2013-2014年第一学期高级英语试题(A)

泰山医学院2013_________2014学年第一学期2011级实用英语专科专业《高级英语》课程试卷APart I Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.Part I. READING COMPREHENSION ( 30%)Directions:In this part there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your choice in the answer sheet with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter.Passage 1What is sports violence? The distinction between unacceptable viciousness and a game's normal rough-and-tumble (混战) is impossible to make, or so the argument runs. This position may appeal to our inclination for legalism, but the truth is most of us know quite well when an act of needless savagery has been committed, and sports are little different from countless other activities of life. The distinction is as apparent as that between a deliberately aimed blow and the arm flailing of an athlete losing his balance.When a player balls his hand into a fist, when he drives his helmet into an unsuspecting opponent - in short, when he crosses the boundary between playing hard and playing to hurt - he can only intend an act of violence.Admittedly, violent acts in sports are difficult to police. But here, too, we find reflected the conditions of everyday life. Ambiguities in the law, confusion at the scene, and the reluctance of witnesses cloud almost any routine assault case. Such uncertainties, however, have not prevented society from arresting people who strike their fellow citizens on the street.Perhaps our troubles stem not from the games we play but rather from how we play them. The 1979 meeting between hockey stars from the Soviet Union and the National Hockey League provided a direct test of two approaches to sport - the emphasis on skill, grace, and finesse by the Russians and the stress on brutality and violence by the NHL. In a startling upset, the Russians embarrassed their rough-playing opponents and exploded a long-standing myth: that success in certain sports requires excessive violence.Violence apologists cite two additional arguments. First, they say, sports always have been violent; today things are no different. But arguments in America's Old West were settled on Main Street with six-guns, and early cave-dwellers chose their women with a club. Civilizing influences ended those practices; yet we are told sports violence should be tolerated. The second contention is that athletes accept risk as part of the game, and in the case of professionals, are paid handsomely to do so. But can anyone seriously argue that being an athlete should require the acceptance of unnecessary physical abuse? And, exaggerated as it may seem, the pay of professional athletes presumably reflects their abilities, not a payment against combat injuries."Clearly we are in deep trouble," says perplexed former football player Al DeRogatis. "But how and why has it gotten so bad?"1. According to the author, the distinction between violent acts and non-violent ones in sports is _______.A. impossible to makeB. not very clear in any circumstancesC. too obvious to -escape observationD. not very difficult to make if enough attention is paid to2. A sports violence "apologist" probably thinks that ________.A. violence in sports is a rare occurrenceB. violence in sports is not necessaryC. athletes are paid enough for their injuriesD. professional athletes enjoy violence3. In the last paragraph the author indicates that_______.A. nothing can be done about violence in sportsB. football players are concerned about violence in sportsC. violence in sports is worse now than it ever wasD. athletes are confused about what should be permitted in sports4. The author feels that _______.A. the personalities of athletes produce violent confrontationsB. athletes should not have to accept unnecessary physical abuseC. athletes salaries are already too highD. athletes need higher salaries to compensate for their injuries5. The author's main thought is that ______.A. violence in sports is illegalB. finesse is more important than aggressionC. athletes should not be injured in sportsD. violence in sports is not necessaryPassage 2By about A.D. 500 the Mound Builder culture was declining. perhaps because of attacks from other tribes or perhaps because of severe climatic change that undermined agriculture. To the west another culture, based on intensive agriculture, was beginning to flourish. Its center was beneath present-day St. Louis, and it radiated out to encompass most of the Mississippi watershed , from Wisconsin to Louisiana and fromOklahoma to Tennessee. Thousands of villages were included in its orbit. By about A.D. 700 this Mississippian culture, as it is known to archaeologists, began to send its influence eastward to transform the life of most of the less technologically advanced woodland tribes. Like the Mound Builders of the Ohio region, these tribes, probably influenced by Meso-American cultures through trade and warfare, built gigantic mounds as burial and ceremonial places. The largest of them, rising in four terraces to a height of one hundred feet, has a rectangular base of nearly fifteen acres larger than that of the Great Pyramid of Egypt. Built between A.D. 900 and 1100, this huge earthwork faces the site of a palisaded (用栅栏防卫的) Indian city which contained more than one hundred small artificial mounds Barking burial sites. Spread among them was a vast settlement containing some 30,000 people by current estimations. The finely crafted ornaments and tools recovered at Cahokia, as this center of Mississippi culture is called, include elaborate ceramics, finely sculpted stonework, carefully engraved copper and mica sheets (云母片), and one funeral blanket made from 12,000 shell beads. They indicate that Cahokia was a true urban center, with clustered housing, markets, and specialists in tool-making, hide-dressing, potting, jewelry-making, weaving, and salt-making.6. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The Mississippian culture.B. The decline of Mound Builder culture.C. The architecture of Meso-American Indians.D. The eastern woodlands tribes.7. The Mississippian culture influenced the culture of the __________.A. Mound BuildersB. eastern woodland tribesC. Meso-AmericansD. Egyptians ,8. According to the passage, the mounds were used as _______.A. palaces for the royal familiesB. fortresses for conducting tradeC. centers for conducting tradeD. places for burying the dead9. According to the passage, how does the mound at Cahokia compare with the GreatPyramid?A. Its base covers a larger area.B. Its artifacts are more elaborate.C. It is fifteen times as heavy.D. It is higher.10. Which aspect of the Mississippian culture is discussed the LEAST in the passage?A. The construction of mounds.B. Agricultural methods.C. Urban settlement.D. The forms of artwork.Passage 3Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic concepts of geometry being learned. Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three-dimensional, it reaches out and begins grasping various kinds of objects. It is then. from perhaps nine to fifteen months, that the concepts of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now an ominous development takes place. The nerve fibers in the brain insulate themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very precisely. Soon it picks up language, and it is then brought into direct communication with adults. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of the community into which it has been so unfortunate as to have been born. Nature having done very well by the child to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now abandons it to the arbitrary conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and numbers, and it will always retain some memory of the early happy days, no matter what vicissitudes (变迁) it may suffer later on. The main reservoir of mathematical talent in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old, children who have just learned to speak fluently.11. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How basic concepts of physics are learned.B. Children's ability to learn languages.C. The impact of language on mathematicsD. Math-learning strategies for babies.12. According to the passage, which of the following activities would teach a baby aboutgeometry?A. Picking up a wooden block.B. Recognizing the number 2.C. Uttering a nonsense word.D. Looking at distant objects.13. According to the author, at what age does a child probably begin to learn about sets and numbers?A. Six months.B. Nine months.C. Fifteen months.D. Eighteen months.14. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?A. The language concepts used in early education interfere with mathematical reasoning.B. It is hopeless to try to teach children mathematics after the age of two.C. Language teaching should incorporate some mathematical formulas.D. Preschool education should stress society's beliefs and conventions.15. The author's attitude toward early childhood education can best be described assomewhat _______.A. indifferentB. compromisingC. indulgentD. cynicalII. Vocabulary ( 15%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence.16.As you approach the copper-smith’s market a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to __________ on your ear.A. strikeB. impingeC. hitD. hammer17.The shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods do not scatter themselves but collectin the same area so that they ca form a closely knit _________ against injustice and persecution.A. organizationB. mazeC. guildD. caravanserai18.Serious looking men spoke to each other so attentively as if they were __________ of the crowds about them.A. absorbedB. awareC. obliviousD. disdainful19.I think the lesson _________, he won’t make the same mistake again.A. has sunk inB. has gone throughC. has turned inD. has put through20.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the ___________ struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.A. insistentB. instinctC. instantD. incessant21.Nowadays, there so many ___________ images of environmental destruction that sometimes it seems impossible to know how to absorb or comprehend them.A. distressingB. depressingC. distractingD. distorting22.The increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate ________ that determines the pattern of winds, rainfall, surface temperature, ocean currents, and sea level.A. situationB. imbalanceC. equilibriumD. assessment23.Human civilization is now the ________ cause of change in the global environment.A. dominativeB. dominantC. domesticD. documental24.Cows are ________ and slow animals, and they usually don’t bother you unless you repeatedly upset them.A. soothingB. lukewarmC. gentleD. tender25.She stoops down quickly and ________ picture after picture of me sitting there.A. take upB. make upC. pick upD. line up26.The Nazi regime is ________ of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.A. obliviousB. devoidC. absentD. obscure27.In the broadcast, he said “We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every ________ of the Nazi regime.”A. labelB. flotsamC. vestigeD. sign28.Churchill said in the broadcast “If Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia willcause the slightest _________ of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken.A. divergenceB. departureC. adversityD. variation29.The Duchess of Croydon faced the grossness of the house detective squarely. Her tone would have ________ anyone who knew her well.A. overwhelmedB. witheredC. weakenedD. withheld30.Assuming the hotel man was _________, their only chance lay in removing the car quickly to the north.A. bought offB. bribed offC. turned offD. made offputer is already leading the consumer society away from the mass-produced _________ of the assembly line.A. entityB. uniquenessC. homogeneityD. unity32.The wild benefits of the electronic revolution, unlike those of most revolutions, will _________ to the young.A. benefitB. accrueC. favorD. attribute33.I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still __________ human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.A. primaryB. fundamentalC. cordialD. primodial34. When something goes wrong with an appliance a question to the computer wil__________ repair instructions ----- in future generations repairs will be made automatically.A. makeB. askC. elicitD. cause35. Beside the shrewd 68-year-old Darrowm, my consel included the handsome andmagnetic Dudley Filed Malone, 43, and Arthur Garfield Hays, quiet, scholarly and __________ in the law.A. steepedB. familiarC. knowledgedD. experienced36. The new law aimed _________ at Darwin’s theory of evolution.A. violentlyB. rashlyC. angrilyD. squarely37.In later life Mark Twain acknowledged that the river had _______ him with every possible type of human nature.A. accompaniedB. correspondedC. acquaintedD. recognized38.Mark Twain went west by stagecoach and _________ to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada’s Washoe region.A. indulgedB. involvedC. absorbedD. succumbed39.For eight months, Mark Twain _________ with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed.A. flirtedB. stroveC. playedD. trifled40.The fundamentalists __________ to a literal interpretation of the Old Testment.A. insistedB. adheredC. persistedD. persevered41.Chemical plants in the vicinity _________ more than half the nation’s soda ash for industry.A. turned upB. turned outC. turned inD. turned down42.These ceremonies have been _________ through the centuries, and remain practically unchanged.A. handed onB. handed offC. handed downD. handed in43.The ________problem of bringing a space-ship back from the moon has been solved.A. technologicalB. techniqueC. technologyD. technical44.He was ________ by a bee when he was collecting honey.A. scratchedB. bruisedC. woundedD. stung.45.Before I noticed a small difference, I had thought the machines were __________.A. identicalB. equivalentC. artificialD. occasionalIII. Paraphrase the following sentences according to what you have learned. ( 15% )46. We are ripping matters from its place in the earth in such volume as toupset the balance between daylight and darkness.____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 47. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and powerremain._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 48. Mark Twain digested the new American experience before sharing it withthe world as writer and lecturer._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 49. She thinks her sister has held her life always in the palm of one hand.____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 50. People from the surrounding hills, mostly fundamentalists, arrived to cheerBryan against the “infidel outsiders”.___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 51. Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head.___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 52. As you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fadesaway, and you come to the muted cloth-market.__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 53. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef.___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________54. It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight.____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 55. I was about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last wordssank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie.____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________IV: ( 10% )A) Replace the italicized words with simple, every day words.56.The shop-keepers speak in low, measured tones, and the buyers, overwhelmed by thesepulchral atmosphere, follow suit. ( ) 57.Others were using red telephones that hung on the facades of grocery stores andtobacco shops. ( )58. I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic cataclysm. ( )59. I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles further north to rendezvous point. ( )60. It is based on an obsolete understanding of what war is all about. ( )B) Replace the italicized words with more formal words.61. She talked a blue streak over the sweet potatoes. ( )62. She thinks that orchids are tacky flowers. ( )63. Now we are getting somewhere.( )64. they do the same for me, like letting me know what gives, and where. ( )65. That gave to California a name for getting up astounding enterprises. ( )V. Translate the following sentences into Chinese: ( 15 % )66. From them all Mark Twin gained a keen perception of the human race, of thedifference between what people claim to be and what they really are._____________________________________________________________________ 67. As “counsel for prosecution” a barrister will try to prove the accused person’s guilt. As“counsel for the defense” he will defend the accused._____________________________________________________________________ 68. It is a point of honor with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is shereally likes and wants until the last moment._____________________________________________________________________ 69. “…they vanish from a world where they were of no consequence; where theyachieved nothing; where they were a mistake and a failure and foolishness; where they have left no sign that they had existed --- a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.”_____________________________________________________________________70. I have only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler, and my life is much simplifiedthereby. If Hitler invaded the Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.VI. Translate the following sentences into English: ( 15% )71. 他们决定买那座带有汽车车库的房子。