2020 英语 高考冲刺二轮 --第三讲 把握主线脉络 巧取主旨大意题(京津专用)

第三讲把握主线脉络巧取主旨大意题[题型概述]1．主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题等形式出现。

2．其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。

3．其错误选项的特点：概括范围太大、太窄或是偏离主题，主观臆断等。

[解题步骤]技法1标题归纳题——文章主线定标题[示例](2018年11月·浙江高考·阅读C)I start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past，a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious.Often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental: “Moby Dick” on a three­day cross­country train trip: “The Magic Mountain” in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors，no telephones or televisions in the rooms，and little to do beyond row on the salt pond.Attempting “The Man Without Qualities” on a return to Hawaii，my native state，however，was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes (册)，then decided that I’d got the point and wentswimming instead.But this summer I find myself at a loss.I’m not quite interested in Balzac，say，or “Tristram Shandy.”There’s always War and Peace，w hich I’ve covered some distance several times，only to get__bogged__down in the “War” part，set it aside for a while，and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again，having forgotten everyone’s name and social rank.How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite­once more into “The Waves” or “Justine，”which feels almost like cheating，too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature.And then there’s Stendhal’s “The Red and the Black，” which happens to be the name of my favorite cocktail (鸡尾酒) of the summer，created by Michael Cecconi at Savoy and BackForty.It is easy to drink，and knocking back three or four seems like such a delightful idea.Cecconi’s theory: “I take whatever’s fresh at the green market and turn it into liquid.” The result is a pure shot of afternoon in the park，making one feel cheerful and peaceful all at once，lying on uncut grass with eyes shut，sun beating through the lids...30．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．The Books of SummerB．My Summer HolidaysC．To Read or Not to ReadD．It’s Never Too Late to Read★试题特点1．标题归纳题考查考生准确理解全文、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。

2．标题归纳题实质上与全文大意题一样，考查的都是文章的主旨大意，只不过这两类题型的选项形式不同：前者通常是短语或短句，后者通常以一句话的形式出现。

所以，解答标题归纳题的部分技巧对于全文大意题同样适用。

★解题思路Step 1：找主旨句——读文章，寻找体现文章主旨的信息句(画波浪线句)Step 2：归纳分析——文章第一段开头作者就点明every summer，谈到了每年暑假旅行时喜欢读名著。

第二段谈到今年夏天读书的困惑，第三段再次把读书和鸡尾酒联系，谈自己读书的感受。

Step 3：尝试解答——全文都和夏天读书有关，The Books of Summer适合作为标题，故选A。

★名师点津[好标题的3大特点]概括性准确而又简短针对性标题外延正好与文章内容相符醒目性能引发读者的阅读欲望关键词法反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词主题句法根据文章主题句，确定中心词充当标题穿珠连串法分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，确定标题逆向法根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项[示例](2017年6月·浙江高考·阅读A节选)Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camel’s hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱)．His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The__cat’s__lot__was__about__to__improve. That year，one of Benjamin’s cousins，Mr.Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings (版画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city，Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape (风景) painting.William Williams，a well-known painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that heunderstood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.21．What is the text mainly about?A．Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.B．Williams’influence on Benjamin.C．The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.★试题特点文章大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。