第二部分

Part Ten The Age of RomanticismI. Fill in the blanks.1.The Romantic Period in American literature stretches from the end of the 18thcentury to the outbreak of ______.2.In “Rip Van Winkle”, which is written by , Rip falls into sleep for 20 years,during which the Revolutionary War takes place.3.Cooper’s Leatherstocking Series is about a frontiersman hero, Natty Bumppo, andconsists of 5 novels: The Pioneer s; ______; The Prairie; The Pathfinder; and ______.4.Ralph W. Emerson’s first little book ______ e stablished him as the most eloquentspokesman of Transcendentalism.5.Transcendentalism was, in essence, romantic idealism on Puritan soil. It was asystem of thought that originated from three sources: Unitarianism, ______ and ______.6.Melville is best known as the author of one book named ______, which is, criticshave agreed, one of the world’s greatest masterpieces.7.In ______, Hawthorne illustrates several sides of his writing: his disenchanted viewof human nature, his use of symbolism, and his interest in the supernatural.8.It is supposed by many that Edgar Allan Poe wrote the beautiful poem _______ toremember his dead wife.9.In the early 19th century “Rip Van Winkle”had established _______’s reputation athome and abroad, and designated the beginning of American Romanticism.10.The Civil War of 1861-1865 ended in the defeat of the Southerners and theabolition of _______.11.The American Transcendentalists formed a club called _______.12.In the early 19th century, Washington Irving wrote _______ which became the firstwork by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.13.At nineteen _______ published in his brother’s newspaper, his “Jonathan Oldstyle”satires of New York life.14.The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named_______.15.Irving also wrote two biographies, one is The Life of Oliver Goldsmith, and theother is _______.16.The central figure in the Leatherstocking Tales is _______, who goes by thevarious names of Leather Stocking, Deerslayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye.17.“To a Waterfowl” is perhaps the peak of _______’s work. It has been called by aneminent English critic “the most perfect brief poem in the Language.”18.Poe’s poem _______ is perhaps the best example of onomatopoeia in the Englishlanguage.19.Emerson’s truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerson’stheories, was Henry _______ Thoreau.20.In 1845, Thoreau began a two-year residence at _______Pond.21.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel _______.22.Melville’s novel _______ is a tremendous chronicle of the whaling voyage inpursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.23.From Thoreau’s Concord jail experience, came his famous essay _______.24.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s first collection of poems entitled _______appeared in 1838.25.After his death, _______ became the only American to be honored with a bust inthe Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.26.In 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne brought out his masterpiece _____, the story of atriangular love affair in colonial America.27.In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectuallife of America. It was entitled Nature by _______.28.Washington Irving, the Father of American literature, developed the _____ as agenre in American literature.29.Franklin’s best wr iting is found in his masterpiece _____.30.The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was _____.31._____ has sometimes been considered the father of the modern short story.II. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Which of the following works is regarded as the Declaration of IntellectualIndependence”?A. The American ScholarB. English TraitsC. The Conduct of LifeD. Representative Men2.In the middle of the 19th century, America witnessed a cultural flowering which iscalled “______”.A. the English RenaissanceB. the American RenaissanceC. the Second RenaissanceD. the Salem Renaissance3.______ is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the American Romanticism inthe history of American literature.A. New England TranscendentalismB. England TranscendentalismC. the Harlem RenaissanceD. New Transcendentalism4.About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the following statements is right?A. It's a love story and a story of sin.B. It's not a highly symbolic story though the author is a master of symbolism.C. It's mainly about the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin uponthe main characters and the people in general.D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.5.Moby-Dick is usually considered ______.A. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of theuniverseB. a spiritual exploration into man's deep reality and psychologyC. a simple whaling tale or sea adventureD. both A and B6.Born of one common cultural heritage, the American Romanticists shared somecommon features…______, with the English R omanticists.A. an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotionsB. an increasing attention to the psychic states of their charactersC. an increasing emphasis on the desire to return to natureD. both A and B7.As a philosophical and literary movement, transcendentalism flourished in NewEngland from the 1830s to the Civil War, whose most important representatives are ______.A. Emerson and ThoreauB. Emerson and WhitmanC. Hawthorne and MelvilleD. Edgar Poe and James Cooper8.Hawthorne’s uni que gift was for the creation of ______ which touch the deepestroots of man’s moral nature.A. symbolic storiesB. romantic storiesC. gothic storiesD. humorous stories9.Which of the following is not written by Herman Melville?______A. Typee and OmooB. Mardi and White JacketC. Moby-Dick and PierreD. The Bostonians and Billy Budd10.The novel Moby Dick shows the rebellious struggle of Captain Ahab against______.A. the overwhelming, mysterious vastness of the universe and the awesome forcesB. the gliding great demon of the seas of lifeC. the white whaleD. the savage harpooners and the motley crew11.The Romantic Period in American literature started from the publication ofWashington Irving's ______ and ended with Whitman's Leaves of Grass.A. The Sketch BookB. Tales of a TravellerC. A History of New YorkD. The Scarlet Letter12.As a philosophical and literary movement, the main issues involved in the debateof Transcendentalism are generally concerning ______.A. nature, man and the universeB. the relationship between man and womanC. the development of Romanticism in American literatureD. the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism13.About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the following statements is not right?A. It's very hard to say that it is a love story or a story of sin.B. It's a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.C. It's mainly about the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin uponthe main characters and the people in general.D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.14.The great sea adventure story Moby-Dick is usually considered______.A. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of theuniverse.B. an adventurous exploration into man's relationship with natureC. a simple whaling tale or sea adventureD. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the artistic truth and beauty15.Washington Irving’s ______ became the first work by an American writer t o winfinancial success on both sides of the Atlantic in the first half of the 19th century.A. Sketch BookB. Charles the SecondC. The Scarlet LetterD. Moby Dick16.Despite strong foreign influences, American romantic writings are typicallyAmerican which can be revealed in the following __________.A. a desire for an escape from civilized society and a return to the ennobling natureB. the American national experience of “pioneering into the west”C. American type of characters speaking local dialects appeared in the fictionD. all of the above17.In the well-known story “Rip Van Winkle” Rip falls into sleep for 20 years, duringwhich __________ takes place.A. the Revolutionary WarB. the Civil WarC. the War for IndependenceD. World War I18.According to Emerson, which of the following is said about nature?A. Nature is emblematic of the material world, alive with God’s overwhelmingpresence.B. Nature exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human mind.C. Without nature man can improve himself and become spiritually whole.D. Both A and B.19.Which of the following cannot be said of American literature from the early 1800sto the beginning of the Civil War?A. American type of characters speaking local dialects appeared in the fiction.B. There was a desire for an escape from civilized society and a return to theennobling nature.C. There was a stress on law and reason in literary writings of the time.D. There was faith in the value of individualism and self-reliance.20.All of the following ca n be said of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s works except_________.A. man’s moral natureB. the dark side of the human characterC. the impact of nature on human spiritD. sin and deliverance21.Which of the following statements about American Romantic literature is right?A. Emerson and Edgar Allan Poe are the forerunners of the literary movement ofNew England Transcendentalism in the 19th century.B. The forest Young Goodman Brown goes to during his night journey is literally aplace where the evil beings rustle about.C. For Emerson and his disciples, material economy is good for spiritual.D. Rip Van Winkle feels happy and fortunate to be with his family again after hecomes back from the woods.22.Moby Dick is a mixture of fantasy and ________based upon the South Pacificwhaling industry.A. romanticismB. realismC. naturalismD. surrealism23.Which of the following statements about the Romantic period in the history ofAmerican literature is NOT true?A. In most of the American writings of this period there was a new emphasis uponthe imaginative and emotional qualities of literature.B. The writers of this period placed an increasing emphasis on the free expressionof emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters.C. There was a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man.D. Most heroes and heroines in the writings of this period exhibited extremes ofreason and nationality.24.In the following statements, _________ is NOT true about Washington Irving’sfamous story “Rip Van Winkle” .A. The story is not only well-known for Rip’s 20-year sleep but also considered amodel of perfect English in American literature.B. The story is set against the background of the inevitably changing America.C. The social conservatism and literary preference for the past are revealed, tosome extent, in the story.D. Irving describes Rip’s response and reaction in a dramatic way, so that we seeclearly both the narrator and Irving agree on the preferability of the present to the past.25.As one of Hawthorne’s most profound tales, Young Goodman Brown is written inthe manner of its concern with_________.A. guilt and evilB. good and badC. moral and corruptionD. destruction and hope26.The most important representatives of American transcendentalism, which onceflourished in New England as a philosophical and literary movement, are ________.A. Edgar Poe and James CooperB. Emerson and WhitmanC. Hawthorne and MelvilleD. Emerson and Thoreau27.Ralph W. Emerson’s first little book _________ established him as the mosteloquent spokesman of Transcendentalism.A. EssaysB. NatureC. The American ScholarD. The Over-Soul28.Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT ______.A. common senseB. imaginationC. intuitionD. individualism29.Which of the following statements concerning the basic tenets of AmericanTranscendentalism is NOT correct?A. Individualism is elevated by the Transcendentalists.B. Intuition is less important than experience.C. Nature is only another side of God.D. Transcendentalists have a new and delightful thrill in nature.30.Melville’s novel ______ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voya ge in pursuitof a seemingly supernatural white whale.A. TypeeB. OmooC. White JacketD. Moby Dick31.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel ______.A. Moses from an Old ManseB. Twice-Told TalesC. The Scarlet LetterD. The Blithedale Romance32.As a philosophical and literary movement, ______ flourished in New Englandfrom the 1830s to the Civil War.A. ModernismB. RationalismC. SentimentalismD. Transcendentalism33.Irving was best known for his famous short stories such as ______.A. Rip Van WinkleB. Legend of the AlhambraC. Life of GoldsmithD. Life of Washington34._____ has become so important that most people consider it an unofficialmanifesto for the “Transcendental Club”.A. NatureB. The American ScholarC. WaldenD. Civil Disobedience35._____ is a symbol of microcosm of the world we are living in.A. The PequodB. Moby DickC. The Scarlet LetterD. Nature36._____ held a “black” vision of life and human beings.A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Edgar Allan PoeD. James Fenimore Cooper37.Moby Dick, the big white whale, is possible read as symbolic of all the followingEXCEPT_____.A. malignancyB. beautyC. adulteryD. God38.According to Emerson, man’s capacity is _____.A. ambiguousB. limitedC. infiniteD. subsidiary to God39._____ is regarded as an encyclopedia of everything: philosophy, religion, history,etc.A. NatureB. WaldenC. Moby DickD. The Scarlet Letter40.Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT______.A. a strict poetic formB. a simple and conversational languageC. a free and natural rhythmic patternD. an easy flow of feelings41.According to Emerson, which of the following is said about nature?A. Nature is emblematic of the material world, alive with God’s overwhelmingpresence.B. Nature exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human mind.C. Without nature man can improve himself and become spiritually whole.D. Both A and B.42.Which of the following cannot be said of American literature from the early 1800sto the beginning of the Civil War?A. American type of characters speaking local dialects appeared in the fiction.B. There was a desire for an escape from civilized society and a return to theennobling nature.C. There was a stress on law and reason in literary writings of the time.D. There was faith in the value of individualism and self-reliance.43.Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always been regarded as amasterpiece of the New England Transcendental Movement.A. WaldenB. The PioneersC. NatureD. “Song of Myself”44.“Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind” is a famous quotefrom ______’s writings.A. Walt WhitmanB. Henry David ThoreauC. Herman MelvilleD. Ralph Waldo Emerson45.The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as___________.A. The Naturalist PeriodB. The Modern PeriodC. The Romantic PeriodD. The Realistic Period46._____is the author of the work ’The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’.A. Washington IrvingB. James JoyceC. Walt WhitmanD. William Butler Yeats47.Washington Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle” is famous for_________.A. Rip’s escape into a mysteriousB. The story’s German legendary source materialC. Rip’s seeking for happinessD. Rip’s 20-years sleep48.Which of the following statement is not true about Washington Irving?A. Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American short stories.B. Irving’s relationship with the Old World in terms of his literary imagination canhardly be ignored considering his success both abroad and at home.C. Irving’s taste was essentially progressive or radical.D. Washington Irving has always been regarded as a writer who “perfected the bestclassic style that American literature ever produced”.49.All the following novels are in Coope r’s Leatherstocking Tales except ________.A. The PioneersB. T he PrairieC. The DeerslayerD. The Spy50.In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _______at Harvard, whichwas hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmeasas: Our Intellectual Declaration of Independence".A. “Self-Reliance”B. “Divinity School Address”C. “The American Scholar”D. “Nature”51._____is the most ambivalent (有争议的) writers in the American literary history.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Walt WhitmanC. Ralph Waldo EmersonD. Mark Twain52.________is the writer of “There is evil in every human heart, which may remainlatent, perhaps, through the whole life; but cir cumstances may rouse it to activity”.A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman53.In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as________.A. saviorsB. villainsC. commentatorsD. observers54.All of the following are works by Nathaniel Hawthorne except_______.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. White JacketC. The Marble FaunD. The Blithedale Romance55.“Moby Dick” is regarded as the first American_________.A. Prose epicB. Comic epicC. Dramatic fictionD. Poetic fiction56.The giant Moby Dick may symbolize all EXCEPT________.A. mystery of the universeB. sin of the whaleC. power of the great NatureD. evil of the world57.Which of the following comments on the writings by Herman Melville is not true?A. “Bartleby, the Scrivener” is a short story.B. “Benito Cereno” is a novella.C. The Confidence —man has something to do with the sea and sailors.D. Moby-Dick is regarded as the first American prose epic.58.The Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, theindividual is____, therefore, self-reliant.A. insignificantB. vicious by natureC. divineD. forward-looking59.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _______ andThoreau.A. JeffersonB. EmersonC. FreneauD. Over-soul60.Transcendentalists recognized _______ as the “highest power of the soul”.A. intuitionB. logicC. data of the sensesD. thinking61.Herman Melville’s _______ is not only an adventu re story, but also a significantphilosophical work on spiritual exploration.A. Moby DickB. The EggC. NatureD. The Over-Soul62.In the 19th century America, Romanticism had certain general characteristics.Choose such characteristics from the following items.A. moral enthusiasmB. faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perceptionC. adoration for the natural worldD. all of the above63.In 1817, the stately poem called “Thanatopsis” introduced the best poet _______to appear in America up to that time.A. Edward TaylorB. Philip FreneauC. Willism Cullen BryantD. Edgar Allan Poe64.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s first book _______ is the fundamental document of hisphilosophy, and expresses his constant, deeply felt love for love for the natural scenes.A. WaldenB. NatureC. Daisy MillerD. Leaterstocking Tales65.From the following, choose the characteristics of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s poetry.A. being highly individualB. lack of form and polishC. striking imagesD. all of the above66.Which essay is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?A. “Of Studies”B. “Self-Reliance”C. “The American Scholar”D. “The Divinity School Address”67.Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne _______ in Americanliterature.A. the largest brain with the largest heartB. father of American poetryC. the transcendentalistD. the American scholar68.Which is the character who appears in the novel Moby Dick?A. Hester PrynneB. Mr. HooperC. AhabD. Pearl69.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?A. “The American Scholar”B. “English Traits”C. “The Conduct of Life”D. “Representative Men”70. During 1807-1808, Washington Irving wrote for his brother’s newspaper called________.A. New York TimesB. Washington PostC. SalmagundiD. Daily News71. History of New York was published in 1807 under the name of ________.A. Washington IrvingB. Diedrich KnickerbokerC. James Fenimore CooperD. John Whittier72. “Rip Van Winkle” was written by _______.A. James Fenimore CooperB. Benjamin FranklinC. Washington IrvingD. Walt Whitman73. The Spy was written by James Fenimore Cooper in 1821. It is a novel about________.A. American Civil WarB. American RevolutionC. American West ExpansionD. The First World War74. Natty Bumppo is the hero in Cooper’s ________.A. The PrecautionB. The SpyC. The Gleanings in EuropeD. Leatherstocking Tales75. ________ was regarded as a poet of the American Revolution.A. Philip FreneauB. Walt WhitmanC. Robert FrostD. Cal Sandburg76. The Raven was written in 1844 by ________A. Philip FreneauB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Henry Wadsworth LongfellowD. Emily Dickinson77. The Minister’s Black Veil was written by ________.A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Henry David ThoreauD. Ralph Waldo Emerson78. The ship ______ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat itsway across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A. SunflowerB. ArmadaC. MayflowerD. Titanic79. Washington Irving got his idea for his most famous story, “Rip Van Winkle”, froma ________.A. Greek legendB. German legendC. French legendD. English legend80. “Rip Van Winkle”is found in Irving’s longer work, ________.A. The Sketch BookB. History of New YorkC. Tales of a TravelerD. The Precaution81. ________ was often regarded as America’s first man of letters, devoting much ofhis career to literature.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Philip FreneauC. Washington IrvingD. James Fenimore Cooper82. Transcendentalists recognized__________ as the “highest power of the soul.”A. intuitionB. logicC. data of the sensesD. thinking83. In the early 19th century America, statesmen such as _________ , came to dominate American politics not with their prose but with the emotional force of their oratory.A. Daniel WebsterB. Daniel DefoeC. Philip FreneauD. Thomas Paine84. _________ is an appalling fictional version of Nathaniel Hawthorne' s belief that “the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones” and that evil will come out of evil though it may take many generations to happen.A. The Marble FaunB. The House of Seven GablesC. The Blithedale RomanceD. Young Goodman BrownIV. Terms1. New England Transcendentalism2. American RomanticismV. Make comments on the following topics with about 200 words each.1.The Last of the Mohicans2.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow3.Nature.4.Moby Dick.5.The Scarlet Letter.11。