商务英语1真题2018年1月
2018年英语一真题阅读理解题型及答案解析完整版(凯程首发)
2018年英语一真题阅读理解题型及答案解析完整版（凯程首发）来源：凯程青青老师Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign:What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely.About half of U.S.jobs are at high risk of being automated,according to a University of Oxford study,with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots.But many middle-class occupations-trucking,financial advice,software engineering—have aroused their interest,or soon will.The rich own the robots,so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist.Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past.The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms,but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed.Likewise,automation should eventually boost productivity,stimulate demand by driving down prices,and free workers from hard,boring work.But in the medium term,middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step,as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training.Curriculums—from grammar school to college-should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication.Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots.Online education can supplement the traditional kind.It could make extra training and instruction affordable.Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S.to revive its fading business dynamism:Starting new companies must be made easier.In previous eras of drastic technological change,entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines.The best uses of3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet.The U.S.needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally,because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income,taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought.Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded:This would boost incomes,encourage work,reward companies for job creation,and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years,yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.Destroying themachines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts.But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A]Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22.Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A]Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists'opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A]creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A]encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text,the author presents a problem with[A]opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.Text2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter.The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source,Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines.Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills.Such a trend is badly needed.During the2016presidential campaign,nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news,according to the University of Oxford.And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found44percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace.A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages14and24found they use“distributed trust”to verify stories.They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias.“Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,”the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect.A2014survey conducted in Australia,Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests.This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information.A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is“reader error,”more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting.About a third say the problem of fake news lies in“misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news”via social media.In other words,the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue.“This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,”says Roxanne Stone,editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president,they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills–and in their choices on when to share on social media.26.According to the Paragraphs1and2,many young Americans cast doubts on[A]the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B]people’s preference for social media platforms.[C]the administrations ability to handle information.[D]social media was a reliable source of news.27.The phrase“beer up”(Line2,Para.2)is closest in meaning to[A]sharpen[B]define[C]boast[D]share28.According to the knight foundation survey,young people[A]tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B]verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C]have s strong sense of responsibility.[D]like to exchange views on“distributed trust”29.The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A]readers outdated values.[B]journalists’biased reporting[C]readers’misinterpretation[D]journalists’made-up stories.30.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B]A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C]The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D]The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service(NHS)and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well.DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence(AI)companies in the world.The potential of this workapplied to healthcare is very great,but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants.It Is against that background that the information commissioner,Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS,which handed over to DeepMind the records of1.6million patients In2015on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients'rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized.The NHS trust has mended its ways.Further arrangements-and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned.There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn.But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important.Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust,since under existing law it“controlled”the data and DeepMind merely“processed"it.But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation,not the mere possession of bits,that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate.Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them.That misses the way the surveillance economy works.The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted.This practice does not address the real worry.It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives.What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can,big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done.We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later.A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism.Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind?[A]It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B]It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C]It fell short of the latter's expectations[D]It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32.The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with[A]empty promises.[B]tough resistance.[C]necessary adjustments.[D]sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph2that[A]privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B]leaking patients'data is worse than selling it.[C]making profits from patients'data is illegal.[D]the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph,the real worry arising from this deal is[A]the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B]the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C]the uncontrolled use of new software.[D]the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A]ambiguous.[B]cautious.[C]appreciative.[D]contemptuous.Text4The U.S.Postal Service(USPS)continues to bleed red ink.It reported a net loss of$5.6 billion for fiscal2016,the10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue.Meanwhile,it has more than$120billion in unfunded liabilities,mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies.Fundamentally,the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail,and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service,aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected.This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years,leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats,Republicans,the Postal Service,the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system.Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated$28.6billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles,among other survival measures.Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare.The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care,thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House,this measure would still have to get through the Senate–where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare,bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat,not comprehensive reform.There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS,a major omission considering that personnel accounts for80percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery.That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS$2billion per year.But postalspecial-interest groups seem to have killed it,at least in the House.The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS.It is not,however,a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the21st century.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A].its unbalanced budget.[B].its rigid management.[C].the cost for technical upgrading.[D].the withdrawal of bank support.37.According to Paragraph2,the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A].the interference from interest groups.[B].the inadequate funding from Congress.[C].the shrinking demand for postal service.[D].the incompetence of postal unions.38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by[A].removing its burden of retiree health care.[B].making more investment in new vehicles.[C].adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D].attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph,the author seems to view legislators with[A]respect.[B]tolerance.[C]discontent.[D]gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A].The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B].The Postal Service:Keep Away from My Cheese[C].The USPS:Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D].The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.In December of1869,Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building.The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments.To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected,and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of1871.pleted in1875,the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied,with its elegant four-story library(completed in1876),Diplomatic Reception Room,and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood,Oriental rugs,and stenciled wall patterns.The Navy Department moved into the east wing in1879,where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C.The State,War,and Navy Building,as it was originally known,housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power.The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D.Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls.Theodore and Franklin D.Roosevelt,WilliamHoward Taft,Dwight D.Eisenhower,Lyndon B.Johnson,Gerald Ford,and George H.W.Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president.It has housed16Secretaries of the Navy, 21Secretaries of War,and24Secretaries of State.Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E.The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB)commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States.Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury,Alfred B.Mullett,it was built from1871to1888to house the growing staffs of the State,War,and Navy Departments,and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F.Construction took17years as the building slowly rose wing by wing.When the EEOB was finished,it was the largest office building in Washington,with nearly2miles of black and white tiled corridors.Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster;the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety.Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G.The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid.The first executive offices were constructed between1799and1820.A series of fires(including those set by the British in1814)and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building.In1866,the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama,and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs,but in England,as everywhere else in western Europe,the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular,whether it should be new or old,classical or medieval, literary or farcical.Court,school organizations of amateurs,and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment;and(47)no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old,the first public playhouse was built in London.For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage.Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court,or for the choir boys of St.Paul’s and the royal chapel,who,however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters,and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five,Lyly,Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary;Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit;and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage-where they had played no part since the death of Euripides.(49)A native literary drama had been created,its alliance with the public playhouses established,and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history,for in this brief period we may trace the beginning,growth, blossoming,and decay of many kinds of plays,and of many great careers.We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced,as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants.(50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity,we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost,and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.凯程考研英语一真题阅读答案解析21.选D，middle-class workers简单细节定位题，并无同义替换。
商务英语一级考试真题
商务英语一级考试真题1. What we know now _______ amazed people 200 years ago. 我们现在所知道的情况会让200年前的人们感到惊讶。
（） [单选题]A. could beB. had to beC. must haveD. would have(正确答案)2.Epidemics _______ confined more easily in the past. 流行病在过去可以更容易地得到控制。
（） [单选题]A. could be(正确答案)B. could haveC. must haveD. would be3. Had it not failed the safety test, work on the next project _______ postponed.（）如果它没有通过安全测试，下一个项目的工作就不会被推迟。
[单选题]A. must have beenB. wouldn' t have had to be(正确答案)C. must not have beenD. had to be4.This isn' t the first time she _______ late to work.这已经不是她第一次了工作已经迟到了（） [单选题]A. goesB. goingC. has been(正确答案)D. was5. The sun gives us the energy _______ we need to live. 太阳给了我们生活所需的能量（） [单选题]A. becauseB. thereC. that(正确答案)D. what6. [Listen] The day after he arrives in London, he's going to attend a meeting.在他到达伦敦的第二天，他就要去参加一个会议（） [单选题]A. He'll attend the meeting as soon as he arrives.(正确答案)B. He may not attend the meeting in London.C. He' s going to leave London the day after the meeting.D. The meeting isn' t scheduled until the day after he arrives.7. She _______ he' s a medical doctor but she isn' t sure. 她认为他是一名医生，但她不确定（） [单选题]A. checksB. decidesC. knowsD. thinks(正确答案)8. A test failure will hurt the company's sales.一次测试失败将会损害该公司的销售（） [单选题]A. A test failure won't affect sales.B．Sales depend on the test results.(正确答案)C. Sales will be hurt by the test.?D. The test will cause a failure.9. She' s looking forward to it. It' s the first vacation she _______ in a long time.（）她很期待。
2018全国I卷英语真题
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题: 每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1.What will James do tomorrow?A.Watch a TV program.B. Give a talkC. Write a report.2.What can we say about the woman?A.She’s generous.B. She’s curious.C. She’s helpful.3.When does the train leave?A.At 6:30.B. At 8:30.C. At 10:30.4.How does the woman go to work?A.By car.B. On foot.C. By bike.5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.第二节（共15小题: 每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
2018年1月商务英语阅读试题和答案
2018年1月广东省高等教育自学考试商务英语阅读试题（课程代码 05439）I. Translate the following words or phrases into Chinese (10%)1. inflation2. turnover3. fringe benefit4. bearer bond5. consignment6. mutual fund7. brokerage 8. certificate of origin9. mortgage 10. counter offerⅡ. Translate the following words or phrases Into English (10%)11.经济衰退 12.股权证13.预付款 14.期末存货15.电汇 16.赔偿、偿还17.存款 18.配额、限额19.仲裁 20.风险资本Ⅲ. Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks (10%)21. The most major function of money is_________.A. a store of valueB. the unit of accountC. the medium of exchangeD. a standard of deferred payment22. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in economic loss?A. The destruction of one’s home in a fire.B. Loss of income owing to illness.C. Loss of property owing to theft.D. The destruction of one’s property in an accident.23. An insurance policy is_________.A. a government law on insuranceB. a written contract between the insurer and the insuredC. a piece of paper with the insurer’s signature on itD. a set of rules to regulate the insurance market24. Which of the following can NOT be a feature of a bond?A. It has a certain denomination.B. It has a prefixed interest rate.C. It involves high risk.D. It has a prefixed maturity date.25. _________is a small structure with one or more open sides that is used to vend merchandise (as newspapers) or services.A. Telephone boothB. KioskC. NewsstandD. Department store26. Marketers can communicate with large numbers of potential customers at the same timeby_________.A. personal sellingB. direct sellingC. mass sellingD. sending leaflets27. What is meant by“consideration” in a contract?A. An item of considerable value given to the other party.B. An item of value given to the other party.C. Money in exchange of goods.D. Careful thinking before signing a contract.28. To be a wise customer, we must evaluate__________ and choose to buy what is__________.A. the price; the cheapestB. the product quality; of top qualityC. the total product offer; of the best value to usD. the after-sale service; provided with the best after-sale service29. The following are the elements of marketing mix EXCEPT__________.A. priceB. placeC. point-of-saleD. promotion30. What is the major feature of a global marketing strategy?A. uniformityB. flexibilityC. localizationD. diversityIV. In this part, there are some reading passages followed by 15 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best one according to your understanding (30%)Passage 1Corporate CultureThe term corporate culture refers to an organization’s value system. Managerial philosophies, workplace practices, and organizational network are included in the concept of corporate culture. Tyson Food’s corporate culture is reflected in the fact that everyone-even CEO Don Tyson wears clothes of a yellowish brown color on the job.The leaders who developed the company and the corporate culture typically shape the corporate culture.One generation of employees passes on a corporate culture to newer employees. Sometimes this is part of formal training. New managers who attend McDonald’s Hamburger University may learn skills in management,but they also pick up the basics of the organization’s corporate culture. Employees can absorb corporate culture through informal contacts as well,by talking with other workers and through their experiences on the job.Corporate culture has a major impact on the success of an organization. In organizations with strong cultures,everyone knows and supports the organizations’objectives.In those with weak cultures, no clear sense of purpose exists. In fact, the authors of the classic book In Search of Excellenceconcluded the presence of a strong corporate culture was the single common thread among many diverse but highly successful companies such as General Electric and McDonald’s.As you can imagine,changing a company’s corporate culture can be very difficult.But some managers try to do just that when they feel the current culture is weak,or when the organization’s objectives change and the old culture no longer fits. Sometimes the competitive situation of a company changes. For instance, electric utilities, which once had their profits guaranteed by public regulation,now face more competition than ever.Firms that were comfortable competing against other American companies now find themselves fighting competitors from overseas, too.Management expert Peter Duckers feels that,rather than trying to change culture,managers should focus on changing employees and corporate practices, as follows.——Define what results are needed. Specify in measurable terms what the organization or department, or office) needs to achieve.——Determine where these results are already being achieved within the current organization. Analyze the departmentsthat are already effective and find out what they are doing differently from the rest.——Determine what top management can do to encourage these good results.Duckers suggests that executives openly ask what they can do to help, and then do it.——Change the reward system-or develop a new one-to recognize these effective practices. When employees realize that the organization really does reward the new approach,they will adoptit much more quickly.Whether one wants to change an organization culture or not,it is importantto choose managers and employees whose personal styles fit the organization’s goals.31. According to the passage, corporate culture _________.A. means the cultural atmosphere in a companyB. is established by top leaders and can’t be changedC. involves the core values of a companyD. has little influence on the performance of a company32. In McDonald’s Hamburger University, new managers _________.A. learn the company’s corporate culture at lengthB. are only interested in learning management skillsC. learn all the necessary skills and practices of the companyD. have chances to know about the company’s corporate culture33. If an organization has a strong corporate culture,_________.A. it can be sure of achieving great successB. it will be as successful as General Electric and McDonald’s pC. its staff tend to work for a common goalD. it may have a strong influence on the market34.One reason why some managers try to change a company’s corporate culture is that_________.A. the existing corporate culture is very strongB. they try to adapt the corporate culture to new situationsC. the company is facing a lot of competitionD. they are not so conservative as the old generation35. Which of the following is NOT advised by Peter Duckers?A. Evaluating different performances of various departments.B. Improving the communication among managers.C. Determine what is to be achieved by the organization.D. Improving the reward system so as to encourage new practices.Passage 2Early Developments in American EconomyEarly American industries depended largely on skilled artisans working in small shops tothserve a local market.But the Industrial Revolution that started in England during the18century did not take long to cross the Atlantic. It brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. Because labor was scarce in the United States and wages were high, employers welcomed any new method that could reduce the requirement for labor.One key development was the introduction of the factory system,which gathered many workers together in one workplace and produced goods for distribution over a wide area.The first factoryin the United States is generally dated to 1793, when an Englishman named Samuel Slater came to America to build a cotton cloth factory. He built the machinery from memory, because it was a crime to carry factory plant out of England.The success of Slater’s factory started a processof change that turned the northeastern region of the United States into an important manufacturing center. The making of textiles also meant increased demand for cotton, grown in the southern region for the United States. As a result, the nation became a major cotton producer.Another important development was the“American system” of mass production, which originated in the firearms industry about 1800. The new system required precision engineering to create parts that were interchangeable. This, in return, allowed the final product to be assembled in stages, each worker specializing in a specific operation.Just as Slater’s new factory system was being introduced, an American named Eli Whitney made cotton production more efficient by inventing a machine-the cotton gin-that rapidly removedthe seeds from the boils of cotton. Removing the seeds by hand was a difficult task; Whitney’s machine made the job almost easy.Whitney also began manufacturing rifles in a new way.Guns had always been made by gun makers working in their homes or small shops. Because the guns were handmade individually, a part from one gun would not necessarily fit another gun.Whitney began making guns with machinery,so thatall the parts were the same in each gun. This method of manufacturing goods in a factory, with interchangeable parts, helped to advance American industry.In 1913, the automaker Henry Ford introduced the“moving assembly” line. This was a variation on the earlier practice of continuous assembly. By improving efficiency, it made possible a major saving in labor costs. A new breed of industrial managers began the careful study of factory operations with the aim of finding the most efficient ways of organizing tasks. Their concepts of“scientific management”helped to lower the costs of production still further. Lower costs made possible both higher wages for workers and lower prices for consumers. More and more Americans were gaining the ability to purchase products made in the United States. During the first half of the 20th century, mass production of consumer goods such as cars, refrigerators and kitchen ranges helped to revolutionize the ways in which Americans lived.36. In the first paragraph, the author intends to tell us that __________.A. early American industries mainly depended on new methodsB. early American industries mainly depended on people who did skilled work with their handsC. early American industries mainly depended on England industriesD. early American industries mainly depended on new changes37. The first factory in the United States was__________.A. built by an American engineer named Henry FordB. built by an American named Eli WhitneyC. built by an Englishman who built it from memoryD. built by an American who wanted to build a cotton cloth factory38. Another important development was concerning__________.A. the steam enginesB. the mass productionC. the mobile operationD. the textile industry39. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Henry Ford influenced American people’s life.B. Henry Ford influenced all manufacturing systems.C. Henry Ford influenced the manufacture of cars.D. Henry Ford influenced the system of business.40. According to the passage, we can draw the conclusions EXCEPT that __________.A. the production efficiency has greatly been improved by the“American System”B.many other machines such as refrigerators,washing machines and vacuum cleaners are producedon the assembly lineC. with the interchangeable parts, American industries advanced greatlyD. the industrial managers began the careful study of the operations with the aim of reducingthe methodsPassage 3Problems Potential Exporters Are FacingMany firms fail to succeed, because when they begin exporting they have not researched the target markets or developed an international marketing plum.To be successful,a firm must clearly define its goals,objectives and potential problems.Secondly,it must develop a definitive planto accomplish its objectives,regardless of the problems involved.Unless the firm is fortunate enough to possess a staff with considerable expertise, it may not be able to take this crucial first step without qualified outside guidance.Often top management is not committed enough to overcome the initial difficulties and financial requirements of exporting. It can often take more time and effort to establish a firm in a foreign market than in the domestic one. Although the early delays and costs involved in exporting may seem difficult to justify when compared to established domestic trade,the exporter should take a more objective view of this process and carefully monitor international marketing efforts through these early difficulties. If a good foundation is laid for export business, the benefits derived should eventually outweigh the investment.Another problem area is in the selection of the foreign distributor. The complications involved in overseas communications and transportation require international distributors to act with greater independence than their domestic counterparts. Also, since a new exporter’s trademarks and reputation are usually unknown in the foreign market, foreign customers may buy on the strength of the distributing agent’s reputation. A firm should therefore conduct a thorough evaluation of the distributor’s facilities, the personnel handling its account, and the management methods employed.Another common difficulty for the new exporter is the neglect of the export market once the domestic one booms,too many companies only concentrate on exporting when there is a recession. Others may refuse to modify products to meet the regulations or cultural preferences of other countries. Local safety regulations cannot be ignored by exporters. If necessary modifications are not made at the factory,the distributor must make them,usually at a greater cost and probablynot as satisfactorily. It should also be noted that the resulting smaller profit margin makes the account less attractive.If exporters expect distributing agents to actively promote their accounts, they must be trained,and their performance continually monitored.This requires a company marketing executiveto be located permanently in the distributor’s geographical region. It is therefore advisable for new exporters to concentrate their efforts in a few geographical areas until there is sufficient business to support a company representative.The distributor should also be treatedon an equal basis with domestic counterparts. For example, special discount offers, sales incentive program and special credit terms should be available.Considering a joint-venture or licensing agreement is another option for new exporters. However, many companies still dismiss international marketing as unviable. There are a number of reasons for this.There may be import restrictions in the target market,the company may lack sufficient financial resources, or its product line may be too limited. Yet, many products that can compete on a national basis can be successful in the majority of world markets. In general, all that is needed for success is flexibility in using the proper combinations of marketing techniques.41.In the first paragraph,the writer suggests that firms thinking about exporting should______.A. get professional adviceB. study international marketingC. identify the most profitable marketsD. have different objectives to other exporters42. The writer believes that if sufficient preparation is undertaken ______.A. initial difficulties can be easily avoidedB. the costs can be recovered quite quicklyC. management will become more committedD. the exporter will be successful in the long term43. An exporter should choose a distributor who ______.A. has experienced personnelB. has good communication skillsC. is well-established in the target marketD. is not financially dependent on the import business44. New exporters often make the mistake of ignoring the export market when ______.A. distribution costs are too highB. their product is selling well at homeC. there is a global economic recessionD. distributors cannot make safety modifications45. For a distributor to be successful, the exporter must______.A. focus on one particular regionB. finance local advertising campaignsC. give the same support as to domestic agentsD. make sure there are sufficient marketing staff locallyV. Read the following passages and finish the exercises of each one (40%)Passage 4Human-resource ManagementIf sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast,in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces,in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focusedon the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result,problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive.If American workers,for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States.More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed.The result is lower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the p opulation affect the wagesof the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated,the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.A. Mark the following statements true (T) or false (F) according to the passage (10%)46. The management of human resources in American companies sees the gaining of skills as theiremployees’ own business.47.The head of human-resource management in an American firm is directly under the chief financialexecutives in the firms.48.The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to workers who lack basic backgroundskills.49.According to the passages,the decisive factor in maintaining a firm’s competitive advantageis the rational composition of professional and managerial employees.50.According to the passage,the human-resource management strategies of American firms affecttheir competitive capacity.Passage 5Introduction to CompaniesThe General Nature of Companies(56) A company is a form of business organization which is owned by all those who investin it.These investors are known as shareholders as they own or“hold”a share of the company. The size of their share of the company will depend upon the amount of money they have invested in it.The total investment by all of the shareholders is known as the share capital of the company. Thus, unlike a sole trader, where one person owns the business, or a partnership, where a small number of people own a business,a company may be owned by several hundred or even several thousand shareholders.Obviously, all of these people cannot be involved in running the company. Instead, the shareholders appoint directors to run the company on their behalf,if the directors run the company efficiently and make a profit, the shareholders will receive a dividend each year as a return on their investment.Characteristics of CompaniesThe characteristics of companies differ in several respects from both sole traders and partnerships. The following are among the more important differences.Separate Legal Entity(57)A unique feature of a company is that,no matter how many individuals have bought sharesin it, it is treated in its dealings with the outside world as if it was a person in its own right. It is said to be a separate legal entity. Just as the law can create this separate legal person,so also can it eliminate it,but its existence can only be terminated by using the proper legal procedures.Thus, the identity of the shareholders in a large concern may be changing daily as shares are bought and sold by different people. On the other hand, a small private company may have the same shareholders from the date it is incorporated (the day it legally came into being), until the date when liquidation is completed (the cessation of the company, often known alsoas“winding up” or being“wound up”). A prime example of its identity as a separate legal entity is that it may sue its own shareholders, or in turn be sued by them.Limited LiabilityMost companies are“limited” companies. This means that any shareholder who has paidfor the share (s) which he has bought cannot be forced to pay more money into the company if, for example, it is making losses or has gone into liquidation. (58) Thus, the maximum amountof money any shareholder can lose by investing in a company is the amount he has invested.Unlikein sole traders or partnerships a shareholder in a limited company cannot be forced to sell his house, car, etc. to pay the debts of the business.If a shareholder has not paid in full for the shares he has agreed to buy,he can be forcedto pay the balance owing on the shares. Once he has paid that amount he cannot be forced to pay any further amount. Thus, his liability is limited to the amount he has agreed to pay but has not yet paid.This is known as limited liability and the company is known as a limited company. It is important to note that it is the liability of the shareholders that is limited not the liabilityof the company.(59)Companies can incur debts well beyond what they are able to pay and therefore their liabilities can exceed their assets.companies, in which There are, as will be seen later, some companies, known as unlimitedthe liability of the shareholders is not limited. Limited liability and the ability to raise large amounts of finance are the principal reasons why limited companies are the most common form of business organization.Public Companies and Private CompaniesBroadly speaking, there are two classes of company, the public company and the private company. Public companies are also known as PLCs, that is, public limited companies.A private company may not have less than two,or more than fifty,shareholders(excluding employees and ex-employees)and may not offer its shares to the general public.Once some someone has purchased shares in a private company the right to transfer those shares to someone elseis severely restricted.A PLC is a company which fulfils the following conditions:.It must be able to issue share capital of at least 30, 000;. It must have at least seven shareholders. There is no maximum;. Its name must end with the words“public limited company” the abbreviation“plc”.A private company is usually, but not always, smaller than a public company.The shares that are dealt in on the Stock Exchange are all of public limited companies. This does not mean that all public companies’ shares are traded on the Stock Exchange, as, for various reasons, some public companies have either chosen not to, or not been allowed to, havetheir share traded there. The ones that are traded in are known as quoted companies or listed companies meaning that the price of shares in them is quoted (or listed) by the Stock Exchange. Quoted companies have to comply with Stock Exchange rules and regulations.Share Capital and DividendsA shareholder in a limited company obtains his reward for investing in the form of a shareof the profits, known as a dividend. (60) The directors decide how much of the profits is tobe retained in the company and used for expansion. Out of the profits remaining they propose the payment of a certain amount of dividend. The shareholders cannot propose a dividend for themselves higher than that already proposed by the directors. They can, however, propose that a lesser dividend should be paid, although this action is very rare. If the directors propose that no dividend be paid, then the shareholders are powerless to alter the decision.The decision by the directors as to the amount proposed as dividends is a very complex one.Such matters as the effect of taxation,the availability of bank balances to pay the dividends, the possibility of take-over bids and so on will all be taken into account.Dividends are usually expressed as a percentage of the share capital. A dividend of 10%in Company A on 500, 000 Common Shares of£ 1 each will amount to£ 50, 000, or a dividend of 6% in Company B on 200, 000 Common Shares of£ 2 each will amount to£24, 000. A shareholder having 100 shares in each firm would receive£10 from Company A and£12 from Company B.B. Choose the best answer for the following questions (10%)51. A most significant difference between a public company and a small private company lies in that ________.A. a public company has more shareholders than a private companyB.the shareholders of a public company can secure a dividend each year whereas the shareholdersof a private company does notC.the identity of the shareholders of a public company may be changing daily whereas the identityof the shareholders of a private company almost remains the sameD. a public company is treated as a separate legal entity whereas a private company is not52. Which of the following statements is true?A. Unlike a sole trader or partnership a shareholder in an unlimited company can forced to sellhis house or car to pay the debts of the business.B. Like a sole trader or partnership a shareholder in a limited company also faces the risk ofbeing forced to sell his house or car to pay the debts of the business.C. The liabilities of a limited company cannot exceed its assets.D. The liability of a shareholder of a limited company is limited to what he has invested init.53. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The number of a private company’s shareholders may not exceed fifty.B. A PLC must have at least seven shareholders.C. A PLC is always larger than a private company.D. Listed companies are those whose shares are traded on Stock Exchange.54. The shareholders of a PLC have the right to do all of the following EXCEPT___________.A. attend general meetings of the companyB. vote for directors at a general meeting of the companyC. propose a dividend for themselves higher than that already proposed by the boardD. propose a dividend less than that already proposed by the board55. When the directors decide the amount proposed as dividends, they have to take into consideration all the following EXCEPT __________.A. the effect of taxationB. whether they have enough money on the account to pay the dividendsC. the number of the company’s shareholdersD.whether they have enough reserves possibly to be used to take over some other company throughStock ExchangeC. Translate the underlined sentences into Chinese (56) (57) (58) (59) (60) (10%)D. Answer the following questions according to your understanding of the passage (10%)61. What are the major differences among companies, sole traders and partnerships according tothe passage?62. Why do most companies nowadays adopt the form of limited companies?。
1月全国电子商务英语自考试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试电子商务英语试题课程代码：00888一、请根据给出的汉语词义写出对应的英语词。
该词的首字母已给出(每小题0.5分，共10分)1三、根据英语句子的意思，请用括号内词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共10分)1.Her job was to take care of the ______(wound) soldier.2.Her latest film has ______(generate) a lot of interest.3.I am afraid the blistering heat is not ______(sustain) to me.4.I had the ______(distinctly) impression that I was being watched.5.I thought you ______(handle) that little incident most professionally.6.In a poor country, owning a bicycle is a sign of ______(compare) wealth.7.Institutions financing the project while going through the business plan will be very ______(interest) in knowing how the company is going to beat the competition.8.It is difficult to estimate the exact cost due to so many ______(variable).9.It is important to ensure the ______(enforceable) of e-business transactions wherever and whenever disputes arise.10.It is reasonable to predict that a new strategy ______(require) to deal with the changing market.四、根据英语句子的意思，从每一句下面的A，B，C，D中选择正确的语言搭配(每小题1分，共20分)1. Prior ______ his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter.A. toB. ofC. inD. from2. The children ______ against each other to win yearly scholarship.A. contestB. fightC. rivalD. enhance3. When I last saw Mary she ______ to her next class on the other side of the campus and did not have time to talk.A. hurriedB. was hurryingC. had hurriedD. has hurried4. Next time I ______ there, I’ll ask them about it.A. will goB. have goneC. am goingD. go5. The young madam was ______ to discover that she was being watched.A. disconcertedB. disappointedC. dishonoredD. dissatisfying26. We ______ the shops and the post office as soon as we moved into the town.A. determinedB. locatedC. specifiedD. settled7. People just ______ their rubbish over the wall.A. rolledB. swayedC. shapedD. threw8. Having the highest marks in his class,______.A. the college offered him a scholarship.B. he was offered a scholarship by the college.C. a scholarship was offered him by the collegeD. a college scholarship was offered to him.9. Why do you object to ______ the direction?A. followingB. followC. have followedD. have been followed10. They ______ the game because of rain.A. desertedB. abandonedC. leftD. departed11. In the 19th century industry ______ towards the north of England.A. tendedB. gravitatedC. intendedD. inclined12. ______ some of the suggestions prove of value to you as well.A. CouldB. CanC. MightD. May13. Before we commence again, let me give you a word or two of advice,_____?A. shall IB. don’t IC. will youD. won’t you14. I wish to talk with you in private,______?A. do IB. shall IC. can ID. may I15. People will not believe a person who always ______.A. magnifiesB. enlargesC. broadensD. exaggerates16. The reserch project has only been under way for three months,so it’s too early to ______ itssuccess.A. figureB. considerC. rateD. evaluate17. If the United States had not entered the Second World War, probably the 1940 unemploymentrate of 14% ______ still further.A. would riseB. roseC. would have risenD. had risen18. We wouldn’t lose courage even if we ______ again.A. were to failB. would fail3C. failD. have failed19. John wants to see me today, but I would rather he ______ tomorrow than today.A. cameB. had comeC. would comeD. sould come20. After his troubles, he’s now in ______ comfort.A. relativeB. constantC. relevantD. fair五、完形填空(共20分)Ⅰ.从所提供的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案填空。
2018年上学期高一年级商务英语专业第一次月考试卷
2018年下学期高二年级商务英语专业第一次月考试卷班级姓名学号本套试卷总分为150分，考试时间为120分钟一、词汇语法单项选择（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1.I’m afraid there isn’t for you in my car.A. roomB. placeC. seatD. corner2.In 1864 Nevada entered the United States as thirty-sixth state.A. in theB. to be theC. was theD. the3.I live in a tall building and I live floor.A. in twelfthB. on the twelfthC. in twelveD. on the twelve4.The basketball team baths now.A. hasB. haveC. is havingD. are having5. Clint will give us on our grammar study.A. an adviceB. some adviceC. some advicesD. advices6. Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read _____ the library.A. inB. forC. byD. from7.My home is only twenty from New Oriental School.A. minute walkB. minutes walkC. minutes’ walkD. minute’s walk8. Hawking became world-famous in ________.A. his thirties in the 1970’sB. the thirties in his 1970C. his thirties in 1970sD. the thirties during the 19709. _____ are good for you.A. AppleB. An appleC. ApplesD. The apple10. Every was perfect for the picnic, ________ the weather.A. besidesB. exceptC. except forD. but11. ________ already been interviewed.A. A number of applicants haveB. A number of applicants hasC. The number of applicants haveD. The number of applicants has12.Two died of cold last winter.A. hundreds old peoplesB. hundred old peopleC. hundreds old peopleD. hundred old peoples13.If you grow up in large family, you are more likely to developability to get on well with others.A./; an; theB. a; the; /C. the; an; theD. a; the; the14. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ______ I will always treasure.A. thatB. oneC. itD. what15.I have to write a ______ this weekend.A. one-thousand-words paperB. one-thousand-word paperC. one thousand words paperD. one thousand word paper16.He worked well and was praised ____ in public.A. a second timeB. twice timeC. second timeD. the two time17. In ten years’ time, all those youngsters will become_______.A. grown-upB. grown-upsC. gowns-upD. gowns-ups18.I knew ______ John Lennon, but not famous one.A. /; aB. a; theC. /; theD. the; a19. Suddenly _____ fire broke out in the warehouse and everything in it was on ____ fire.A. /; aB. the; /C. a; /D. /; the20.Statistics one of the subjects that I study.A. areB. isC. wereD. was二、词形填空（共15题，每小题1分，共15分）21.Can you give me some (suggest) on how to learn English.22.Many (butterfly) have round marks on their wings that look like eyes.23.Join the volunteer organization, you will have a good chance ___________ (experience) wonderful social life every Saturday afternoon.24.I don’t know what made him laugh so (excite)?25.”We are proud of your(successful), Daniel.”said Daniel’s father.26. It is very difficult (live) on the moon without air and water.27.He works as (hard) as his classmates.28.Even a child knows September is the (nine) month of a year.29.Experts have found that smoking is very (harm) to the smoker’s health.30.I wish he wouldn’t ask such (embarrass) questions.31.Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize (two) during her lifetime.32.I find it difficult (finish) my task in five days.33.She is proud of (she) for not giving up easily.34.Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, (know) as the “City of Angels’”.35.We (finish) Unit 4 by the end of last week.三、完形填空（共20题，每小题1分，共20分）A Heroic DriverLarry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was __36__along 165 north after delivering to one of his 37 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 38 he got closer, he found 39 vehicle upsidedown on the road. One more look and he noticed 40 shooting out from under the 41 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 42 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.The man who had his bright lights on 43 and told Larry he had 44 an emergency call. They 45 heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 46 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 47 until the emergency personnel arrived, 48 she thought the car was going to 49 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 50 she injured her neck.Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 51 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 52 if he was needed or 53 to go. They let him and the other man go.One thing is 54 —Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 55 most likely saved the woman’s life.36. A. walking B. touring C. traveling D. rushing37. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers38. A. Since B. Although C. As D. If39. A. each B. another C. that D. his40. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam41. A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned42. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of D. controlled43. A. came down B. came through C. came in D. came over44. A. returned B. received C. made D. confirmed45. A. then B. again C. finally D. even46. A. Starting B. Parking C. Passing D. Approaching47. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm48. A. for B. so C. and D. but49. A. explode B. slip away C. fall apart D. crash50. A. as if B. unless C. in case D. after51. A. stepped forward B. backed off C. moved on D. set out52. A. woman B. police C. man D. driver53. A. forbidden B. ready C. asked D. free54. A. for certain B. for consideration C. reported D. checked55. A. patience B. skills C. efforts D. promise四、阅读理解（共20小题，A，B为单选，C为判断，D为简答，每小题2分，共40分）（A）Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict(迷),” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled(皱的).” Today David wears casual clothes — khaki pants and a sports shirt —to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. In the United States, the changes from formal to casual office wear have been slow. In the early 1990s,many companies allowed their workers to wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started ou t as an extra one-day-a-week benefit forWhy have so many companies started allowing their workers to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it's easier for a company to attract new workers if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don't want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it's hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happ ier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study made by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that casual dress has a side effect on work. Supporters of casual office wear also say that a casual dress code hel ps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount56.David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict” because ______________.57. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because __58. According to this passage, which of the following is FALSE?A. Many59. According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?B. Dress-C. “Dress-D. Many workers want to w60. In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentionedA. saving worker’s moneyC. improving worker’s feelingD. making workers happier（B）I found out one time that doing a favor for someone could get you into a lot of trouble. I was in the eighth grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl sitting next to me whispered something, but I didn’t underst and. So I leaned over her way and found out that she was trying to ask me if I had an extra pen. She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write. I happened to have an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher asked me to stay in the room when all the other students were dismissed. As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up; she talked about how important it was to stand on your own two feet and be responsible for your own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized the fact that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves. She made me promise that I would think seriously about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me about all those things.Later on, I found out that she thought I had cheated on the test. When she saw me lean over to talk to the girl next to me, it looked as if I was copying answers from the girl’s test paper. I tried to explain about the pen, but all she could say was it seemed very very strange to her that I hadn’t talked of anything about the pen the day she talked to me right after the test. Even if I tried to explain that I was just doing the girl a favor by letting her use my pen, I am sure she continued to believe that I had cheated on the test.61. The story took place exactly ____________ .A. in the teache r’s officeB. in an exam roomC. in the schoolD. in the language lab62. The girl wanted to borrow a pen, because ____________ .A. she had not brought a pen with herB. she had lost her own on her way to schoolC. there was something wrong with her ownD. her own had been taken away by someone63. The teacher saw all this, so she asked the boy ____________ .A. to go on writing his paperB. to stop whisperingC. to leave the room immediatelyD. to stay behind after the exam64. The thing(s) emphasized in her talk was(were) ____________ .A. honestyB. sense of dutyC. seriousnessD. all of the above65. The boy knew everything ____________ .A. the moment he was asked to stay behindB. when the teacher started talking about honestyC. only some time laterD. when he was walking out of the room（C）The earth is our home. We must take care of it. This means keeping the land, air and water clean is our duty.To pollute is to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it and drink it. Pollution can ruin our health, and even our life.Man has been polluting the earth from the time he first made his fire, washed his clothes in water and threw his dirty things on the ground. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people and so many factories. All the waste things would soon be covered up. There was lots of clean air, land and water. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in a place, man moved to another place. But now this is no longer true. Pollution caused by waste gas, waste water and other waste things has always been a headache for us. Man was and is now polluting the whole world.Talking about pollution, we once only meant air pollution. It is true that air pollution is still the most serious problem, but it is only one kind of pollution.By using pesticides, we have polluted the land and killed many kinds of animals. By putting dirty water into rivers and lakes, we have polluted our drinking water and killed fishes. The growth in the number of people is part of the problem. More people, more waste things.Is there any hope that we can reduce pollution? We are glad to say that the public has been warned of the danger of pollution.66. It is our duty to keep the land, air and water clean.67. If the place is polluted today, we can move to another place.68. Air pollution is the only form of pollution.69. The more people there are, the more waste things they make.70. The government is taking a lot of actions to deal with pollution.（D）The first step to stop drug abuse (滥用) is knowing why people start to use drugs. The reasons people abuse drugs are different. But there is one reason that seems to be common: people seem to take drugs to change their feeling. They want to feel better or happy, or to feel nothing. Sometimes, they want to forget or to remember. People often feel better about the roseleaf when they are under the influence of drugs. But the effects don't last long. Drugs don't solve problems. They just put them off. After a while, people may feel worse about themselves, and then may use more drugs.If someone you know is using or abusing drugs, you can help. The most important part you can play is to be there. You can let your friends know that you care. You can listen and try to solve the problem behind your friend's need to use drugs. Two people together can often solve a problem that seems too big for one person alone. Studies of heavy abusers in the United States show that they felt unloved and unwanted. They didn't have close friends to talk to. When you or your friends take the time to care for each other, you're all helping to stop drug abuse. After all, what is a friend for?71. Why do some people abuse drugs?____________________________________________________72. What can drugs do with the abuser's problems?___________________________________________________73. How do the abusers feel when the effect of drugs disappears?__________________________________________________74. According to the passage, who do the abusers need most while in trouble?____________________________________________________75. What are the findings of the studies about heavy drug users?___________________________________________________五：句子改错：每小题有一个错误（多词、缺词或错词），多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉；缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在右边横线上写出该加的词；在错的词下划一横线，在右边横线上写出改正后的词。
1月全国自考电子商务英语试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试电子商务英语试题课程代码：00888请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上一、词汇和语法（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）根据句子的意思选择一个正确的答案，错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. The furniture in her room is quite different from ____________ in the exhibition hall.A. thatB. that oneC. theseD. those ones2. －What can I do for you?－I’d like to take ____________ these tomatoes.A. two dozen ofB. two dozenC. two dozensD. two dozens of3. One warning ____________ to stop her doing it.A. sufficedB. sufferedC. suggestedD. provided4. The Pearl River’s flow into the sea is only ____________ to that of the Yangtze.A. the secondB. a secondC. secondD. seconds5. “All ____________ present and all ____________ going on well,” our monitor said.A. is…isB. are…areC. are…isD. is…are6. The story sounds ____________.A. to be trueB. as trueC. being trueD. true7. This book is ____________ to be put into that envelop.A. big enoughB. so bigC. very bigD. too big8. I spent a very ____________ hour in the library.A. productiveB. creativeC. predictiveD. profitable9. English ____________ all over the world.A. is teachingB. is taught1C. teachesD. teaching10. The nurse being out, who is ____________ the children instead.A. tend toB. to tendC. tendedD. to be tended for11. Nothing but contempt is due to those people who ask us to ____________ to unmerited oppression.A. submitB. obeyC. proposeD. comply12. ____________ that new information to anyone else but the sergeant.A. They asked him not to giveB. They asked him to don’t giveC. They asked him no giveD. They asked him to no give13. You will be late ____________ you leave immediately.A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. or14. After his troubles, he’s now in ____________ comfort.A. relativeB. constantC. relevantD. fair15. People used to think that the earth was flat, ____________?A. usedn’t itB. wasn’t itC. don’t theyD. didn’t they16. That ter rible day will be ____________ in the children’s memory.A. enclosedB. lodgedC. walledD. embedded17. The meeting between the mother and her son was ____________ indeed.A. dramaticB. grandC. theatricalD. characteristic18. Everything seems all right, ____________?A. doesn’t itB. won’t itC. don’t theyD. hasn’t they19. We allowed the warm water to ____________ us.A. claspB. containC. embraceD. join20. “Where is my notebook?” “____________”.A. Here is itB. Here it is2C. It here isD. It is here二、完形填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)从选择项中选择一个最适合短文的选项，错选、多选或未选均无分。
《商务英语阅读》期末考试试卷-A卷1
《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 1 页 共8页《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 2页 共8页教学点： 年级： 专业： 层次: 姓名： 学号： 座位号:密封线内请不要答题广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育商务英语错误!未找到引用源。
（专科）2018学年第1学期《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷）年级: 考试形式: 闭卷 考试时间: 90分钟Part I Multiple Choices (15 points, 1 point each) Direction.Ther.ar.1.incomplet.sentence.i.thi.part.Fo.eac.sentenc.ther.ar.fou.Choice.marke.A.B..a 1. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _______ and perfected now. A.developed B.hav .developed C.ar.bein.developedD.wil.hav .bee.develope.2. Y ou _______ her in her office last Friday; she’s been out of town for two weeks. A.needn ’.hav .seen B.mus.hav .seen C.migh.hav .seenD.can ’.hav .seen3. She’s always been kind to me – I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help. A.m.back B.m.head C.m.eye D.shoulder4. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _______ directed. A.like B.so C.which D.as5. The _______ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly the gap between researchers and teachers. A.joint B.intensive C.overall D.decisive6. W e can accept your order _______ payment is made in advance. A.i.th.belie.that B.i.orde.that C.o.th.excus.that D.o.conditio.that7. The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the _______ of the earthquake. A.consequence B.aftermath C.results D.effect8. Research universities have to keep up with the latest computer and scientific hardware _______ price. A.o.accoun.of B.regardles.of C.i.additio.to D.no.t.mention 9. I am surprised _______ this city is a dull place to live in. A.tha.yo.woul.think B.b.wha.yo.ar.thinkin. C.tha.yo.shoul.think D.wit.wha.yo.wer.thinking 10. Don’t let the child play with scissors _______ he cuts himself. A.i.case B.s.that C.no.that D.onl.if 11. They always give the vacant seats to _______ comes first. A.whoever B.whomever C.who D.whom12. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _______ itcomes to classroom tests. A.when B.since C.before D.after13. Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people; they are _______ available these days.A.promptlyB.instantlyC.readilyD.quickly14. Owing to _______ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably . A.fierce B.strained C.eager D.critical 15. Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with. A.smell B.sense C.hear D.tough Part II Word Match (15 points, 1 point each) Direction.Matc.th.followin.word.wit.thei.definition.withi.eac.grou.o.fiv.words.Writ.dow.th.matche Group 11. authentic A.havin.power.o.learning.reasonin.o.understanding2. commitment B.twist.changin.shape3. exaggerate C..promis.o.decisio.t.d.something4. intelligent D.real.tru.an.accurate5. distortion E.sa.mor.tha.th.trut.abou.something Group 26. authority A.basic.central.formin.th.necessar.basi.o.something7. donate B.somethin.tha.i.considere.mor.importan.tha.othe.matters8. substantial C.th.righ.o.abilit.t.control9. priority D.giv .somethin.fo.th.benefi.o.others 10.fundamentalPart III Sentence Completion (10 points, 1 point each)1. Georg.i.no.onl..skillfu.painter.bu.als.._____.writer.(talent)2. Th._______.Joh.t.Mar.wa.announce.i.th.newspaper.yesterday .(engage)3. .lov .th.movi.becaus.th.______.i.m.favorite.(act)《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷）第 3 页 共8页《商务英语写阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 4 页 共8页密封线4. ______.t.say .thi.absent-minde.professo.lef.hi.umbrell.i.th.classroo.again. (need)5. I'.afrai.th.gir.i..littl._______.fo.he.ag.an.height.(weight)6. Becaus.o.hi.______mitte.suicide.(responsibility)7. Readin.Englis.novel.help.______.you.vocabulary .(large)8. Hi.conduc._____.wit.hi.words.s.no.nobod.believe.i.him.(agree) 9..wa.annoye.b.tha._________.man.(mind.narrow)10. Mos.peopl.thin.tha.w.hav .mor.natura.resource.tha.w .need.bu.i.i.no._______. true.(necessary)Part IV Cloze (20points, 1 point each) Direction.Fo.eac.blan.i.th.followin.passage.choos.th.mos.suitabl.wor.fro.thi.lis.o.word.provide.un.A Thirsty World Th.worl.i.no.onl.hungry.i.i.als.thirst.fo.water.Thi.ma.see.strang.t.you.(1.____.nearl.7.pe.cen.o.th.earth ’.surfac.i.covere.wit.water.Bu.abou.9.pe.cen.o.thi.hug.(2.____.th.(3.____..pe.cen..th.fres.wate.(4.____.(5.____.o.that.becaus.som.o.i.i.i.th.(6.____.o.iceberg.an.glaciers.However.(7.____.thing.stan.today .thi.smal.amoun.o.fres.water.whic.i.constantl.(8.____.replace.b.rainfall.i.stil.en .Bu.ou.nee.(9.____.wate.i.increasin.rapidl..almos.da.b.day .Onl.i.w .(10.____.step.t.dea.wit.thi.proble.no.(11.____te.on..limite.wate.suppl.woul.hav .(12.____.ba.effec.o.agricultur.an.industr y .W .al.hav .t.lear.(13.____.t.sto.wastin.ou.preciou.water.On.o.th.firs.step.w .(14.____.tak.i.t.develo.way .o.reusin.it.Expe riment.hav .alread.bee.don.i.thi.field.bu.onl.(15.____..smal.scale.(16.____.eve.i.ever.cit.purifie.an.reuse.it.water.w .stil.woul.no.hav .(17._____.Al.we ’.hav .o.th.vas.(18.____.o.se.wate.i.th.worl.i.(19.____.th.salt.An.the.we ’l.b.i.(20.____.dange.o.dryin.up.Part V Reading Comprehension (40 points,2 points each) Directions.Ther.ar.fiv.passage.i.thi.part.Eac.passag.i.followe.b.fiv.question.o.unfinishe.statements.Fo.eac.question.ther.ar.fou.choice.marke.A.B..an.D.Y o.shoul.choos.th.bes.answer.The.mar.th.correspondin.lette.o.th.Answe.Shee.wit..singl.lin.throug.th.center. Passage 1 Ever.anima.i..livin.radiato..hea.forme.i.it.cell.i.give.of.throug.it.skin.W arm-bloode.animal.maintai..stead.temper atur.b.constantl.replacin.los.surfac.heat.smalle.animals.whic.hav .mor.ski.fo.ever.ounc.o.bod.weight.mus.produc.hea.fa ste.tha.bigge.ones.Becaus.smalle.animal.bur.fue.faster.scientist.sa.the.liv .faster. e.oxyge.eigh.time.a.fast.i.i.sai.tha.th.mouse-lik.shre.i.livin.eigh.time.a.fas.a.th.chicken.Th.smalles.o.th.warm-bloode.creatures.th.hummingbird.live..hundre.time.a.fas.a.a.elephant. Ther.i..limi.t.ho.smal..warm-bloode.anima.ca.be..mamma.o.bir.tha.weighe.onl.tw .an..hal.gram.woul.starv .t.deat h.I.woul.bur.u.it.foo.to.rapidl.an.woul.no.b.abl.t.ea.fas.enoug.t.suppl.mor.fuel. 1. The passage says that every animal is a living radiator because it_____. A.produce.hea.i.it.bod.cells B.burn.fue.t.produc.heatC.send.ou.hea.fro.it.bodiesD.require.oxyge.t.produc.heat 2. W arm-blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by_____.A.restorin.hea.continuallyB.storin.hea.i.thei.bod.cellsC.regulatin.th.amoun.o.hea.producedD.regulatin.th.amoun.o.hea.give.off 3. The amount of oxygen an animal uses depends on_____. A.ho.muc.i.weighs B.wha.foo.i.eatsC.wha.i.i.likeD.ho.lon.i.lives4. An animal weighing less than 2.5 grams would starve because it would not be able to _____.A.ge.enoug.oxygenB.maintai.it.bod.temperatureC.bur.it.foo.fas.enoughD.ea.fas.enoug.t.suppl.fuel 5. What is implied but not stated in the passage? rg..warm-bloode.anima.ca.be. B.Th.hummingbir.live.faste.tha.an.othe.warm-bloode.creature. C.Smal.animal.hav rg.ones.D.Th.hummingbir.i.th.smalles.o.th.warm-bloode.animals. Passage 2 n.ofte.li.ver.clos.t.on.another. Peopl.livin.i.Bakersfield.fo.instance.ca.visi.th.Pacifi.Ocea.an.th.coasta.plain.th.fertil.Sa.Joaqui.Valley.th.ari.Moj es.I.othe.area.i.i.possibl.t.g.sno.skiin.i.th.mornin.an.surfi n.i.th.evenin.o.th.sam.day.withou.havin.t.trave.lon.distances.Contras.abound.i.California.Th.highes.poin.i.th.Unite.State.(outsid.Alaska.i.i.California.an.s.i.th.lowes.poin.(inc ludin.Alaska)es. kes.I.ha.kes.lik.O kebeds. kes.valleys.deserts.an.plateaus.Californi.ha.it.Pacifi.coastline.stretchin.longe.tha.th.coastli bined.《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 5 页 共8页《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 2页 共8页教学点： 年级： 专业： 层次: 姓名： 学号： 座位号:密封线内请不要答题6. Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States? k.Tulainyo. B.Mojav.Desert. C.Deat.Valley. D.Th.Salto.Sea.7. Where is the highest point in the United States located? k.Tahoe. B.Sierr.Nevada. C.Moun.Whitney. D.Alaska.8. How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney? es. es. C.28.feet. D.1.49.feet.9. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield? A.Th.Pacifi.Ocean. B.Sa.Joaqui.Valley. C.Mojav.Desert. D.Orego.an.Washington.10. Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast? k.Tulainyo. B.I.i.possibl.t.g.surfin.an.sno.skiin.i.som.part.o.Californi.withou.havin.t. trave.lon.distance. C.Sierr.Nevada.Sa.Joaqui.Valley.Mojav.Deser.an.th.Pacifi.Ocea.al.li.withi.. es. k.a.all. Passage 3 Childre.ar..relativel.moder.invention.Unti..fe.hundre.year.ag.the.di.no.exist.I.medieva.an.Renaissanc.pai ntin.yo.se.pint-size.me.an.women.wearin.grown-u.clothe.an.grown-u.expressions.performin.grown-u.tasks.C hildre.di.no.exis.becaus.th.famil.a.w.kno.i.ha.no.evolved. Childre.toda.no.onl.exist.the.hav.take.over.i.n.plac.mor.tha.i.America.an.a.n.tim.mor.tha.now.I.i.alway.Kids.Countr.here.Ou.civilizatio.i.child-centered.child-obsessed..kid ’.bod.i.ou.physica.ideal.I.Kid ’e. W.ar.th.firs.societ.i.whic.parent.expec.t.lear.fro.thei.children.Suc..topsy-turv.(颠倒.abou.a.leas.i.par.because.unlik.th.res.o.th.world.our.i.a.immigran.society.an.fo.immigran.t h.onl.hop.i.i.th.kids.I.th.Ol.Country.tha.is.Europe.hop.wa.i.th.farther.an.ho.muc.wealt.h.coul.accumulat.an.pa s.alon.t.hi.children.I.th.growt.patter.o.Americ.an.it.ever-expandin.frontier.th.youn.ma.wa.eve.advise.t.G.WE ST.th.farthe.wa.eve.inheritin.fro.hi.son.Kids.Countr.ma.b.th.inevitabl.result. .true.I.was.afte.all..boy ’.gam.t.g.t.th.moo n. If in the old days children did not exist, it seems equally true today that adults, as a class, have begun to disappear, condemning all of us to remain boys and girls forever, jogging and doing push-ups (俯卧撑) against eternity .11. The author uses the example of the Renaissance painting to show that _______. A.adult.showe.les.concer.fo.childre.tha.w .d.now B.adult.wer.smalle.an.thinne.a.tha.time.bu.the.stil.ha..lo.o.wor.t.do C.childre.looke.an.acte.lik.adult.a.tha.time D.childre.wer.no.permitte.t.appea.i.famil.painting.a.tha.time12. In the third paragraph, the Old Country is contrasted with America _______. A.t.sho.difference.i.famil.size B.t.sho.difference.i.attitude.toward.famil.relations C.t.so.tw .kind.o.geography D.t.sho.tw .differen.kind.o.economi.relation.betwee.generations 13. Going to the moon is an example of _______. A.America ’.dream.an.creativity B.America ’.childis.an.quee.behavior C.wh.Americ.hasn ’.grow .up D.wh.Americ.i.considere.th.greates.countr.i.th.world 14. According to the passage, which of the following is true? A.I.i.ver.difficul.fo.th.middle-age.t.liv .i.America. B.Americ.i.Kids.Countr.becaus.th.majorit.o.it.peopl.ar.youn.an.vigorous. C.Kids.Countr.wa.takin.shap.i.Americ.whe.immigrant.poure.int.th.country D.Americ.i.mor.o.Kids.Countr.tha.an.othe.countrie.i.th.world.15. By saying “condemning all of us to remain boys and girls forever, jogging doing push -ups against eternity ,” the author means that _______. A.sh.think.peopl.shouldn ’.b.s.concerne.abou.physica.fitness B.sh.feel.to.ol.an.tire.t.d.suc.har.exercise C.America.societ.i.overemphasizin.yout.an.physica.appearance D.wha.happene.t.childre.centurie.ag.ma.occu.t.adult.i.Americ.soon Passage 4 mo.snak.i.Britai.i.th.adder.I.Scotland.i.fact.ther.ar.n.othe.snake.a.all.Th.adde.i.als.th.onl.Britis.sn ak.wit..poisonou.bite.I.ca.b.foun.almos.anywhere.bu.prefer.sunn.hillside.an.roug.ope.country .includin.hig.ground.I.Ire lan.ther.ar.n.snake.a.all. Mos.peopl.regar.snakebite.a..fata.misfortune.bu.no.al.bite.ar.serious.an.ver.fe.ar.fatal.Sometime.attempt.a.emerg enc.treatmen.tur.ou.t.b.mor.dangerou.tha.th.bit.itself.wit.amateur.heroically .bu.mistakenly .tryin.do-it-yoursel.surger.an .othe.unnecessar.measures. Al.snake.hav .smal.teeth.s.i.follow .tha.al.snake.ca.bite.bu.onl.th.bit.o.th.adde.present.an.danger.Britis.snake.ar.sh.animal.an.ar.fa.mor.frightene.o.yo.tha.yo.coul.possibl.b.o.them.Th.adde.wil.attac.onl.i.i.feel.threatened.a.ca.happe.i.yo .tak.i.b.surpris.an.ste.o.i.accidentall.o.i.yo.tr.t.catc.i.o.pic.i.up.whic.i.dislike.intensely .I.i.hear ing.i.wil.normall.g e.ou.o.th.wa.a.quickl.a.i.can.bu.adder.canno.mov .ver.rapidl.an.ma.attac.befor.movin.i.yo.ar.ver.close. Th.effec.o..bit.varie.considerably .I.depend.upo.severa.things.on.o.whic.i.th.body-weigh.o.th.perso.bitten.Th.big ge.th.person.th.les.harmfu.th.bit.i.likel.t.be.whic.i.wh.childre.suffe.fa.mor.seriousl.fro.snak.bite.tha.adults..health.perso .wil.als.hav .bette.resistanc.agains.th.poison. V ery few people actually die from snakebites in Britain, and though these bites can make some people very ill, there are probably just as many cases of bites having little or no effect, as there are of serious illness. 16. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A.Th.adde.i.th.onl.poisonou.snak.i.Britain. B.I.Scotlan.ther.ar.n.othe.snake.excep.th.adder. C.Snak.bite.see.mor.dangerou.tha.the.actuall.are. D.People ’.attempt.a.emergenc.treatmen.ar.utterl.unnecessary . 17. Adder.ar.mos.likel.t.b.foun._______. A.i.wilde.part.o.Britai.an.Ireland B.i.Scotlan.an.nowher.else n.throughou.Britain D.i.shad.field.i.England18. W e are told that British snakes are _____. A.afrai.o.huma.beings B.poisonou.includin.th.adder C.dangerou.excep.th.adder D.friendl.toward.huma.beings班级____________________ 学号______----------------------------------------密-------------------------------------《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷）第 7 页 共8页《商务英语写阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 8 页 共8页密封线19. When will the adder not attack you? A.Whe.yo.tr.t.catc.it.B.Whe.yo.ar.som.distanc.awa.fro.it.C.Whe.yo.happe.t.ste.o.it.D.Whe.yo.tr.t.pic.i.up.20. If an adder hears you coming, it will usually ______. A.attac.yo.immediately B.disappea.ver.quickly C.wai.t.frighte.you D.mov .ou.o.th.way B.Drunke.Drivers.C.Drunke.Pedestria.Accidents.D..Sever.Highwa.Safet.Problem.。
(完整word)2018年高考全国卷1英语试题及答案,推荐文档
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19. 15.B. £ 9. 18.C. £ 9. 15.答案是C。
1.what will James do tomorrow ?A.Watch a TV program.B.Give a talk.C.Write a report.2.What can we say about the woman?A.She's generour.B.She's curious.C.She's helpful.3.When does the traif leave?A.At 6:30.B.At8:30.C.At 10:30.4.How does the wonar sRwr?mA.By car.B.On foot.C.By bike5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacher and student.C.Doctor and patient.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2018考研英语(一)真题及参考答案(完整版)(00001)
2018考研英语(一)真题及参考答案(完整版)2018考研英语（一）真题及参考答案（完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2 , in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us.A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillfulat separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMindwill be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years,leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side ofthe White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid.The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.【答案】41. (E)→C →42. (G) →43. (A)→F→44. (B)→45. (D)Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.(46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48) but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.【参考译文】46.到莎士比亚出生的年代，欧洲经历了宗教戏剧的消亡，以及在古典悲剧和喜剧的影响下新的戏剧形式的产生。
商务英语一级考试答案
商务英语一级考试答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. What is the most appropriate way to address a business email to an unknown recipient?A. Dear Sir/MadamB. Hello everyoneC. Hi thereD. To whom it may concern答案：A2. Which of the following is NOT a typical section of a business report?A. IntroductionB. BodyC. ConclusionD. Personal opinion答案：D3. In a business meeting, when should you avoid using your mobile phone?A. When taking notesB. When waiting for your turn to speakC. When the meeting is adjournedD. At all times答案：D4. What is the purpose of a SWOT analysis in business?A. To evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a companyB. To assess the opportunities and threats facing a businessC. To determine the company's market shareD. To forecast future sales答案：B5. Which of the following is the correct way to greet someone in a formal business setting?A. Hey, how's it going?B. What's up?C. Good morning, Mr. SmithD. Hi, dude答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）6. When making a presentation, it's important to maintain eye contact with your _______ to show confidence and engagement. 答案：audience7. A _______ is a document that outlines the terms and conditions of a business agreement.答案：contract8. In business communication, it's crucial to be _______ and concise to ensure clarity and effectiveness.答案：clear9. The _______ is the part of a business plan that describes the company's goals and objectives.答案：executive summary10. When dealing with international clients, it's important to be aware of cultural _______ to avoid misunderstandings. 答案：differences三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读以下商务邮件，并回答问题。
全国商务英语一级试题
全国商务英语一级试题IntroductionThe national Business English Level 1 Test is an important assessment for individuals who are seeking to demonstrate their proficiency in using English in a business context. This article aims to provide an overview of the test structure and content, as well as tips and strategies for successful preparation and performance.Section 1: Listening ComprehensionThe Listening Comprehension section of the Business English Level 1 Test assesses the ability to understand spoken English in a business context. It consists of a series of audio recordings, followed by multiple-choice questions. The topics covered in this section include business meetings, conversations, and presentations.To excel in the Listening Comprehension section, it is important to develop good listening skills. Regularly expose yourself to authentic business-related audio materials, such as podcasts, news reports, and TED Talks. Practice active listening by taking notes while listening to improve retention and understanding of the content.Section 2: Reading ComprehensionIn the Reading Comprehension section, candidates are required to read and understand written passages related to various business topics. The test includes multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank questions based on the giventexts. The passages cover a wide range of topics including marketing, finance, economics, and international business.When preparing for the Reading Comprehension section, it is helpful to practice reading business-related articles, reports, and case studies. Pay attention to the main ideas, supporting details, and vocabulary used. Familiarize yourself with different question types and practice answering them within the time limit to improve speed and accuracy.Section 3: Vocabulary and GrammarThe Vocabulary and Grammar section measures the candidates' knowledge and understanding of business-related vocabulary, as well as their grammatical accuracy. This section consists of multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank questions, requiring candidates to demonstrate their ability to use appropriate business terms and structures in context.To enhance vocabulary and grammar skills, it is recommended to create flashcards or word lists of business-related terms and phrases. Regularly review and practice using these words in sentences to reinforce understanding and retention. Additionally, focus on grammar rules and practice applying them correctly in various business scenarios.Section 4: Business WritingThe Business Writing section assesses candidates' ability to communicate effectively in written English in a business setting. Test takers are required to complete tasks such as writing emails, memos, reports, and business letters. They are evaluated based on their language accuracy, organization, clarity, and coherence.To excel in the Business Writing section, practice various types of business writing tasks regularly. Pay attention to proper email and letter formatting, maintaining a professional tone, and addressing the intended audience appropriately. Review common business writing conventions, such as formalities and salutations, to ensure accuracy in your responses.Tips and Strategies1. Familiarize yourself with the test format and instructions to save time during the exam.2. Develop effective time management skills by practicing under timed conditions.3. Improve your overall English proficiency by engaging in regular language practice and exposure.4. Utilize online resources and practice tests to simulate the actual test environment.5. Seek feedback from teachers or native English speakers to identify areas of improvement.6. Stay calm and focused during the exam, and carefully read each question before answering.ConclusionThe national Business English Level 1 Test is a comprehensive assessment of individuals' proficiency in English for business purposes. To achieve a high score, thorough preparation is essential. By following the tips and strategies outlined in this article, test takers can enhance theirperformance and increase the chances of success. Good luck with your Business English Level 1 Test!。
2018年高考英语全国卷1 word版 含参考答案及解析
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷1）英语第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £ 9.18.C. £ 9.15.答案是C。
1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. She’s generous.B. She’s curious.C. She’s helpful.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.C. At 10:304. How does the woman go to work?A. By carB. On footC. By bike.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分。
满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
2018考研英语一真题(完整版)
2018考研英语一真题(完整版)[英文版]2018 National Entrance Examination for Postgraduate English (Complete Version)IntroductionThe National Entrance Examination for Postgraduate, commonly known as the "kao yan," is a highly competitive examination in China. The English section of the exam is divided into two parts: English I and English II. In this article, we will focus on the English I section and analyze the 2018 English I exam in detail.Section 1: Listening ComprehensionThe first section of the 2018 English I exam was the listening comprehension section. This section aims to test the candidates' ability to understand spoken English. It consisted of four parts, with a total of 25 questions. Each question was played twice, allowing candidates to listen carefully and answer accurately.Section 2: Reading ComprehensionThe second section of the 2018 English I exam was the reading comprehension section. This section aimed to assess candidates' reading skills and understanding of written English. It consisted of five reading passages, with a total of 15 questions. The passages covered a wide range of topics, including science, history, and society.Section 3: TranslationThe third section of the 2018 English I exam was the translation section. This section required candidates to translate sentences from Chinese to English. It tested their ability to accurately convey the meaning of the original sentences while maintaining grammatical and linguistic accuracy.Section 4: WritingThe final section of the 2018 English I exam was the writing section. Candidates were given a topic and required to write an essay within a given time limit. The topic of the 2018 exam was "The impact of social media on society." This section aimed to evaluate candidates' ability to express their ideas clearly and coherently in written English.ConclusionThe 2018 National Entrance Examination for Postgraduate English I section tested candidates' listening comprehension, reading comprehension, translation, and writing skills. It challenged their English proficiency and ability to think critically and express themselves effectively in the language. The exam served as an important milestone for those aspiring to pursue further studies in China, reflecting the increasing importance of English as a global language.As a candidate preparing for the exam, it is crucial to familiarize yourself with the format and content of the English I section to improve your performance and maximize your chances of success. Additionally, continuous practice and exposure to English materials can greatly enhance your language skills and overall ability to excel in the exam.。
2018年1月05440商务英语写作真题及答案
Ⅰ. Term-matching（20 points，1 point for each）Ⅱ. Multiple-choice（20 points，2 points for each）There are 10 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentences. Give your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. A joint venture shall apply _________ the Foreign Investment Commission of the People’s Republic of China for authorization of the agreements and contracts concluded.A. inB. atC. onD. to22. We are pleased to _________ you that we are interested in the Wave Radio and the CD advertised in Life of spring 2004.A informB. reformC. conformD. formulate23. With a long history and high _________，this company has established a good reputation at home and abroad.A. validityB. capabilityC. reliabilityD. ability24. As can be _________ in the table below，the starting time options in the scheme were 8：00，08：30 and 09：15 a.m.A. sawB. seenC. seeD. seem25. However，I am fully occupied and cannot meet you on November 13. My schedule is more_________ from Nov 15 to 18.A. flexibleB. credibleC. sensibleD. visible26. In view of the favorable feedback on the Pilot Scheme，it is recommended that the system be fully _________ in the company.A. reducedB. introducedC. producedD. induced27. Please let us have $300 by September 30，2004 or we shall _________ the case to our lawyer.A. hand overB. hand inC. hand upD. hand to28. Business English Certificate is a kind of examination in English as a foreign language_________ by National Education Examination Centre authorized by University of Cambridge Local Examination Syndicate.A. carried onB. went onC. carried outD. taken up29. Rich is the state whose exports _________ imports and poor is the one that she imports more than manufactured products and exports more raw products.A. exceedB. excelC. exchangeD. expand30. At your request，we are arranging the _________ of 50 boxes of the product mentioned above，which is supposed to arrive at your city in two weeks.A. sendingB. givingC. expressingD. deliveryⅢ. E-C Translation（15 points，3 points for each）Translate the following English sentences into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet. 31. We have looked into this matter in detail and so far as we have found that there is no groundfor such a claim to be lodged against us. If you examine the goods with great care with the sample，you will find they are of the exactly same quality.32. We have supplied the same goods to other markets in Europe and have received no complaint.I trust our Sales Representative will be helpful in clearing up some misunderstanding and doubts.33. To give you a general idea of our products，we enclose a complete set of leaflets.34. The company has taken five-year—long quality guarantee，longer than that of most other manufacturers. We are looking forward to your first order.35. If we were at fault we should be very glad to allow you to return the damaged goods for credit，but in view of the fact that our goods were carefully packed by experienced workmen and sent out in perfect condition，we are certain they were damaged through careless handling while in transit.Ⅳ. C-E Translation（15 points，3 points for each）Translate the following Chinese sentences into English. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 36.我方货源中包括各种一流的个人电脑，价格非常诱人。
(完整word版)2018年高考英语全国1卷试卷及答案(清晰word版),推荐文档
绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. She’s generous.B. She’s curious.C. She’s helpful.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.C. At 10:30.4. How does the woman go to work?A. By car.B. On foot.C. By bike.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.英语试题第1页（共13页）第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2018全国Ⅰ卷英语高考真题
2018全国Ⅰ卷英语高考真题I. Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. M: Do you think we should go to the party tonight?W: I'm not really in the mood for a party. Let's just stay home.2. M: What time is it now?W: Sorry, I don't have my watch with me.3. M: Did you enjoy your visit to the museum?W: Yes, it was fascinating. I learned so much about art and history.4. M: How long have you been working at this company?W: I have been here for three years now. Time flies!5. M: I heard you got the highest score on the exam. Congratulations!W: Thank you. I studied really hard for it.6. M: Can I borrow your car this weekend? Mine is in the repair shop.W: My sister is using it, but I can lend you my bike if you want.7. M: Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight?W: I'm afraid I can't. I have to prepare for tomorrow's presentation.8. M: The weather forecast says it's going to rain all day tomorrow.W: That's disappointing. I had planned to go hiking with my friends.9. M: Can you pick up my dry cleaning on your way home from work?W: I'm sorry, but I'll be working late tonight. I won't be able to.10. M: Excuse me, is there a pharmacy nearby?W: Yes, there's one just around the corner.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A. Its high cost. B. Its superior quality. C. Its weight. D. Its versatility.12. A. 25 years. B. 30 years. C. 45 years. D. 50 years.13. A. The customizations. B. The consistent temperature. C. The minimum maintenance. D. The quiet operation of the vessel.Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A. How to choose the right TV channel for their children.15. A. Enjoying their favorite TV shows.16. A. Increased exposure to commercial advertisements.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20, fill your choice into the corresponding blanks:W: Hello, this is Sarah speaking. Is Mr. Johnson available?M: I'm sorry, but he's currently (17) ______________ at the moment. Can I take a message?W: Yes, please. I'm calling from the Widget Company regarding our (18) ______________ appointment with him. We need to reschedule.M: Okay, let me just check his calendar. How about next Tuesday at 3 p.m.?W: That works for us. Thank you.M: You're welcome. I will inform Mr. Johnson. Is there anything else I can help you with?W: Actually, yes. We have a few more questions about the (19)______________ we recently received. Can you transfer me to the relevant department?M: Of course. Please hold the line and I will connect you right away.W: Thank you so much for your assistance.M: You're welcome. Have a great day!W: You too. Goodbye.Conversation 2W: Hi, I'm calling about the job opening posted on your website. Is it still available?M: Yes, it is. May I know who I'm speaking with?W: This is Lucy Chen. I'd like to know more information about the (20) ______________.M: I'll be happy to provide you with any details you need. Let me start by telling you about the job responsibilities and requirements.W: That would be great. Thank you.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20 marks)Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a givenword, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(1) Scientists equipped with bags of underwater cameras are hoping penquins can (1)_________________________ (assist) in the ongoing research to estimate the percentage of (2)_________________________ (success) penguins (帮我补上 2个字，定稿后会删除) have in finding food within one specific (3)_________________________ (region) in Antarctica, home to one of the world’s most diverse marine ecosystems. The cameras, which (4)_________________________ (develop) by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), are designed to be deployed to the seafloor from a Coast Guard vessel….Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that some of the words may be used as different parts of speech.collapse consume designate capable trigger consumption yield nutritional individual resistant(1)-------------------------------------------------------------- can (2)-------------------------------------------------------------- to stress in different ways. Our bodies are (3)-------------------------------------------------------------- of dealing with stress in short bursts, but over time, chronic (4)-------------------------------------------------------------- can lead to a variety of health issues. In order to maintain a healthy body, (5)-------------------------------------------------------------- play a crucial role in providing us with the necessary (6)-------------------------------------------------------------- support. Too much stress can (7)-------------------------------------------------------------- our immune systems, so it is important to consume a balanced diet to (8)-------------------------------------------------------------- a strong immune system. Healthy (9)-------------------------------------------------------------- are (such as) fruits, vegetables, and whole grains (10)-------------------------------------------------------------- the necessary vitamins and minerals our bodies need.III. Reading Comprehension (30 marks)Directions: After reading the following passage, answer the questions or complete the statements by choosing the best option from the choices given.A long time ago, there lived a young prince named Siddhartha in a beautiful palace. He had everything he could ever possibly want, except for one thing – satisfaction. One day, he snuck out of the palace and was stunned by the suffering he witnessed outside the palace walls. This led him on a journey to discover the answers to the questions that had been bothering him his entire life.Siddhartha encountered an old man, a sick man, and a corpse, all of whom were suffering greatly. This encounter made Siddhartha realize that the pursuit of pleasure and material possessions could not bring true happiness. The prince was determined to find a way to end suffering.He traveled from place to place, seeking wisdom from spiritual teachers and meditation. Eventually, Siddhartha sat under a bodhi tree where he vowed not to leave the spot until he had found the truth. After six days and nights of deep meditation, Siddhartha finally attained enlightenment. He became known as the Buddha, wh ich means “the enlightened one”.The Buddha's teachings centered around the Four Noble Truths: that there is suffering in life, suffering is caused by desire, suffering can be overcome, and the way to overcome suffering is through following the Eightfold Path. The Eightfold Path consists of having the right understanding, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.The Buddha’s teachings spread throughout India and the rest of the world, with Buddhism becoming one of the major religions. The principles of Buddhism are still followed today, with millions of people finding peace and enlightenment through its teachings.21. What did Siddhartha witness outside the palace walls?A. A beautiful palace.B. People who had everything they wanted.C. An old man, a sick man, and a corpse suffering greatly.D. Material possessions that brought true happiness.22. According to the passage, what made Siddhartha realize that the pursuit of pleasure and material possessions could not bring true happiness?A. Seeing a beautiful palace.B. Meeting a spiritual teacher.C. Witnessing the suffering of others.D. Attaining enlightenment under the bodhi tree.23. Which of the following is NOT part of the Buddha's teachings?A. The Eightfold Path.B. The journey to discover the truth.C. The Four Noble Truths.D. Finding peace and enlightenment.24. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Siddhartha's journey to find enlightenment.B. The pursuit of pleasure and material possessions.C. The principles of Buddhism.D. The suffering of the old man, sick man, and corpse.IV. Writing (25 marks)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic "The Importance of Learning English." You should write at least 120 words, but no more than 180 words.In your composition, you should:1. state the importance of learning English,2. give reasons why people should learn English,3. offer suggestions on how to improve English skills.V. Translation (15 marks)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 汤姆每天晚上都会锻炼身体。
2018年高考英语全国卷1真题及答案word版打印版
2018年高考英语全国卷1真题及答案word版打印版Explore the capital city on this 3-hour bike tour。
Your knowledgeable guide will take you through the streets of Washington。
D.C。
to see XXX。
This small group tour is the perfect way to get an overview of the city and learn about its rich history。
Bike。
helmet。
XXX.BXXX of YogaYoga XXX years。
It involves a series of physical postures。
breathing techniques。
XXX。
Here are some of the many XXX:1.Stress Relief: Yoga has been shown to ce XXX.2.Improved Flexibility: XXX.3.Increased StrengthXXX fitness.4.Better Sleep: Practicing yoga before bed can help improve the quality of sleep。
The XXX calm the mind and prepare the body for rest.5.Mental Clarity: Yoga can help XXX.Overall。
practicing yoga can have many positive effects on both the body and mind。
Whether you're looking to ce stress。
XXX。
or increase strength。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(全国卷1)及答案解析
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（全国卷1）及答案解析英语第一部分听力 (共两节，满分30分做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £ 9.18.C. £ 9.15.答案是C。
1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give atalk. C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. She’s generous.B. She’s curious.C. She’s helpful.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.C. At 10:304. How does the woman go to work?A. By carB. On footC. By bike.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分。
满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
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试卷代号:3897国家开放大学(中央广播电视大学)2017 年秋季学期"开放专科"期未考试商务英语1 试题2018 年1 月注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站〉名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。
考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。
试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。
监考人收完考卷和答题纸后才可离开考场。
二、仔细读懂题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。
答案一定要写在答题纸的指定位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。
三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。
四、考试时间为60 分钟。
1871一、交际用语(共计10 分，每小题2 分} 1-5 题:选择正确的语旬完成下面对话，并将答案序号写在答题纸上。
1. - Good morning. Far East Logistics Company. This is Lin Hanxue. May 1 help you?A. Good morning, Ms. Lin. Nice to meet you.B. No, thank you.C. Good morning, Ms. Lin. This is Daniel Anderson speaking. 2. - He11o, David! 1 haven' t heard from you for a long time. How have you beenrecently?A. That' s OK.B. Long time no see.C. N ot bad, thank you.3. 一Oh. But why didn't he just own up and te11 someone?A. So be careful with our job.B. He was too scared that he would be fired, 1 suppose.C. You should have told him that earlier.4. 一Let me show you how to use the printer.A. 1'11 do my best.B. Thanks for your help.C. No, 1 can use it myself.5. - 1 got to know Ted only from his resume. ln fact he is not qualified for his job.A. Oh, it's such a pity!C. l' m glad to hear that! 二、词汇与结构{共计30 分，每小题2 分)B. Oh, it sounds interesting!6-20 题:阅读下面的旬子，从A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的正确选项，并将答案序号写在答题纸上。
6. l' m particularly proud of 一一一1 organized the finances.A.whoC.howB. which7. There are some visitors 一一一-一一to our marketing department next week.A. comeB. comingC. to coming18728. But the charge will be 一一一一一_ and it also slows down delivery. A. more valuable C. higher 9. The third part is the 一一一一一results. A. expect C. expected B. cheaper B. expecting10. We try our best to 一一一一一一your requirement. A. make B. meetC. get 11. Every business has its ups and downs, and so 一一一一一_ every person. A. is B. does C. do12. 18 of the EU members have replaced their national currencies by Euro notes andcoins 2002.A. forB. atC. since 13. It is better to tell someone to get it 一一一一一·A. fix B. fixed C. fixing14. The company' s Human Resources department will then select the most suitable people to 一一一一一一an interview. A. attend B. joinC.go 15. The ten-day display and sale 一一一一一一finished tomorrow.A. isB. would beC. will be16. Small holes should be made in theA. dry C. wetcloth to let the moisture out.B. wa terproof17. Don' t worry so much一一-一一一一is my job!A. worryC. worriedB. worrying18. Those numbers come to mean the world to you 一一一一一_ they give you the record of how much money you've earned or lost.A. so thatC. becauseB. in case187319. We are usually very prompt 一一一一一一_ settling your accounts.A.inB.onVJ a , d o +t-w 吨EE--u 由-gb5, dnH E--U 如川江MUS -bmwt!oe amusn CVACnu qLB. new something三、阅读理解{共40 分，每小题 4 分) 21-25 题:阅读下到短文，从A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个正确答案，并将答案序号写在答题纸上。
Passage 1 If you don' t have much experience of making phone calls in English, making a business call can be a worrying experience. Most business people, unless they feel very confident, prepare for an important phonecall in a foreign language by making notes in advance. And during the call they make noteswhile they're talking to help them to remember what was said.Although it' s quick and convenient to phone someone to give them information or to ask questions, the disadvantage is that there is nothing in writing to help you to remember what was said. It' s essential to make notes and often when an agreement is reached on the phone, one of the speakers will send a fax or e-mail to confirm the main points that were made. Because it's so easy to be misunderstood when talking on the phone, it's a good idea torepeat any important information Cespecially numbers and names) back to the other personto make sure you've got it right. Always make sure you know the name of the person you're talking to. If necessary, ask them to spell it out to you, so that you can make sure you' vegot it right-and try to use their name during the call. And make sure that they know yourname too. 21. If you don' t have much experience of making phone calls in English, making a business call can beA. an easy thing c. a painful thing22. Most business people prepare for an important phone call in a foreign language byB. a happy experiencemaking notes in advanc巳because 一一一一一一·A. they are very confidentB. their foreign language isn' t so goodC. they don't want to miss any important information187423. When the speakers reach an agreement on the phone，一一一一一will send a fax ore-mail in order to confirm the main points that were made.A. one of themB. both of themC. none of them 24. What does "it" refer to in the first sentence in paragraph four 一"…to make sureyou've got it right"?A. important informationB. the other personC. a good idea25. The best title of this passage would be "一一一一一一"A. The Importance of Taking NotesB. Making Business CallsC. Talking on the Phone 26-30 题:请根据短文内容判断给出的语句是否正确，正确的写"T" ，错误的写"F" .并将答案写在答题纸上。