checking_editing
CopyEditing
Copy EditingWednesday | 10:10 a.m. | Chan Shun Hall LH2 | Larry Pena Professional writers always follow a style guide. All spelling,punctuation and formatting in professional writing must consistently follow the style of the publication for which it is intended. The Associated Press Stylebook (often referred to as AP), is the primary style and usage guide for most newspapers and news magazines in the United States. The book is updated annually and is around 400 pages long.Style guides vary enormously, and it's important that you don't mix one style guide with another. For example, The Chicago Manual of Style uses serial commas whereas AP does not use them. For a while, you will have to look everything up. Don't let that discourage you. As you become familiar with a style guide, you'll learn to make many of the correct choices instinctively. If you have been using one style guide for some time and then have to use a different one, you'll have to go back to looking things up for a while until you shift mental gears.The most important piece of advice I can give is that your publication be consistent in its style. One article should not use follow one style guide and another article within the same publication adhere to another style guide.You also may decide that your organization needs to develop its own in-house style guide that addresses spellings and issues unique to your publication. This is perfectly appropriate and acceptable.A Quick Look at The Associated Press StylebookAbbreviations•provides most entries under individual listings•uses familiar abbreviations or acronyms that should not be placed in parentheses immediately after their full names•recognized groups (such as FBI or CIA) may be identified fully at first reference or not at all•refers to AP Stylebook or first-listed abbreviation in Webster's New World Dictionary for use of caps and periods. For abbreviations not listed, uses caps and omit periods (for example The American Association for Clinical Chemistry would appear as AACC)•uses a.m. and p.m.•prefers traditional abbreviations for state names (Calif.) except for the eight states that are never abbreviated (Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas, Utah, Hawaii and Alaska)Acronyms•usually omits periods, but check individual listings to be sureCapitalization•prefers lower case in general•capitalizes proper nouns, trade and brand names•capitalizes formal titles used immediately before a name•lower cases names of job descriptions•lowercases words derived from proper nouns that don't depend on the original for meaning (roman numerals)•lowercases all forms of government (federal, state and local)•capitalizes geographic and structural names, including Capitol and Washington Monument•in titles of works, capitalizes the first, last and all major words, prepositions and conjunctions of four or more letters•capitalizes the first word after a colon only if an independent clause follows•if no individual listing, check Webster's New World Dictionary and use the lowercase form if givenCompounding•uses hyphens to avoid ambiguity•hyphenates unit modifiers, two-thought compounds (like socio-economic), some prefixes and suffixes (especially to avoid duplicated vowels and tripledconsonants—consult individual word entries), compound proper names andadjectives•hyphenates modifiers that occur after the verb "to be" (He is well-known) and some numbers and fractionsQuotation Marks•uses quotation marks to set off names of books (except the Bible and reference books, catalogues, and directories), movies, television shows, works of art, poetry and speeches. Doesn't use quotation marks with names of newspapers andmagazines.Numbers•spells out whole numbers under 10 and follows that general rule even for two or more numbers in the same sentence•always uses figures for time, money, decimals, and percentages (even those under10)•advises applying the same general rules to ordinal numbers•expresses fractions less than one in words (two-thirds) and uses figures and words for large numbers (3 million)•doesn't allow a sentence to begin with a figure. If the first word of a sentence must be a number, the words must be written out; the one exception is in the case of a year (2007 was a very good year . . . .). This instructor thinks this looksawkward and that copy should be rewritten to avoid beginning a sentence with a year.Punctuation•doesn't use the serial comma•uses the apostrophe with plurals of a single letter (three R's), but not with plurals of numerals or multiple letters•to show possession, adds 's to singular common nouns ending in s unless the next word begins with an s (the hostess's invitation, the hostess' seat)•adds only an apostrophe to singular proper names ending in s'•doesn't add an apostrophe to words ending in s that are descriptive (teachers college)•when in doubt, check The Associated Press Stylebook for each markSpelling•The Associated Press Stylebook is organized like a dictionary. For spelling, style and usage questions not covered in the book, consult Webster's New WorldDictionary. When consulting the dictionary,use the first spelling listed, unless a specific exception is noted in the stylebook.A Few Thoughts on Punctuation & GrammarHyphens, En Dashes & Em DashesThe hyphen divides a word between syllables at the end of a line.The hyphen joins the elements of certain compound words.Examples: sky-blue walls, happy-go-lucky.The hyphen is used in non-inclusive numbers, such a telephone numbers and social security numbers.Example: Please call the front desk at 965-6311.Example: The account number is 019-5432-01807.The en dash replaces the conjunctions ―to‖ or ―through‖ in expressions of time. Examples: Monday–Wednesday, March–July, 9 A.M.–10 P.M.The en dash replaces the conjunctions ―to‖ or ―through‖ in expressionsinvolving numerical sequence.Example: pp 4–8, Chapters I–V, Exhibits 3–5.The en dash separates figures (numerals) and letters, often indicating thestart of a subcategory or a further breakdown.Examples: Public law 85–2, Appendix 2–B, WTOP–TVThe en dash replaces the conjunction ―and‖ in expressions like AFL–CIO and AM–FM.The em dash shows that a further explanation is coming.Example: Oil, steel, and wheat—these are the sinews of industrialization.The em dash signals a sudden change in thought in a sentence.Example: When the stockpile was sold—indeed, dumped as surplus—sales were hit hard.The em dash introduces a list, each item of which completes an introductory. Example: After a cursory examination, we wondered —if Jones had consulted anyone before making the decision;if Brown knew Jones;if Braun was as surprised as everyone else.*****Compound AdjectivesCompound adjectives that precede a noun are usually hyphenated. Compound adjectives such as "real-life examples," "hand-picked olives," and "cold-pressed olive oil" are hyphenated. However, when you say ―Our olives are hand picked,‖ the word ―picked‖ becomes a verb, which means that ―hand picked‖ is not hyp henated Example: China imports thousands of mass-produced shoes to the U.S. each week.Example: Our very fine Italian leather shoes are not mass produced.Adverbs that end in "-ly" are not hyphenated when used in a compound phrase.Correct: The brightly lit room made us squint our eyes.Wrong: The brightly-lit room made us squint our eyes.Correct: Lucy is a happily married woman.Wrong: Lucy is a happily-married woman.Correct: Please memorize the most commonly used copyediting marks. Wrong: Please memorize the most commonly-used copyediting marks.When numbers appear at the beginning of a sentenceWhen numbers appear at the beginning of a sentence, that number would be spelled out regardless of any inconsistency this may create. For example—One hundred ten men and 103 women will receive advanced degrees this quarter. Forty in Hollywood, is like 50 anywhere else in the world.*****―Was‖ versus ―Were‖"If I were a hopeless cad, I would never apologize."In this case, ―were‖ is a subjunc tive verb. Subjunctive verbs show up when you state something that is contrary to fact. Tevye, the main character in the musical Fiddler on the Roof,sings ―If I Were a Rich Man‖ with the sadness of a man who knows thathe’ll never be anything but poor. Tevye’s song is about a condition contrary to fact—something that is not true. When used as a subjunctive verb, ―were‖ expresses a condition contrary to fact.If Donovan were an honorable spy, he would not revealatomic secrets to the Taliban.The reason why this is subjunctive is that Donovan is NOT an honorable spy and he IS going to reveal the atomic secret.Correct the following three sentences—If I was president, I would have asked the Martian colony to secede.Murgatroyd acted as though he would have been grammarian-in-chief.Ludmilla would have been happier if she was in the Marines.*****Split InfinitivesAvoid split infinitives. In other words, don’t split your ―to be‖ verbs.Sometimes it’s awkward not to split verb tenses, but avoi d when possible. Wrong: Be sure to promptly reply to the invitation.Correct: Be sure to reply promptly to the invitation.Correct: Be sure to reply to the invitation promptly.Parallel Sentence StructureParallel sentence structure is created when grammatically equivalent forms are used in a series, usually of three or more items, but sometimes only two. Using parallel structure helps to give paragraph coherence. The repeated parallel structures reinforce connections among ideas and they add both tempo and sound to the sentence.Faulty parallelism usually results when you join nonmatching grammatical forms.Wrong: Love and being married go together.Correct: Love and marriage go together.Correct: Being in love and being married go together.Wrong: Having a solid marriage can be more satisfying than the acquisition of wealth.Correct: Having a solid marriage can be more satisfying than acquiring wealth.Correct: A solid marriage can be more satisfying than wealth.Correct: Differing expectations for marriage not only can lead to disappointment but also can make the couple angry.Wrong: Differing expectations for marriage not only can lead to disappointment but also makes the couple angry.*****Quotation Marks, Question Marks, and Exclamation PointsRule One: If you quote a question, put the question mark inside the quotation marks.―Are you trying to kill me?‖ asked Felonia as she shook her fist at the piano mover. As she eyed his lunch, she continued, ―How could you eat a tuna sa ndwich while hoisting a piano?‖Rule Two: If the entire sentence is a quotation, put the question mark outside the quotation marks.Did he say, ―I was just giving you a free piano‖?Did he add, ―I can’t give you a bit of my sandwich because I ate it all‖?Rule Three: For those rare occasions when both the quoted words and the sentence are questions, put the question mark inside the quotation marks. Donot use two sets of quotation marks.Did the mover really ask, ―Is that lady for real?‖Did Fel onia ask, ―What’s the number of a good lawyer?"Correct the following sentences—Did Lulu say, ―I wish a piano would drop on me so that I could sue?‖?Did Lulu say, ―Does he think I’m so ugly that he had to drop a piano on me?‖?Subject and Verb Agreement1. The following pronouns take a singular verb:each anyone someone oneevery anybody no one nobodyeither everyone somebody everybodyneither2. Plurals of Latin and Greek words take a plural verb:datacriteriamediaphenomenacurriculasyllabi3. "A number of . . . . " takes a plural verb:A number of people were in the park.4. "The number of . . . ." takes a singular verb:The number of chores we have prevents us from doing our reports.5. Compound subjects that used the conjunction "and" takes a plural verb.Aging and impairments impose great hardships on citizens.6. A compound subject joined by anything other than "and," such as "as well as,""in addition to, or "along with, "takes a singular verb if the main subject issingular.Aging, as well as impairments, imposes great hardship on citizens.7. A compound subject joined by "or" takes a verb that is in agreement with thesubject closest to the verb:Ill health or misfortune afflicts everyone at some point.When ill health, misfortune, or disabilities afflict us, we know who our friends are.8. "Either . . . or" and "neither . . . nor" follow the same rule that applies to "or":Neither money nor talent was lacking.Neither money nor men were lacking.9. Some plural nouns take singular verbs:Nouns that are plural in form but singular in meaning usually take singularverbs. In all doubtful cases, consult a good dictionary.News travels faster than ever in this age of satellite communication.Economics is a fascinating subject.Words that regularly treated as singular include:aesthetics, astronautics, economics, genetics, linguistics, mathematics, measles, mumps, news, physics, and semantics.Words regularly treated as plural include:blue jeans, slacks, trousers, scissors, and suds.10. Some nouns can take either singular or plural verbs:A few nouns that end in "-ics" (such as athletics, acoustics, and statistics) areconsidered singular when referring to an organized body of knowledge andplural when referring to activities, qualities, or individual facts.Athletics is required of each student. (Activity in games is required of each student.)Athletics provide excellent recreation. (Various games provide excellentrecreation.)Acoustics is an interesting study.The acoustics in the auditorium are good.Collective NounsA collective nouns names a group that is thought of as a unit. A singular collective noun generally requires a singular verb; a plural collective nouns, like other plural nouns, requires a plural verb. Following are examples of collective nouns:army crowd herd platoonaudience den jury policeband faculty league publicchorus family membership quartetclass flock mob staffclergy gang navy teamcommunity government number varsitycouncil group orchestraA singular collective noun that refers to a single unit requires a singular verb.The team refuses to eat at Joe's Diner.A flock of geese is flying south for the winter.A singular collective noun that clearly refers to members of a group as individuals requires a plural verb. (If the plural verb sounds awkward to you, insert "members of" before the collective nouns.)The faculty have been assigned to various committees.The band are going to their homes.The members of the band are going to their homes.When a subject is a plural collective nouns, it requires a plural verb.The teams refuse to eat at Joe's Diner.Several flocks of geese are flying south for the winter.。
peer editing
STEP 1
Suggestions
• Making suggestions means giving the author some specific ideas about how to make his or her writing better. • Remember – stay positive and be speci Here are some areas that you may want to make suggestions about:
STEP 2
– Word choice – Did the author choose interesting words? – Using details (for example, seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, and smelling) – Organization – Can you understand what the author is trying to say? Is it in the correct sequence? – Sentences – Are the sentences too long or too short? – Topic – Does the author stick to the topic or talk about other things that don’t really fit?
associate editors的主要职责
associate editors的主要职责Associate Editors are responsible for managing daily operations and workflow within the editorial department of a publication or organization. The role of an Associate Editor is crucial in ensuring a smooth and efficient workflow, helping to guarantee the timely production of high-quality content. From proofreading and fact-checking to managing the publication schedule, the job of an associate editor is multifaceted and varied. In this article, we will discuss the primary responsibilities of associate editors in more detail.Editing and Proofreading – Associate Editors are responsible for reviewing and proofreading articles, essays, and other content before publication. They ensure that the final product is error-free and meets the organization's standards of quality. They work closely with writers and contributors to provide feedback on their work, make editorial suggestions, and ensure that the content is engaging, informative, and well-written.Content Planning – Associate Editors help to plan, develop and manage the content strategy for the publication. They work closely with the editorial team to set quarterly, monthly, and weekly content goals, decide on topics, and establish editorial calendars.Fact-Checking – In addition to editing and proofreading, associate editors also conduct fact-checking to ensure that all claims in the content are accurate and verifiable. This is an essential task, especially for publications that prioritize journalistic integrity.Copywriting – Another important responsibility of an associateeditor is copywriting. They write headlines, summaries, and subheadings that are concise, compelling, and engaging. Their work is crucial in attracting readers' attention and supporting the publication's brand voice.Managing Freelance Writers – Associate Editors are responsible for managing freelance writers' relationships, providing them with editorial guidelines and resources to ensure that they submit content that meets the publication's standards. They also review and negotiate contracts with freelance contributors and ensure that payments are processed in a timely manner.Publication Schedule – Associate Editors are responsible for coordinating with other departments to ensure that publications are produced on time. They also work with designers, photographers, and other contributors to develop creative content that aligns with the publication's vision and priorities.Social Media Engagement – Associate Editors are responsible for maintaining the publication's social media channels and engaging with the audience. They write social media posts, respond to comments, and monitor analytics to measure the effectiveness of the publication's social media strategy.Event Planning – Associate Editors also help to plan and execute events and activities that engage the audience, such as webinars, conferences, and competitions.In conclusion, Associate Editors play an essential role in the success of a publication. They are responsible for managing dailyoperations, planning and executing content strategies, editing and proofreading, fact-checking, copywriting, managing freelancers, managing the publication schedule, social media engagement, and event planning. With their versatile skills and attention to detail, Associate Editors help to ensure that the content is of high quality, engaging, and informative.Effective communication is one of the most crucial skills required for the role of an Associate Editor. They must have excellent verbal and written communication skills to effectively communicate with the editorial team, freelance writers, photographers, and other contributors involved in the publication process. They must also be excellent listeners to fully understand the needs and concerns of their colleagues and contributors.In addition to excellent communication skills, Associate Editors must have strong organizational and project management skills. They must be able to prioritize tasks and meet deadlines consistently, even in high-pressure or challenging situations. They must also be able to work collaboratively with the editorial team and other departments to deliver an excellent product.Associate Editors must also have a strong attention to detail. They must be able to identify and correct errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation. They must also ensure that the content adheres to the publication's style guidelines and meets the organization's standards of quality.Another critical skill for Associate Editors is adaptability. They must be able to quickly adapt to changing situations, deadlines and workloads as the publishing environment is constantly evolving.They must also be willing to take on new tasks and responsibilities as required.In the current digital age, Associate Editors must also be tech-savvy. They must be familiar with the latest software and digital tools used in the publishing industry. They must also be able to use social media and other digital platforms to engage with the audience and promote the publication.Finally, Associate Editors must be passionate about their work. They must have a genuine interest in the topics covered by the publication and be committed to producing high-quality content that informs, educates, and entertains their readers.In summary, the role of an Associate Editor is multifaceted and varied. Effective communication, organizational and project management skills, attention to detail, adaptability, tech-savviness, and passion are all crucial skills for success. With this diverse skill set, Associate Editors play an essential role in producing high-quality content that informs, educates and entertains the audience.Associate Editors may also be responsible for researching and identifying potential topics and writers, reviewing and editing submissions, and coordinating with vendors and third-party providers. They may also be involved in conducting interviews, writing articles or essays, and ensuring that the content meets the publication's editorial standards.Moreover, technology plays an increasingly important role in publishing, and Associate Editors should have a basic understanding of content management systems (CMS), searchengine optimization (SEO) techniques, and multimedia production. They may also be required to coordinate with other departments, such as advertising or marketing, to ensure the publication's content meets business goals.In addition to these technical skills, Associate Editors are often called upon to provide leadership and guidance to junior staff or interns. They may be responsible for providing feedback, mentoring, and training in writing, editing, and other editorial skills.Overall, the role of an Associate Editor requires a diverse skill set, a high level of dedication, and an unwavering commitment to producing high-quality content. They must work collaboratively with others and be adaptable to change, especially given the fast-paced nature of the publishing industry. By developing and honing these skills, Associate Editors can have a significant impact on the success and reputation of their publication.Associate Editors play a vital role in the publishing industry by helping to manage and execute the editorial process. They are responsible for a wide range of tasks, including reviewing submissions, coordinating with writers and vendors, conducting research, writing articles, and ensuring that the content meets the publication's standards.In addition to these tasks, Associate Editors must have a foundational understanding of technology, such as CMS and SEO, to help meet broader business objectives. They may also provide leadership and mentorship to junior staff members.Successful Associate Editors possess a diverse range of skills,including strong writing and editing abilities, a keen eye for detail, excellent organizational and communication skills, and the adaptability to keep up with a fast-paced industry. By honing these skills, Associate Editors have the potential to make a significant impact on the success and reputation of their publication.。
ISPE：如何验证数据完整性
ISPE：如何验证数据完整性ISPE指南《生产系统数据完整性指南》给出了有关数据完整性的验证要点，如下：Verify per procedures below.根据下列程序（应有）进行确认∙Data definition and mapping Processes∙数据界定和数据映射程序∙System design and development Processes∙系统设计和开发程序∙Good installation practices, checking wiring, grounding, segregation ∙良好安装规范，线路、接地、隔离检查∙Good maintenance practices and asset management∙良好维护规范和资产管理∙Initial validation processes for system elements∙系统要素的初始验证程序∙Initial validation processes for system interfaces∙系统通信接口的初次验证程序∙Security management processes and segregation of duties (including logical and physical security where appropriate)∙安全管理程序和责任划分（包括逻辑和物理安全）∙Change control processes and configuration management∙变更控制程序和配置管理∙Data retention process and regular checks of this∙数据保存程序并定期检查∙Calibration management processes that include determination of required accuracy, resolution, calibration period, loop calibration∙校准管理程序，包括精密度、准确度、校准周期、回路校准∙Data audit trail review process∙数据审计追踪审核程序∙Training∙培训∙SOPs and automated workflow prompts specifically cover manual data entries, data transcription, data processing, requiring second person verification where appropriate∙SOP和自动化工作流图示应包含数据手动输入，数据转录、数据处理，适当时，第二个人确认∙SOPs and automated workflow prompts specifically cover manual usage and interpretation of data outputs (e.g., SOPs for batch data review including audit trail review, alarm responses, reconciliation activities)∙SOP和自动化工作流图示应包含数据输出的认为使用和解释（例如，批数据审核SOP应包含审计追踪审核，报警响应，平衡活动）∙SOPs and automated workflow prompts specifically cover system activities essential to data integrity (e.g., manual change to daylight saving time, manual intervention in response to system alarms, procedures set out in ISPE GAMP® 5, Operation Appendices [15])∙SOP和自动化工作流图示应包含数据完整性所必需的活动（如，手动更改夏令时、系统报警时的手动干预、ISPE GAMP®5 操作附录[15]中规定的程）∙SOPs and automated workflow prompts specifically cover interactions of people and manufacturing systems during production activities, including those traditionally at the MES level as well as the process control level:∙SOP 和自动化工作流图示应包含生产活动期间，人员和生产系统的交互，包括传统上在 MES 级别以及过程控制级别进行交互Verify design items per table below验证下列设计项目Design设计阶段General通用∙Where appropriate, derive user requirements from a business process workflow.∙适当时，用户需求结合业务工作流程∙It is recommended to review General Data Integrity Requirements from Appendix D1 of the ISPE GAMP® Guide: Records and Data Integrity [3] for inclusion in the user requirement specification. (Additional information on data and system lifecycle interrelationships can be found in Section 3.2 of the ISPE GAMP® RDI Good Practice Guide: Data Integrity – Key Concepts [23].)∙建议查看 ISPE GAMP 附录 D1 中的一般数据完整性要求®指南：记录和数据完整性 [3]，以便包含在用户需求规范中。
东莞市控规数据校核机制研究与实践
continue to improve the data checking mechanism of Dongguan detailed regulatory plan.Keywords detailed regulatory planning; electronic check; database; dynamic maintenance; Dongguan1 引言2019年2月18日，中共中央、国务院印发《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》。
作为大湾区重要一员，东莞市委十四届八次全会强调，要顺应湾区时代城市群发展潮流，在坚持“国际制造名城、现代生态都市”的城市定位的基础上，全力打造“湾区都市、品质东莞”。
为了适应城市的快速建设与发展，东莞市政府全力保障我市产业发展和民生工程，而根据《广东省城市控制性详细规划管理条例》，东莞市90%以上购地项目均需进行控规调整。
对比广州、深圳、中山、佛山等周边城市，近年东莞市年均控规调整数量为350宗以上（其中局部调整占比66%，一般调整占比33%），远超广州年均200宗、深圳年均70宗、中山年均30宗。
从数据上看，东莞市控规调整数量多，复杂的控规项目占比高。
因此，引入控规电子校核流程前置于主管部门审批流程，对于提升政府相关部门工作效率及水平具有重要意义。
由于控规的目的是出具规划条件，指导项目实施，因此控规调整涉及多方利益博弈。
通过实行第三方控规电子校核工作，能实现以下几点预期：一是确保报送主管部门的资料规范，主管部门只需对资料进行合理性审查；二是在电子校核的过程中，通过图形规整软件定义本次调整图则的控规要素形成数据库文件，动态更新和维护控规一张图，为政府的建设和企业的用地提供及时准确的指导。
摘要 控制性详细规划数据指标的准确性和规范性，是实现城市规划科学化编制和精细化管理的重要保障。
文章基于东莞市控制性详细规划校核实际，从控规电子校核的流程、技术环节及存在的问题等方面分析研究控规数据校核机制。
Model Checking说明书
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Given an abstraction function h : S Sh, the concrete states are grouped and mapped into abstract states :
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If M has partial behavior of N, we say that “N simulates M”: M N
generate initial abstraction
Mh
model check
Mh |=
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generate counterexample Th
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Th check if counterexample spurious Th is not spurious
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Counterexample-Guided Abstraction Refinement C, SpecC, Verilog
11
Determines Patterns on Infinite Traces
Atomic Propositions a
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Boolean Operations
Temporal operators
a Xa Fa Ga aUb
“a is true now” “a is true in the neXt state” “a will be true in the Future” “a will be Globally true in the future” “a will hold true Until b becomes true”
新教材高中英语Unit1Facevalues预习新知早知道1学案(含解析)外研版选择性
Unit 1 Face valuesⅠ.匹配词义A.单词匹配( )1.selfcritical A．adj.完全相同的；非常相似的( )2.identical B．adj.自我批评的，自我批判的( )3.dormitory C．n.药丸，药片( )4.pill D．n.(大学里的)学生宿舍楼[答案]1－4 BADCB.短语匹配( )1.boost one's confidence A．从头到脚( )2.from head to toe B．增加某人的信心[答案]1－2 BAⅡ.默写单词1．boost v. 促进，推动2．pretend v. 假装，装作3．bother v. (使)苦恼4．acknowledge v. 承认(某事属实或某情况存在)Ⅰ.语境填词boosts，selfcritical，dormitories，bother，pretend，pills，acknowledged，identicalvery selfcritical，performances.2．As we all know，the rocket boosts the astronaut into space.3．You know what this is all about，Natasha.Why pretend otherwise?4．Could I bother you to give the package to ler?5．Most of the students of this college live in the dormitories．6．The handwriting on both cheques is identical．7．The peace settlement effectively acknowledged the country's independence.8．He took a few pills before going to bed.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Children in the kindergarten were dreseed identically(identical)yesterday.2．Mail from home is a great morale booster(boost)for our soldiers.3．There is an acknowledged(acknowledge)risk of lung cancer from the food.4．He didn't like the food，but he made a pretence(pretend)of eating some of it as he was a guest.1．It's a small word with big meaning，and that meaning is as individual to each of us as the way we look.它是一个意义重大的小词，它的意义就像我们每个人的长相一样，因人而异。
checkingfilesystemon是什么意思这种问题如何解决
checkingfilesystemon是什么意思这种问题如何解决有时我们会电脑遇到这样⼀个问题,每次开机都出现这个“checking file system on d或e”。
这是什么意思，怎么解决？今天⼩编就和⼤家⼀起分析下。
checking file system on 是什么意思？电脑开机出现checking file system on D,从开机的错误提⽰可以看出，属于D盘有错误导致的。
⼀般如果电脑某个磁盘产⽣错误即可容易导致此类故障的发⽣，⼀般伴随着开机会有相应的提⽰信息，如checking file system on D/E/F等等，后⾯的D/E/F 是指硬盘呢的盘符，中⽂意思是系统需要检查某某磁盘。
⽅法⼀通常这个提⽰是由于系统检测到硬盘错误⽽启动硬盘⾃检程序的信息。
产⽣这个问题多数是由于⾮正常断电等因素，造成硬盘的磁头没有时间执⾏关机程序并归位造成的。
⼤家⾸先可以重新驱动下电脑，看看能否解决，如果依旧还有这个提⽰，则那么需要检查对应磁盘中的错误。
如上⾯提⽰是D盘有问题，因此可以进⼊“我的电脑”在D盘上右键，选择“属性”，然后再切换都“⼯具”选项，最后在点击“开始检查”并勾选“⾃动修复⽂件系统错误”然后开始检查即可，⼀般都可以解决问题，如下图：假如以上⽅法依然⽆法解决电脑故障，那么在往下看⽅法⼆开机时不能进电脑系统桌⾯停在启动过程中出现如下提⽰checking file system on C : 或 checking file system on D 或 checking file system on E 不同盘符 the type of file system is NTFS .one of your disks needs to be checked for consistency.youmay cancel the disk check . but it is strongly reconmendedthat you cont inuewindows will now check the disk如下图原因分析：前⼀次使⽤没有正常关机计算机，再次从启会出现硬盘检查硬盘问题引起或系统问题引起解决⽅法：出现checking file system on 提⽰时⼀直连按S键可进⼊电脑桌⾯打开注册表的⽅法点击“开始”→“运⾏”菜单项，在“打开”栏中键⼊regedit，然后按“确定”键key_local_machine\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager” 在注册表右侧的窗⼝中找到“BootExecute:REG_MULTI_SZ”键值就是windows关于磁盘扫描的，双击“BootExecute:REG_MULTI_SZ”把⾥⾯的东西删除就OK啦 autocheck autochk * （:“autocheck autochk *”即可恢复成正常的状态。
计算机常用英语词汇大全
计算机常用英语词汇大全CPU(Center Processor Unit)中央处理单元mainboard主板RAM(random access memory)随机存储器(内存)ROM(Read Only Memory)只读存储器Floppy Disk软盘Hard Disk硬盘CD-ROM光盘驱动器(光驱)monitor监视器keyboard键盘mouse鼠标chip芯片CD-R光盘刻录机HUB集线器Modem= MOdulator-DEModulator,调制解调器P-P(Plug and Play)即插即用UPS(Uninterruptable Power Supply)不间断电源BIOS(Basic-input-Output System)基本输入输出系统CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)互补金属氧化物半导体setup安装uninstall卸载wizzard向导OS(Operation Systrem)操作系统OA(Office AutoMation)办公自动化exit退出edit编辑copy复制cut剪切paste粘贴delete删除select选择find查找select all全选replace替换undo撤消redo重做program程序license许可(证)back前一步next下一步finish结束folder文件夹Destination Folder目的文件夹user用户click点击double click双击right click右击settings设置update更新release发布data数据data base数据库DBMS(Data Base Manege System)数据库管理系统view视图insert插入object对象configuration配置command命令document文档POST(power-on-self-test)电源自检程序cursor光标attribute属性icon图标service pack服务补丁option pack功能补丁Demo演示short cut快捷方式exception异常debug调试previous前一个column行row列restart重新启动text文本font字体size大小scale比例interface界面function函数access访问manual指南active激活computer language计算机语言menu菜单GUI(graphical user interfaces )图形用户界面template模版page setup页面设置password口令code密码print preview打印预览zoom in放大zoom out缩小pan漫游cruise漫游full screen全屏tool bar工具条status bar状态条ruler标尺table表paragraph段落symbol符号style风格execute执行graphics图形image图像Unix用于服务器的一种操作系统Mac OS苹果公司开发的操作系统OO(Object-Oriented)面向对象virus病毒file文件open打开colse关闭new新建save保存exit退出clear清除default默认LAN局域网WAN广域网Client/Server客户机/服务器ATM( Asynchronous Transfer Mode)异步传输模式Windows NT微软公司的网络操作系统Internet互联网WWW(World Wide Web)万维网protocol协议HTTP超文本传输协议FTP文件传输协议Browser浏览器homepage主页Webpage网页website网站URL在Internet的WWW服务程序上用于指定信息位置的表示方法Online在线Email电子邮件ICQ网上寻呼Firewall防火墙Gateway网关HTML超文本标识语言hypertext超文本hyperlink超级链接IP(Address)互联网协议(地址)SearchEngine搜索引擎TCP/IP用于网络的一组通讯协议Telnet远程登录IE(Internet Explorer)探索者(微软公司的网络浏览器)Navigator引航者(网景公司的浏览器)multimedia多媒体ISO国际标准化组织ANSI美国国家标准协会able 能active file 活动文件add watch 添加监视点all files 所有文件all rights reserved 所有的权力保留altdirlst 切换目录格式and fix a much wider range of disk problems 并能够解决更大范围内的磁盘问题and other information 以及其它的信息archive file attribute 归档文件属性assign to 指定到auto answer 自动应答auto detect 自动检测auto indent 自动缩进auto save 自动存储available on volume 该盘剩余空间bad command 命令错bad command or filename 命令或文件名错batch parameters 批处理参数binary file 二进制文件binary files 二进制文件Borland international Borland 国际公司bottommargin 页下空白by date 按曰期by extension 按扩展名byname 按名称bytes free 字节空闲call stack 调用栈case sensitive 区分大小写causes prompting to confirm you want to overwritten 要求出现确认提示,在你想覆盖一个central point software inc. central point 软件股份公司change directory 更换目录change drive 改变驱动器change name 更改名称character set 字符集checking for 正在检查check disk and display status report 检查磁盘并显示一个状态报告chgdrivepath 改变盘/路径china 中国choose one of the following 从下列中选一项clear all 全部清除clear all break points 清除所有断点clears an attribute 清除属性clears command history 清除命令历史clear screen 清除屏幕close all 关闭所有文件code generation 代码生成color palette 彩色调色板command line 命令行command prompt 命令提示符compressed file 压缩文件configures hard disk for use with MS-DOS 配置硬盘,以为MS-DOS 所用conventional memory 常规内存copies directories and subdirectories except empty ones 拷贝目录和子目录,空的除外copies files with the archive attribute set 拷贝设置了归档属性的文件copies one or more files to another location 把文件拷贝或搬移至另一地方copies the contents of one floppy disk to another 把一个软盘的内容拷贝到另一个软盘上copy diskette 复制磁盘copy move comp finder name delete verview edit attrib word print list C拷贝M移动O比F搜索R改名D删除V版本E浏览A 属性W写字P打印L列表copyright 版权(c create dos partition or logical dos drive 创建DOS分区或逻辑DOS驱动器Create extended dos partition 创建扩展DOS分区Create logical dos drives in the extended dos partition 在扩展DOS 分区中创建逻辑DOS驱动器Create primary dos partition 创建DOS主分区Creates a directory 创建一个目录Creates changes or deletes the volume label of a disk 创建,改变或删除磁盘的卷标Current file 当前文件Current fixed disk drive 当前硬盘驱动器Current settings 当前设置Current time 当前时间Cursor position 光标位置defrag 整理碎片dele 删去delete partition or logical dos drive 删除分区或逻辑DOS驱动器deletes a directory and all the subdirectories and files in it 删除一个目录和所有的子目录及其中的所有文件del tree 删除树device driver 设备驱动程序dialog box 对话栏direction keys 方向键directly 直接地directory list argument 目录显示变量directory of 目录清单directory structure 目录结构disk access 磁盘存取disk copy 磁盘拷贝disk services copy compare find rename verify view edit map locate initialize 磁盘服务功能: C拷贝O比较F搜索R改卷名V校验浏览E编缉M图L找文件N格式化disk space 磁盘空间display file 显示文件display options 显示选项display partition information 显示分区信息displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories 显示指定目录和所有目录下的文件displays files with specified attributes 显示指定属性的文件displaysorchangesfileattributes 显示或改变文件属性displays or sets the date 显示或设备曰期displays setup screen sin mono chrome instead of color 以单色而非彩色显示安装屏信息displays the amount of used and free memory in your system 显示系统中已用和未用的内存数量displays the full path and name of every file on the disk 显示磁盘上所有文件的完整路径和名称displays the name of or changes the current directory 显示或改变当前目录doctor 医生doesn’t不doesn’t change the attribute 不要改变属性dos shell DOS 外壳double click 双击do you want to display the logical drive information y/n 你想显示逻辑驱动器信息吗(y/n)?drive letter 驱动器名edit menu 编辑选单ems memory ems内存end of file 文件尾end of line 行尾enter choice 输入选择entire disk 转换磁盘environment variable 环境变量esc esc every file and subdirectory 所有的文件和子目录existing destination file 已存在的目录文件时expanded memory 扩充内存expand tabs 扩充标签explicitly 明确地extended memory 扩展内存fastest 最快的fat file system fat 文件系统fdisk options fdisk选项file attributes 文件属性file format 文件格式file functions 文件功能file selection 文件选择file selection argument 文件选择变元files in 文件在files in subdir 子目录中文件files listed 列出文件file spec 文件说明file specification 文件标识files selected 选中文件find file 文件查寻fixed disk 硬盘fixed disk setup program 硬盘安装程序fixes error son the disk 解决磁盘错误floppy disk 软盘format diskette 格式化磁盘formats a disk for use with MS dos 格式化用于MS-DOS的磁盘form feed 进纸free memory 闲置内存full screen 全屏幕function procedure 函数过程graphical 图解的graphics library 图形库group directories first 先显示目录组hang up 挂断hard disk 硬盘hardware detection 硬件检测has been 已经help file 帮助文件help index 帮助索引help information 帮助信息help path 帮助路径help screen 帮助屏help text 帮助说明help topics 帮助主题help window 帮助窗口hidden file 隐含文件hidden file attribute 隐含文件属性hidden files 隐含文件how to 操作方式ignore case 忽略大小写in both conventional and upper memory 在常规和上位内存incorrect dos 不正确的DOSincorrect dos version DOS 版本不正确indicates binary file 表示是一个二进制文件indicates an asci text file 表示是一个ascii文本文件insert mode 插入方式instead of using chkdsk try using scandisk 请用scandisk,不要用chkdskin use 在使用invalid directory 无效的目录is 是Kbytes 千字节Keyboard type 键盘类型Label disk 标注磁盘laptop 膝上largest executable program 最大可执行程序largest memory block available 最大内存块可用left handed 左手习惯left margin 左边界line number 行号line numbers 行号line spacing 行间距list by files in sorted order 按指定顺序显示文件list file 列表文件list of 清单locate file 文件定位look at 查看look up 查找macro name 宏名字make directory 创建目录memory info 内存信息memory model 内存模式menu bar 菜单条menu command 菜单命令menus 菜单message window 信息窗口microsoft 微软Microsoft antivirus 微软反病毒软件Microsoft corporation 微软公司mini 小的modem setup 调制解调器安装module name 模块名monitor mode 监控状态monochrome monitor 单色监视器move to 移至multi 多new data 新建数据newer 更新的new file 新文件new name 新名称new window 新建窗口norton norton nostack 栈未定义note use deltree cautiously 注意:小心使用deltreeonline help 联机求助optionally 可选择地or 或page frame 页面page length 页长pauses after each screen full of information 在显示每屏信息后暂停一下pc tools pc工具postscript 附言prefix meaning not 前缀意即\"不prefix to reverse order 反向显示的前缀preset switches by prefixing any switch with hyphen for example w 用前缀和放在短横线-后的开关(例如/-w)预置开关press a key to resume 按一键继续press any key for file functions 敲任意键执行文件功能presenter to keep the same date 敲回车以保持相同的曰期presenter to keep the same time 敲回车以保持相同的时间press esc to continue 敲esc继续press esc to exit 敲键退出press esc to exit fdisk 敲esc退出fdiskpress esc to returnt of disk options 敲esc返回fdisk选项previously 在以前print all 全部打印print device 打印设备printer port 打印机端口processes files in all directories in the specified path 在指定的路径下处理所有目录下的文件program file 程序文件programming environment 程序设计环境prompts you before creating each destination file 在创建每个目标文件时提醒你prompts you to press a key before copying 在拷贝前提示你敲一下键pulldown 下拉pulldown menus 下拉式选单quick format 快速格式化quick view 快速查看read only file 只读文件read only file attribute 只读文件属性read only files 只读文件read only mode 只读方式redial 重拨repeat last find 重复上次查找report file 报表文件resize 调整大小respectively 分别地right margin 右边距root directory 根目录runs debug a program testing and editing tool 运行debug, 它是一个测试和编辑工具runtimeerror 运行时出错save all 全部保存save as 另存为scandisk 磁盘扫描程序scandisk can reliably detect scandisk可以可靠地发现screen colors 屏幕色彩screen options 屏幕任选项screensaver 屏幕暂存器screensavers 屏幕保护程序screen size 屏幕大小scrollbars 翻卷栏scroll lock off 滚屏已锁定search for 搜索sectors per track 每道扇区数select group 选定组selection bar 选择栏set active partition 设置活动分区set up options 安装选项short cut keys 快捷键show clipboard 显示剪贴板single side 单面size move 大小/移动sort help S排序H帮助sort order 顺序special services directory maintain 特殊服务功能: D目录维护specifies drive directory and or files to list 指定要列出的驱动器,目录,和文件specifies that you want to change to the parent directory 指定你想把父目录作为当前目录specifies the directory and or file name for the new file 指定新文件的目录或文件名specifies the file or files to be copied 指定要拷贝的文件stack over flow 栈溢出standalone 独立的startup options 启动选项statusline 状态行step over 单步summary of 摘要信息suppresses prompting to confirm you want to over writean 取消确认提示,在你想覆盖一个swapfile 交换文件switches maybe preset in the dir cmd environment variable 开关可在dircmd环境变量中设置switch to 切换到sync 同步system file 系统文件system files 系统文件system info 系统信息system information 系统信息程序table of contents 目录terminal emulation 终端仿真terminal settings 终端设置test file 测试文件test file parameters 测试文件参数the active window 激活窗口the switch /y maybe preset in the copy cmd environment variable /y 开关可以在copy cmd环境变量中预置the two floppy disks must be the same type 两个软磁盘必须是同种类型的this maybe over ridden with /y on the command line 在命令行输入/-y可以使之无效toggle break point 切换断点to MS-DOS 转到MS-DOStop margin 页面顶栏turnoff 关闭type cd drive to display the current directory in the specified drive 键入cd驱动器:显示指定驱动器的当前目录type cd without parameters to display the current drive and directory 键入无参数的cd以显示当前驱动器的当前目录type date without parameters to display the current date setting and键入无参数的date,显示当前曰期设置和unmark 取消标记unselect 取消选择uses bare format 使用简洁方式uses lowercase 使用小写uses wide list format 使用宽行显示using help 使用帮助verbosely 冗长地verifies that new files are written correctly 校验新文件是否正确写入了video mode 显示方式view window 内容浏览viruses 病毒vision 景象vollabel 卷标volumelabel 卷标volume serial number is 卷序号是windows help windows 帮助wordwrap 整字换行working directory 正在工作的目录worm 蠕虫write mode 写方式write to 写到xms memory 扩充内存you may 你可以KB:等于1024 ByteMB:等于1024 KBGB：等于1024 MBByte:字节，等于8 bit（8个位的组合，共有256种电路状态），计算机一个文字以8 bit来表示bit:位，计算机数据最基本的单位，又0与1两种电路状态。
effective_peer_editing_workshop_for_web
Effective Peer Editing WorkshopIt’s necessary to make it clear exactly what is going to be expected of students when they embark on peer editing, and to ensure that they understand that the editing they do is not pro forma, but is an important part of the writing project. One way to do this is, of course, to assign marks to this step but another critical strategy is to model in class what you expect your students to do. What follows is a suggested short workshop plan for such a modeling activity.For this exercise you need to find (or create) a sample piece of student writing* on a course-related topic and make it available to your students either by putting a transparency on an overhead projector, a page on PowerPoint, or giving them a printout. You should also provide a handout with peer review guidelines for them to work from. A Sample handout is available here, but you may well want to create one of your own that emphasizes the learning objectives of your course.One thing that we do know from experience is that if we do not indicate specific topic areas to guide students towards making analytical comments, they will either focus on mechanical or copy-editing details, be overly affected by their feelings for the author (“Good work,” or “Remember to use Spell Check”), or never really engage in a critical way with the material. Proper Peer editing requires the reader to think, and to think hard, but students don’t normally expect to do the work required at this stage.In an in-class workshop, you should ask students to suggest what sorts of comments they think are appropriate at each stage, discuss their comments, then illustrate yourself what you would expect from a peer editor.You may find that some of your students have had previous bad experiences with peer editing. This can interfere with their desire to revisit the process. So it’s always a good idea to discuss what went wrong (or right) with any previous experiences before you begin. This is a good place for you to give your own rationale for using peer editing as well as to discuss how you will be organizing the process to make it a positive one.*If you use an actual student paper you will need to ask for written permission to use the work for teaching purposesSuggested Lesson Plan for a Short Workshop on Peer Editing1) 3 Steps to Peer Editing:There are three important steps to remember when you are peer editing another student’s writing.•Step 1 – Overview of the paper’s strengths•Step 2 – Suggestions•Step 3 – CorrectionsSTEP 1: Overview of the paper’s strengths•The first rule of peer editing is to BE CONSTRUCTIVE.•Remember, you are helping to change someone else’s work. Consider the tone of your commentary and make specific but practical suggestions. Understandthat this is a working draft and offer your advice accordingly.•Always start your peer editing by mentioning the paper’s particular strengths.•Tell the writer what you think he or she did well:•Your strengths as a writer are ________•These examples are excellent because…•Your strongest section is ________•This was really intriguing because…•I liked the way you_________…(Lesson Suggestion: Now read the sample piece of writing as a class. Ask them to record three comments about the things in text that they would tell the author are strengths. Then note the following and indicate what kinds of comments would be the most helpful to someone revising a paper. Tell your students what you will be looking for when you mark their peer edits.)•What kinds of positive comments were made?•Structural comments•Argumentative evaluations•General tone of language used or comments about writing style andgrammar•Clarity of issues considered•Specific references to sources used•Direction of investigation (is it logical, focused, and clearly stated)STEP 2: Suggestions•Making suggestions means giving the author some specific ideas about how to improve their writing.•Remember – stay positive and be specific in your comments. Make them from the point of view of a reader, so that you communicate where the problem is for their audience.It’s also a very good idea to phrase your comments as questions you are asking them to answer – to show them where they need to go further in their explanation, in their use of evidence, or where the logic of their argument is unclear. Also, by phrasing yourcomments from a reader’s point of view, you don’t make absolute claims and don’t runthe risk of hurt feelings. Hurt feelings rarely have a positive effect on a person’s desireto change the way they do things – they are more likely to react negatively andaggressively to suggestions.•Instead of, “It doesn’t make sense,” say something like: “Unpack your ideas here.Right now I’m having trouble understanding what you mean but if you explain itmore fully it might become clear.”•Instead of, “Your word choice was boring or inaccurate,” say something like: “I find the repetition of terms distracting; consider revising here,” or “I’m notfollowing this; can you be more specific in your use of terms?”•Here are some areas that you may want to make suggestions about:•Thesis – Is the thesis argument clear, very specific, and arguable?•Organization – Can you understand what the author is trying to say? Is it in the correct sequence?•Counter arguments – Did the author deal with opposing arguments?•Using details or evidence (i.e. reference to specific theories, authors, books, ideas, times, and/or places)•Topic – Does the author stick to the topic or talk about other things that don’t really fit?•Word choice – Did the author choose appropriate and academic words?•Sentences – Are the sentences too long or too short?(Lesson Suggestion: Read the paragraph on the handout again. Record threesuggestions you would make to the author regarding the writing sample.)•What kinds of suggestions were made?•Possible issues overlooked•Argument recommendation or thesis-related problems•Papers, articles, or books that may be valuable to author•Organizational pointers•Re-phrasing any awkward or colloquial phrasesSTEP 3: Corrections•The third step in the peer editing process is making corrections.•Corrections means checking your peer’s paper for:•Spelling mistakes•Grammar mistakes•Missing punctuation•Incomplete or run-on sentences(Lesson suggestion: Read through the writing sample again. Circle, underline, and use editing marks to correct errors in spelling, punctuation, or grammar.)Things to Remember:•Be constructive – Try to make suggestions and corrections in a positive way.•Be specific – Give the author specific ideas on how to improve his or her writing.•Complete all 3 steps – compliments, suggestions, and corrections.。
新教材高中英语Unit1Facevalues预习新知早知道1学案外研版选择性必修第三册
新教材高中英语：Unit 1 Face valuesⅠ.匹配词义a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.enlarge A．adj.痴迷的，迷恋的；过度的(含贬义) ( )2.obsessive B．v.(使)增大，扩大( )3.misjudge C．adj.古怪的；奇异的( )arre D．v.对(人或情况)判断错误( )5.skinny E．adj.极瘦的，皮包骨的[答案] 1－5 BADCEb．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.boost one's confidence A．从头到脚( )2.from head to toe B．增加某人的信心( )3.a lack of C．渴求( )4.a desire for D．对……感到惊讶( )5.be surprised at E．缺乏[答案] 1－5 BAECDⅡ.默写单词1．selfcritical adj. 自我批评的，自我批判的2．boost v. 促进，推动3．pretend v. 假装，装作4．identical adj. 完全相同的；非常相似的5．dormitory n. (大学里的)学生宿舍楼6．roommate n. (尤指大学里的)室友7．overlook v. 忽视，忽略8．bother v. (使)苦恼9．pill n. 药丸，药片10．acknowledge v. 承认(某事属实或某情况存在)Ⅰ.语境填空identical; selfcritical; roommate; dormitory; bother; acknowledge; m akeover; pretend; boost; pill1．I took a pill to help settle my nerves.2．She lived in a dormitory before graduation.3．The football match will boost the team's friendship and confidence.4．Don't turn in work that you know is wrong but pretend that you think it is right.5．These figures are almost identical to the predictions we issued last August.6．At last，she had to acknowledge being defeated by her partner.7．I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment.8．Only an openended and continuousl y selfcritical approach could avoid paralysis in the theory.9．After having a makeover at a beauty salon，she went to the party with her husband.10．The girl who I talked to just now is my roommate．Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．He said he hadn't eaten anything for over 3 days and looked extremely skinny (skin) and unhealthy.2．There are plans to enlarge (large)the recreation area.3．She is happy to find her mother tolerating her obsessive (obsess) behavior of playing computer.4．To misjudge(judge)means to form a wrong opinion about a person or situation.1．It's a small word with big meaning，and that meaning is as individual to each of us as the way we look.这个小小的字有着十分丰富的含义，对于我们每个人来说，这个意义就像我们的外表一样是因人而异的。
关于汉语编辑的英语作文
关于汉语编辑的英语作文Title: The Art of Chinese Language Editing。
In the realm of linguistic endeavors, the intricate art of Chinese language editing stands as a testament to the delicate balance between preserving tradition and embracing modernity. With its rich history and complex characters, Chinese writing poses unique challenges and opportunities for editors seeking to convey meaning accurately and elegantly. In this essay, we delve into the nuances of Chinese language editing, exploring its significance, techniques, and evolving role in a global context.First and foremost, the importance of Chinese language editing cannot be overstated in a world where effective communication is paramount. As one of the most widely spoken languages globally, with over a billion native speakers, Chinese serves as a bridge connecting cultures, businesses, and ideas. Whether in literature, academia, or business communication, precise editing ensures clarity,coherence, and cultural sensitivity in conveying messages to diverse audiences.At the heart of Chinese language editing lies the mastery of characters, strokes, and structures unique to the language. Unlike alphabetic writing systems, Chinese characters embody meaning and pronunciation simultaneously, demanding meticulous attention to detail. Editors must possess a deep understanding of grammar, syntax, and semantics to navigate the complexities of Chinese text effectively.One fundamental aspect of Chinese language editing is maintaining linguistic elegance and cultural authenticity. Chinese literature and classical texts abound with poetic imagery, idiomatic expressions, and cultural referencesthat enrich the language's depth and beauty. Skillful editors adeptly preserve these nuances while ensuring readability and relevance in contemporary contexts.Moreover, the advent of digital tools and technology has revolutionized Chinese language editing, offeringeditors unprecedented efficiency and precision. From grammar-checking software to machine translation systems, technology complements human expertise, streamlining the editing process and expanding possibilities forcollaboration and creativity.However, alongside technological advancements, Chinese language editing faces challenges stemming from linguistic evolution and globalization. The proliferation of internet slang, regional dialects, and foreign loanwords poses dilemmas for editors striving to maintain linguistic purity and clarity. Balancing traditional norms with evolving language usage requires adaptability and discernment to uphold standards while embracing linguistic diversity.Furthermore, in an increasingly interconnected world, Chinese language editing transcends geographical boundaries, serving as a bridge between cultures and languages. AsChina assumes a more prominent role on the global stage, demand for high-quality Chinese editing services surges, facilitating cross-cultural communication and understanding.In conclusion, Chinese language editing embodies a harmonious blend of tradition and innovation, preserving linguistic heritage while embracing technological advancements and cultural diversity. As stewards of communication, editors play a pivotal role in shaping discourse, fostering mutual understanding, and enriching the tapestry of human expression. Through meticulous attention to detail, linguistic expertise, and cultural sensitivity, Chinese language editors uphold the integrity and beauty of the written word, transcending linguistic barriers and connecting hearts and minds across the globe.。
英语作文命题分析怎么写
英语作文命题分析怎么写To analyze English essay prompts, you'll need to follow a structured approach to thoroughly examine the given topic. Here's a guideline to help you:1. Understanding the Prompt:Begin by carefully reading and understanding the prompt. Identify the main topic and any specificinstructions provided.2. Identifying Key Components:Break down the prompt into its key components, such as the main subject, any keywords or phrases, and the taskor question being asked.3. Analyzing Keywords:Analyze the keywords in the prompt to understandtheir significance and how they shape the direction of your essay. Look for action verbs that indicate what you need to do (e.g., analyze, discuss, compare, contrast).4. Clarifying the Task:Determine the specific task or question you're being asked to address. This could involve explaining a concept, providing arguments for or against a statement, analyzing a situation, proposing solutions to a problem, etc.5. Considering Different Perspectives:Think about different angles or perspectives you could take in responding to the prompt. Consider whether there are multiple interpretations or aspects to explore.6. Drawing on Background Knowledge:Draw on your background knowledge or experiences related to the topic. Consider what you already know and any relevant information you can bring to your analysis.7. Developing a Thesis Statement:Based on your analysis of the prompt and your preliminary thoughts, develop a clear thesis statement that articulates your main argument or position.8. Outlining Your Essay:Create an outline that organizes your ideas and arguments logically. Divide your essay into introduction, body paragraphs (each addressing a specific point or aspect), and conclusion.9. Gathering Supporting Evidence:Gather relevant evidence, examples, facts, or quotes to support your arguments. Make sure the evidence you provide is credible and effectively supports your thesis.10. Structuring Your Essay:Write your essay following a clear structure, with each paragraph focused on a single main idea or argument. Ensure smooth transitions between paragraphs to maintain coherence.11. Revising and Editing:Review your essay to ensure that it effectively addresses the prompt and that your arguments are well-supported and logically presented. Edit for clarity, coherence, grammar, and punctuation.12. Checking for Consistency:Double-check that your essay remains focused on the prompt and does not deviate into unrelated topics. Ensure that every part of your essay contributes to answering the prompt.13. Finalizing Your Essay:Make any necessary revisions and finalize youressay. Ensure that it meets the word count requirement and is well-organized and coherent.By following these steps, you can effectively analyze an English essay prompt and develop a well-structured and insightful response. Remember to stay focused on the prompt and tailor your analysis to address the specific task or question provided.。
关于校对的英语口语怎么表达
【导语】校对是书刊出版⼯作中的⼀道⼯序。
即依据原稿或定本核对校样，改正校样上的差错。
那么校对英语怎么说呢?以下是由⽆忧考整理的关于校对的英语⼝语怎么表达，⼀起来了解下吧！【篇⼀】校对英语怎么说 1.(核对) proofread; proof; revision; check; collate 2.(校对⼈) proofreader 3.(核对是否符合标准) check against a standard; calibrate 例句： He proofread completed letters very carefully . 他把完成的书信很⼩⼼地校对。
They should be checked frequently against a standard thermocouple . 它们经常要⽤标准热电偶来校对。
He is first a reader and then a junior editor at ellison and co . 他在艾礼逊出版社先是做⼀对，后来当上了初级编辑。
Out of study, revision, checking, and rechecking finally evolved the essentials of the attack plan . 我们的研讨过程完毕以后，即⾏逐项修正、校对再校对，最后才完成了攻击计划的要旨。
For the third course, one of us, a. sechehay, performed the same detailed task of collating and synthesizing the material . ⾄于第三度课，我们中的阿雪施蔼也做了同样细致的校对和校订⼯作。
Discussion on proofreading quality of sci - tech journals 科技期刊校对质量及其控制 A lot of proof - reading is put out to freelancers 校对⼯作有很多是请外⼈做的。
英语作文写报道的方法
英语作文写报道的方法Title: A Comprehensive Guide to Writing News Reports。
In today's fast-paced world, effective communication is paramount, and news reporting stands as one of the most vital mediums through which information is disseminated. Crafting a compelling news report requires a blend of meticulous research, clear writing, and an understanding of the audience's interests. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the essential components and techniques of news reporting, drawing inspiration from the most downloaded samples available online.1. Choosing a Newsworthy Topic。
The foundation of any news report lies in its newsworthiness. A topic that is timely, relevant, and of interest to the target audience is crucial. Whether it's a local event, a global issue, or a human-interest story, the chosen topic should resonate with the readers or viewers.2. Conducting Thorough Research。
制作文字的软件
制作文字的软件英文回答：1. Microsoft Word is a popular word processing software that allows users to create, edit, and format text documents. It offers a wide range of features, including spell checking, grammar checking, and the ability to insert images and tables.2. Google Docs is a free online word processor that offers many of the same features as Microsoft Word. It is a cloud-based application, which means that users can access their documents from any device with an internet connection.3. Apple Pages is a word processing software that is available for Mac computers. It offers a clean and user-friendly interface, and it is compatible with Microsoft Word documents.4. LibreOffice Writer is a free and open-source wordprocessing software that is compatible with Microsoft Word documents. It is a powerful tool that offers a variety of features, including spell checking, grammar checking, and the ability to create tables of contents and indexes.5. WPS Office Writer is a free and cross-platform word processing software that is compatible with Microsoft Word documents. It is a lightweight and fast application that offers a variety of features, including spell checking, grammar checking, and the ability to create tables and charts.6. TextEdit is a simple and easy-to-use text editorthat is available for Mac computers. It is a good choicefor basic text editing tasks, such as creating and editing text documents.7. Notepad is a simple and basic text editor that is available for Windows computers. It is a good choice for basic text editing tasks, such as creating and editing text documents.8. Vim is a powerful and customizable text editor that is available for Linux, Mac, and Windows computers. It is a popular choice for programmers and developers, but it can also be used for basic text editing tasks.9. Emacs is a powerful and extensible text editor that is available for Linux, Mac, and Windows computers. It is a popular choice for programmers and developers, but it can also be used for basic text editing tasks.10. Sublime Text is a cross-platform text editor that is popular with programmers and developers. It offers a variety of features, including syntax highlighting, code completion, and the ability to create and edit multiple files at the same time.中文回答：1. Microsoft Word是一款流行的文字处理软件，允许用户创建、编辑和格式化文本文档。
peer editing
Things to Remember…
Correction Format --r.f. Teacher’s Manual (city life –page 9)
Evaluation questions A brief comment
*** Don’t make your paragraph too dense. Leave
“Instead of using the word good, maybe you can use the word exceptional.”
STEP 2
Suggestions
• Here are some areas that you may want to make suggestions about:
– Word choice – Did the author choose interesting words?
– Using details (for example, seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, and smelling)
– Organization – Can you understand what the author is trying to say? Is it in the correct sequence?
room for your partner to make comments.
What is Peer Editing?
• A peer is someone your own age. • Editing means making suggestions, comments,
compliments, and changes to writing.
监柜参考报告
LOADING REPORTCLIENT : SKRAPSUPPLIER : CIXI DONGPIN ELECTRICMERCHANDISE DESCRIPTION : HeaterP.O.NO. : N/ALOADING DA TE : 2010610LOADING PLACE : CIXI CHINAThese goods were previously inspected date on June 10, 2010 as per our inspection Report No. 1) Quantity Checking: (No. of cartons of the entire batch)Result:Total Quantity: Pieces CartonsOrder quantity: Shipment Quantity: 12264 1533Item Order quantity(pcs/ctn) Shipping quantity(ctn/pcs)PTC303A 847/6776PTC303B 460/3680PTC304A 226/1808Total 1533/122642) Checking for contents inside packaging: Sample Size ( 1 carton /item)Defective samples Critical Major Minor No defect was found Total: 0 0 03) Packaging Check:Packaging method: Unit in poly bag and instruction manual, guarantee sheet were packaged into gift box. 8 gift boxes were packed into export carton. Export carton was sealed with clear tape.Note: Only item: PTC303B was listed on report for you reference and other item, please refer to photo.Note:1 Actual assorted quantity per carton was conformed to carton requirement.2 78 cartons of item PTC303A, 460 cartons of item PTC303B and 226 cartons of item PTC304Awere filled into the container which the number was OOLU 8112004; 769 cartons of item PTC303Awere filled into the container which the number was TCNU 7052146.3 Weight and carton sizes refer to inspection report4) Shipping Mark:Main Mark ( 2 Sides) Side Mark ( 0 Side)N/ANote: Only item PTC303B was listed on report for you reference and other item, please refer to photo.5) Loading survey:Detail were found as below:Container 1:Quantity 6112 Pieces( 764 cartons)Weather condition Cloudy at afternoonContainer No. OOLU 8112004Size of Container 45G1Seal No. OOL A VC 2097Tractor No. 浙B 16880&浙B 16880Loading time 9:0011:20Our inspector arrival time 8:50Our inspector leave time 20:00Container 2:Quantity 6152 Pieces( 769 cartons)Weather condition Rainy at nightContainer No. TCNU 7052146Size of Container 45G1Seal No. OOL A VC2088Tractor No. 浙B A5465&浙B 695挂Loading time 17:4019:40Our inspector arrival time 8:50Our inspector leave time 20:00Note: For details, please refer to digital photos.QC Allen Auditor MikePHOTO ATTACHMENT1 container 11 truck 12 truck 23 truck 34 container 15 container 26 container 37 container 4 8 empty container 9 loading process 1 10 loading process 2 11 loading process 3 12 loading process 413 loading process 5 14 full container 15 open the door 1 16 open the door 2 17 sealed with the seal 18 seal2 container 21 truck 12 truck 23 truck 34 container 15 container 26 container 37 container 4 8 container 59 empty container 10 loading process 1 11 loading process 2 12 loading process 313 loading process 4 14 full container 15 open the door 1 16 open the door 2 17 sealed with the seal 18 seal3 PTC303A1 shipping mark 12 shipping mark 23 gift box4 details of gift box 15 details of gift box 26 details of gift box 37 details of gift box 4 8 details of gift box 5 9 details of gift box 6 10 details of gift box 7 11 details of gift box 8 12 gift box packing13 printing on polybag 14 instruction manual 1 15 instruction manual 2 16 instruction manual 3 17 instruction manual 4 18 warranty card 119 warranty card 2 20 plug 121 plug 2 22 power cord23 unit view 1 24 unit view 225 unit view 3 26 unit view 4 27 unit view 5 28 unit view 6 29 unit view 7 30 unit view 831 unit view 9 32 unit view 104 PTC303B1 shipping mark 12 shipping mark 23 gift box4 details of gift box 15 details of gift box 26 details of gift box 37 details of gift box 48 details of gift box 59 details of gift box 6 10 details of gift box 711 details of gift box 8 12 gift box packing13 printing 14 instruction manual 1 15 instruction manual 2 16 instruction manual 317 instruction manual 4 18 warranty card 1 19 warranty card 2 20 unit view 121 unit view 2 22 unit view 323 unit view 4 24 unit view 5 25 unit view 6 26 unit view 7 27 unit view 8 28 unit view 9N/A29 unit view 105 item PTC303A1 shipping mark 12 barcode3 shipping mark 24 carton packing5 detail of gift box 16 detail of gift box 27 detail of gift box 38 detail of gift box 49 detail of gift box 5 10 detail of gift box 611 detail of gift box 7 12 detail of gift box 8 13 gift box packing 14 unit packing 15 instruction sheet 1 16 instruction sheet 217 instruction sheet 3 18 instruction sheet 419 power cord 1 20 power cord 221 plug 1 22 plug 223 power cord 1 24 power cord 2 25 unit view 1 26 unit view 2 27 unit view 3 28 unit view 429 logo 30 rating label 31 unit view 5 32 unit view 6 33 unit view 7 34 unit view 835 unit view 9 36 unit view 10N/A37 unit view 11******************************************************************************。
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ExerciseThis exercise uses the model file, cover.hm.Step 1: Retrieve and view the HyperMesh model file.Open the file cover.hm located in the <installation folder>\tutorials\hm directory. Step 2: Review the model’s free edges to identify shell element connectivity problems.1. Access the Edges panel in the following ways:• From the Menu Bar, click Mesh >Check >Components > Edges• From the main menu, select the Tool page, and then click edges• Press the SHIFT+F3 keys2. With the comps selector active, click any element in the graphics area.The component containing the element is selected.3. Click find edges.Red, 1-D elements are displayed. They are organized into the new component named^edges. A red 1-D element is created along each shell element edge that is free; one or more of the element edge’s nodes is not shared by the adjacent elements.Note: For a component name whose first character is ^, the component and its contents is not written to the input file when the model is exported.4. Click Shaded Elements and Mesh Lines ().5. Observe the red, 1-D elements (free edges).6. Try to identify gaps in the continuity of the mesh.Hint: Look closely at free edges interior to the model.7. In the Model Browser, turn the display on and off for the component shells to continue toidentify which red, free edges do not belong.8. Turn on the display for the component, shells.Step 3: Correct the shell element connectivity problems using the edges panel.1. In the tolerance= field, type 0.01.2. Select an element in the graphics area to select the component.3. Click preview equiv.The status bar displays the following message: "81 nodes were found."A sphere, , is created on nodes having a distance between each other equal to or lessthan the specified tolerance.4. Notice that for this exercise’s model, a sphere is not created on every node along all of thered, free edges, which do not belong. A larger tolerance must be specified to identify the rest of the nodes.5. For tolerance =, increase its value until all 96 nodes are identified as shown in the followingimage.Be careful not to increase the tolerance value to too much. Although the 96 nodes will be identified, an excessively large tolerance value may collapse elements when the identified nodes are equivalenced. To find out the maximum value that can be safely used for tolerance without collapsing the elements, press the F10 key to go to the check elems panel, go to 2-d sub-panel and click length. The status bar will display ‘…The min length is 1.49.’ Atolerance value < 1.49 can safely be used, without causing any elements to collapse when identified nodes are equivalenced. Click return to go back to edges panel.The nodes identified with preview equivalence6. Click equivalence.The 96 coincident nodes are equivalenced.7. Rotate and observe the model to see that the mesh still looks as it should and no elementsare collapsed.8. Click delete edges.The red, free edges and their component, ^edges, are deleted.Note: Remain in the edges panel.Step 4: Review the model’s free edges again to confirm that all of the shell element connectivity problems have been corrected.1. Select the component in the Graphics Area.2. Click find edges.Observe the red, 1-D elements (free edges).Are there any red, free edges that should not belong if the mesh was continuous or if all of the elements were connected?Hint: Only red, free edges should exist on the perimeter of the part and on periphery of internal holes.3. Use the Model Browser to turn the display off and on for the component, shells, to observethat all of the free, red edges belong.4. After verifying that the model has correct red, free edges, click delete edges.5. Click return to exit the panel.Red, free edges that belongStep 5: Display the element normals and adjust them to point in the same direction.1. Go to the Normals panel. The Normals panel can be accessed in the following ways:• From the Menu Bar, click Mesh >Check > Elements > Normals• Press the SHIFT+F10 keys2. Choose the elements sub-panel and set toggle to vector display normals.3. With the comps selector active, select one element from the graphics area to select thecomponent.4. Click display normals.Arrows (vectors) are drawn from the element centroids and show the direction of the element normals.Notice the arrows do not all point from the same side of the part. For some analyses, the element normals should point from the same side.5. Click size = and enter the size which the normal should be in model units and select displaynormals again.When size = is set to 0, the vector will be 10% of the screen.6. Toggle vector display normals to color display normals.7. Click display normals.The element normals are displayed using colors. The red side of the elements is the positive normal direction, while the blue side is the negative normal direction.8. Notice each side of the part shows red and blue.9. Click the orientation: elem selector to make it active.10. Select an element from the graphics area.11. Click adjust normals.All elements on either side of the part are the same color, red or blue.The status bar displays the following message: "[X] elements have been adjusted."If after adjusting the normals, there are still elements on one side of the part which are of different color, change to elems from comps for the entity selector, choose these elements and click reverse normals.12. Click return to exit the panel.Step 6: Review the quality of the elements using the check elems panel.1. Access the Check Elements panel in one of the following ways:• From the Menu Bar, click Mesh >Check >Elements > Check Elements• Press the F10 key2. Go to the 2-d sub-panel.3. Verify that jacobian < field is set to 0.7.4. Click jacobian to determine if any elements have a jacobian of less than 0.7.Elements having a jacobian of less than 0.7 are highlighted.5. Notice that several elements on the triangular rib and around the smaller of the two holeshave a jacobian of less than 0.7.The status bar displays a message indicating how many elements failed this check.6. In the graphics area, click an element.A window appears that lists each quality check result for the element.7. Click the right or left mouse button to close the pop-up window.8. On the right side of the panel menu, switch from standard to assign plot.9. Click jacobian to review again.A legend for jacobian values appears and each element is colored accordingly. The redelements have a jacobian less than the threshold, 0.7.10. Verify that quads: min angle < is set to 45.11. Click min angle to determine if any quad elements have an angle of less than 45.12. Notice that a couple of elements on the rib have an angle of less than 45.13. Verify that the max angle >field is set to 135.14. Click max angle to determine if any quad elements have an angle greater than 135.15. Notice that several elements on the rib have an angle greater than 135.16. Click return to exit the panel.Step 7: Remesh the elements on the rib using the automesh panel.1. Access the Mesh panel in one of the following ways:• From the Menu Bar, click Mesh >Create > 2D AutoMesh• Press the F12 key2. Verify that you are in the size and bias sub-panel.3. Switch the entity selector to elems.4. Toggle to interactive.5. For element size=, type 3.5.6. Select one rib element from the graphics area.7. Select one element on the plane of elements perpendicular to the rib and in the same planeas the rib’s shortest edge as shown in the following image.Example of elements to select8. Select elems >> by face to complete the selection of elements as shown in the followingimage.Elements selected using by face9. Click mesh.The meshing module appears.10. In the density sub-panel, change the element density on the rib’s hypotenuse edge to 9.11. Change the element density on the rib’s shortest edge to 5.12. Keep all other element edge densities the same.Adjusting element edge densities13. Access the mesh style sub-panel.14. Under mesh method, set the last option to free (unmapped).15. Under mesh method, select set all.16. Click mesh to preview the mesh.17. Go to the checks sub-panel, and check the jacobian, quads: min angle, and quads: maxangle.18. Notice that no elements fail the minimum and maximum angle checks.Only a couple of elements have a jacobian of less than 0.7. The smallest jacobian is 0.68, which can still be considered good quality.19. Click return twice to accept the mesh and exit the panel.Step 8: Use the Smooth panel to adjust the node placement on the rectangular plane of remeshed elements.1. Click Mesh >Cleanup Elements >Smooth to open the Smooth panel.2. Go to the plates sub-panel.3. With the smooth: elems selector active, select an element on the rectangular plane of re-meshed elements.4. Select elems >> by face.5. For iterations = specify 10.6. Switch the smoothing algorithm from autodecide to shape corrected.7. Click smooth.8. Click return to exit the panel.Step 9: Remove tria elements from another area of the model using the edit element panel, split and combine sub-panels.1. On the 2D page, enter the edit element panel.2. Go to the split sub-panel.3. With the splitting line: points selector active, click four screen points as shown the followingimage.Temporary line segments are drawn to connect the points.4. You can right-click to undo the last line segment drawn or you can click delete line to startover with selecting points.5. Click split.Elements that have the line pass through them are split. The resulting mesh should look like the mesh in the following image. There are two pairs of adjacent tria elements.6. Go to the combine sub-panel and set the toggle to combine to quad.7. Select two adjacent tria elements as indicated in the following image.8. Click combine.9. Repeat 11.7 and 11.8 for the other two adjacent tria elements.10. Remain in the edit element sub-panel.Trias to select Combining trias into quadsStep 10: Dynamically move nodes on the mesh area modified in the previous step to improve element quality.1. Go to the cleanup sub-panel and ensure it is set to displayed elems.2. Click cleanup.The element cleanup menu appears. It allows you to select various combinations of quality checks, specify a warning/unacceptable range for each check, and dynamically move nodes around to place them where you desire.Elements are colored as follows:• No color, appearing blank: element passes quality checks• Yellow: one or more quality check results falls into warning/unacceptable range• Red: one or more quality check results are beyond unacceptableAmong the group of elements you modified in the last step, Step 11, two quad elements are red and one quad element is yellow.3. Clear the warpage and jacobian check boxes, so that just the max angle is checked.4. The model has three elements that are colored red.5. With the node selector active, click an interior node of a red element and drag the nodearound until the element is no longer red.6. Repeat 12.4 for the other red elements.7. Click return to exit the panel.Step 11: For the same area of elements you focused on in the previous step, optimize element quality by clicking nodes and elements.1. On the 2D page, go to the qualityindex panel.2. With the node optimize selector active, click a few nodes of the mesh area you modified.When a node is clicked, it is repositioned so that the elements attached to it have the best possible quality based on the criteria specified in the qualityindex panel.3. Click the selector element optimize to make it active.4. Click yellow and red elements in the same mesh area.When an element is clicked, it is adjusted to have the best quality possible based on the criteria specified in the qualityindex panel.When you click a red element, it may become yellow or the background color (no colorassigned). When you click a yellow element, it may become the background color (no color assigned).5. Click return to exit the panel.Step 12: Add a ring of radial elements around the smaller of the two holes.1. Click the Utility tab. If the Utility is not displayed in the HyperMesh session, go to View >Browsers > HyperMesh > Utility.2. On the Geom/Mesh page, click Add Washer.3. With the nodes selector active, select one node on the edge of the smaller hole as indicatedin the following image.Example node to select4. Click proceed.A pop-up window for Add Washer along a Circular Hole utility appears.5. Toggle to Width, and for Value specify 3.0.6. Select the Minimum number of nodes around the hole check box.7. In the Density: field, enter 12.Add Washer along a Circular Hole dialog8. Click Add.9. Click Close.The mesh around the hole should look like the mesh in the following image.Resulting mesh around the smaller holeStep 13 (Optional): Save your work.With this exercise completed, you can save the model if desired.。