002), Gupta and Gould (1997), Nebenzahl and Secunda (1993), and others, by conceptualizing and empirically examining the relationship between key components of a product placement fit model. As such, we define product placement fit as the extent to which a product placement is consistent with the narrative story structure and affective tones of the narrative at the time of the placement. We expect two dimensions of product placement fit to be instrumental, one cognitive and the other affective in nature. We label these dimensions cognitive fit and affective fit, respectively, and posit that when product placements are high in both dimensions, the contribution of the product placement to the plot will lead consumers to experience greater narrative enjoyment, resulting in more favorable brand evaluations. In the sections that follow, we further describe the proposed dimensions of product placement fit, and advance our hypotheses. 3. Method: overview of studies We next present a series of empirical studies designed to examine the hypothesized relationships comprising our conceptual product placement fit model. In a Pilot Study, we develop and validate items to assess individuals' perceptions of cognitive fit and affective fit in a product placement context. In Study 1, we compare the predictive validity of measures of cognitive and affective fit against an established measure of plot connection (Russell, 2002). We expect that, if participants do indeed recognize the extent to which blatant productplacements may logically and emotionally fit within a narrative, then cognitive and affective fit respectively should be stronger predictors of changes in brand attitudes than considerations of plot connection alone. In Study 2, we continue our investigation of product placement fit by considering the interactive impact of cognitive fit and affective fit on brand evaluations. Using scenes from an experimenter-generated television pilot episode as our stimuli, we conclude our investigation in Study 3 with an examination of product placement-induced narrative enjoyment as the mechanism through which product placement fit impacts brand evaluations. 4. Pilot studyThe Pilot Study was conducted as a proof-of-concept for the cognitive and affective fit dimensions of product placement, using a literature (story-based) medium. Literature as a medium was selected for three reasons. First, the use of product placements in novels appears to be a growing trend in media (Hackley, 2014). Second, books/literature have been the focus of other product placement studies. And, third, using the literature medium allowed us to more effectively isolate our manipulations of cognitive and affective fit and maximize internal validity, in anticipation of using the measures in subsequent studies employing other media (television) formats. Results of these analyses provide evidence that both the cognitive and affective fit dimensions of the proposed product placement fit construct are measurable and can beexperimentally manipulated. Participants were able to recognize cognitive fit such that those who read narratives that featured a high-fit placement reported greater levels of perceived cognitive fit than participants who read a narrative that included a placement with low cognitive fit. Similarly, participants exposed to a product placement with the same affective tones as the narrative they read reported greater perceptions of affective fit than participants who were exposed to a product placement with incongruent affective tones.译文合适的产品广告植入：影响了消费者对品牌的评价Brian Gillespie，Darrel Muehling，Ioannis Kareklas 摘要由于消费市场杂乱无章以及消费者主动回避传统媒体，营销人员正寻求其他手段来有效地将广告信息传达给观众。

毕业设计文献翻译

毕业设计文献翻译篇一：毕业设计外文文献翻译毕业设计文文献翻译专业学生姓名班级学号指导教师优集学院外外文资料名称： Knowledge-Based Engineeri- -ng Design Methodology外文资料出处：附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文基于知识工程(KBE)设计方法D. E. CALKINS1. 背景复杂系统的发展需要很多工程和管理方面的知识、决策，它要满足很多竞争性的要求。

设计被认为是决定产品最终形态、成本、可靠性、市场接受程度的首要因素。

高级别的工程设计和分析过程(概念设计阶段)特别重要，因为大多数的生命周期成本和整体系统的质量都在这个阶段。

产品成本的压缩最可能发生在产品设计的最初阶段。

整个生命周期阶段大约百分之七十的成本花费在概念设计阶段结束时，缩短设计周期的关键是缩短概念设计阶段，这样同时也减少了工程的重新设计工作量。

工程权衡过程中采用良好的估计和非正式的启发进行概念设计。

传统CAD工具对概念设计阶段的支持非常有限。

有必要，进行涉及多个学科的交流合作来快速进行设计分析(包括性能，成本，可靠性等)。

最后，必须能够管理大量的特定领域的知识。

解决方案是在概念设计阶段包含进更过资源，通过消除重新设计来缩短整个产品的时间。

所有这些因素都主张采取综合设计工具和环境，以在早期的综合设计阶段提供帮助。

这种集成设计工具能够使由不同学科的工程师、设计者在面对复杂的需求和约束时能够对设计意图达成共识。

那个设计工具可以让设计团队研究在更高级别上的更多配置细节。

问题就是架构一个设计工具，以满足所有这些要求。

2. 虚拟(数字)原型模型现在需要是一种代表产品设计为得到一将允许一产品的早发展和评价的真实事实上原型的过程的方式。

虚拟样机将取代传统的物理样机，并允许设计工程师，研究“假设”的情况，同时反复更新他们的设计。

真正的虚拟原型，不仅代表形状和形式，即几何形状，它也代表如重量，材料，性能和制造工艺的非几何属性。

毕业设计外文文献翻译【范本模板】

毕业设计（论文)外文资料翻译系别：专业：班级:姓名：学号:外文出处:附件： 1. 原文; 2。

译文2013年03月附件一：A Rapidly Deployable Manipulator SystemChristiaan J。

J。

Paredis, H. Benjamin Brown，Pradeep K. KhoslaAbstract:A rapidly deployable manipulator system combines the flexibility of reconfigurable modular hardware with modular programming tools，allowing the user to rapidly create a manipulator which is custom-tailored for a given task. This article describes two main aspects of such a system，namely，the Reconfigurable Modular Manipulator System （RMMS)hardware and the corresponding control software。

1 IntroductionRobot manipulators can be easily reprogrammed to perform different tasks, yet the range of tasks that can be performed by a manipulator is limited by mechanicalstructure。

Forexample，a manipulator well-suited for precise movement across the top of a table would probably no be capable of lifting heavy objects in the vertical direction. Therefore，to perform a given task,one needs to choose a manipulator with an appropriate mechanical structure.We propose the concept of a rapidly deployable manipulator system to address the above mentioned shortcomings of fixed configuration manipulators。

_毕业设计外文文献及翻译_

_毕业设计外文文献及翻译_Graduation Thesis Foreign Literature Review and Chinese Translation1. Title: "The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Society"Abstract:人工智能对社会的影响摘要：人工智能技术的快速发展引发了关于其对社会影响的讨论。

本文探讨了人工智能正在重塑不同行业（包括医疗保健、交通运输和教育）的各种方式。

还讨论了AI实施的潜在益处和挑战，以及伦理考量。

总体而言，本文旨在提供对人工智能对社会影响的全面概述。

2. Title: "The Future of Work: Automation and Job Displacement"Abstract:With the rise of automation technologies, there is growing concern about the potential displacement of workers in various industries. This paper examines the trends in automation and its impact on jobs, as well as the implications for workforce development and retraining programs. The ethical and social implications of automation are also discussed, along with potential strategies for mitigating job displacement effects.工作的未来：自动化和失业摘要：随着自动化技术的兴起，人们越来越担心各行业工人可能被替代的问题。

(完整版)2012毕业设计外文文献翻译

毕业设计外文资料翻译题目POLISHING OF CERAMIC TILES抛光瓷砖学院材料科学与工程专业复合材料与工程班级复材0802学生窦文杰学号指导教师邵明梁二〇一二年三月二十八日MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES, 17(3), 401–413(2002)POLISHING OF CERAMIC TILESC. Y. Wang,* X. Wei, and H. YuanInstitute of Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong University ofTechnology, Guangzhou P.R. ChinaABSTRACTGrinding and polishing are important steps in the production of decorative vitreous ceramic tiles. Different combinations of finishing wheels and polishing wheels are tested to optimize their selection. The results show that the surface glossiness depends not only on the surface quality before machining, but also on the characteristics of the ceramic tiles as well as the performance of grinding and polishing wheels. The performance of the polishing wheel is the key for a good final surface quality. The surface glossiness after finishing must be above 208 in order to get of grinding and polishing wheels for all the steps will achieve shortermachining times and better surface quality. No obvious relationships are found between the decoration material for floorsand walls ofmaterial than general vitreous ceramic tiles as they can*Corresponding author. E-mail:401Copyright q 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.different colors. Gr inding and polishing of ceramic tiles play an important role in the surface quality, cost, and productivity of c e r a m i c t i l e s manufactured for decoration. The grinding and polishing of ceramic tiles a r e carried out in one pass through polishing production line with many d i f f e r e n t grinding wheels or by multi passes on a polishing machine, where different grinding wheels are used.Most factories utilize the grinding methods similar to those used for s t o n e machining although the machining of stone is different from that of c e r a m i c t i l e s. Vitreous ceramic tiles are thin, usually 5–8mm in thickness, and are a s i n t e r e d m a t e r i a l,w h i c h p o s s e s s g e n e r a l,t h e sintering process causes surface deformation in the tiles. In themachiningp r o c e s s,t h e ceramic tiles are unfixed and put on tables. These characteristics will cause e a s y breakage and lower surface quality if grinding wheel or grinding p a r a m e t e r s a r e unsuitable. To meet the needs of ceramic tiles machining, the machinery, g r i n d i n g parameters (pressure, feed speed, etc.), and grinding wheels (type and m e s h s i z e o f abrasive, bond, structure of grinding wheel, etc.) must be optimized. Previous works reported in the field of grinding ceramic and s t o n e[1–4].O n l y a f e w r e p o r t s grooves, craters (pores), and cracks are of major concern, which depends o n t h e micro-structure of the ceramic tile, the choice of grinding wheel and p r o c e s s i n g parameters, etc. The residual cracks generated during sintering and rough g r i n d i n g processes, as well as thermal impact cracks caused by the transformation o f q u a r t z crystalline phases are the main reasons of tile breakage during processing. S u r f a c e roughness Ra and glossiness are different measurements of the surface q u a l i t y.I t i s suggested that the surface roughness can be used to control the surfaceq u a l i t y o f rough grinding and semi-finish grinding processes, and the surface g l o s s i n e s s t o assess the quality of finishing and polishing processes. The characteristics o f t h e grinding wheels, abrasive mesh size for the different machining steps, m a c h i n i n g time, pressure, feed, and removing traces of grinding wheels will affect the processing of ceramic tiles[9].In this paper, based on the study of grinding mechanisms of ceramic tiles, t h e manufacturing of grinding wheels is discussed. The actions and o p t i m i z a t i o n o f grinding and polishing wheels for each step are studied in particular for m a n u a l p o l i s h i n g machines.GRINDING AND POLISHING WHEELS FOR CERAMICTILEMACHININGThe machining of ceramic tiles is a volume-production process that uses significant numbers of grinding wheels. The grinding and polishing wheels for ceramic tile machining are different from those for metals or structural ceramics. In this part, some results about grinding and polishing wheels are introduced for better understanding of the processing of ceramic tiles.Grinding and Polishing WheelsCeramic tiles machining in a manual-polishing machine can be divided into four steps—each using different grinding wheels. Grinding wheels are marked as 2#, 3#, and 4# grinding wheels, and 0# polishing wheel; in practice, 2# and 3# grinding wheels are used for flattening uneven surfaces. Basic requirements of rough grinding wheels are long life, order to increase the performance such a s e l a s t i c i t y,e t c.,o f t h e g r i n d i n g wheel, the bakelite is always added. The 4# grinding wheels must be able to r a p i d l y eliminate all cutting grooves and increase the surface glossiness of the c e r a m i c t i l e s. The 0# polishing wheel is used for obtaining final surface glossiness, which is made of fine Al2O3 abrasives and fill. It is bonded by unsaturated resin. T h e polishing wheels must be able to increase surface glossiness quickly and m a k e t h e glossy ceramic tile surface permanent.Manufacturing of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement GrindingWheelsAfter the abrasives, the fills and the bond MOC are mixed and poured into the models for grinding wheels, where the chemical reaction of MOC will solidify the shape of the grinding wheels. The reaction will stop after 30 days but the of fill w i l l a f f e c t t h e i r g r i n d i n g a b i l i t y.A l l t h e factors related to the chemical reaction of MOC, such as the mole ratio ofMgOMgCl2, the specific gravity of MgCl2, the temperature and MOC is used a s t h e b o n d f o r t h e g r i n d i n g w h e e l s,r e a c t i o n takes place between active MgO and MgCl2, which generates a product w i t h s t a b l e p e r f o r m a n c e i s f o r m e d.T h e b o n d i s composed of 5Mg e OH T2·e MgCl2T·8H2O and 3Mg e OH T2·e MgCl2T·8H2O: A s t h e former is more stable, optimization of the mole ratio of MgOMgCl2 to p r o d u c e more 5Mg e OH T2·e MgCl2T·8H2O is required. In general, the ideal range f o r t h e mole ratio of MgOMgCl2 is 4–6. When the contents of the active MgO and MgCl2 are known, the quantified MgO and MgCl2 can be calculated.Active MgOThe content of active MgO must be controlled carefully so thatr e a c t i o n c a n b e s u c c e s s f u l l y c o m p l e t e d w i t h m o r e 5M g e O H T2·e M g C l2T·8H2O:I f the content of active MgO is too reaction time will be too short with a large reaction cause generation of cracks in the grinding wheel. O n t h e contrary, if the content of active MgO is too low, the reaction does not go to completion and the strength of the grinding wheel is decreased.Fills and AdditivesThe fills and additives play an important role in grinding wheels. Some porous fills must be added to 2# and 3# grinding wheels in order to improve thecapacity to contain the grinding chips, and ensure the strength of grinding wheels in processing under water condition. Some fills are very effective in increasing the surface quality of ceramic tile, but the principle is not clear.Manufacturing of Polishing WheelsFine Al2O3 and some soft polishing materials, such as Fe2O3, Cr2O3, etc., are mixed together with fills. Unsaturated resin is used to bond these powders, where a chemical reaction takes place between the resin and the activator. The performance of polishing wheels depends on the properties of resin and the composition of the polishing wheel. In order to contain the fine chips, which are generated by micro-cutting, some cheap soluble salt can be fed into the coolant. On the surface of the polishing wheel, the salt will leave uniform pores, which not only increase the capacity to contain chips and self-sharpening of the polishing wheel, but also improves the contact situation between polishing wheel andceramic tiles.Experimental ProcedureTests were carried out in a special manual grinding machine for ceramic tiles. Two grinding wheels were fixed in the grinding disc that was equipped to the grinding machine. The diameter of grinding disc was 255 mm. The rotating speed of the grinding disc was 580 rpm. The grinding and polishing wheels are isosceles trapezoid with surface area 31.5 cm2 (the upper edge: 2 cm, base edge: 5 cm, the flatness and edge of the ceramic tiles, at least one third of the tile must be under the grinding disc. During the grinding process, sufficient water was poured to both cool and wash the grinding wheels and the tiles. Four kinds of vitreous ceramic tiles were examined, as shown in Table 1.Two different sizes of ceramic A, A400 (size: 400 ￡400 ￡5mm3T and A500 (size: 500 ￡500 ￡5mm3T were tested to understand the effect of the tile size.Forceramic tile B or C, the size was 500 ￡500 ￡5mm3: The phase composition of t h e tiles was determined by x-ray diffraction technique. Surface reflection glossiness and surface roughness of the ceramic tiles and the wear of grinding wheels were m e a s u r e d. T h e g r i n d i n g a n d p o l i s h i n g w h e e l s w e r e m a d e i n-o f t h e3# grinding wheels were tested. The ceramic tile was marked as A500-1 (or B500-1, C500-1, A400-1) with of fills and additives. Only in 4#B, a few Al2O3, barium sulfate, and magnesium stearate were added for of the polishing wheels 0#A and 0#B were different as well. In 0#B, a few white alundum (average diameter 1mm), barium sulfate, and chrome oxide were used as polishing additives, specially. After ground by 4#A (or 4#B) grinding wheel, the ceramic tiles were polished with 0#A (or 0#B). The processing combinations with 4# grinding wheels and 0#Table 1. Properties of Ceramic Tilespolishing wheels were marked as 4#A–0#A, 4#A–0#B, 4#B–0#A, 4#B–0#B for eachceramic tile.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSEffects of 2# and 3# Grinding WheelsSurface QualityIn rough grinding with a 2# grinding wheel, the surface roughness for all the tiles asymptotically decreases as the grinding time increases, see Fig. 1. The initial asymptote point of this curve represents the optimized rough grinding time, as continued grinding essentially the surface roughness. In these tests, the surface roughness curves decrease with grinding time and become smooth at ,120 sec. The final surface quality for different kinds of ceramic tiles is slightly different. In terms of the initial size of the tile, the surface roughness of ceramic tile A400 e ￡400 ￡5mm3T is lower than that of A500 e500 ￡500 ￡5mm3T: The surface roughness of ceramic tile B500 rapidly drops as the grinding time i n c r e a s e s. Thus, it is easier to remove surface material from the the 3# grinding wheel step, all craters and cracks on the surface of ceramic tiles caused by the 2# grinding wheel must be removed. If residual cracks and craters exist, it will be impossible to get a the next step. The surface roughness obtained by the 2# grinding wheelwill also affect the surfaceFigure 1. Surface roughness of several ceramic tiles as a function of grinding time for 2# grindingwheel.quality of next grinding step by the 3# grinding wheel. In Fig. 2, the actions of the 3# grinding wheels are given using the ceramic tiles with different initial R a, which were ground by the 2# grinding wheel for 180 sec. The curves of surface vs. grinding time rapidly decrease in 60 sec. Asymptotic behavior essentially becomes constant after 60 sec. In general, the larger the initial surface roughness, the worse the final surface roughness. For example, for ceramic tile B500-1, the initial R a was 1.53mm, the finial R a was 0.59mm after being ground by the 3# grinding wheel. When the initial R a was 2.06mm for ceramic tile B500-2, the finial R a was 0.67m m. In Ref. [8], we studied the relations between abrasive mesh size and evaluation indices of surface quality, such as surface roughness and surface glossiness. In rough grinding, the ground surface of ceramic tile shows fracture craters. These craters scatter the light, so that the surface glossiness values are almost constantat a low level. It is difficult to improve the surface glossiness after these steps. Figure 3 shows the slow increase in surface glossiness with time by means of the 3# grinding wheel. It can be seen that the glossiness of ceramic tile B500-1 is the that of A500-1 because the effective grinding times per unit area for former is longer than for latter. These trends are similar to those for surface r o u g h n e s s i nFig. 2.Wear of Grinding WheelsThe wear of grinding wheels is one of the factors controlling the machining cost.As shown in Fig. 4, the wear of grinding wheels is proportional to grindingFigure 2. Surface roughness of several ceramic tiles as a function of grinding time for 3# grindingwheel.Figure 3. Surface glossiness of several ceramic tiles as a function of grinding time by 3# grindingwheel.time for both the grinding wheels and the three types of ceramic tiles. The wear rate of the 3# grinding wheel is larger than the 2# grinding wheel. It implies that the wear resistance of the 3# grinding wheel is not as good as 2# for constant grinding time of 180 sec. When the slope of the curve is smaller, life of the grinding wheels will be longer. Comparison of the ceramic tiles Fig. 4 does not reveal a strong dependency. Therefore, the of grinding time for 2# and3# grinding wheels.initial surface roughness of ceramic tile will affect the wear of grinding wheel. In Fig. 4, the wear of the 3# grinding wheel for ceramic tile B500-1 is smaller than that for ceramic tile B500-2. The initial surface roughness of the latter is that of the former so that additional grinding time is required to remove the deeper residual craters on the surface. Improvement of the initial surface roughness can be the principal method for obtaining better grinding quality and grinding wheellife during rough grinding.Effects of 4# Grinding Wheels and 0# Polishing WheelsSurface QualityThe combination and the performance of 4# grinding and 0# polishing wheels show different results for each ceramic tile. The grinding quality vs. grinding (polishing) time curves are presented in Fig. 5, where all the ceramic tiles were previously ground by 2# and 3# grinding wheels to the same surface quality.The surface glossiness is used to assess surface quality because the surface roughness is nearly constant as finishing or polishing time increases[8]. In this test, the ceramic tile A400 were fast ground by 4#A and 4#B grinding wheels [Fig. 5(a)]. The surface glossiness increased rapidly during the initial 90 sec and then slowly increased. The surface glossiness by grinding wheel 4#B is by 4#A. Afterwards, polishing was done by four different combinations of finishing wheel and polishing wheel. By means of polishing wheels 0#A and 0#B, we processed the surface finished by 4#A grinding wheel (described as 4#A–0#A and 4#A–0#B in F i g.5),a n d t h e s u r f a c e f i n i s h e d b y4#B g r i n d i n g w h e e l (described as 4#B–0#A and 4#B–0#B in Fig. 5). The curves of surface glossiness vs.polishing time show parabolic behavior. After 60 sec of polishing, the surface glossiness reaches to ,508, then slowly increases. The polishing wheel 0#B gives abetter surface quality than 0#A.In Fig. 5(a), the maximum surface glossiness of ceramic tile A400 is about ,75 by 4#B–0#B. The relation between initial surface glossiness and the final surface quality is not strong. The effect of pre-polishing surface glossiness can be observed by 0#B polishing wheel as polishing ceramic tile A500 [Fig. 5(b)]. Themaximum surface glossiness that can be achieved is 748 in 240 sec by 4#A–0#B or 4#B–0#B. This value is lower than that of ceramic tile A400 [Fig. 5(a)].The final surface glossiness by 4#A grinding wheel is in Fig. 5(c), but the final polishing roughness is the same when 0#A polishing wheel is used. The better performance of 0#B polishing wheel is shown because the surface glossiness can increase from 17 to 228 in 30 sec. The maximum surface glossiness is 658 by 4#B–0#B. The curves of polishing time vs. surface glossiness in Fig. 5(d) present the same results as polishing of ceramic tile B500 [Fig. 5(c)]. With 0#A polishingFigure 5. Surface glossiness for ceramic tiles (a) A400, (b) A500, (c) B500, and (d) C500 as a function of grinding (polishing) time for 4# grinding wheels and 0# polishing wheels. wheel, the action of pre-polishing surface glossiness is significant. The best value of surface glossiness in 240 sec is 708 by 4#B–0#B as polishing ceramic tile C500. The results discussed earlier describe that the surface glossiness by 0# polishing wheel will depend not only on the pre-polishing surface glossiness formed by 4# grinding wheel, but also on the characteristics of the ceramic tiles and theperformance of 0# polishing wheel. The differences of initial surface glossinessand final surface glossiness are larger for 4#A and 4#B. If the prepolishing surface roughness is lower, the final surface glossiness will be to achieve the maximum surface glossiness will be also shorter. The initial surface quality will limit the maximum value of polishing surface glossiness that can be obtained. To reach a final surface glossiness of above 608, the minimum pre-polishing surface glossiness must be above 208.The performance of the polishing wheel is the key to good surface quality. The polishing ability of the polishing wheels depends on the properties of the ceramic tiles as well. Even if the same grinding and polishing wheels are used, on all four ceramic tiles, the maximum surface glossiness values of ceramic tiles are different. The ceramic tile A500 shows the best surface glossiness, and ceramictile B500 shows the worst, although it is easier to roughly grind ceramic tile B500. The peak value of the surface glossiness is also limited by the properties ofceramic tiles.Wear of Grinding and Polishing WheelsThe life of 4# grinding wheels and 0# polishing wheels (Fig. 6) are longer than those of the rough grinding wheels (Fig. 4). For finer grinding (Fig. 6), it is impossible to distinguish the relation between grinding wheels and ceramic tiles. Polishing wheels than removal.SUMMARY OF RESULTS(1) The performance of grinding and polishing wheels will affect its life and the surface quality of ceramic tiles.(2) In ceramic tile machining, the surface quality gained in the previous step will limit the final surface quality in the next step. The surface glossiness ofpre-polishing must be 208 in order to get the of the combination of grinding wheels and polishing wheels for all the steps will shorten machining time and improve surface quality. Optimization must be determined for each ceramics tiles.Figure 6. Wear of grinding wheels 4# and polishing wheels 0# for several ceramic tiles as afunction of grinding time.(3) The effect of of Guangdong Province and ScienceFoundation of Guangdong High Education for their financial support.REFERENCES1. Wang, C.Y.; Liu, P.D.; Chen, P.Y. Grinding Mechanism of Marble. AbrasivesGrinding 1987, 2 (38), 6–10, (in Chinese).2. Inasaki, I. Grinding of Hard and Brittle Materials. Annals of the CIRP 1987, 36 (2),463–471.3. Zhang, B.; Howes, D. Material Removal Mechanisms in Grinding Ceramics. Annalsof the CIRP 1994, 45 (1), 263–266.4. Malkin, S.; Hwang, T.W. Grinding Mechanism for Ceramics. Annals of the CIRP1996, 46 (2), 569–580.5. Black, I. Laser Cutting Decorative Glass, Ceramic Tile. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 1998,77 (9), 53–57.6. Black, I.; Livingstone, S.A.J.; Chua, K.L. A Laser Beam Machining (LBM) Databasefor the Cutting of Ceramic Tile. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 1998, 84 (1–3), 47–55. 7. Jiang, D.F. Mirror Surface Polishing of Ceramic Tile. New Building Mater. 1994, 20(11), 27–30, (in Chinese).8. Ma, J.F. Analysis on Man-Made Floor Brick and Manufacture of Grinding SegmentUsed for Floor Brick. Diamond Abrasive Eng. 1996, 6 (95), 35–46, (in Chinese). 9. Wang, C.Y.; Wei, X.; Yuan, H. Grinding Mechanism of Vitreous Ceramic Tile. Chin.J. Mech. Eng. 1998, 9 (8), 9–11, 46 (in Chinese).材料与制造工艺17(3), 401–413 (2002)抛光瓷砖王CY,* 魏X, 袁H制造技术研究所，广东工业大学科技，广州510090，中国P.R.摘要研磨和抛光，是装饰玻璃陶瓷砖的生产中的重要步骤。

动画设计电视广告中英文外文翻译文献

中英文翻译原文：Ads and PSAs⑴Copywriting for Visual MediaBefore television, there was radio advertising and film advertising in movie houses.You still see local ads in some movie theatres before the program starts. So the principle of selling time between programming for commercial messages grew up with the visual media. A format that is probably unique to television was developed to deliver short visual commercial messages very efficiently and effectively in breaks between programs. The air time was sold to advertisers to generate the operating revenue and profit for the television companies.Television provides access to the majority of homes and, therefore, to the largest audience. Before television, few people had dealt with the pressure to communicate product or commercial information in a rapid, attention-getting way that television needs. It was, and still is, very expensive to buy air time. Because television is the most expensiveadvertising medium, it has driven the writers and producers of commercials to refine their techniques so as to deliver a complete message in a small amount of time. The cost of this time far exceeds the production cost of making the message itself.The short ad has become a kind of twentieth-century art form with a constantly evolving style. It has attracted much writing and directing talent from around the world, drawn partly by the money they can make and partly by the opportunity to graduate to longer forms. Ads are special because they are so short—usually under a minute. Everyone has seen them, which is not so true for some other formats.Almost all television viewers have seen public service announcements (PSAs),which are messages that are broadcast for the public good. PSAs are sometimes paid for by sponsoring organizations, but they are usually furnished to broadcasters to fill any empty spots in the commercial break. This is one way in which television stations help the community to which they broadcast and fulfill an obligation of their FCC license to broadcast over public air waves. Of course, PSAs usually run late at night or in other less commercially desirable time slots. Not everyone can write a feature film script, but anyone can write a 30- or 60-second PSA, so it is a good place to start.⑵Copywriting Versus ScriptwritingLet us distinguish between copywriting and scriptwriting.Copywriting includes print and media writing. National advertising campaigns on television are devised and produced by advertising agencies retained by the client company. Learning about this kind of writing and the business of advertising and public relations usually takes place in a specific track and specialized courses in communications studies.Although visual writing is involved in some kinds of copywriting, there are so many other issues involved in copywriting that it is better to leave those dedicated issues aside and deal with visual writing that happens to be part of copywriting.However, small markets in the broadcasting world serve local clients who cannot afford an advertising agency. Somebody has to write these ads for the station’s clients. It could be a staff member, part of a unit that sells the s tation’s time, or it could be a freelance writer paid by the station to do this writing work when needed, or a local ad agency. We need to keep in mind that these kinds of local ads are made on small budgets, sometimes at cost, by the station selling the air time because their profit comes from selling that air time. They often have spare production capacity—a studio, cameras, a camera crew, and an editing facility. This means that the ad must be written for that budget range without slick effects or expensive graphics, without travel to expensive locations, and without expensive talent. It brings us back to the perennial challenge that every scriptwriter faces:to write creatively and invent original visualswithin a tight budget framework. The same holds true for local PSAs, sponsored by organizations with no budget to spend on production.PSAs are an excellent training ground for student scriptwriters. They are short and complete TV playlets. They require all the disciplines of scriptwriting. You can easily settle on a public service issue such as smoking, domestic violence, education,drugs, or racism. You know the issues. You can test your creative imagination. If you have a related production course going on, you might be able to produce your PSA. You can also take a familiar product and try to devise a TV spot for it.However, a lot of ads rely on specialized production companies to get pack shots or create computer-generated effects that might be difficult to duplicate in a college production setup.⑶Client Needs and PrioritiesThe PSA and the TV ad are works commissioned by a client. The client needs a solution to a communication problem that the writer must provide. We alluded to this discipline of the professional writer in Chapters 3 and 4. You write for someone or rather someone who represents the interests of an organization or a corporation. Later we will look more closely at another kind of writing for a producer of entertainment films or programs. The entertainment script is different from commissioned works because neither the producer nor the writercan know for sure what a good script is until it is produced, shown to an audience, and validated by box office or audience ratings. Commissioned programming doesn’t have an audience measurement expres sed in terms of box office revenue. Successful communication can only be measured by quantifying audience responses as changes in sales or behavior.Advertisers expect to measure the effect of an ad in increased sales. Otherwise,there is no business sense in spending money on it. A PSA often aims to change people’s behavior. It is much more difficult to garner information that positively proves the effectiveness of the PSA. Changes in behavior are much more difficult to achieve than changes in the buying choices of the public.Writing for clients is often challenging and exciting precisely because you have a problem, know the desired result, and have to devise a solution. The seven-step method of Chapter 4 is an excellent way to approach these assignments. The process of analysis is really important for writing PSAs. Although you do not now have a client, you must practice writing as if you had a client to satisfy. Your creative ideas must do the job. One of the constraints of this kind of writing is that the length is fixed by the client. Because the resulting product is transmitted in commercial breaks, its length must be exact to the second, as that is how airtime is bought and sold.⑷The 20-, 30-, and 60-Second PlayletsAds in the form of 20- or 30-second playlets are almost a new art form. They are a popular art form born of the television age and the need to compress visual messages into very short, very expensive time slots. The style and tempo of these ads continues to evolve at a furious rate. The style of camera work, directing, and editing is quite specialized. Some companies produce nothing but TV commercials just as some directors spend their whole careers making these mini-movies. From their ranks have come a number of feature film directors such as Ridley Scott, Hugh Hudson, and Alan Parker.Some TV commercials for national campaigns of major brands, based on millions of dollars worth of air time, have very high budgets. With bigger budgets than half-hour documentaries and budgets as big as a television half-hour episode, these productions are made on 35mm film with production crews that sometimes rival those for a feature film. The local market spot for a car dealer or furniture store,however, is often cheap, down and dirty. Clearly the national campaigns are developed by advertising agencies whose copywriters develop the ads in collaboration with creative directors, art directors, and account executives. The copywriter is not a full range scriptwriter and also usually has to write print media ads. Although this book primarily serves the interests of scriptwriters, the visual thinking that underlies billboards and transportads relates to both copywriting and scriptwriting.⑸Devices to Capture Audience AttentionMost of you have engaged in the subtle war between the viewer and the television advertiser. Hands up everyone who has hit the mute button during the ads, or gone to the bathroom, or gone to the fridge, or made a telephone call during the commercial break! This nullifies the advertiser’s effort and expense. Sometimes,either by accident or by choice, we find TV commercials entertaining or fun to watch. The challenge is clear. The advertiser has a lot of resistance to overcome.Now you are on the other side of the box. You have to be creative an d capture the audience’s attention in spite of itself so that it pays attention to your message.Your device has to work for others. Measured by your own viewing behavior, no audience will give you any quarter. You live or die in seconds.What are some of the ways you have noticed writers of these mini-scripts hooking the audience so that it will pay attention to the message? You can recognize definite strategies such as humor, shock, suspense, mini-dramas, testimonials, special graphi c effects, music, and, of course, sexuality. These strategies are more elaborately developed in commercial advertising because for-profit companies have the dollars to spend on high-end production values. PSAs cannot command the same resources. They are made on lower budgets or created through the probono work of advertising agencies and production personnel. Working with a low budget is a creative challenge. Production dollars don’t automatically buy creative and effective communication. Some of the most ingenious PSAs are cheap but effective.Consider how a PSA about a public issue such as gambling works. In this case, the Massachusetts Council on Compulsive Gambling needs to communicate to a population that suffers the destructive consequences of this kind of addictive behavior.How do you solve the communication problem? Let’s apply the seven-step method we learned in Chapter 4. Anthony FriedmannAcquisitions Editor: Amy JollymoreProject Manager: Andrew TherriaultAssistant Editor: Cara AndersonMarketing Manager: Christine Degon-VeroulisCover Designer: Cate BarrFocal Press is an imprint of Elsevier英文翻译：广告和公益广告⑴文案的视觉媒体在电视出现以前，我们可以在收音机里听到广播形式的广告和在电影院里观看电影时在影片开始播放之前一些广告。

毕业设计外文文献翻译

毕业设计外文文献翻译Graduation Design Foreign Literature Translation (700 words) Title: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Job Market Introduction:Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to revolutionize various industries and job markets. With advancements in technologies such as machine learning and natural language processing, AI has become capable of performing tasks traditionally done by humans. This has raised concerns about the future of jobs and the impact AI will have on the job market. This literature review aims to explore the implications of AI on employment and job opportunities.AI in the Workplace:AI technologies are increasingly being integrated into the workplace, with the aim of automating routine and repetitive tasks. For example, automated chatbots are being used to handle customer service queries, while machine learning algorithms are being employed to analyze large data sets. This has resulted in increased efficiency and productivity in many industries. However, it has also led to concerns about job displacement and unemployment.Job Displacement:The rise of AI has raised concerns about job displacement, as AI technologies are becoming increasingly capable of performing tasks previously done by humans. For example, automated machines can now perform complex surgeries with greaterprecision than human surgeons. This has led to fears that certain jobs will become obsolete, leading to unemployment for those who were previously employed in these industries.New Job Opportunities:While AI might potentially replace certain jobs, it also creates new job opportunities. As AI technologies continue to evolve, there will be a greater demand for individuals with technical skills in AI development and programming. Additionally, jobs that require human interaction and emotional intelligence, such as social work or counseling, may become even more in demand, as they cannot be easily automated.Job Transformation:Another potential impact of AI on the job market is job transformation. AI technologies can augment human abilities rather than replacing them entirely. For example, AI-powered tools can assist professionals in making decisions, augmenting their expertise and productivity. This may result in changes in job roles and the need for individuals to adapt their skills to work alongside AI technologies.Conclusion:The impact of AI on the job market is still being studied and debated. While AI has the potential to automate certain tasks and potentially lead to job displacement, it also presents opportunities for new jobs and job transformation. It is essential for individuals and organizations to adapt and acquire the necessary skills to navigate these changes in order to stay competitive in the evolvingjob market. Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of AI on employment and job opportunities.。

毕业设计英文翻译(原文)

编号：毕业设计(论文)外文翻译（原文）院（系）：桂林电子科技大学专业：电子信息工程学生姓名： xx学号： xxxxxxxxxxxxx 指导教师单位：桂林电子科技大学姓名： xxxx职称： xx2014年x月xx日Timing on and off power supplyusesThe switching power supply products are widely used in industrial automation and control, military equipment, scientific equipment, LED lighting, industrial equipment,communications equipment,electrical equipment,instrumentation, medical equipment, semiconductor cooling and heating, air purifiers, electronic refrigerator, LCD monitor, LED lighting, communications equipment, audio-visual products, security, computer chassis, digital products and equipment and other fields.IntroductionWith the rapid development of power electronics technology, power electronics equipment and people's work, the relationship of life become increasingly close, and electronic equipment without reliable power, into the 1980s, computer power and the full realization of the switching power supply, the first to complete the computer Power new generation to enter the switching power supply in the 1990s have entered into a variety of electronic, electrical devices, program-controlled switchboards, communications, electronic testing equipment power control equipment, power supply, etc. have been widely used in switching power supply, but also to promote the rapid development of the switching power supply technology .Switching power supply is the use of modern power electronics technology to control the ratio of the switching transistor to turn on and off to maintain a stable output voltage power supply, switching power supply is generally controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) ICs and switching devices (MOSFET, BJT) composition. Switching power supply and linear power compared to both the cost and growth with the increase of output power, but the two different growth rates. A power point, linear power supply costs, but higher than the switching power supply. With the development of power electronics technology and innovation, making the switching power supply technology to continue to innovate, the turning points of this cost is increasingly move to the low output power side, the switching power supply provides a broad space for development.The direction of its development is the high-frequency switching power supply, high frequency switching power supply miniaturization, and switching power supply into a wider range of application areas, especially in high-tech fields, and promote the miniaturization of high-tech products, light of. In addition, the development and application of the switching power supply in terms of energy conservation, resource conservation and environmental protection are of great significance.classificationModern switching power supply, there are two: one is the DC switching power supply; the other is the AC switching power supply. Introduces only DC switching power supply and its function is poor power quality of the original eco-power (coarse) - such as mains power or battery power, converted to meet the equipment requirements of high-quality DC voltage (Varitronix) . The core of the DC switching power supply DC / DC converter. DC switching power supply classification is dependent on the classification of DC / DC converter. In other words, the classification of the classification of the DC switching power supply and DC/DC converter is the classification of essentially the same, the DC / DC converter is basically a classification of the DC switching power supply.DC /DC converter between the input and output electrical isolation can be divided into two categories: one is isolated called isolated DC/DC converter; the other is not isolated as non-isolated DC / DC converter.Isolated DC / DC converter can also be classified by the number of active power devices. The single tube of DC / DC converter Forward (Forward), Feedback (Feedback) two. The double-barreled double-barreled DC/ DC converter Forward (Double Transistor Forward Converter), twin-tube feedback (Double Transistor Feedback Converter), Push-Pull (Push the Pull Converter) and half-bridge (Half-Bridge Converter) four. Four DC / DC converter is the full-bridge DC / DC converter (Full-Bridge Converter).Non-isolated DC / DC converter, according to the number of active power devices can be divided into single-tube, double pipe, and four three categories. Single tube to a total of six of the DC / DC converter, step-down (Buck) DC / DC converter, step-up (Boost) DC / DC converters, DC / DC converter, boost buck (Buck Boost) device of Cuk the DC / DC converter, the Zeta DC / DC converter and SEPIC, the DC / DC converter. DC / DC converters, the Buck and Boost type DC / DC converter is the basic buck-boost of Cuk, Zeta, SEPIC, type DC / DC converter is derived from a single tube in this six. The twin-tube cascaded double-barreled boost (buck-boost) DC / DC converter DC / DC converter. Four DC / DC converter is used, the full-bridge DC / DC converter (Full-Bridge Converter).Isolated DC / DC converter input and output electrical isolation is usually transformer to achieve the function of the transformer has a transformer, so conducive to the expansion of the converter output range of applications, but also easy to achieve different voltage output , or a variety of the same voltage output.Power switch voltage and current rating, the converter's output power is usually proportional to the number of switch. The more the number of switch, the greater the output power of the DC / DC converter, four type than the two output power is twice as large,single-tube output power of only four 1/4.A combination of non-isolated converters and isolated converters can be a single converter does not have their own characteristics. Energy transmission points, one-way transmission and two-way transmission of two DC / DC converter. DC / DC converter with bi-directional transmission function, either side of the transmission power from the power of lateral load power from the load-lateral side of the transmission power.DC / DC converter can be divided into self-excited and separately controlled. With the positive feedback signal converter to switch to self-sustaining periodic switching converter, called self-excited converter, such as the the Luo Yeer (Royer,) converter is a typical push-pull self-oscillating converter. Controlled DC / DC converter switching device control signal is generated by specialized external control circuit.the switching power supply.People in the field of switching power supply technology side of the development of power electronic devices, while the development of the switching inverter technology, the two promote each other to promote the switching power supply annual growth rate of more than two digits toward the light, small, thin, low-noise, high reliability, the direction of development of anti-jamming. Switching power supply can be divided into AC / DC and DC / DC two categories, AC / AC DC / AC, such as inverters, DC / DC converter is now modular design technology and production processes at home and abroad have already matured and standardization, and has been recognized by the user, but AC / DC modular, its own characteristics make the modular process, encounter more complex technology and manufacturing process. Hereinafter to illustrate the structure and characteristics of the two types of switching power supply.Self-excited: no external signal source can be self-oscillation, completely self-excited to see it as feedback oscillation circuit of a transformer.Separate excitation: entirely dependent on external sustain oscillations, excited used widely in practical applications. According to the excitation signal structure classification; can be divided into pulse-width-modulated and pulse amplitude modulated two pulse width modulated control the width of the signal is frequency, pulse amplitude modulation control signal amplitude between the same effect are the oscillation frequency to maintain within a certain range to achieve the effect of voltage stability. The winding of the transformer can generally be divided into three types, one group is involved in the oscillation of the primary winding, a group of sustained oscillations in the feedback winding, there is a group of load winding. Such as Shanghai is used in household appliances art technological production of switching power supply, 220V AC bridge rectifier, changing to about 300V DC filter added tothe collector of the switch into the transformer for high frequency oscillation, the feedback winding feedback to the base to maintain the circuit oscillating load winding induction signal, the DC voltage by the rectifier, filter, regulator to provide power to the load. Load winding to provide power at the same time, take up the ability to voltage stability, the principle is the voltage output circuit connected to a voltage sampling device to monitor the output voltage changes, and timely feedback to the oscillator circuit to adjust the oscillation frequency, so as to achieve stable voltage purposes, in order to avoid the interference of the circuit, the feedback voltage back to the oscillator circuit with optocoupler isolation.technology developmentsThe high-frequency switching power supply is the direction of its development, high-frequency switching power supply miniaturization, and switching power supply into the broader field of application, especially in high-tech fields, and promote the development and advancement of the switching power supply, an annual more than two-digit growth rate toward the light, small, thin, low noise, high reliability, the direction of the anti-jamming. Switching power supply can be divided into AC / DC and DC / DC two categories, the DC / DC converter is now modular design technology and production processes at home and abroad have already matured and standardized, and has been recognized by the user, but modular AC / DC, because of its own characteristics makes the modular process, encounter more complex technology and manufacturing process. In addition, the development and application of the switching power supply in terms of energy conservation, resource conservation and environmental protection are of great significance.The switching power supply applications in power electronic devices as diodes, IGBT and MOSFET.SCR switching power supply input rectifier circuit and soft start circuit, a small amount of applications, the GTR drive difficult, low switching frequency, gradually replace the IGBT and MOSFET.Direction of development of the switching power supply is a high-frequency, high reliability, low power, low noise, jamming and modular. Small, thin, and the key technology is the high frequency switching power supply light, so foreign major switching power supply manufacturers have committed to synchronize the development of new intelligent components, in particular, is to improve the secondary rectifier loss, and the power of iron Oxygen materials to increase scientific and technological innovation in order to improve the magnetic properties of high frequency and large magnetic flux density (Bs), and capacitor miniaturization is a key technology. SMT technology allows the switching power supply has made considerable progress, the arrangement of the components in the circuit board on bothsides, to ensure that the light of the switching power supply, a small, thin. High-frequency switching power supply is bound to the traditional PWM switching technology innovation, realization of ZVS, ZCS soft-switching technology has become the mainstream technology of the switching power supply, and a substantial increase in the efficiency of the switching power supply. Indicators for high reliability, switching power supply manufacturers in the United States by reducing the operating current, reducing the junction temperature and other measures to reduce the stress of the device, greatly improve the reliability of products.Modularity is the overall trend of switching power supply, distributed power systems can be composed of modular power supply, can be designed to N +1 redundant power system, and the parallel capacity expansion. For this shortcoming of the switching power supply running noise, separate the pursuit of high frequency noise will also increase, while the use of part of the resonant converter circuit technology to achieve high frequency, in theory, but also reduce noise, but some The practical application of the resonant converter technology, there are still technical problems, it is still a lot of work in this field, so that the technology to be practical.Power electronics technology innovation, switching power supply industry has broad prospects for development. To accelerate the pace of development of the switching power supply industry in China, it must take the road of technological innovation, out of joint production and research development path with Chinese characteristics and contribute to the rapid development of China's national economy.Developments and trends of the switching power supply1955 U.S. Royer (Roger) invented the self-oscillating push-pull transistor single-transformer DC-DC converter is the beginning of the high-frequency conversion control circuit 1957 check race Jen, Sen, invented a self-oscillating push-pull dual transformers, 1964, U.S. scientists canceled frequency transformer in series the idea of switching power supply, the power supply to the size and weight of the decline in a fundamental way. 1969 increased due to the pressure of the high-power silicon transistor, diode reverse recovery time shortened and other components to improve, and finally made a 25-kHz switching power supply.At present, the switching power supply to the small, lightweight and high efficiency characteristics are widely used in a variety of computer-oriented terminal equipment, communications equipment, etc. Almost all electronic equipment is indispensable for a rapid development of today's electronic information industry power mode. Bipolar transistor made of 100kHz, 500kHz power MOS-FET made, though already the practical switching power supply is currently available on the market, but its frequency to be further improved. Toimprove the switching frequency, it is necessary to reduce the switching losses, and to reduce the switching losses, the need for high-speed switch components. However, the switching speed will be affected by the distribution of the charge stored in the inductance and capacitance, or diode circuit to produce a surge or noise. This will not only affect the surrounding electronic equipment, but also greatly reduce the reliability of the power supply itself. Which, in order to prevent the switching Kai - closed the voltage surge, RC or LC buffers can be used, and the current surge can be caused by the diode stored charge of amorphous and other core made of magnetic buffer . However, the high frequency more than 1MHz, the resonant circuit to make the switch on the voltage or current through the switch was a sine wave, which can reduce switching losses, but also to control the occurrence of surges. This switch is called the resonant switch. Of this switching power supply is active, you can, in theory, because in this way do not need to greatly improve the switching speed of the switching losses reduced to zero, and the noise is expected to become one of the high-frequency switching power supply The main ways. At present, many countries in the world are committed to several trillion Hz converter utility.the principle of IntroductionThe switching power supply of the process is quite easy to understand, linear power supplies, power transistors operating in the linear mode and linear power, the PWM switching power supply to the power transistor turns on and off state, in both states, on the power transistor V - security product is very small (conduction, low voltage, large current; shutdown, voltage, current) V oltammetric product / power device is power semiconductor devices on the loss.Compared with the linear power supply, the PWM switching power supply more efficient process is achieved by "chopping", that is cut into the amplitude of the input DC voltage equal to the input voltage amplitude of the pulse voltage. The pulse duty cycle is adjusted by the switching power supply controller. Once the input voltage is cut into the AC square wave, its amplitude through the transformer to raise or lower. Number of groups of output voltage can be increased by increasing the number of primary and secondary windings of the transformer. After the last AC waveform after the rectifier filter the DC output voltage.The main purpose of the controller is to maintain the stability of the output voltage, the course of their work is very similar to the linear form of the controller. That is the function blocks of the controller, the voltage reference and error amplifier can be designed the same as the linear regulator. Their difference lies in the error amplifier output (error voltage) in the drive before the power tube to go through a voltage / pulse-width conversion unit.Switching power supply There are two main ways of working: Forward transformand boost transformation. Although they are all part of the layout difference is small, but the course of their work vary greatly, have advantages in specific applications.the circuit schematicThe so-called switching power supply, as the name implies, is a door, a door power through a closed power to stop by, then what is the door, the switching power supply using SCR, some switch, these two component performance is similar, are relying on the base switch control pole (SCR), coupled with the pulse signal to complete the on and off, the pulse signal is half attentive to control the pole voltage increases, the switch or transistor conduction, the filter output voltage of 300V, 220V rectifier conduction, transmitted through the switching transformer secondary through the transformer to the voltage increase or decrease for each circuit work. Oscillation pulse of negative semi-attentive to the power regulator, base, or SCR control voltage lower than the original set voltage power regulator cut-off, 300V power is off, switch the transformer secondary no voltage, then each circuit The required operating voltage, depends on this secondary road rectifier filter capacitor discharge to maintain. Repeat the process until the next pulse cycle is a half weeks when the signal arrival. This switch transformer is called the high-frequency transformer, because the operating frequency is higher than the 50HZ low frequency. Then promote the pulse of the switch or SCR, which requires the oscillator circuit, we know, the transistor has a characteristic, is the base-emitter voltage is 0.65-0.7V is the zoom state, 0.7V These are the saturated hydraulic conductivity state-0.1V-0.3V in the oscillatory state, then the operating point after a good tune, to rely on the deep negative feedback to generate a negative pressure, so that the oscillating tube onset, the frequency of the oscillating tube capacitor charging and discharging of the length of time from the base to determine the oscillation frequency of the output pulse amplitude, and vice versa on the small, which determines the size of the output voltage of the power regulator. Transformer secondary output voltage regulator, usually switching transformer, single around a set of coils, the voltage at its upper end, as the reference voltage after the rectifier filter, then through the optocoupler, this benchmark voltage return to the base of the oscillating tube pole to adjust the level of the oscillation frequency, if the transformer secondary voltage is increased, the sampling coil output voltage increases, the positive feedback voltage obtained through the optocoupler is also increased, this voltage is applied oscillating tube base, so that oscillation frequency is reduced, played a stable secondary output voltage stability, too small do not have to go into detail, nor it is necessary to understand the fine, such a high-power voltage transformer by switching transmission, separated and after the class returned by sampling the voltage from the opto-coupler pass separated after class, so before the mains voltage, and after the classseparation, which is called cold plate, it is safe, transformers before power is independent, which is called switching power supply.the DC / DC conversionDC / DC converter is a fixed DC voltage transformation into a variable DC voltage, also known as the DC chopper. There are two ways of working chopper, one Ts constant pulse width modulation mode, change the ton (General), the second is the frequency modulation, the same ton to change the Ts, (easy to produce interference). Circuit by the following categories:Buck circuit - the step-down chopper, the average output voltage U0 is less than the input voltage Ui, the same polarity.Boost Circuit - step-up chopper, the average output voltage switching power supply schematic U0 is greater than the input voltage Ui, the same polarity.Buck-Boost circuit - buck or boost chopper, the output average voltage U0 is greater than or less than the input voltage Ui, the opposite polarity, the inductance transmission.Cuk circuit - a buck or boost chopper, the output average voltage U0 is greater than or less than the input voltage Ui, the opposite polarity, capacitance transmission.The above-mentioned non-isolated circuit, the isolation circuit forward circuits, feedback circuit, the half-bridge circuit, the full bridge circuit, push-pull circuit. Today's soft-switching technology makes a qualitative leap in the DC / DC the U.S. VICOR company design and manufacture a variety of ECI soft-switching DC / DC converter, the maximum output power 300W, 600W, 800W, etc., the corresponding power density (6.2 , 10,17) W/cm3 efficiency (80-90)%. A the Japanese Nemic Lambda latest using soft-switching technology, high frequency switching power supply module RM Series, its switching frequency (200 to 300) kHz, power density has reached 27W/cm3 with synchronous rectifier (MOSFETs instead of Schottky diodes ), so that the whole circuit efficiency by up to 90%.AC / DC conversionAC / DC conversion will transform AC to DC, the power flow can be bi-directional power flow by the power flow to load known as the "rectification", referred to as "active inverter power flow returned by the load power. AC / DC converter input 50/60Hz AC due must be rectified, filtered, so the volume is relatively large filter capacitor is essential, while experiencing safety standards (such as UL, CCEE, etc.) and EMC Directive restrictions (such as IEC, FCC, CSA) in the AC input side must be added to the EMC filter and use meets the safety standards of the components, thus limiting the miniaturization of the volume of AC / DC power, In addition, due to internal frequency, high voltage, current switching, making the problem difficult to solve EMC also high demands on the internal high-density mountingcircuit design, for the same reason, the high voltage, high current switch makes power supply loss increases, limiting the AC / DC converter modular process, and therefore must be used to power system optimal design method to make it work efficiency to reach a certain level of satisfaction.AC / DC conversion circuit wiring can be divided into half-wave circuit, full-wave circuit. Press the power phase can be divided into single-phase three-phase, multiphase. Can be divided into a quadrant, two quadrant, three quadrants, four-quadrant circuit work quadrant.he selection of the switching power supplySwitching power supply input on the anti-jamming performance, compared to its circuit structure characteristics (multi-level series), the input disturbances, such as surge voltage is difficult to pass on the stability of the output voltage of the technical indicators and linear power have greater advantages, the output voltage stability up to (0.5)%. Switching power supply module as an integrated power electronic devices should be selected。

动画设计电视广告论文中英文外文翻译文献

动画设计电视广告论文中英文外文翻译文献Copywriting for Visual MediaBefore XXX。

and film advertising were the primary meansof advertising。

Even today。

local ads can still be seen in some movie theaters before the start of the program。

The practice of selling time een programming for commercial messages has e a standard in the visual media XXX format for delivering shortvisual commercial messages very XXX.⑵Types of Ads and PSAsThere are us types of ads and public service announcements (PSAs) that XXX ads。

service ads。

and XXX a specific product。

while service ads promote a specific service。

nal ads。

on theother hand。

promote an entire company or industry。

PSAs。

on the other hand。

are mercial messages that aim to educate andinform the public on important issues such as health。

safety。

and social XXX.⑶The Power of Visual AdvertisingXXX。

The use of colors。

网络广告-毕业论文-英文文献翻译

Discuss On Online AdvertisingJack Farnlinfrom Princeton UnversityOnline advertising is a form of promotion that uses the Internet and World Wide Web for the expressed purpose of delivering marketing messages to attract customers. Examples of online advertising include contextual ads on search engine results pages, banner ads, Rich Media Ads, Social network advertising, online classified advertising, advertising networks and e-mail marketing, including e-mail spam.Online advertising is an emerging advertising media, from 1997 China online advertising was born, online advertising development is rapid, paid search advertising become network advertisement new growth point. Compared with the similar foreign market, China's network advertisement market is still behind many, but the market has great potential. Form and creative backward, advertising regulatory basic lack, China's online advertising market existing main problems. Later, Chinese online advertising to "two-way interaction" the direction of development, meanwhile, and traditional media integration will further strengthen.After data access network advertisement, learned some basic knowledge, grasps the network advertisement, situation and development trend of the network advertisement is the development trend of stud. This paper points out the Chinese Internet advertising the problems and proposes the perfecting of net ads scientific management method. Through chart to China Internet advertising status and developing trends are analyzed and summarized. Through the analysis of the Chinese Internet advertising marketcharacteristics, Chinese Internet advertising, the present situation of and problems existing in some ideas to solve the problem. Internet advertising development situation, it is modern unstoppable advertising the inheritance and development of, become the emerging advertising media.Competitive advantage over traditional advertising:One major benefit of online advertising is the immediate publishing of information and content that is not limited by geography or time. To that end, the emerging area of interactive advertising presents fresh challenges for advertisers who have hitherto adopted an interruptive strategy. Another benefit is the efficiency of advertiser's investment. Online advertising allows for the customization of advertisements, including content and posted websites. For example, AdWords and AdSense enable ads shown on relevant webpages or aside of search results of pre-chosen keywords. Another is the payment method. Whatever purchasing variation is selected, the payment is usually relative with audiences' response.Purchasing variations:The three most common ways in which online advertising is purchased are CPM, CPC, and CPA.CPM (Cost Per Impression) is where advertisers pay for exposure of their message to a specific audience. CPM costs are priced per thousand impressions, or loads of an advertisement. However, some impressions may not be counted, such as a reload or internal user action. The M in the acronym is the Roman numeral for one thousand.CPV (Cost Per Visitor) or (Cost per View in the case of Pop Ups and Unders) is where advertisers pay for the delivery of a Targeted Visitor to the advertisers website.CPC (Cost Per Click) is also known as Pay per click (PPC). Advertisers pay each time a user clicks on their listing and is redirected to their website. They do not actually pay for the listing, but only when the listing is clicked on. This system allows advertising specialists to refine searches and gain information about their market. Under the Pay per click pricing system, advertisers pay for the right to be listed under a series of target rich words that direct relevant traffic to their website, and pay only when someone clicks on their listing which links directly to their website. CPC differs from CPV in that each click is paid for regardless of whether the user makes it to the target site.CPA (Cost Per Action) or (Cost Per Acquisition) advertising is performance based and is common in the affiliate marketing sector of the business. In this payment scheme, the publisher takes all the risk of running the ad, and the advertiser pays only for the amount of users who complete a transaction, such as a purchase or sign-up. This is the best type of rate to pay for banner advertisements and the worst type of rate to charge. Similarly, CPL (Cost Per Lead) advertising is identical to CPA advertising and is based on the user completing a form, registering for a newsletter or some other action that the merchant feels will lead to a sale. Also common, CPO (Cost Per Order) advertising is based on each time an order is transacted.Cost per conversion Describes the cost of acquiring a customer, typically calculated by dividing the total cost of an ad campaign by the number of conversions. The definition of "Conversion" varies depending on the situation: it is sometimes considered to be a lead, a sale, or a purchase. CPE (Cost Per Engagement) is a form of Cost Per Action pricing first introduced in March 2008. Differing from cost-per-impression orcost-per-click models, a CPE model means advertising impressions are free and advertisers pay only when a user engages with their specific ad unit. Engagement is defined as a user interacting with an ad in any number of ways. Though, as seen above, the large majority of online advertising has a cost that is brought about by usage or interaction of an ad, there are a few other methods of advertising online that only require a one time payment. The Million Dollar Homepage is a very successful example of this. Visitors were able to pay $1 per pixel of advertising space and their advert would remain on the homepage for as long as the website exists with no extra costs. Floating ad: An ad which moves across the user's screen or floats above the content.Expanding ad: An ad which changes size and which may alter the contents of the webpage.Polite ad: A method by which a large ad will be downloaded in smaller pieces to minimize the disruption of the content being viewedWallpaper ad: An ad which changes the background of the page being viewed. Trick banner: A banner ad that looks like a dialog box with buttons. It simulates an error message or an alert.Pop-up: A new window which opens in front of the current one, displaying an advertisement, or entire webpage.Pop-under: Similar to a Pop-Up except that the window is loaded or sent behind the current window so that the user does not see it until they close one or more active windows.Video ad: similar to a banner ad, except that instead of a static or animated image, actual moving video clips are displayed.Map ad: text or graphics linked from, and appearing in or over, a location on an electronic map such as on Google Maps.Mobile ad: an SMS text or multi-media message sent to a cell phone.In addition, ads containing streaming video or streaming audio are becoming very popular with advertisers.E-mail advertisingLegitimate Email advertising or E-mail marketing is often known as "opt-in e-mail advertising" to distinguish it from spam.Affiliate marketingAffiliate marketing was an invention by in 1994 and was excelled by when it launched its Affiliate Program, called Associate Program in 1996. The online retailer used its program to generate low cost brand exposure and provided at the same time small websites a way to earn some supplemental income.Contextual advertisingMany advertising networks display graphical or text-only ads that correspond to the keywords of an Internet search or to the content of the page on which the ad is shown. These ads are believed to have a greater chance of attracting a user, because they tend to share a similar context as the user's search query. For example, a search query for "flowers" might return an advertisement for a florist's website.Another newer technique is embedding keyword hyperlinks in an article which are sponsored by an advertiser. When a user follows the link, they are sent to a sponsor's website.Behavioral targetingIn addition to contextual targeting, online advertising can be targeted based on a user's past clickstream. For example, if a user is known to have recently visited a number of automotive shopping / comparison sites based on clickstream analysis enabled by cookies stored on the user's computer, that user can then be served auto-related ads when they visit other,non-automotive sites.Ads and malwareThere is also class of advertising methods which may be considered unethical and perhaps even illegal. These include external applications which alter system settings (such as a browser's home page), spawn pop-ups, and insert advertisements into non-affiliated webpages. Such applications are usually labeled as spyware or adware. They may mask their questionable activities by performing a simple service, such as displaying the weather or providing a search bar. Some programs are effectively trojans. These applications are commonly designed so as to be difficult to remove or uninstall. Theever-increasing audience of online users, many of whom are not computer-savvy, frequently lack the knowledge and technical ability to protect themselves from these programs.On the status of China's online advertising and Development sumti Sarkar Department of Information Management, Lancaster University Key words：online advertising, Internet, Development Abstract With the Internet economy, online advertising came into being. The late 20th century, the Internet swept the world, more and more people are beginning to realize networks with the media features, so the "fourth media" the word began to frequently appear in daily life. Although online advertising is still a small market share, but as the fourth medium of the Internet development Querang traditionalmedia dare not ignore. Because its growth rate far exceeds other types of media. This article about online advertising in China's situation and development trend.Internet advertising is the main features are:1 extensiveness and open: the network advertisement can advertising information through Internet all-weather, 24 hours uninterruptedly spreads to the world, these effects are traditional media can achieve. In addition, newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and trafflc signs such traditional advertising has a great compulsive, and network advertising process is open, the mandatory, this point with traditional media have a very different nature.2. Real-time and controllability: network advertisement may according to the customer demand rapid manufacture and launch, while the traditional advertising production cost is high, dropping cycle fixed. Moreover, in the traditional media advertising on hard to change, even after publication can change also often needs to pay big economic costs, and network advertisement can according to customer needs to be changed in the contents of advertisements. So, advertisers business decision-making changes can timely implementation and promotion.3. Directness and pertinence: through traditional advertising, consumers only indirectly touch the promotional products, not through advertising feel directly products or understand the manufacturer of the specific operation and service provision. While Internet advertising is different, as long as consumers saw interested content, directly click, and then enter into this enterprise website, understands the specific contents of the business. In addition, the network advertisement can launch to some specific target groups,even can do one-on-one directional issuance. According to the characteristics of different visitors, online advertising can be flexibly achieve time orientation, regional orientation, channel directional, thus fulfilling the consumer clear classified in a certain extent, guarantee the advertisement's arrival rate.4. Biphasic and interactivity: the traditional advertising information flow is one-sided, namely enterprise launched what content, consumer can passively accept what content. While the mono-direction network advertisement breakthrough the limitations of both sides, realizing the supply and demand of information flow two-way interaction. Through the Internet advertising links, users can from the manufacturer of websites related to get more and more detailed information. In addition, users can pass AD position directly fill out and submit online form information, the manufacturer can always get precious user feedback information. Meanwhile, the network advertisement can provide further inquiries, convenient and product consumer interaction and communication.5. Easy statistical and can be assessed sex: in traditional media advertising, it is difficult to know exactly how many people receive advertising messages. While Internet advertising different, can detailed statistical a website each page is being viewed total number, the number of each advertising is clicked, and even detailed, specifically every visitor statistics shows the access time and IP address. In addition, provide network advertising website can usually build user database, including users geographic distribution, age, gender, income, occupation, marital status, hobbies, etc. These statistics can help advertisers statistics and analysis the market and the audience, according to the characteristics of advertising target audience,pertinently put ads, and according to the user's characteristics offixed-point launch and tracking analysis, the advertisement effect makes objective accurate assessment.In a word, No matter electronic commerce or Internet advertising are closely related to internet and the development of internet. Therefore, with the development of the internet economy, the internet advertisement surely can along with its large development.网络广告探讨Jack Farnlin普林斯顿大学网络广告是发布在英特网和万维网上,来达到传播市场信息，吸引消费者的目的的一种促销形式。

广告设计英文作文

广告设计英文作文英文：As a designer, I believe that the key to creating effective advertisements lies in understanding the target audience. It's important to know who you're trying to reach and what their needs and desires are. Once you have this information, you can tailor your design to appeal to them specifically.One technique that I often use is to create a persona for the target audience. This involves creating a fictional character that represents the typical person you're trying to reach. You give them a name, age, occupation, hobbies, and other details that help you understand what makes them tick. Then, when you're designing your advertisement, you can imagine this person as your audience and create something that would appeal to them.Another important aspect of advertising design is tofocus on the benefits of the product or service rather than just the features. People don't buy things because of their features, they buy them because of the benefits they provide. For example, a car might have a powerful engineand advanced safety features, but what really sells it is the feeling of freedom and independence that comes with owning it. So, when designing an advertisement, it's important to highlight the emotional benefits that the product or service provides.中文：作为一名设计师，我认为创造有效的广告的关键在于了解目标受众。

毕业设计文献翻译

毕业设计文献翻译Graduation Project Literature Translation (700 words)Title: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Job MarketWith the rapid development of technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a hot topic in recent years. AI has the potential to greatly affect the job market, leading to concerns about unemployment and job displacement. This paper aims to explore the impact of AI on the job market and provide insights into potential solutions.AI technology has advanced rapidly in recent years, making significant progress in various fields, such as voice recognition, image analysis, and data processing. As AI continues to improve, it has the potential to automate many tasks that are currently performed by humans. This automation could result in job displacement, particularly for routine and repetitive tasks.Studies have shown that AI could impact various industries, including transportation, healthcare, finance, and manufacturing. For example, AI-powered self-driving vehicles could potentially eliminate the need for human drivers, leading to job losses in the transportation industry. In the healthcare sector, AI algorithms can analyze medical images and help with diagnosis, potentially reducing the need for radiologists. Similar automation scenarios can be seen in other industries as well.While concerns about job displacement are valid, it is important to note that AI technology also has the potential to create new jobopportunities. As automation takes over routine and repetitive tasks, humans can focus on more complex and creative roles. AI can augment human intelligence, assisting professionals in decision-making processes and enhancing overall productivity.To mitigate the negative impact of AI on the job market, policymakers and businesses must take proactive measures. One approach is to invest in retraining and reskilling programs to equip workers with the necessary skills for the digital age. By providing training in AI-related fields, individuals can adapt to the changing job market and find new employment opportunities.Additionally, collaboration between AI technology developers and industries can help create AI applications that work alongside humans, rather than replacing them. Human-AI collaboration can enhance efficiency and productivity, allowing humans to leverage AI technology to perform tasks more effectively.Moreover, governments should establish policies that encourage innovation and entrepreneurship. By fostering a supportive environment for startups and small businesses, new job opportunities can be generated. Encouraging the development of AI-related industries can also lead to job creation.In conclusion, the impact of AI on the job market is a topic of significant concern. While automation may lead to job displacement, it can also create new job opportunities. To mitigate the negative impact, investment in retraining programs and fostering collaboration between AI technology and humans are crucial. Additionally, government policies that support innovationand entrepreneurship can help create a sustainable job market in the era of artificial intelligence.。

毕业设计翻译

毕业设计翻译Graduation Project Translation (700 words)Title: The Impact of E-commerce on Traditional Retail Businesses Introduction:E-commerce has emerged as a powerful force in the business world, revolutionizing the way people buy and sell goods and services. This paper aims to examine the impact of e-commerce on traditional retail businesses and explore the challenges and opportunities that arise from this shift in consumer behavior.1. E-commerce Market Growth:The e-commerce market has experienced significant growth over the past decade. With the rising popularity of online shopping platforms and improved logistics and payment systems, consumers are increasingly turning to e-commerce for their shopping needs. This growing market poses a threat to traditional retail businesses who must adapt to stay competitive.2. Changing Consumer Behavior:The rise of e-commerce has changed consumer behavior and expectations. Online shopping offers convenience, a wider range of choices, and competitive pricing. Consumers are now accustomed to shopping anytime, anywhere, and require personalized experiences. This presents challenges for traditional retail businesses as they must find ways to meet these changing demands.3. Challenges for Traditional Retail Businesses:Traditional retail businesses face several challenges in the era of e-commerce. They must invest in technology and develop user-friendly websites or mobile applications to maintain a strong online presence. Additionally, they must enhance their supply chain management to ensure timely delivery of goods. Finally, traditional retailers need to improve customer service and offer unique experiences to compete with the personalized services offered by e-commerce platforms.4. Opportunities for Traditional Retail Businesses:Despite the challenges, there are also opportunities for traditional retail businesses in the e-commerce era. By leveraging their physical stores, they can provide experiential shopping experiences that cannot be replicated online. This includes offering personalized consultations, customization options, and in-store events. Additionally, traditional retailers can utilize e-commerce platforms to expand their reach and tap into new customer segments.5. Collaborative Approach:In order to survive in the e-commerce era, traditional retail businesses are adopting a collaborative approach. Many retailers are partnering with e-commerce platforms to leverage their online presence and logistics capabilities. This allows traditional retailers to reach a wider customer base and take advantage of the efficiency and convenience offered by e-commerce.6. Conclusion:E-commerce has had a profound impact on traditional retail businesses. While it poses challenges, it also presents opportunities for these businesses to adapt and thrive in the changing consumerlandscape. By investing in technology, improving supply chain management, and providing unique experiences, traditional retail businesses can successfully navigate the e-commerce era. Partnering with e-commerce platforms can also enable them to reach a wider customer base and stay competitive.。

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浅谈广告传播中情感诉求的运用与受众互动的初探广告传播的目的主要在于刺激目标受众，引导受众购买广告宣传的商品，因此，广告是一门说服的艺术。

广告是通过各种各样艺术表演手段感染说服消费大众来达到诉求目的的，为了达到有效的广告诉求目的，针对不同的诉求对象、不同层次、不同需求、不同目的，广告就应该采用不同的诉求方法，不断地追求创意、创造、创新。

李奥.贝纳认为，成功的广告创意的秘诀就在于找出产品本身固有的刺激。

“固有的刺激”也称为‘与生俱来的戏剧性”。

广告的诉求创意最重要的任务是把产品固有的刺激挖掘出来并加于利用，也就是说要发现生产厂家生产这种产品的“原因”以及消费者要购买这种产品的“原因”，一旦原因找到，广告创意也就有了立足的依据，并在此基础上实施一种生动的、恰当的表达方式，产生强烈的影响力，引导人们朝着一定的方向去思考和行动，形成产品与消费者之间情感的互动作用，让新颖独特、独辟蹊径、令人心动的广告刺激消费受众者的兴趣和消费欲望，实现产品价值的最大化。

为此，广告要找到这种“戏剧性的刺激点’就必须实现广告诉求策略的多样化和广告表现形式的多元化，从而提升广告传播的感召力、冲击力和文化力。

本文着重以情感诉求在广告中的运用，论述其与受众互动沟通的针对性和有效性。

一、情感诉求是广告诉求策略的重要方式之一，也是广告最富有人性化魁力的体现众所周知，广告的受众对象是人，“以人为本”是广告制作最重要的理念。

广告诉求的方式直接影响着说服的客观效果，广告诉求应该从认知层面和情感层面切人。

才能够有效地促进消费行为，一般而言，作用于认知层面的诉求. 偏重于消费者决策过程中理性、逻辑的一面，称之为理性诉求，比较适用于高档耐用消费品、高科技含量产品的广告宣传;而作用于情感层面的诉求，偏重于消费者的情感体骏和心智共鸣，以期激起某种情绪反应，称之为情感诉求，一般来说，运用比较多的是一些日常生活用品，如服装饰品、食品饮料、化妆品、厨房家具用品、摄影器材等。

这些商品消费面广一量大，更换率高，消费者的购买欲望往往由动情而感染而冲动，浓郁的人情味是这类广告创意的诉求重点。

而今，市场经济的发展导致人们消费观念产生了极大的变化，已经不是基本“量”的满足或“质”的满足就可以了，而是“多方面需求”满足之后的进人更高境界的“情感”需求满足阶段，所以现代人单纯的物质享受已很少给我们成就感，人们对精神需求的渴望越来越强烈，我们需要在情感愉悦中寻求新的灵感来体验生活的意义，找准“物”与“人”的最佳结合点，满足人们心理的优越感。

可见，广告的传播表达形式至关重要，关系到广告传播的成败，新颖刺激的表达手段能够迅速提升产品的形象和知名度，创意独特的表达形式能够满足消费大众情感娱乐诉求的心理需求和自我价值的实现，还可以为产品提供无限的商机和附加值，进而激发消费受众持续性的消费动力。

因此，我们清醒地意识到情感诉求广告，正是适应人们消费观念的变化并含有浓浓的人情味而具有强烈的渗透力和感染力，已成为现代社会的主流广告，应该引起我们的重视和研究。

二、情感诉求广告形式的运用拓宽了受众互动的新视野我们从广告传播的形式来看，情感诉求型广告能够拉近产品与目标消费者的距离，形成产品消费的推动力，让消费者在产品娱乐中接受、情理中理解、快乐中记忆、好感中追求、精神愉悦中满足需求，实现广告传播与消费受众真正意义的物质消费与精神需求满足的互动。

通过采用多样化的情感表达形式和手段对不同消费层面做出正确的有针对性的定位，满足其不同情感的心理需求促进广告传播的有效性，使消费者在满足精神娱乐中自觉实现目标选择，顺其自然的实行消费支配行为。

因而情感诉求作为现代广告传播手段立足子“情感”为切人点，以真动情、以情感人地叩开消费者的心扉，以景动情、以景感人地吸引消费者的眼球。

达到构思创意鲜活生动，贴近生活，从意蕴和意境、从心灵上和情感上感染和打动消费者。

作为感性诉求型广告运用的裁体最好是电视，因为电视是传递感情最佳的媒介，利用音乐、画面可以迅速加强感情的效果。

在实践中，笔者认为，情感诉求类广告在实际运用过程中主要归纳为以下几种表达形式:1.情节型的互动形式；2.情景型的互动形式；3.情结型的互动形式；4.生活型的互动形式；5.陈述型的互动形式；6.夸张型的互动形式。

综上所述，我们可以看到企业产品的营销和销售己离不开现代广告创意手段的多元化和多样化，广告出奇制胜的创意效果是离不开各种基础形式相互运用借鉴上的突破，如有采用音乐、音响、旋律、节奏、速度、气氛和力量赋予影像超越时空、渲染气氛、抒发情感、塑造形象、传递信息等综合性艺术手段来刻画让释广告形象的;有采用简单明了的旁白、独白、对白、画外音和解说词生动有趣的阐述广告主题内容的;还有包括常用手法之一的广告主题歌的演唱，让悦耳动听、声情并茂的旋律淋漓尽致的唱出了广告的感召力，国内外许多名牌产品都曾巧妙的运用广告歌来推销产品;再有运用各种舞蹈风格载歌载舞的广告类型让受众在活拨生动、愉快轻松的氛围里不知不觉受到广告的熏陶，让人们在娱乐、欢乐、快乐中实现美的享受。

所以，丰富而多元的广告表达形式是建立在人们日常真实生活基础上的情节、情感、情结、情绪、情景、情调的捕捉、提炼和升华，是建立在相互借鉴、相互揉合、相互作用根基仁的创新，创新是广告成败的关键，创新意味着构想新颖、标新立异、奇思妙想的好点子，好点子需要有卓越高超的构想、恰当合理的方式、幽默夸张的艺术表现形式，充分体现消费大众对新事物、新观念、新发明、新风尚的追求同时与消费受众之间心灵深处情感沟通达成和谐共鸣，从而提升人们生活品位和带动时尚生活的流行，达到艺术效果与俏费互动的最高境界。

“感人心者，莫先乎情”。

因此，我们要在实践中把握好情感诉求的表现方法和技巧，善于发现和挖掘引起人们情感变化的素材和细节，在人与物的最佳结合上融人构思新颖的独创性、新奇性、戏剧性、趣味性、娱乐性来吸引消费者的眼球，揭示广告表达形式内容核心处骤然进发出令人心动、焕发勃勃生机、精彩纷呈艺术处理手段变化的张力.这既是时代经济快速发展对文化需求的挑战，也是广告传播形式和表达手段不断迫求创新的内在需要。

翻译The purpose of advertising is to stimulate the main target audience, and guide the audience to buy advertising goods, therefore, advertising is an art of persuasion. Advertising is through the various artistic performance means to persuade consumers to achieve infection appeal purpose, in order to achieve effective advertising appeal purpose, in view of the different claim object, different levels and different needs and different purpose, advertising should adopt different appeal method, constantly in pursuit creativity and the creation and innovation. Leo. Boehner think, successful advertising ideas the secret is that find out the product itself inherent stimulation. "Inherent stimulation" also known as' innate dramatic. "the appeals of the advertising creative, the most important task is the product of the excavation and stimulate inherent and in use, that is to find manufacturers to produce this product" reason "and consumers to buy the product of" reason ", once found reasons, creative advertising can be based on the basis of, and based on this, implement a vivid, proper expression way, produce strong influence, and guide people in certain direction to think and act,products and consumer formed between emotional interactions and let the novel and distinctive, develop, shocking advertising stimulating consumption of interest in the audience and desire for consumption, the product value maximization. Therefore, advertising to find the "dramatic exciting point 'to realize the appeal to the diversity and advertising strategy advertising form of diversification, so as to enhance the impact of advertising communication charisma, and to create. This paper to emotional appeals in the use of the advertisement, this paper discusses the interactive communication with the audience the pertinence and effectiveness.First, emotional appeal advertising strategy is one of the important ways of demand, is also the most rich human chief advertising the embodiment of the force As is known to all, advertising is audience, "people-oriented" is advertising for the most important idea. Advertising appeal directly influences the way to persuade the objective effect, advertising claims should from the cognitive level and emotional level cut. To effectively promote consumption behavior, and generally speaking, in the role of the appeals of the cognitive level. Stress to the consumer in the process of making rational, logical side, called the rational demand, more applicable to high-grade durable consumer goods, high-tech products of advertising; And in the role of emotional aspects of the appeal, stress to the consumer the emotional body and mind resonance south, so as to arouse certain emotional reaction, called emotional appeal, in general, use more is some daily necessities, such as garment accessories, food and beverage, cosmetics, kitchen furniture, photographic equipment, etc. These commodity consumption side wide a quantity, GengHuanLv high, consumer buying desire by estrogen and often infection and impulse, rich human is this kind of advertising ideas on appeal. Now, the development of the market economy leads people to consumption idea made a tremendous change, has not basic "quantity" of satisfaction or "quality" to meet the can, but "the various requirements" meet the border into higher after the "emotion" meet the demand level, so modern simple material has rarely enjoy to us of achievement, the people to the desire of the spiritual demand more and more intense, we need to seek new inspiration in joyful to experience the meaning of life, find "things" and "people's" best combining site, satisfy people psychological sense of superiority. Visible, the communication ofadvertisement is very important to express form, in relation to the success or failure of the advertising communication, the expression of the novel and amazing means to be able to quickly improve product image and reputation, creative design of expressions can meet the demands of the consuming public entertainment emotional and psychological needs of fulfillment, can also be for product to provide unlimited business opportunities, and added value, and then stimulate consumption audience the sustainability of spending power. Therefore, we soberly realize emotional appeal advertising, it is to adapt to the changes in the concept of people consumption and contains a thick human and have strong penetration and appeal, has become the mainstream advertising of modern society, should cause our attention and research.Second, emotional appeal of the use of forms of advertising to broaden the audience the new vision of interactionWe from advertising forms of communication to see, the emotional appeal advertising can close products and type the distance of the target consumers, form the driving force of consumer products, let consumer products in the entertainment accept, reasonable understanding, joy in memory, unpleasant associations, cheerful spirit pursuit of satisfied the demand, realize the advertising communication and consumption audience the real meaning of material consumption and spiritual needs to meet the interaction. By the use of the diversification of the emotional expression forms and means to different consumption level to make the correct targeted location, satisfy its different emotional psychological needs to promote the spread of advertising effectiveness, make consumers in meet the spirit consciously choose to realize the goals entertainment, let it be implemented consumption governs the act. So emotional appeals as modern advertising communication method based on the son "emotional" as a focal point, to really passionate, by feeling to the heart to consumers, to estrogen, scene moving scene to attract consumers of eyeball. To design originality vivid, close to the life, from the meaning and the artistic conception, from the mind and emotionally infection and impress the consumer. As perceptual appeal of advertisements use cutting body type is best TV, because TV is to transfer the best media feelings, the use of music, pictures can rapidly strengthening the feelings of the effect.In practice, the author thinks that, emotional appeal advertising in the practical application of the main process of concluded to the following several kinds of forms: The plot of the interaction of form; 2. Type the interaction of the scene form; 3. Complex type of interactive form; 4. The life of the interactive form; 5. Statements of the interaction of form; 6. Exaggerated the interaction of form.To sum up, we can see the enterprise product marketing and sales have cannot leave modern advertising creative means and the diversity of diversification, advertising creative effect is surprisingly winning can use for reference each other all sorts of foundation forms breakthrough, such as music, sound, and have use melody and rhythm, speed, the atmosphere and power gives image beyond time and space, rendering atmosphere, to express feelings, shape the image, the transmission of information, is a comprehensive art means to depict the release of the image to advertising; Have use simple narrator, monologue, dialogue, voice-over and commentary vivid and interesting advertising theme of this content; And one of the commonly used gimmick including advertising theme singing, let the pleasant-sounding, sings the melody with the incisively and vividly sing out advertising charisma, many domestic famous brand products have clever use advertising song to push products; More use of various dance style of advertising types in living dial get the audience a vivid, relaxed atmosphere by the edification of the advertising before you know it, let people in entertainment, joy, happiness is realized in beautiful enjoyment. So, rich and diverse forms of advertising is to establish a real life in People's Daily on the basis of the plot, emotional, complex, mood, scene, emotional appeal of capture, refining and sublimation, is built on the profit from each other, and with each other, the interaction of benevolence foundation innovation, innovation is the key to the success or failure of the advertising, innovation means that idea novel, do STH unconventional or unorthodox, covers of the good idea, good idea needs a great idea, the appropriate excellence reasonable way, humorous exaggeration art form, fully embodies the consuming public to new things, new concepts, new inventions, the pursuit of new fashion and consumption between audience heart in a harmonious resonance emotional communication, so as to enhance people life grade fashionable life and promote the popular to artistic effect and quailfee the highest state of interaction."Moving the heart lie in the affection". Therefore, we have to grasp the emotional appeal in the practice of the performance of the methods and skills, good at finding and mining cause people to the materials and emotional changes the details in the best people and things with integrated conception of the original novel, novelty, dramatic, interest, recreational to attract consumers of eyeball, reveals advertising expression form the core content in a sudden into exciting, coruscate vitality, colorful artistic processing means the tension of change. This is both times of rapid economic development and cultural needs of the challenge, also advertising communication form and expressing mean constantly pursuit of innovation inner need.。

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