建筑风格介绍(英文)
西方建筑风格 英文版
宋柳 李黎彬
Content
• • • • • Byzantine architecture Gothic architecture Ancient Roman architecture Romantic architecture Baroque architecture
Faç ade of the church Santa Susanna This new architecture focuses on color, light and shadow, sculpture, and strong baroque characteristics.
Italy, Sicily, Syracuse, cathedral Santa Maria delle Colonne
意大利西西里的锡拉丘兹主教座堂
布拉格圣Nicolas教堂，典型的波希 米亚巴洛克
The Wilanów palace in Warsaw, Poland.
• 巴洛克建筑的特征包括：
• 宽阔的、有时是圆形的中殿取代了狭长的中殿 • 戏剧性地使用光线，强烈的光影对比，明暗对照效果（如 威尔腾堡修道院教堂），或依靠窗户实现均匀照明（如温 加滕修道院教堂） • 大量使用装饰品（通常是镀金、石膏或粉饰灰泥、大理石 或人造大理石） • 巨大尺度的天花板壁画 • 外部立面的显着特点是通常有戏剧性的中央突出部分 • 内部通常只是绘画与雕塑的框架（特别是后期巴洛克） • 错视画法般的虚幻效果，绘画与建筑的混合 • 在巴伐利亚、捷克、波兰和乌克兰巴洛克，普遍存在梨状 穹顶 • 天主教国家的圣母柱和圣三柱，通常因黑死病结束时的感 恩而兴建
德国Trier(特里尔)的选帝侯宫
西方建筑欣赏介绍英文作文
西方建筑欣赏介绍英文作文"英文，"When it comes to appreciating Western architecture, there's a rich tapestry of styles, histories, and influences to explore. From the grandeur of Gothic cathedrals to the sleek lines of modern skyscrapers, each building tells a story and reflects the cultural milieu of its time.Let's start with one of the most iconic styles in Western architecture: Gothic. The soaring spires, pointed arches, and intricate stone tracery of Gothic cathedrals, like Notre-Dame de Paris or Westminster Abbey, never fail to inspire awe. Walking through the dimly lit nave, with sunlight streaming through stained glass windows, you can't help but feel a sense of reverence and wonder. The Gothic style, with its emphasis on height and light, was not just about constructing buildings; it was about reaching towards the divine.Moving forward in time, we encounter the elegance of Renaissance architecture. Think of the symmetrical facades, domed roofs, and harmonious proportions of buildings like the Florence Cathedral or the St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. These structures embody the humanist ideals of balance, beauty, and rationality championed during the Renaissance period. Standing in front of the majestic dome of Florence Cathedral, designed by Brunelleschi, one can appreciate the ingenuity and skill of the architects ofthat era.Fast forward to the present day, and we find ourselves amidst the glass and steel jungle of modern architecture. Skyscrapers like the Empire State Building in New York or the Shard in London redefine our urban landscapes, pushing the boundaries of engineering and design. The sleek lines and futuristic forms of these buildings symbolize progress and innovation, reflecting the fast-paced nature of contemporary society.But it's not just the monumental structures thatcapture our imagination. Western architecture also encompasses charming townhouses, quaint cottages, and cozy cafes nestled along cobblestone streets. Whether it's the colorful facades of Amsterdam's canal houses or the charming balconies of Barcelona's Gothic Quarter, these smaller-scale buildings add character and warmth to their surroundings.In conclusion, Western architecture offers a diverse range of styles and influences, each with its own unique appeal. From the grandeur of Gothic cathedrals to the elegance of Renaissance palaces to the innovation of modern skyscrapers, there's something for everyone to appreciate and admire."中文，"谈到欣赏西方建筑，其中蕴含了丰富的风格、历史和影响。
著名建筑英文介绍简短带翻译
Soaring Structures: Introduction to Famous ArchitecturalMarvels1. Eiffel TowerThe Eiffel Tower, a wrought-iron lattice masterpiece, is an iconic symbol of Paris, France. Named after its engineer, Gustave Eiffel, the tower was completed in 1889. It stands tall at a height of 330 meters, making it one of the tallest man-made structures in the world at the time of its construction. The Eiffel Tower attracts millions of visitors annually, who come to admire its intricate design and panoramic views of the city.Eiffel Tower（埃菲尔铁塔）是巴黎，法国的一个标志性建筑，令人赞叹不已的铁艺格栅杰作。
这座以其工程师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔（Gustave Eiffel）命名的塔楼于1889年完工。
它高达330米，是当时世界上最高的人造建筑之一。
每年有数百万游客慕名而来，欣赏它精巧的设计以及城市的全景。
2. Taj MahalThe Taj Mahal, an ivory-white marble mausoleum, is located in Agra, India. This architectural gem was commissioned in 1632 by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is renowned for its symmetrical design, intricate inlay work, and exquisite calligraphy. It is considered a symbol of eternal love and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.泰姬陵（Taj Mahal）是位于印度阿格拉的一座白色大理石陵墓。
英语作文介绍建筑物万能模板
英语作文介绍建筑物万能模板英文回答：Introducing a building that holds historical and cultural value is a task that requires careful consideration. An iconic structure often serves as a symbol of a city or country, and capturing its essence in words can be a daunting task. However, by following a well-structured template, you can effectively convey the significance of the building and its unique qualities.1. Introduction: Begin with a captivating hook that grabs the reader's attention. This could be a brief historical anecdote, a personal connection, or anintriguing architectural detail. Then, clearly state the name and location of the building.2. Historical Context: Provide a brief historical overview of the building, including its date of construction, the architect or architectural style, and anysignificant events associated with it. Mention the original purpose of the building and how it has evolved over time.3. Architectural Features: Describe the architectural style and key features of the building. Discuss its structural elements, such as the foundation, walls, roof, and any distinctive arches, columns, or ornaments.Highlight the use of materials and the overall aesthetic appeal of the building.4. Cultural Significance: Explore the cultural significance of the building. Explain how it has influenced the city or country's identity, shaped its cultural traditions, and inspired artistic expression. Discuss any cultural events or rituals associated with the building and its role in the community.5. Symbolism and Impact: Discuss the symbolic meaning of the building. What does it represent for the city, country, or even the world? Explain how the building has impacted tourism, architecture, and other fields. Consider its role in shaping collective memory and fostering a senseof belonging.6. Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your essay and restate the significance of the building. Offer a personal reflection or thought-provoking question to leave a lasting impression on the reader.中文回答：介绍一座具有历史和文化价值的建筑，是一项需要认真考虑的任务。
英文建筑流派
Renaissance style
Florence Cathedral 佛罗伦萨大教堂
The most obvious features of Renaissance architecture is discarding the medieval Gothic style, and re-use the composition elements of ancient Greece and Roman column in the religious and secular buildings. Even fused the architectural style of the various regions together with the classical column. （文艺复兴建筑最明显的特 征是扬弃了中世纪时期的哥 特式建筑风格，而在宗教和 世俗建筑上重新采用古希腊 罗马时期的柱式构图要素。 甚至将各个地区的建筑风格 同古典柱式融合一起。）
UN building
Bauhaus building 包豪斯校舍(格罗皮乌斯)
Post-modern style
Portland City Hall 波特兰市政厅
Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院
The post-modern architecture is the building after the general term for all schools. U.S. architecter Stern's theory: postmodern architecture has three characteristics: use of decoration; a symbolic or metaphorical; integration with the existing environment. (后现代建筑是指现代以后的各流派的建筑总称，美国建筑师斯特恩提出：后现代主 义建筑有三个特征：采用装饰；具有象征性或隐喻性；与现有环境融合。)
中国各民族建筑风格英文介绍
•Courtyard • building
•合院式建筑
•Bamboo house
•竹楼式
•Somethin g else
• 其他
中国各民族建筑风格英文介绍
Three workshops a screen wall 三坊一照壁
Bai nationality 白族
白族文化中开放性和 包容性的完 美体现
中国各民族建筑风格英文介绍
汉族Han nationality
• 1. Palaces
• Beijing Forbidden City and Imperial Palace • 紫禁城 故宫
• 2. Altars building
• the Temple of Heaven. 天坛
• 3. Bridge construction
中国各民族建筑风格英文介绍
•西双版纳
丽江古城
• great beauty and enjoyment
• 丽江古城小桥流水的雅致和古朴光滑的青石板、石桥 ，给人以极大的美感和享受
学习改变命运,知 识创造未来
中国各民族建筑风格英文介绍
学习改变命运,知 识创造未来
中国各民族建筑风格英文介绍
学习改变命运,知 识创造未来
中国各民族建筑风格英 文介绍
学习改变命运,知 识创造未来
2021年2月19日星期五
National architecture
• Han nationality 汉族 • Minority [maɪ'nɔrətɪ]少数民族 • Modern architecture 现代
学习改变命运,知 识创造未来
中国各民族建筑风格英文介绍
学习改变命运,知 识创造未来
著名建筑英文介绍带翻译
著名建筑英文介绍带翻译1. Empire State BuildingThe Empire State Building is an iconic skyscraper located in New York City, United States. Completed in 1931, it stood as the world’s tallest building for nearly 40 years. With its distinctive Art Deco style and towering height of 1,454 feet (443.2 meters), the Empire State Building has become a symbol of the city and a popular tourist attraction.帝国大厦帝国大厦位于美国纽约市，是一个标志性的摩天大楼。
建于1931年，差不多40年它一直是世界上最高的建筑物。
以其独特的装饰艺术风格和高达1,454英尺（443.2米）的高度，帝国大厦已成为城市的象征和热门旅游景点。
2. Sydney Opera HouseThe Sydney Opera House is a world-renowned performing arts venue located in Sydney, Australia. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, the building is characterized by its unique sail-like design and is considered one of the 20th century’s most distinctive buildings. The Sydney Ope ra House hosts a variety of performances, including opera, ballet, and theater, and is an iconic symbol of both Sydney and Australia.悉尼歌剧院悉尼歌剧院是位于澳大利亚悉尼的世界知名的表演艺术场所。
西方建筑 英文版 Western Architecture简介
Baroque architecture(巴洛克式建筑）
Architectural features：
• broader naves （宽阔的中殿）
•strong light-and-shade contrasts （强
烈的光影对比）
Baroque architecture(巴洛克式建筑）
Architectural features：
Neoclassical architecture（新古典复兴建筑）
Architectural features：
• Focus on style（注重风格）
Pursue classical outline（追求古典轮 廓）
Neoclassical architecture（新古典复兴建筑）
Architectural features： • emphasize decorative effect（注重装饰效果）
（充满欢乐气氛）
Baroque architecture(巴洛克式建筑）
Represent building
Roman Jesus Church（罗马耶稣会教堂）
Neoclassical architecture（新古典复兴建筑）
Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque.
建筑特点描述英语作文
建筑特点描述英语作文英文回答：Architectural Features.Architectural features are the distinctive elementsthat define the appearance and character of a building. These features can include the building's form, materials, ornamentation, and openings. The combination of these elements creates a unique visual identity for each structure.Form.The form of a building refers to its overall shape and massing. It can be simple or complex, geometric or organic. The form of a building is often influenced by its function, the surrounding environment, and the architect's design intent.Materials.The materials used in a building's construction have a significant impact on its appearance and durability. Common building materials include stone, brick, wood, glass, and metal. The choice of materials can be influenced by cost, availability, and the desired aesthetic effect.Ornamentation.Ornamentation is the use of decorative elements to enhance the appearance of a building. These elements can include moldings, carvings, statues, and other decorative details. Ornamentation can be used to create a variety of effects, from simple elegance to elaborate grandeur.Openings.Openings in a building, such as windows and doors, allow for light, ventilation, and access. The size, shape, and placement of openings can have a significant impact on the building's appearance and function. Openings can bedesigned to provide natural light, create visual interest, and facilitate movement through the building.Historical and Cultural Influences.Architectural features are often influenced by historical and cultural factors. Different architectural styles have emerged throughout history, each with its own characteristic features. These styles can be influenced by geographical location, climate, religious beliefs, and social customs.Sustainability and Energy Efficiency.In contemporary architecture, there is a growing emphasis on sustainability and energy efficiency. Architectural features such as passive solar design, natural ventilation, and energy-efficient materials are being incorporated into buildings to reduce their environmental impact.中文回答：建筑特征描述。
探索中国多元地域的建筑风貌：一种英文阐述
探索中国多元地域的建筑风貌：一种英文阐述In the vast expanse of China, a tapestry of architectural styles weaves a mesmerizing narrative, reflecting the nation's rich history, cultural heritage, and geographical diversity. From the majestic Forbidden City in Beijing to the intricate courtyard houses in Suzhou, each region has its unique architectural fingerprint that tells a story of time, craftsmanship, and regional identity.Firstly, let's delve into Beijing, the epicenter of Chinese imperial history. The Forbidden City, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, stands as a testament to the grandeur of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Its ornate red roofs, intricate carvings, and the use of auspicious symbols showcase the principles of feng shui, a holistic approach to architecture. In contrast, the city's hutongs, narrow alleys lined with traditional courtyard dwellings, exemplify theclose-knit community spirit and the vernacular architecture of northern China.Moving southwards, we encounter the water towns of Jiangnan, like Suzhou. Here, the delicate and elegant classical gardens, adorned with rock formations, bridges, and lotus ponds, embody therefined taste of the literati class. The white-washed walls, black-tiled roofs, and wooden structures harmoniously blend with their natural surroundings, creating a tranquil oasis amidst urban sprawl.The Tibetan plateau adds another layer of diversity, with its iconic monasteries such as Lhasa's Potala Palace. Constructed with stone and wood, these structures reflect the harmonious fusion of Tibetan Buddhism and traditional Tibetan architecture. The vibrant murals and intricate carvings tell tales of deities and mythical beings, while the flat roofs accommodate prayer flags, a symbol of spiritual communication.In the southwest, Yunnan Province showcases the ethnic minority influences. The Bai terraced rice fields not only provide sustenance but also house traditional dwellings with wooden frames and brightly painted facades, a testament to the region's agricultural culture. The Bai villages, like Dali, reveal unique architecture combining Han, Tibetan, and Southeast Asian elements.Lastly, the coastal cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou offer a modern twist on traditional styles. Skyscrapers like the OrientalPearl Tower coexist with restored colonial-era buildings, exemplifying the city's past-meets-present narrative. Meanwhile, the Cantonese-style architecture, characterized by verandas and open courtyards, speaks of the region's maritime trading history.In conclusion, China's architectural landscape is a kaleidoscope of styles that resonate with the nation's historical, cultural, and geographical diversity. Each region's buildings, whether ancient or contemporary, stand as a mirror, reflecting the local traditions, climate, and aspirations. This rich tapestry of architectural wonders invites us to appreciate the depth and beauty of China's built environment, reminding us of the enduring legacy of human ingenuity and cultural expression.中文翻译：在中国这片广袤的土地上，一座座建筑如同一幅幅画卷，展示了丰富的历史、文化传统和地理多样性。
英语作文介绍建筑
英语作文介绍建筑Title: Exploring Architectural Marvels Around the World。
Architecture is not merely about erecting structures;it's an art form that embodies culture, history, and human ingenuity. Throughout history, various civilizations haveleft behind architectural marvels that continue to awe and inspire people around the world. In this essay, we will embark on a journey to explore some of the most iconic architectural wonders across different continents.Let's start our journey in Europe, where we encounterthe majestic Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. Designed by Gustave Eiffel, this towering iron lattice structure stands as an enduring symbol of French engineering prowess and artistic vision. Completed in 1889 for the World's Fair,the Eiffel Tower attracts millions of visitors annually who marvel at its intricate design and panoramic views of the Parisian skyline.Moving eastward, we arrive in Italy, home to the magnificent Colosseum in Rome. Built during the RomanEmpire's heyday, this ancient amphitheater once hosted gladiatorial contests, chariot races, and theatrical performances. Despite the ravages of time and nature, the Colosseum remains an iconic symbol of Rome's grandeur and architectural innovation, showcasing the mastery of Roman engineering techniques.Our journey now takes us to Asia, where we encounterthe breathtaking Great Wall of China. Spanning over 13,000 miles across northern China, this colossal fortificationwas constructed over several centuries to defend against invasions from nomadic tribes. Built primarily of stone, brick, and earth, the Great Wall represents a remarkablefeat of ancient engineering and strategic military planning. Today, it stands as a testament to China's rich history and enduring cultural heritage.Continuing our exploration, we find ourselves in Africa, where the ancient pyramids of Giza await. Located on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt, these monumental structures werebuilt over 4,500 years ago as tombs for the pharaohs. Constructed with immense precision using massive limestone blocks, the Great Pyramid of Giza stands as the last surviving wonder of the ancient world, captivating visitors with its sheer size and architectural sophistication.Crossing the Atlantic Ocean, we arrive in North America, where the Statue of Liberty beckons from the shores of New York Harbor. A gift from France to the United States in 1886, this iconic statue symbolizes freedom and democracy. Designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, the Statue of Liberty stands as a towering beacon of hope and opportunity for millions of immigrants who have journeyed to America in search of a better life.Our final destination brings us to Australia, where we encounter the Sydney Opera House, a masterpiece of modern architecture. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon,this iconic performing arts center is renowned for its distinctive sail-like roofs and stunning waterfront location. Since its completion in 1973, the Sydney Opera House has become a symbol of Australia's cultural identityand a world-class venue for music, theater, and dance.In conclusion, architecture serves as a tangible expression of human creativity, innovation, and cultural identity. From the ancient wonders of the past to the modern marvels of today, each architectural masterpiece tells a unique story and leaves an indelible mark on the landscape of our world. As we continue to marvel at these extraordinary structures, let us also reflect on the timeless beauty and enduring legacy of architecture throughout history.。
建筑介绍英语作文模板
建筑介绍英语作文模板英文回答：Architecture Introduction。
Architecture is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including planning, engineering, and design. Architects play a vital role in shaping our built environment, creating spaces that areboth functional and aesthetically pleasing.History of Architecture。
The history of architecture can be traced back to the earliest civilizations. In ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece, architects designed and built monumental structures such as pyramids, temples, and amphitheaters. These early buildings were often used for religious or civic purposes, and they reflected the architectural styles of their time.Over the centuries, architecture continued to evolve. In the Middle Ages, castles and cathedrals were built in a Romanesque style, characterized by heavy stone walls and rounded arches. In the Renaissance, architects rediscovered the principles of classical architecture, and they designed buildings with more elaborate ornamentation and symmetry.The Baroque period saw the development of even more elaborate and ornamented styles, such as Rococo and Neoclassicism. In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution led to the development of new construction methods and materials, such as steel and concrete. This allowed architects to design taller buildings with larger open spaces.In the 20th century, architecture underwent a number of radical changes. Modernist architects rejected the ornate styles of the past and instead focused on simplicity, functionality, and the use of new materials. Postmodern architecture emerged in the 1970s as a reaction to Modernism, and it celebrated the use of historical andcultural references in architecture.Types of Architecture。
英文作文介绍建筑的模板
英文作文介绍建筑的模板英文回答：Introduction:Architecture, the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures, encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including aesthetics, functionality, and sustainability. From towering skyscrapers to historic monuments, buildings shape our landscapes and serve as testaments to human ingenuity and creativity.Elements of Architecture:The fundamental elements of architecture include space, form, structure, and materials. Space refers to the volume enclosed within a building, while form describes itsoverall shape and appearance. Structure is the framework that supports and stabilizes a building, and materials arethe components used to construct it.Architectural Styles:Throughout history, various architectural styles have emerged, each reflecting the cultural, technological, and aesthetic values of its time. Some notable examples include:Classical architecture: Originating in ancient Greece and Rome, classical architecture is characterized by symmetry, balance, and the use of columns, pediments, and arches.Gothic architecture: Developed in Europe during the Middle Ages, Gothic architecture is known for its soaring spires, pointed arches, and stained glass windows.Renaissance architecture: Emerging in the 15th century, Renaissance architecture is inspired by classical idealsand emphasizes proportion, harmony, and the use of human-centered design.Modern architecture: Developed in the early 20th century, modern architecture is characterized by its emphasis on simplicity, functionality, and the use of new materials such as steel and glass.Postmodern architecture: Arising in the late 20th century, postmodern architecture is known for its playful and eclectic designs, often referencing historical styles and incorporating unexpected elements.Architectural Theory:Architectural theory provides a framework for understanding and analyzing the built environment. It explores the principles, concepts, and values that guide architectural design and practice. Significantarchitectural theorists include:Vitruvius: A Roman architect who wrote the influential treatise "De Architectura," which outlines the principles of classical architecture.Filippo Brunelleschi: An Italian architect who revolutionized the use of perspective and geometry in architecture.Le Corbusier: A Swiss-French architect who developed the Modernist principles of form follows function and the use of standardized components.Aldo Rossi: An Italian architect who explored the relationship between architecture and collective memory.Sustainability in Architecture:In recent years, sustainability has become a critical consideration in architecture. Sustainable buildings are designed to minimize their environmental impact and maximize their energy efficiency. This involves using eco-friendly materials, incorporating renewable energy sources, and implementing water-saving measures.Conclusion:Architecture is a complex and multifaceted field that encompasses a vast array of knowledge and skills. By understanding the elements, styles, theory, and sustainability principles of architecture, we can appreciate the beauty, functionality, and cultural significance of buildings around the world.中文回答：导言：建筑，是一门设计和建造房屋及其他实体结构的艺术与科学，它包含了广泛的学科，包括美学、功能性和可持续性。
简氏别墅英文介绍
简氏别墅英文介绍English:The Shingle Style Villa, also known as the "Shingle Style" or "Shingle Villa," is a unique architectural style that originated in the United States in the late 19th century. This architectural style is characterized by its use of wood shingles as the primary cladding material, giving the buildings a rustic and natural appearance. Shingle Style Villas often feature asymmetrical façades, large covered porches, and expansive windows to maximize natural light and ventilation. The interior of these villas typically boasts open floor plans, high ceilings, and a mix of traditional and modern design elements. This architectural style became popular as a summer retreat for wealthy Americans during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and many Shingle Style Villas can still be found in affluent coastal communities along the East Coast.中文翻译:简氏别墅，也被称为“简氏风格”或“简氏别墅”，是一种起源于19世纪末美国独特的建筑风格。
客家土楼英文介绍
客家土楼英文介绍客家土楼是中国传统民居建筑的代表之一，以其独特的建筑风格和历史文化价值而著名。
以下是客家土楼的英文介绍：Hakka earthen buildings are a representative form of traditional Chinese folk architecture, known for their unique architectural style and cultural historical value. These buildings, often referred to as "circular fortresses" due to their circular or oval shape, were originally designed to provide protection from invaders and wild animals.The construction of these buildings began in the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) and continued until the mid-20th century. They were built primarily by the Hakka people, a group of Chinese immigrants who fled to southern China during the Song and Ming Dynasties to escape political persecution and seek economic opportunities.The buildings are characterized by their circular or oval shape, stone foundation, high walls, and hidden entrances. Inside, they are arranged around a central courtyard and are typically divided into multiple stories, each with its own function. The upper floors were typically used for sleeping, while the ground floor was reserved for cooking and daily activities.Hakka earthen buildings are an important part of Chinese cultural heritage and have been designated as national cultural relics. In addition to their historical value, they also serve as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture and are an important part of many tourist itineraries in China.。
英文的建筑介绍
Palaces
• 古罗马建筑是古罗马人沿习亚平宁半岛上伊特鲁里亚人 的建筑技术，继承古希腊建筑成就，在建筑形制、技术 和艺术方面广泛创新 的一种建筑风格。古罗马建筑在公 元1－3世纪为极盛时期，达到西方古代建筑的高峰。
• 罗马建筑师把多力克式、艾奥尼亚式和科林斯式合而为 一，创造了“合成式”，也称罗马样式，集中体现在拱 门，圆顶、券拱结构上。简单的几何造型，巨大的规模 体量，厚重的石头材料给人心里以强大震撼。11－12世 纪，宗教盛行时期，受欧洲长方形会堂影响，加厚了罗 马式拱形建筑的墙壁，建出厚壁所产生的庄重美，教堂 建筑窗户少而使室内光线弱，室内装饰运用浮雕等具有 神秘感。
Palaces
奥古斯塔斯堡看上去 象一个巨大的田园。 这是科洛涅大主教奢 华的住所，也是法尔 肯拉斯特打猎时的落 脚地，是18世纪德国 涡卷式建筑的代表作 之一。
Domus Augustana 奥古斯塔斯堡
Palaces
Domus Augustana 奥古斯塔斯堡
德国布吕尔城内有两座深 受游人青睐的古堡--奥古 斯塔斯堡古堡和法尔肯拉 斯特古堡，它们是巴洛克 时代晚期和整个莱茵兰 （德国莱茵河西部）地区 举足轻重的建 筑。二者建 于德意志帝国克莱门斯-奥 古斯特选帝侯（德国有权 选举神圣罗马帝国皇帝的 诸侯）当政时期。1985年， 整个地区被联合国教科文 组织列为"世界自 然文化 遗产"。
Palaces
建筑特点
柱
拱
Palaces
哈德良行宫是古罗马的大型皇家 花园，它是罗马帝国的皇帝哈德 良为自己营造的一座人间伊甸园。 水是整个行宫建筑中最显著的主 题之一。水流从最南端引入，再 通过一个有管道和水塔组成的复 杂系统，最后流过整个别墅。每 一个建筑都有自己的用水设施， 包括大型水池和小型浴场水流系 统等一应俱全。在已知的水利建 筑中，有12个莲花形喷水泉，30 个单个喷泉，6个水帘洞，6个大 浴场，10个蓄水池，35个卫生间。 哈德良行宫是一座规模宏大的别 墅，其规模虽不及中国的圆明园， 但它在久远的古罗马文明中独树 一帜，一直是后世意大利花园风 格的典范，可以称得上是罗马的 “万园之园”Villa at Tivoli 古罗马哈德良皇帝宅邸 意大利