03a_Chapters 3-1 and 3-2
工程力学第三章 扭 转
m
9.55
P n
(kN
m)
where：P - power, unit: kilowatt (kW) n – rotational speed, unit: r/min or（rpm）
3 m4
x
T1 m2 4.78kN m
n
T2 m2 m3 0 ,
A 1 B 2 C 3D
T2 m2 m3 (4.78 4.78) 9.56kN m
-T3 m4 0 , T2 m4 6.37kN m
20
③Plot the internal torque diagram
24
2. After deformation ：
①The circumference lines do not change； ②The longitudinal lines are changed into slants 。
3.Conclusions：
① Shape, size and distance of the circumference lines on the shaft surface do not change ，while rotating with respect to one another along the axis of the shaft。
1) Internal torque：The moment of internal forces acting in arbitrary section
of the member in torsion. Designated by“T”.
2. 2024新教材七年级上册新英语Section A(3a—3d)
Let’s study.
Let’s walk around our school.
Is he / she _____ ? Yes, he / she ____. He / She ___ . No, he / she _____ . He / She is___ .
animal is…
yourself?
My favourite food is…
Let’s innatmroeduce.
age
city
HowHcaisn/yHoeurintroduce your clasHsme a/ tSehoerisfr…iend? years oldn.ame
He / She is from …
Headmaster: Mr Li
Let’s study.
I, you, he, she, it, we, they __A_r_e__ __y_o_u__ Peter?
am, is, are
_N__o_, _I_’m__n__o_t _.The boy over there is Peter.
I’m David.
Mr. Smith: H__e_’s_f_r_o_m__th_e__U_S_.__________.
MPert.eSr:mith:_H_i_,_P_e_t_er_._N__i_c_e__t_o___m___e_e__t__y_o__u_.___. _.
PMert.eSr:mith:N_i_c_e_t_o_m__e_e_t _y_o_u_t_o_o_, _M__r._S_m__it?h. MPert.eSr:mith:_W__h_a_t/_W__h_ic_h__c_la_s_s_a_r_e_y_o_u__in_,.Peter? PMert.eSr:mith: I_’_m__in__C_l_a_ss__1_. ____________?
Chapter 3 Self-Diffusion and Impurity Diffusion in Group III Metals
(References, see page 145)
(11) (12) Figure Reference
(1)
(2a)
(2b)
(3)XD Q (eV Nhomakorabea and D(Tm) T-range (K) (10À4 m2 sÀ1) (kJ moleÀ1) (10À12 m2 sÀ1) ðT =T m Þ
0
Self-Diffusion and Impurity Diffusion in Group III Metals
Sc b hcp 1,608 1,812 0.453 0.331 0.527 1.59
Y a hcp 1,752 1,803 0.363 0.575 1.58 b fcc
La g bcc 1,134 1,193 0.531
Al fcc 933 0.404
In fct 430 0.458 0.494 1.07 a hcp
123
124
Table 3.2
(4) T-range (K) ðT =T m Þ No. of data points 5 5 sc61 1 example
91
Self-diffusion and impurity diffusion in a-yttrium
(5) Material, purity Experimental method Remarks on the pp Further remarks Also studied (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
Tl b bcc 507 577 0.345 0.387 0.551 1.60
Table 3.1 Impurity diffusion in scandium
英语听力教程2第三版
英语听力教程2第三版English Listening Skills Tutorial (Third Edition) - 1000 words Introduction:The English Listening Skills Tutorial, now in its third edition, is a comprehensive guide designed to help learners improve their listening abilities in the English language. In this tutorial, we will cover various techniques and strategies to enhance listening skills and develop an understanding of spoken English. With a focus on real-life situations and practical exercises, this tutorial aims to provide learners with the necessary tools to become more confident and proficient in English listening.Chapter 1: Basic Listening SkillsIn this chapter, we will explore the fundamentals of listening skills. Topics covered include understanding the importance of listening, differentiating between active and passive listening, and improving concentration and focus while listening. Learners will also be introduced to basic listening exercises to practice their understanding of spoken English.Chapter 2: Listening for Specific InformationThis chapter focuses on developing skills to listen for specific information. Learners will learn how to identify key ideas, details, and main points in a conversation or lecture. Strategies for understanding numbers, dates, and locations will also be covered. Through engaging exercises and practice activities, learners will enhance their ability to extract relevant information from spoken English.Chapter 3: Listening for Global UnderstandingChapter 3 revolves around improving global understanding in listening. Learners will learn how to comprehend the overall meaning of spoken English and grasp the main idea of a conversation or presentation. Techniques for predicting and summarizing information will be discussed, along with exercises to reinforce these skills. Additionally, learners will be exposed to various accents and speech patterns to enhance their listening comprehension.Chapter 4: Listening for Inferences and AttitudesThis chapter delves into listening for inferences and attitudes. Learners will develop the ability to understand implied meanings, draw conclusions, and recognize speaker attitudes and emotions. Strategies for understanding sarcasm, irony, and humor will also be addressed. Through insightful exercises and dialogues, learners will sharpen their skills in interpreting the subtleties of spoken English.Chapter 5: Listening in Different ContextsChapter 5 focuses on listening in different contexts. It explores various listening situations such as lectures, interviews, presentations, and casual conversations. Learners will be exposed to different communication styles and learn to adapt their listening strategies accordingly. This chapter also emphasizes note-taking techniques to enhance understanding and retention of information while listening.Chapter 6: Listening to Authentic MaterialsIn this chapter, learners will be introduced to authentic materials,including recordings of native English speakers in real-life situations. They will learn how to deal with the challenges of natural speech, unfamiliar vocabulary, and accents. Strategies for coping with fast-paced and complex conversations will be provided, along with exercises to reinforce these skills. Conclusion:The English Listening Skills Tutorial aims to equip learners with the necessary knowledge and techniques to improve their listening skills in English. Through an array of chapters covering various aspects of listening, learners will be guided towards becoming more confident and proficient in understanding spoken English. By practicing the strategies provided in this tutorial and engaging in regular listening exercises, learners will be able to communicate more effectively and fluently in English.。
小学五年级上册第四次英语第一单元期中试卷(答案和解释)
小学五年级上册英语第一单元期中试卷(答案和解释)英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题2分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I usually wake up at 7:00 a.m. After waking up, I brush my teeth and wash my face. Then, I have breakfast with my family. After breakfast, I put on my uniform and pack my schoolbag. I leave home at 8:00 a.m. and walk to school.2.Which season comes after summer?A. WinterB. SpringC. AutumnD. Summer again3.Tom is visiting his grandparents. They have a big __________ (1) with lots of fruit trees. Tom picks some __________ (2) and apples from the garden. After a fun afternoon, Tom enjoys a delicious __________ (3) made by his grandma with the fresh fruits.4.David is at the dentist. He needs to get a __________ because he has a small__________ in his tooth. The dentist is very __________ and explains the procedure carefully. After the treatment, David feels a little __________ but is happy that his teeth are healthy again.5.Which one is a kind of tree?A. OakB. SpoonC. PlateD. Chair6.We __________ (have) a sports day at school next Friday. All the students__________ (participate) in different sports events like running, jumping, and throwing. I __________ (practice) for the long jump, and my friend __________ (train) for the relay race. I __________ (hope) our class __________ (win) the most points this year!7.I’m learning how to cook with my grandmother. Today, we are making __. First, we mix flour, sugar, and butter together. Then, we roll out the dough and cut it into __ shapes. After baking, we will decorate them with __.8.She ______ to school every day.A. goB. goesC. goingD. gone9.Which of these is a fruit?A. CarrotB. BananaC. LettuceD. Potato10.Which one is a shape?A. CircleB. SpoonC. CupD. Plate11.Which of these is a shape?A. CircleB. TableC. DogD. Book12.Which one is a transportation tool?A. BookB. TrainC. ChairD. Plant13.Which of these is a body part?A. LegB. SpoonC. ForkD. Plate14.Tomorrow, I am going to visit my grandparents. They live in a small house in the countryside. We are going to have lunch together and then take a walk around the garden.I am looking forward to spending time with them.15.Anna is in her room, organizing her __________. She arranges her __________ neatly on the shelf. Anna is very __________ because she likes to keep everything tidy. After finishing, she feels __________.16.What do we use to eat fruit?A. SpoonB. KnifeC. ForkD. Hands17.Which of these animals is a mammal?A. FishB. DogC. BirdD. Snake18.Ben and his friends are at the park playing soccer. Ben has the __________ (soccer ball) and passes it to his friend, Alex, who kicks it towards the __________ (goal). Ben runs to get the ball and passes it to __________ (Lucy). Lucy is very fast and kicks the ball into the __________ (net). They all celebrate because they scored a __________ (goal).19._______ you like to go swimming? The weather is perfect for a day at the beach. (Does, Do, Did, Are)20.My brother _______ (love) to play video games in the evening. Last night, he_______ (invite) me to play with him. We _______ (play) for two hours. I _______ (lose) the game, but my brother _______ (win). Afterward, we _______ (eat) some snacks and _______ (talk) about school. It _______ (be) a fun night.21.Mark and his friends are at the playground. They are playing __________. Mark is very fast, and he tries to __________ the ball into the hoop. His friend __________ the ball to him, and Mark scores a __________! They all cheer and highfive each other.22.Which of these animals can fly?A. DogB. FishC. BirdD. Cow23.Which of these is an animal?A. AppleB. CatC. CarD. Chair24.My mom ______ (make) dinner every evening. She ______ (usually/cook) rice, vegetables, and chicken. Yesterday, she ______ (make) spaghetti, which I ______ (love). After dinner, we ______ (watch) a movie together. I ______ (always/feel) happy when we ______ (spend) time as a family.25.Which color is the sky on a clear day?A. GreenB. YellowC. BlueD. Red26.Which season comes after spring?A. WinterB. SummerC. FallD. Autumn27.Which of these is a time of day?A. BreakfastB. MorningC. LunchD. Dinner28.I like to read books in my free time. My favorite book is "Harry Potter." It is very interesting, and I read it every day. Yesterday, I ______ (read) two chapters.29.I __________ (1) my homework before dinner every day. After I __________ (2) my homework, I __________ (3) some time to play video games. My parents__________ (4) me to finish my homework first. I __________ (5) to play games after that.30.Which of these is a type of tree?A. OakB. DogC. CarD. Table31.Which of these animals live in the water?A. DogB. ElephantC. FishD. Lion32.Today is my birthday. I am very excited because my friends are coming to myho use for a party. We will play games, eat cake, and open presents. I can’t wait to see everyone!33.Which one is a vegetable?A. TomatoB. LettuceC. PeachD. Pear34.Yesterday, I went to the __ with my parents. We saw many different animals, such as __, __, and __. My favorite was the __ because it was very funny. Afterward, we went to the __ to have some ice cream.35.What do you use to clean your hands?A. TowelB. SoapC. ToothbrushD. Pen36.What do you use to write?A. SpoonB. PenC. PlateD. Cup37.In the summer, I __________ (go) swimming in the lake with my cousins. We__________ (have) a lot of fun. Last summer, we __________ (rent) a small boat and__________ (row) it across the lake. We __________ (see) many beautiful birds and fish. It __________ (be) an unforgettable experience.38.How do you say "谢谢" in English?A. PleaseB. Thank youC. SorryD. Excuse me39.Which of these is a shape?A. SquareB. ChairC. DogD. Plate40.Which of these is used to write?A. PenB. ForkC. SpoonD. Cup41.Anna and her friends are planning a birthday party. They are going to decorate the room with __________ (1) and __________ (2). They will have a __________ (3) with candles, and Anna will wear a __________ (4). Afterward, they will play __________ (5) and eat some cake.42.Which one is a food?A. TableB. AppleC. ChairD. Book43.In the winter, we __________ (1) to go skiing in the mountains. I __________ (2) excited because I __________ (3) ski well. I __________ (4) some new ski clothes last week, and they __________ (5) very warm.44.Which one is a food item?A. PizzaB. KnifeC. PlateD. Spoon45.In the morning, I usually have breakfast with my family. I like to eat cereal with __ and some fresh fruit. My little brother prefers toast with __ on top. After breakfast, we all get ready for school. I grab my backpack, put on my shoes, and say goodbye to my parents. It’s time to go to school!46.My father __________ (be) a doctor. He __________ (work) at a hospital. Every day, he __________ (help) many patients. Last week, he __________ (perform) an important surgery. He __________ (be) very tired after the operation, but he __________ (feel) happy to help people.47.I _______ (love) to play basketball. I usually _______ (practice) with my friends every weekend. This weekend, we _______ (play) a match against another team. I hope we _______ (win) the game!48.What is the opposite of "fast"?A. SlowB. TallC. BigD. Light49.What is the opposite of "old"?A. TallB. SmallC. NewD. Big50.Yesterday, my family and I __________ (go) to the beach. We __________ (swim) in the ocean, and I __________ (build) a sandcastle. My little brother __________ (play) with a ball, and we __________ (have) a picnic in the afternoon.(答案及解释)。
新编剑桥商务英语(bec)学生用书中级第3版
新编剑桥商务英语(bec)学生用书中级第3版全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hi there! Today I'm gonna tell you about the new Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) Student Book for Intermediate level 3rd edition. It's super cool and helpful for learning English for business.In this book, you'll learn lots of useful phrases and vocabulary for different situations in the business world. For example, how to give a presentation, how to negotiate a deal, or how to write a formal email. It's gonna make you feel like a real pro in no time!There are also lots of fun activities and exercises to help you practice your English skills. You can do role plays, group discussions, and even play games to test your knowledge. It's like learning while having fun!The best part is that this book is designed to help you pass the BEC exam with flying colors. It covers all the topics and skills you need to know, so you'll be well-prepared when the timecomes to take the test. Plus, there are practice exams and tips to help you ace it!So if you wanna improve your English for business and get that fancy certificate, the new Cambridge BEC Student Book is the way to go. Trust me, you won't regret it! Happy learning!篇2Title: My Adventures in Learning Business EnglishHi everyone! My name is Amy, and I want to tell you all about my exciting journey learning Business English with the new edition of the Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) Intermediate book.First of all, let me tell you a bit about what Business English is all about. It's a special kind of English that's used in workplaces and business settings. I think it's really cool to learn because it can help you communicate better with people from all around the world!In the BEC book, we learned all kinds of useful things like how to write professional emails, make phone calls, and hold meetings in English. There are also lots of vocabulary words related to business like "company, customer, and profit". It's likelearning a secret language that only people working in business know!One of my favorite parts of the book is the speaking exercises. We get to practice talking about different business topics with our classmates, and it's so much fun trying to sound like a real business person. Sometimes we even have pretend interviews where we have to talk about our work experience and skills – it's like acting in a play!Another cool thing about the book is that it has lots ofreal-life business situations that we can learn from. For example, there was a story about a company that had to deal with a difficult customer, and we had to figure out how to solve the problem. It's like being a detective and using our English skills to crack the case!Overall, learning Business English with the new BEC book has been a fantastic adventure. I feel more confident speaking English, and I know that I'll be ready to take on any business challenge that comes my way. I can't wait to keep learning and growing with my classmates – who knows what exciting opportunities await us in the business world!篇3Hello everyone! Today I want to talk about the new edition of the Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) textbook for intermediate students. It's super cool and I can't wait to tell you all about it!First of all, the new edition of the textbook is packed with more interesting and relevant topics for us to learn. There are lots of fun activities and exercises that help us practice our listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. It's like playing games while learning English!The textbook also has a great new layout with colorful pictures and illustrations that make it more fun to read and study. It's like a comic book, but with English learning inside!What I love most about the new textbook is that it covers all aspects of business English, from writing emails to making presentations. We can learn how to communicate effectively in meetings, negotiate deals, and even talk about global business trends. It's like getting a crash course in business English!I also really like the new vocabulary and grammar sections in the textbook. They are easy to understand and remember, and they help me improve my English skills quickly. I can now impress my teachers and classmates with my knowledge of business English terms and phrases.Overall, I think the new edition of the Cambridge BEC textbook is awesome and I'm excited to continue using it to improve my English skills. I hope you guys will enjoy it as much as I do! Happy studying!篇4Hey guys, have you heard about the new Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) book for intermediate level? It's super cool and full of interesting stuff to help us learn English for business! Let me tell you all about it.First of all, the book is really easy to follow and understand. It's got lots of pictures and examples to help us learn new words and phrases. The topics are all about business, like meetings, negotiations, and presentations. This will really help us when we grow up and have jobs!The best part is that there are lots of fun exercises to do in the book. We can practice speaking, writing, listening, and reading in English. There are even some games and puzzles to help us remember what we learn. It's way better than just studying from a boring old textbook!And guess what? The book also comes with a CD so we can listen to native English speakers talking. This will help us improveour listening skills and understand different accents. Plus, there are practice tests at the end of each unit to see how much we've learned. It's like a little challenge for us!I can't wait to start using this book with my friends. We're going to have so much fun learning English for business together. Who knows, maybe we'll even become super successful entrepreneurs one day! I'm so excited to get started, are you guys ready too? Let's do this!篇5Hi guys! Today I want to talk about the new edition of the Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) textbook for intermediate level students.The new book is super cool because it has lots of fun and interesting activities to help you learn English for business. There are games, puzzles, and even role-plays that make studying English more fun and engaging.One of the best things about this book is that it covers all the important topics you need to know for business English, like meetings, negotiations, presentations, and emails. You'll learn how to communicate effectively in different business situations and improve your vocabulary and grammar at the same time.Another awesome thing about the new BEC textbook is that it comes with a CD-ROM full of audio and video materials to help you practice listening and speaking skills. You can listen to native speakers and imitate their pronunciation, which is super helpful for improving your English.Overall, I really love the new edition of the Cambridge Business English Certificate textbook for intermediate students. It's fun, interactive, and most importantly, it will help you become more confident in using English for business purposes. So, grab a copy of the book and start improving your business English skills today! Good luck!篇6Once upon a time, there was a student named Lily who wanted to learn Business English because she heard it could help her find a good job when she grew up. So she got a book called "Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) Student's Book Intermediate 3rd Edition" from the library and started studying.The book had lots of fun activities and exercises to help her learn. There were listening exercises where Lily had to listen to conversations between people in a business setting and answer questions about what they said. There were also readingpassages about different business topics like marketing, finance, and international trade.Lily's favorite part of the book was the speaking activities. She got to practice speaking English with her friends and classmates, pretending to be in a meeting or negotiating a deal. It was so much fun and it helped her feel more confident in her English speaking skills.As Lily worked her way through the book, she learned lots of new vocabulary and grammar rules that she could use in a business setting. She also practiced writing emails and reports, which she knew would be important skills to have in the future.After a few months of studying with the book, Lily felt more confident in her abilities to speak English in a business setting. She even decided to take the BEC exam to get a certificate to show future employers that she was fluent in Business English.Thanks to the "Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) Student's Book Intermediate 3rd Edition," Lily was well on her way to achieving her dream of finding a great job in the business world.篇7Hi guys, today I want to tell you about the new edition of the Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) textbook for intermediate students. It's super cool and has a lot of fun and useful stuff in it!First of all, the book is really colorful and full of pictures, which makes it easy to understand. The chapters are divided into different topics like meetings, negotiations, and telephoning, so you can learn all the important business English skills step by step.There are also lots of activities and exercises in the book to help you practice what you've learned. You can listen to dialogues, answer questions, and even role-play different business situations with your friends. It's like playing a game while learning English!One of the best things about this book is that it includes real-life business examples and case studies. You can read about successful companies and how they use English in their daily operations. It's really inspiring and makes you feel like you can do anything with your English skills!And don't forget about the online resources that come with the book. You can access extra practice exercises, quizzes, andeven videos to improve your listening skills. Plus, there are interactive games and activities to make learning even more fun!So, if you want to boost your English and get ready for a future career in business, check out the new edition of the Cambridge BEC textbook. It's the perfect way to learn English while having a great time!篇8Hello everyone, I'm so excited to tell you about the new edition of the Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) student book for intermediate level! It's super cool and I can't wait to share all the awesome stuff with you.First of all, let me introduce you to the new features in this edition. There are fun and interactive exercises to help you practice your English skills, like listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Plus, there are lots of real-life business scenarios to help you understand how to use English in the workplace. It's like a real adventure!One of my favorite parts of the new edition is the vocabulary section. It's full of cool words and phrases that you can use in meetings, presentations, and emails. You'll sound like aprofessional in no time! And don't worry, there are lots of practice activities to help you remember everything.Another cool thing about this book is the grammar section. It makes learning grammar fun and easy, with clear explanations and lots of examples. You'll be a grammar guru in no time!And last but not least, there are lots of tips and tricks to help you prepare for the exam. You'll learn how to manage your time, stay calm under pressure, and show off your English skills with confidence. It's like having a superpower!So, if you're ready to level up your English and become a business superstar, check out the new edition of the Cambridge BEC student book for intermediate level. It's awesome, it's fun, and it's perfect for you! Let's do this!篇9Hey guys, have you ever heard of the Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC)? It's like a super cool test that shows your English skills for work. And guess what? I just got the newest edition of the intermediate level book!In this book, you'll learn all kinds of helpful stuff for doing business in English. Like how to write emails, make phone calls,and have meetings with people from all over the world. It's so important to be able to communicate well in English when you're working, right?One of the things I really like about this book is that it has lots of fun activities and games to help you practice your English. There are also tips and tricks for improving your speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills. It's like a fun English adventure!I also learned about different types of businesses and how they work. Did you know there are big companies called multinationals that do business in lots of countries? And there are also small businesses run by just a few people. It's really interesting to learn about all the different ways people do business.So if you want to level up your English and be a pro at doing business in English, you should totally check out the new edition of the Cambridge BEC book. It's awesome and super helpful. Let's rock our English skills together!篇10Hey guys, today let's talk about the Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) Intermediate 3rd Edition book! It's supercool and can help us learn lots of useful English for business. So let's dive in and explore what this book is all about!First of all, the BEC Intermediate 3rd Edition book is designed for students who already have a good grasp of English, but want to improve their skills specifically for business situations. It covers topics like meetings, negotiations, presentations, and writing business emails. By studying this book, we can become more confident and effective communicators in the workplace.One of the best things about this book is that it includes lots of practical exercises and examples that are relevant to real-life business scenarios. This helps us see how the English we learn in the book can be applied in the workplace. Plus, there are lots of quizzes and activities to test our understanding and help us remember what we've learned.Another cool feature of the BEC Intermediate 3rd Edition book is that it provides opportunities for us to practice our speaking skills through role-plays and group discussions. This can be a fun way to improve our fluency and confidence when speaking English in a business setting.In conclusion, the Cambridge Business English Certificate (BEC) Intermediate 3rd Edition book is a great resource forstudents who want to take their English language skills to the next level in a business context. With its practical exercises, relevant examples, and opportunities for speaking practice, it can help us become more proficient and successful communicators in the workplace. Let's study hard and make the most of this awesome book!。
the-secret-garden-Chapter-3(共22张)
第7页，共22页。
Chapter 3
• Page 13 Para 7 line 3 but she was not inclined to go to sleep again.
tend to do; want to do;
feel like doing
第8页，共22页。
Chapter 3
concerned only with yourself and the things that affect you.
第15页，共22页。
Chapter 2
• Page 4, Para 2 line 3
The English clergyman was poor and he had five children nearly all the
• Who came to London to pick Mary up? What did Mary think of her?
第14页，共22页。
Chapter 2
• Page 4 line 4 …and as she was a self-absorbed child she gave her entire thought to herself, as she had always done.
• What happened to Mary as a result of the Cholera outbreak? Did she feel sad about it?
• Where was Mary sent first? How did she like the place? Where was she sent a few days later? Misselthwaite Manor, Yorkshire, England
小妇人各章节内容英语概括
小妇人各章节内容英语概括Chapter 1- Amy, the youngest March sister, is preparing for a party while her mother and sisters are out. She is disappointed that her nose is red and begins to worry about her appearance.Chapter 2- The March sisters, Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy, struggle with poverty while their father is away serving as a chaplain in the Civil War. They receive a surprise visit from their wealthy Aunt March.Chapter 3- Jo, the tomboyish second eldest sister, learns that her short story has been rejected by a publisher. She decides to pursue her passion for writing and declares that she will not conform to society's expectations.Chapter 4- The March sisters befriend their wealthy neighbor, Theodore "Laurie" Laurence, who becomes an honorarymember of their family. Meg attends a party with Laurie and meets John Brooke, Laurie's tutor.Chapter 5- Meg is invited to attend a dance at the Moffats' home, where she meets the charming Mr. Brooke once again. However, she becomes embarrassed by her simple dress and feels out of place among the wealthier guests.Chapter 6- Jo becomes friends with Laurie and listens to his troubles. She offers to take him to a play, despite his protests, and they enjoy a lively evening together.Chapter 7- The March sisters put on a play and invite Laurie to watch. Jo portrays a male character and is praised for her performance. After the play, the girls receive a surprise visit from Marmee, their mother.Chapter 8- Marmee encourages the girls to help those less fortunate by donating their Christmas breakfast to a poor family. The sisters agree to make sacrifices and find joy in giving to others.Chapter 9- Amy becomes envious of her older sisters and seeks to improve her social standing. She attempts to actlike a lady but ends up humiliated at a party when her hand is accidentally burned.Chapter 10- Jo takes a job as a governess to help support her family, but she struggles to fit in with the wealthy family she works for. She maintains her independent spirit but faces challenges in her new role.。
企业组织结构
二 管理幅度
管理幅度和组织层次的限制 法国管理咨询专家V A Graicunas在 1933年的研究报告 Relationship in Organization中推出了一个有趣的公式： 41
式中N n表n 示(2直n接1管n辖1 的)人数;N为人员之
间的结构关系数
二 管理幅度
影响管理幅度的因素 1 领导的能力 2 下级的素质 3 授权的明确 4 计划的周全 5 政策的稳定 6 信息的畅通 7 复杂的程度 8 组织的内聚力
组织规模 经营战略 技术 成员个性 目标一致性 系统状态 决策层次 环境稳定性
二 有效组织管理的基本原则
目标一致 集权与分权 命令统一 职权相称 绝对责任 专业化 机构精简 管理幅度合理 具有弹性 经济性
§44 组织结构的发展
任何一种组织要想在社会中生存和发展; 都必须随着社会环境的变化而变化
2 Graicunas; V A ; Relationship in Organizations; in Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick Eds ; Papers on the Science of Administration; pp 183187 New York Institute of Public Administration; Columbia University; 1937
§43 组织结构设计的权变思想
权变组织理论的核心在于把组织看作是 一个有机的系统 整个系统的能力有赖于 每一个子系统的能力;并且;大系统的职能 或能力的任何变化都会要求子系统做出 相应的变化 一个组织的结构和职能必须 以组织所处的外部或内部的许多环境因 素为基础;并依基础的不同而不同
一 权变组织理论考虑的影响因素
江西省抚州市金溪县第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期11月联考英语试卷(含答案)
江西省2025届高三11月阶段检测考高三英语试卷试卷共8页，67小题，满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1．考查范围：高中全部内容。
2．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡指定位置上。
3．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
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考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirtA．19.15. B．9.18. C．9.15.答案是C。
1．What kind of beefsteak would the man likeA．Medium rare one. B．Medium one. C．Well done one. 2．What is the man doing nowA．Making a call. B．Making a bid. C．Applying a bid. 3．What’s the woman’s last nameA．Nangong qing. B．Qing. C．Nangong.4．What does the man want to doA．Make a reservation. B．Buy a restaurant. C．Change a room. 5．What will the man probably wearA．Blue pants. B．White coat. C．Shorts.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
鲁滨逊漂流记一至三章读后感英文版
鲁滨逊漂流记一至三章读后感英文版全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Robinson Crusoe Book Report (Chapters 1-3)I just finished reading the first three chapters of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe and I have to say, it's a pretty wild story so far! Robinson is a young man who goes against his parents' wishes and becomes a sailor. His life takes a crazy turn when he gets shipwrecked and ends up as the only survivor on a deserted island.In the first chapter, we learn about how Robinson was born into a good family, but was obsessed with the idea of going to sea from a young age. His father really didn't want him to become a sailor because he thought it was too dangerous. He tried giving Robinson all kinds of advice about staying home and getting a job on land, but Robinson wouldn't listen. He was determined to sail the seas no matter what.When Robinson was 18, he finally got the chance to go on a ship heading for London. His family was really upset, especially his mother who cried a lot, but Robinson didn't care. He was justexcited to finally be setting sail! However, the voyage didn't go as planned. They got caught in a terrible storm and were actually attacked by a pirate ship from Sallee! The crew fought back, but it was no use against the pirates' canons. Robinson and a few others were captured and taken to Morocco to be sold as slaves. So much for his dream adventure!In the second chapter, Robinson tells us all about his harrowing two years as a slave. He had to do backbreaking labor on farms, barely got any food, and was treated terribly by his master. Finally, Robinson got a chance to escape with a boy named Xury who was also a slave. They made a crazy escape, rowing a small boat across the sea until they were picked up by a Portuguese ship captain. The captain was a nice guy who paid for Robinson and Xury's freedom.Robinson decided to join the captain's crew and sailed with him for several years. During this time, he learned a lot about navigation and being a merchant sailor. After a while, the captain offered for Robinson to be part of a money-making trading voyage to the coast of Guinea in Africa. Robinson jumped at the chance, dreaming of finally striking it rich.That brings us to the third chapter, where the trading voyage gets underway. It started out fine, but then they ran into a bunchof scary issues. First, some of the sailors got sick. Then, they got caught in another crazy storm that nearly sank their ship. Robinson thought for sure he was going to die in the raging winds and towering waves. But the storm passed, leaving their ship a wreck.They decided to head for the Caribbean to make repairs, but more disaster struck. The ship sprung a leak and began taking on water. No matter how hard they bailed, the ship kept sinking lower and lower into the sea. With no other choice, the captain gave the order to head for the nearest land in the ship's boats to prevent them all from drowning. Little did Robinson know, this decision would lead to him becoming the only survivor stranded on a remote island in the middle of nowhere!So that's where the story leaves off for now at the end of chapter 3. I'm really hooked and can't wait to find out what happens next to poor Robinson. Will he be able to survive alone on the island? How will he find food, water, and shelter? Will any ships come to rescue him or is he doomed to be a real-life castaway? I'll have to keep reading to discover Robinson's ultimate fate.This book has been such an exciting page-turner so far. The nonstop action and Robinson's perseverance in the face of onelife-threatening crisis after another is really gripping. My favorite part was his daring escape from slavery - that was like a real-life adventure movie! I felt so bad for him having his dreams of sailing turn into a nightmare when he was first captured by those pirates. But Robinson never gave up and kept pursuing his ambitions no matter what obstacles stood in his way.I think the reason this story is so engaging is because it makes you wonder what you would do if you were in Robinson's shoes. Could I muster up enough courage, skills, and determination to survive being shipwrecked all alone? It's a chilling scenario to think about. The book really makes you appreciate modern life and not take basic things like food, shelter, and company for granted.Overall, I'm giving Robinson Crusoe 5 out of 5 stars based on these first three chapters. Between the high seas adventures, clashes with pirates, enslavement, and now being marooned - it's nonstop thrills! The writing has also been really vivid, so it's easy to picture everything happening in my mind. I can't wait to read the rest and see how Robinson fares while stranded. I have a feeling more exciting adventures and challenges await him on that mysterious island! I'd absolutely recommend this classicnovel to anyone who loves action, adventure, and tales of perseverance against the odds.篇2Robinson Crusoe: Chapters 1-3Robinson Crusoe is a really exciting adventure book by Daniel Defoe. The first three chapters are all about how Robinson gets shipwrecked and lands up on a deserted island. It's a crazy story!In Chapter 1, we learn that Robinson's father didn't want him to go sailing and have adventures on the high seas. His father gave him a serious talk about how it was better to stay home and live a simple, middle-class life in England. But Robinson didn't listen - he had his heart set on being a sailor and seeing the world.So against his parents' wishes, Robinson took off on a ship when he was 18 years old. On his first voyage, the ship got caught in a huge storm and he thought he was going to die! Luckily, the ship made it safely back to port in England. But that didn't stop Robinson's thirst for adventure. As soon as he could, he signed up for another long sea voyage on a different ship.In Chapter 2, we find out that the second ship Robinson sailed on also encountered storms and was chased by pirates! After barely escaping with his life, Robinson decided to stay on land for a while in Brazil, where he became a wealthy plantation owner. I thought that was pretty cool how he made a fortune growing crops and stuff in the jungle.But after a few years, Robinson got that old itch for sailing again. I guess he was just born to be an explorer! So in Chapter 3, he joined a crew heading across the Atlantic Ocean to purchase enslaved Africans (which I know now is extremely wrong and cruel). Their ship got caught in another crazy storm though. This time, the ship was totally destroyed.The chapters ends with Robinson being thrown into the churning sea by a gigantic wave. He managed to grab a piece of the ship's wreckage to float on, but had no idea where he was or if he'd ever see land again. I was on the edge of my seat reading this! I can't wait to find out what happens to poor Robinson stranded out in the middle of the ocean. Will he drown or make it to safety? I have to keep reading to see.Even though Robinson doesn't always make the best choices by disobeying his parents and getting involved in the slave trade, I can understand why he yearned for adventure. Staying coopedup in one place would be super boring for me too. I love reading about his thrilling experiences and all the dangers he faces out on the high seas. The story has definitely inspired my own dreams of going on an epic voyage someday!I think these first few chapters also teach some good lessons about being grateful for what you have. Every time Robinson thinks he's finally settled down to a comfortable life, he risks it all to seek out more fortune and glory. And his reckless decisions keep landing him in life-or-death situations at sea. It makes me appreciate things like my warm house, safety, family, and not having to fight off pirates!The writing by Daniel Defoe is so descriptive too. I could vividly picture all the fierce storms, splintered ships, roaring waves, and terrified sailors. My heart was pounding during the most intense action scenes! Defoe does a great job of making you feel like you're right there experiencing the incredible adventures of Robinson Crusoe.Overall, I'm totally hooked on this classic book so far. While Robinson doesn't always make the smartest choices, it's hard not to get caught up in the excitement and danger of his travels. I give the first three chapters a 5 out of 5 stars and can't wait to see what other crazy adventures and challenges Robinson willface now that he's stranded alone on a deserted island. This story of survival is sure to be epic!篇3Robinson Crusoe Book Report (Chapters 1-3)I just finished reading the first three chapters of the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, and I have to say, it's a pretty wild adventure so far! The story follows a guy named Robinson Crusoe who decides to become a sailor against his parents' wishes. That was kind of a bummer move if you ask me, but I guess he really wanted to see the world.In the first chapter, we learn that Robinson's dad actually wanted him to be a lawyer or something boring like that. But Robinson had a serious case of wanderlust and couldn't stop dreaming about sailing on ships to far away places. One day he just up and left home to become a sailor, which I imagine did not make his parents too happy. Still, he didn't seem to care much about their objections.The second chapter describes Robinson's first sea voyage to London. It was really dangerous and scary! There was a huge storm that almost sank their ship. Robinson says he was so terrified that he regretted disobeying his parents and wished hehad just stayed home like they wanted. But then the storm passed and he pretty much forgot all about being scared once they reached London safely.Once in London, Robinson signed up for another voyage to coast of Guinea in Africa. This time there was another terrible storm that lasted for weeks! The ship was battered by high winds and huge waves. Some of the crew even abandoned ship because they thought they were all going to die. But miraculously, the storm ended and Robinson's ship managed to limp along to the coast of Guinea. Man, this Robinson guy just could not catch a break with these crazy storms!In the third chapter, we find out that after reaching Guinea, Robinson joined another ship's crew that was sailing across the Atlantic to the Caribbean. I was like "Dude, Robinson, learn your lesson already! Stop tempting fate by going on these long voyages!" But nope, he just kept on sailing into danger.Sure enough, after leaving the coast of Africa, Robinson's ship was attacked by Turkish pirates! There was an intense battle with cannons firing and pirates trying to board the ship. It was totally insane. Robinson got captured by the pirates and spent two years as their prisoner until he escaped on a boat with a boy named Xury. They had hardly any supplies but managed to sailall the way across the Atlantic to an island off the coast of South America.And that's where the third chapter ends - with Robinson marooned on this remote island. He has no idea what he's going to do or how he's going survive. The chapters were packed with storms, pirates, danger, and adventure at every turn. I can't even imagine what will happen to Robinson once he's alone on that island. Will he be rescued? Will he somehow find a way to get off the island? I'm super excited to read more and find out! This book has been a non-stop thrill ride so far. I'll be sure to write another book report once I read further into Robinson Crusoe's harrowing tale.篇4My Thoughts on the First Three Chapters of Robinson CrusoeI just finished reading the first three chapters of the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, and I have to say, I'm really liking it so far! The story is about a guy named Robinson Crusoe who decides to become a sailor and go on adventures at sea, even though his parents don't want him to.In the first chapter, we learn that Crusoe comes from a good family in the city of York in England. His father was a merchant and wanted Crusoe to also become a merchant like him. But Crusoe had the strong desire to go sail the seas and have adventures instead. No matter how much his parents begged him not to go, Crusoe couldn't get the idea out of his head. He finally got the chance when a friend invited him to go on a sea voyage with him. Crusoe didn't even tell his parents, he just took off!I can understand why Crusoe's parents were so upset. The sea was very dangerous back then, with storms, pirates, and all sorts of other perils. A lot of ships didn't make it back in one piece, if at all. Crusoe's parents just wanted him to be safe and have a stable profession like being a merchant. But I get why the call of adventure and seeing the world was too strong for Crusoe to resist. If I was stuck in one place my whole life, I'd probably want to break free and explore too!In the second chapter, the ship Crusoe was on got caught in a huge, terrifying storm. The storm raged for days and days, ripping the sails and threatening to sink the ship at any moment.I can't even imagine how scary that must have been! The sailors were fighting for their lives, trying desperately to steer the shipto safety. Poor Crusoe was seasick the whole time, miserable and fearing he was going to die. I don't blame him for wanting to turn back and go home.But the stubborn Crusoe soon forgot about those fears once the storm passed. As the third chapter begins, he's convinced himself that the worst is over. His friend had warned him about potential dangers, but Crusoe brushed it off. He thought worrying too much about what could go wrong would just ruin the fun and adventure. I'm not sure I agree with that way of thinking though. It's good to have an adventure, but you also need to be safe and smart about it.That's about where I'm at so far in the story. Crusoe's boat is headed to the coast of Africa, carrying goods to trade. From the first few chapters, I can see that Crusoe is determined and a bit headstrong. He doesn't seem to think too much about consequences, he just follows his heart's desire for adventure and exploring. Part of me admires that free spirit, but the other part thinks he should listen to wisdom and advice more.I have a feeling there are going to be many more crazy adventures and close calls for Crusoe based on how it's going so far. The storm chapter in particular was really intense! I'll admit I had to take a break from reading because I was getting nervousjust imagining being trapped on that ship in the middle of that massive, powerful storm. How much more is poor Crusoe going to have to go through?I'm excited to read more and find out what happens next. Is Crusoe's voyage going to go smoothly after this, or will he face even more life-or-death situations? Will he eventually realize his parents had a point and head back home to York? Or will his craving for adventure keep carrying him into deeper trouble? I guess I'll have to keep reading to find out!Those are my thoughts so far on the beginning of Robinson Crusoe. Even though it was written a long time ago, I'm relating to Crusoe's feelings of wanting to get out and explore the world instead of just staying at home like his parents wanted. Getting swept up in big storms and facing danger seems terrifying of course. But I'll give Crusoe credit, he seems brave and is pursuing what he feels is his passion, even if it's risky. I'm looking forward to tagging along on more of his adventures!篇5My Thoughts on "Robinson Crusoe: Chapters 1-3""Robinson Crusoe" is an exciting adventure story that I recently read. It is about a man named Robinson Crusoe whogets stranded on a deserted island after a shipwreck. The book is divided into chapters, and I would like to share my thoughts on the first three chapters.In the first chapter, Robinson Crusoe tells us about his childhood and how he wanted to go to sea even though his parents wanted him to be a lawyer. I found it interesting that he didn't listen to his parents and followed his own dreams. It made me think about how important it is to pursue our passions and not just do what others expect from us.The second chapter is where the adventure really begins! Robinson Crusoe boards a ship, but unfortunately, it gets caught in a terrible storm. The ship breaks apart, and he is the only survivor. I felt scared for him when I read about the storm and how he had to swim to the shore. It must have been really tough for him to be all alone on the island without anyone to help him.Once Robinson Crusoe reaches the island, the third chapter shows how resourceful he is. He starts exploring the island and finds a cave for shelter. He also figures out how to make tools and find food. I was amazed at how clever he was in using the things he found on the island to survive. It made me realize that we should never give up and always try to find solutions to our problems.Reading these chapters made me think about how important it is to be independent and resilient. Robinson Crusoe didn't give up when he was stranded on the island. Instead, he used his skills and creativity to make the best of the situation. It made me wonder if I could do the same if I were in his shoes.I also learned that sometimes we have to make difficult decisions. Robinson Crusoe had to choose between staying on the island or trying to escape. He decided to stay because he thought it would be safer. It made me think about how we have to think carefully before making choices and consider the consequences.Overall, I really enjoyed reading the first three chapters of "Robinson Crusoe." It is an exciting story that teaches us about courage, independence, and perseverance. I can't wait to read the rest of the book and find out what happens next to Robinson Crusoe.篇6My Thoughts on the First Few Chapters of Robinson CrusoeHi there! I just finished reading the first three chapters of the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe and I have a lot of thoughts I want to share about it. This book is pretty old - it waswritten way back in 1719! But even though it's an old book, I found the story really exciting and interesting so far.The book starts off by introducing us to the main character, whose name is Robinson Crusoe. Robinson comes from a good family in the city of York in England. His father was a merchant and wanted Robinson to also get into the merchant business since it was a very respected profession back then. But Robinson didn't want to be a merchant at all! He had this big desire to go out and explore the world by sailing on ships across the sea. His father warned him about the dangers of being a sailor and tried very hard to convince him not to do it. He even gave this really long speech about all the reasons why Robinson should just stay home and get a safe job. But Robinson was determined and eventually he just left home without telling anyone to become a sailor.I can kind of understand why Robinson felt that way. When I was little, I always dreamed about going on adventures and exploring too! My parents didn't want me wandering too far from home by myself though because they were worried I could get hurt or lost. Now that I'm a bit older, I realize my parents were just trying to keep me safe. Still, I think that feeling of really wanting to voyage out and discover the world is something a lotof kids can relate to. Maybe that's part of the reason this book has been so popular for such a long time!After running away from home, Robinson had all sorts of crazy adventures at sea. The way the author describes everything makes it feel so real and vivid. During a huge storm, the ship Robinson was on ended up sinking! He was stranded all alone on a deserted island in the middle of nowhere. I can't even imagine how scary that must have been for him. The chapters talk about how he had to figure out how to survive completely by himself with no one else around to help him. He used wood from the wrecked ship to build himself a little house and tools. He grew crops for food, made clothes out of animal skins, and learned how to cook meals over a fire.If I was stuck alone on an island like that, I'm not sure I would be able to make it! Sure, sometimes I've thought it might be fun to live out in nature away from everything for a little while. But actually having to do it for real with no modern conveniences whatsoever? And not knowing if I'd ever be rescued? That would be absolutely terrifying! I give Robinson a lot of credit for figuring out how to make a life for himself in such an extreme situation.One of the most interesting parts so far was when Robinson was exploring the island and came across a strange footprint in the sand that was too big to be his own. Just the thought of there possibly being another person or people on the island with him, who could be friendly or hostile, added a lot of suspense and mystery. Are they natives of the island? Pirates? Castaways like him? I can't wait to read further and find out! That footprint discovery has me hooked and eager to learn what happens next.Overall, even though this book was written a long time ago, I'm really enjoying reading it so far. The story of a regular guy like Robinson Crusoe getting shipwrecked and being forced to survive alone on a deserted island is not something that could ever really happen to me in modern times. But that's what makes it such an exciting adventure to experience through the book. I feel like I'm learning so much about what life was like for sailors back then and all the crazy adventures they could end up having if things went wrong at sea. Daniel Defoe does such a great job with his detailed writing that I can picture everything so clearly in my mind as I'm reading it.I'm definitely planning to keep on reading to find out what other challenges and struggles Robinson has to face while stranded all by himself. He's been really brave and resourceful upuntil this point but who knows what other craziness could happen? I can't wait to see what other adventures are in store as I continue on with Robinson Crusoe! Stay tuned for more of my thoughts once I finish the next few chapters.。
小学三年级下册P卷英语第2单元期测验题(答案和解释)
小学三年级下册英语第2单元期测验题(答案和解释)英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题2分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.Jack is at the park with his sister. They are playing on the __________. Jack climbs to the top and feels __________ because it is very high. His sister is swinging on the__________ and laughing. After playing for a while, they go to the __________ to have some ice cream.2.Which sentence uses the verb "to be" correctly?A. She am a student.B. She is a student.C. She are a student.D. She be a student.3.How many legs does a cat have?A. 2B. 4C. 6D. 34.Tom and his friends __________ (play) soccer every Saturday afternoon. Last Saturday, they __________ (decide) to play a big match. Tom __________ (bring) a new soccer ball, and his friend Mike __________ (wear) a red shirt. They __________ (start) the game at 2 PM. At first, they __________ (have) a lot of fun, but after 30 minutes, Tom __________ (feel) tired and __________ (sit) on the grass. Mike __________ (score) the first goal, and they __________ (celebrate) together.5.In the winter, the weather is very cold. I wear a warm jacket, scarf, and gloves to stay warm. Sometimes, it snows, and I like to play in the snow. I build snowmen and have snowball fights with my friends. Winter is fun, but I also enjoy the sunshine in the spring.6.My family __________ (go) to the park every weekend. We __________ (like) to play games, have picnics, and __________ (enjoy) the fresh air. Last Saturday, we__________ (decide) to take a different route to the park. We __________ (walk) through the forest, and I __________ (see) many birds flying in the sky. It __________ (be) a beautiful day, and we __________ (have) a great time together.7.Yesterday, I ______ (go) to the library to borrow some books. I ______ (find) a great novel about history. After reading for an hour, I ______ (return) the books and ______ (leave) the library.8.Tom and his friends are going to the amusement park today. They are excited to ride the __________, the __________, and the __________. After they finish their rides, they will buy some __________ to eat. Tom loves cotton candy, and his friend Lucy prefers __________. They plan to take a picture together on the __________ to remember the fun day.9.Which of these is a place to live?A. SchoolB. HouseC. RestaurantD. Library10.Which of these animals barks?A. CatB. DogC. FishD. Bird11.Which of these is a shape?A. CircleB. AppleC. ChairD. Dog12.What do you drink in the morning?A. CoffeeB. JuiceC. WaterD. All of the above13.Lily is a very kind girl. One day, while walking home from school, she sees an elderly woman carrying a heavy __________. The woman looks tired and seems to be struggling. Lily immediately offers to help her. She picks up the __________ and helps the woman carry it to her __________. The woman thanks Lily and tells her that she is very __________ to have someone so kind. Lily smiles and continues her walk home, feeling proud of her __________.14.I __________ (not/like) to eat carrots, but my mom __________ (say) they__________ (be) good for my health. I __________ (eat) them anyway, and surprisingly, they __________ (taste) better than I __________ (expect).15.Which one is a kind of weather?A. SnowyB. DogC. CarD. Chair16.Sophie is helping her mother in the kitchen. They are making __________ (1). Sophie helps to mix the __________ (2) and put it in the __________ (3) to bake. After the cake is ready, they decorate it with __________ (4) and eat it together.17.Which of these animals can fly?A. ElephantB. FishC. BirdD. Dog18.Which of these is a body part?A. HandB. TableC. TreeD. Chair19.What is the opposite of "new"?A. SmallB. OldC. LightD. Fast20.What is the opposite of "hot"?A. ColdB. FastC. TallD. Happy21.What color is the grass?A. RedB. GreenC. YellowD. Blue22.Which one is used to drink?A. SpoonB. KnifeC. CupD. Plate23.Sarah is helping her mom in the kitchen. Today, they are making __________ (1). First, Sarah mixes the __________ (2) and __________ (3) together in a bowl. Then, she adds some __________ (4) to make the mixture sweet. After baking for a while, they have fresh __________ (5) ready to eat.24.Which of the following is a tool you use to measure length?A. RulerB. SpoonC. KnifeD. Hammer25.What is the color of an orange?A. GreenB. YellowC. BlueD. Orange26.Every morning, I ______ (wake) up at 7 o’clock. After I ______ (wash) my face and ______ (brush) my teeth, I ______ (eat) breakfast. Today, I ______ (eat) pancakes with syrup and ______ (drink) a glass of milk. I usually ______ (go) to school at 8:00a.m. My school ______ (be) not far from my house, so I ______ (walk) there.27.Which of these is used to sweep the floor?A. BroomB. PlateC. KnifeD. Fork28.What is the opposite of "fast"?A. SlowB. HardC. TallD. Light29.Sarah is going to a new art class this afternoon. She is very excited because she loves painting. Sarah needs to bring some art supplies, so she grabs a __________ to carry everything. In the bag, she puts her __________, some __________, and a__________ to clean her brushes. She also brings a __________ to protect her clothes from paint. When she arrives, she can’t wait to start painting.30.Which of these is a type of bird?A. TigerB. ElephantC. SparrowD. Dog31.Anna is going to the zoo with her class. She is excited to see the __________ (1) and __________ (2). She is especially looking forward to seeing the __________ (3) because it is very tall. After visiting the animals, Anna will take some __________ (4) with her friends.32.Which of these is a means of transport?A. BoatB. PenC. ChairD. Book33.Where is the cat?A. It is on the chair.B. It is under the chair.C. It is in the bag.D. All of the above.34.Which of these is a shape?A. CircleB. CarC. DogD. Fork35.What is the plural form of “child”?A. childsB. childrenC. childs’D. childrens36.What do we use to eat spaghetti?A. PlateB. ForkC. KnifeD. Spoon37.Which of these is a type of fruit?A. CarrotB. PearC. PotatoD. Lettuce38.I ______ (study) for my English test every night. Yesterday, I ______ (study) for two hours, and then I ______ (take) a break. After my break, I ______ (continue) studying until I ______ (finish) all the chapters. I ______ (feel) confident about the test.39.Which one is used to eat a salad?A. ForkB. SpoonC. KnifeD. Plate40.This is my _____.A. brotherB. brothersC. brothersD. brothers41.I’m learning how to cook. Last week, I made my first cake. It was chocolateflavored, and it tasted delicious. My mother helped me, but I did most of the work myself. I plan to learn how to make pizza next time. I think cooking is fun and useful.42.How do you say "狗" in English?A. catB. birdC. dogD. fish43.Which of these is a number?A. SixB. TableC. DogD. Chair44.We are going to have a __________ at school tomorrow. Everyone will bring their favorite __________ to share. I will bring some __________ and a big __________ to share with my friends. After the picnic, we will play __________ outside in the playground.45.Lily loves to read books. She is at the library today. She picks a book about__________ (1) and begins to read. The book has many __________ (2) and __________ (3) that she enjoys. After reading, she returns the book to the __________ (4).46.I have a __________. It is __________ and loves to __________. I take it for a walk every __________ in the __________. It enjoys running and chasing __________. When we get back home, I give it __________ and let it rest. I also make sure it has enough __________ to drink. My pet is very __________ and always makes me smile.47.Which one is a color?A. GreenB. DogC. ChairD. Table48.I __________ (not like) eating vegetables when I __________ (be) younger, but now I __________ (eat) them every day. My mother __________ (tell) me that they__________ (be) healthy, and I __________ (understand) that now. I __________ (feel) much better since I __________ (eat) more vegetables.49.Which of these is a season of the year?A. SummerB. MondayC. GreenD. Foot50.I live in a __. It is not very __, but it is comfortable. My room has a __, a __, and a __. I love to sit on my bed and read my favorite __. Sometimes, I listen to music and feel very __ in my room.(答案及解释)。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第3册各单元词汇例析带翻译
1.Most cities in the country have introduced “Clean Air Zones”whereby factories andhouseholds are only allowed to burn smokeless fuel.在全国大部分城市都有“洁净空气区”因此工厂和家庭只能燃烧无烟燃料。
2.He knows that the pursuit of social status can consume vast amounts of his time and effort.他知道，追求社会地位可以消耗大量的时间和精力。
3.The doctors are at a loss because so far no medicine has been found to inhibit the spread of the disease.医生们正在进行损失，因为到目前为止，没有任何药物能抑制疾病的传播。
4.We see many special education directors trying to maintain the quality of their programs with much less money and much smaller staff.我们看到许多特殊教育董事试图保持他们的节目的质量以少得多的钱和更少的工作人员。
5.People there are told it is their patriotic duty to support the national economy by buying their own products.人们有人告诉他们，通过购买自己的产品来支持国民经济是他们的爱国义务。
6.Darwin’s thinking both drew upon and transcended the conventional ideas of his time.达尔文的思想是借鉴和超越他的时代的传统观念。
大学英语综合教程第三册第一
02 Textbook analysis
Textbook structure
Organization
The textbook is divided into four main parts, each containing several chapters. The first part covers language skills, the second part focuses on reading comprehension, the third part deals with writing skills, and the fourth part is dedicated to enhancing listening and speaking abilities.
Course outline
• Unit 1: Language and Culture：Focuses on the relationship between language and culture, exploring how language reflects and shapes culture. Topics include language variation, cultural norms, and language change over time.
03 learning method
词汇学习
总结词
积累基础，提高词汇量
详细描述
通过记忆、理解、运用词汇，逐步积累英语基础词汇，提高词汇量，为阅读、 写作和口语表达打下坚实基础。
语法学习
总结词
掌握规则，理解句子结构
详细描述
系统学习英语语法知识，掌握各种时态、语态、语气等，理解句子结构，提高阅 读理解和写作表达能力。
小学五年级下册第十四次英语第2单元期测验题(答案和解释)
小学五年级下册英语第2单元期测验题(答案和解释)英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题2分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.Which is the correct way to say "谢谢" in English?A. PleaseB. SorryC. Thank youD. Excuse me2.Which one is the correct spelling?A. becausB. becauseC. becuseD. becous3.I _______ (be) so tired yesterday that I _______ (fall) asleep during the movie. I_______ (not/finish) watching it.4.What is the opposite of "new"?A. SmallB. OldC. LightD. Fast5.I’m learning how to cook. Last week, I made my first cake. It was chocolateflavored, and it tasted delicious. My mother helped me, but I did most of the work myself. I plan to learn how to make pizza next time. I think cooking is fun and useful.6.What is the opposite of "happy"?A. SadB. TallC. BigD. Slow7.Which one is a tool?A. WrenchB. DogC. PlateD. Chair8.I ______ (not like) to wake up early, but I ______ (have) to wake up at 6:30 AM for school. I ______ (get) dressed and ______ (eat) breakfast quickly. Then, I ______ (take) the bus to school. After school, I ______ (go) home, do my homework, and ______ (play) outside.9.Which of these is a body part?A. PlateB. TableC. HandD. Spoon10.I ______ (go) to a party with my friends last Saturday. We ______ (dance) and______ (sing) to music. Later, we ______ (eat) some delicious cake, and everyone______ (have) a good time. I ______ (meet) some new people, and we ______ (exchange) phone numbers.11.What do we use to write?A. PenB. KnifeC. PlateD. Spoon12.Which of these animals is a mammal?A. SharkB. BirdC. WhaleD. Fish13.Which of these is a place where you live?A. HouseB. CarC. BusD. Store14.What do you need to do when someone says "Goodbye"?A. WaveB. Say helloC. EatD. Sleep15.Which of these is a color?A. SunB. BlueC. MoonD. Cloud16.Which animal is known for its long neck?A. ElephantB. GiraffeC. CatD. Dog17.Which of these is a body part?A. NoseB. PlateC. ForkD. Spoon18.Which of these is a pet animal?A. FishB. ElephantC. TigerD. Whale19.What do you use to open a door?A. KeyB. SpoonC. KnifeD. Plate20.Which of these is an animal?A. ChairB. DogC. PlateD. Book21.I like to read books in my free time. My favorite book is "Harry Potter." It is very interesting, and I read it every day. Yesterday, I ______ (read) two chapters.22.Which of these is a place to sleep?A. TableB. BedC. ChairD. Door23.Tom and his friends are playing __________. They take turns __________ the ball to each other. The goal is to __________ the ball into the net. Tom kicks the ball and scores a __________. His friends cheer for him, and they decide to play for another__________. After a while, they are all __________, so they sit down to take a break. 24.I ______ (not/know) about the concert last week, but my friend ______ (tell) me about it yesterday. I ______ (decide) to go, and it ______ (be) amazing.25.Lucy and her family are going on a trip this weekend. They are going to a__________. Lucy is excited to see the __________. She will also go for a __________ in the woods with her brother. They will bring __________ for a picnic in the afternoon. After the trip, Lucy plans to take lots of __________ to remember the day.26.Jack is at the park with his friends. He is playing __________ with his friend Tom. They take turns hitting the ball over the __________. Jack tries to hit the ball into the__________, but Tom catches it. After the game, Jack sits down on a __________ and drinks some __________. The weather is __________, so they have a great time playing outside.27.Which one is a color?A. BookB. GreenC. DogD. Pen28.What do we use to cut paper?A. KnifeB. ScissorsC. SpoonD. Plate29.Which one is a place to study?A. hospitalB. libraryC. parkD. restaurant30.Which one is a type of tree?A. RoseB. OakC. TulipD. Daisy31.My mother is very __________. She works as a __________ in a hospital. She goes to work every __________ in the morning. I like to spend time with her in the__________ after she finishes her work. She is always __________ and makes delicious __________ for dinner. We love her very much because she is very __________ and always helps me with my __________.32.My family ______ (go) on a vacation last summer. We ______ (travel) to the beach and ______ (stay) in a small hotel by the sea. Every day, we ______ (swim) in the ocean, and in the evening, we ______ (watch) the sunset. It ______ (be) a wonderful trip.33.Which one is a body part?A. ArmB. SpoonC. TableD. Shoe34.I love visiting the ______ with my class. Last time, we saw a huge ______ and learned about how it works. There were also many ______ about different animals and plants. My favorite part was the ______ where we could see real ______. After the visit, we went to the ______ to have lunch.35.Which of these is a mode of transportation?A. CarB. SpoonC. PlateD. Knife36.In the park, children ______ (play) soccer while some ______ (ride) their bicycles.I ______ (watch) them with my little brother. We ______ (enjoy) the sunny weather today because it ______ (be) warm but not too hot. Last weekend, it ______ (rain), and we ______ (stay) indoors.37.I usually wake up at 7:00 a.m. After waking up, I brush my teeth and wash my face. Then, I have breakfast with my family. After breakfast, I put on my uniform and pack my schoolbag. I leave home at 8:00 a.m. and walk to school.38.Which of these animals has a long neck?A. DogB. GiraffeC. TigerD. Elephant39.We __________ (have) a wonderful time at the beach yesterday. The sun__________ (shine) brightly, and the sea __________ (be) very warm. We __________ (swim) in the water and __________ (build) sandcastles. My sister __________ (collect) seashells, and I __________ (take) a lot of photos.40.What do we use to write?A. PencilB. SpoonC. ForkD. Knife41.Yesterday, I __________ (1) a delicious cake for my birthday. My family__________ (2) it with me. We __________ (3) candles on the cake and __________ (4) "Happy Birthday" to me. I __________ (5) to blow out the candles. Then we __________ (6) some music and __________ (7) a lot of pictures.42.Which one is a number?A. TwelveB. TableC. SpoonD. Chair43.Which of these is a common fruit?A. OrangeB. CarrotC. LettuceD. Potato44.I have a new __. It is very __ and likes to play in the __. Every morning, I give it some __. After playing, we both feel very __. It is my best friend because it is always __. We play together every day after school.45.Ethan is going on a school trip to the museum. He is very excited because he loves learning about __________ (1). The first exhibit he sees is a collection of old__________ (2), which Ethan finds interesting. Then, he looks at some ancient__________ (3) and learns about their history. After the museum tour, Ethan and his friends have lunch at a nearby __________ (4). Ethan feels __________ (5) because he learned so much during the trip.46.Tom and his family like to go on trips. Last summer, they went to the ______ for a vacation. They stayed at a small ______ near the beach. Every day, they went swimming in the ______ and played beach volleyball. Tom’s father also rented a ______ and they went sailing. At night, they enjoyed delicious ______ at a seaside restaurant.47.What is the opposite of "hot"?A. ColdB. WarmC. FastD. Tall48.This morning, I __________ (1) to school by bus. I __________ (2) the bus at 8:00a.m. When I __________ (3) at school, I __________ (4) my friends waiting for me at the gate. We __________ (5) together to the classroom.49.Which of these animals is known for its long neck?A. ElephantB. GiraffeC. DogD. Tiger50.My brother __________ (1) to play video games every day after school. I__________ (2) to watch him, but I __________ (3) to do my homework first. Sometimes, we __________ (4) games together on the weekends.(答案及解释)。
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(英文,黑布林版)每章概括
汤姆叔叔的小屋英文黑布林版每章概括《汤姆叔叔的小屋》（Uncle Tom's Cabin）是美国作家哈里埃特·比彻·斯托夫人（Harriet Beecher Stowe）于1852年出版的一部反奴隶制度的长篇小说。
以下是每章的概括，根据黑布林版（Blackburn edition）的章节划分：Chapter 1: In Which the Reader Is Introduced to a Man of Humanity 本章介绍读者与一个充满人道主义的人物相识。
Chapter 2: The Mother 本章主要讲述了一个名叫埃米莉亚的黑奴母亲和她的家庭背景。
Chapter 3: The Husband and Father 本章中，埃米莉亚的丈夫乔治被贩卖到另一个奴隶主那里，导致他们家庭分离。
Chapter 4: An Evening in Uncle Tom's Cabin 这一章节以晚上在汤姆叔叔的小屋中过夜为背景，展现了汤姆叔叔的善良和宽容。
Chapter 5: Showing the Feelings of Living Property on Changing Owners 本章节揭示了奴隶的心理状态及其在不同主人之间转换时的感受。
Chapter 6: Discovery 在这一章中，汤姆叔叔被新的主人哈利斯发现，哈利斯想要将汤姆叔叔卖掉。
Chapter 7: The Mother's Struggle 埃米莉亚努力保护自己的孩子们免受奴隶制度的伤害，这一章主要描写了她的奋斗。
Chapter 8: Eliza's Escape 本章中，伊莱扎成功逃离了奴隶主的追捕，并开始了逃亡之旅。
Chapter 9: In Which It Appears That a Senator Is but a Man 在这一章节中，一位参议员艾伦森展现出作为一个人的弱点。
小学三年级上册英语刷题卷(答案和题解)220
小学三年级上册英语刷题卷(答案和题解)(共50道题)下面有答案和解题分析一、综合题1.Which of these is used for cutting?A. ScissorsB. ForkC. SpoonD. Plate2.Which of these is a bird?A. DogB. CatC. EagleD. Elephant3.I _______ (not) like doing my homework.4.Anna is in the living room watching TV. She is watching a __________ about animals. The show is very __________, and Anna learns a lot about __________. After watching the show, Anna talks to her parents about what she learned. She feels very__________ because she knows so much about animals now.5.What is the opposite of "early"?A. LateB. FastC. SlowD. Long6.He _______ (is / are / am) my best friend.7.Which of these is a season?A. SundayB. WinterC. FoodD. School8.What is the capital of England?A. ParisB. LondonC. New YorkD. Tokyo9.Which of these is used to cut paper?A. ScissorsB. SpoonC. KnifeD. Fork10.I _______ (not, know) the answer.11.We ______ (visit) the zoo last weekend. It ______ (be) a sunny day, and we ______ (see) many animals. My favorite animal ______ (be) the elephant. We ______ (watch) itplay with water for a long time. After the zoo, we ______ (go) to a nearby park to have a picnic.12.My grandmother ______ (live) in a small village. She ______ (have) a beautiful garden with many flowers. Every spring, the flowers ______ (bloom), and it ______ (look) very colorful. Last weekend, I ______ (visit) her and we ______ (plant) some new flowers together. It ______ (be) a wonderful time.13.What is the opposite of "up"?A. LeftB. DownC. RightD. Forward14.Which of these is used to make food hot?A. SpoonB. OvenC. PlateD. Cup15.I ______ a book now.A. readB. readsC. am readingD. reading16.I __________ (1) a new book yesterday. It __________ (2) about animals. I__________ (3) read it every evening before bed. My brother John __________ (4) like reading books. He __________ (5) watch TV instead. This evening, we __________ (6) both read our books together. I __________ (7) enjoy reading, but John __________ (8) think it’s boring.17.He _______ (does / do / did) his homework after school.18.What is the opposite of "big"?A. TallB. SmallC. SlowD. Light19.This morning, I ______ (wake) up late because I ______ (not hear) my alarm clock.I quickly ______ (get) dressed and ______ (run) to the bus stop. Unfortunately, the bus ______ (leave) before I ______ (arrive). So, I ______ (decide) to walk to school. I______ (arrive) at school just in time for my first class.20.Which of these is a shape?A. CircleB. CarC. SpoonD. Table21.We ________ (go) to the library every Tuesday.st weekend, I __________ (visit) my grandparents in the countryside. We__________ (have) a wonderful time. I __________ (help) my grandfather with the garden, and my grandmother __________ (make) my favorite cake. After lunch, we__________ (go) to the river and __________ (catch) fish. It __________ (be) a great day.23.We _______ (be) in the park now.24.What do we use to measure time?A. SpoonB. ClockC. KnifeD. Plate25.What do you use to write?A. PenB. ForkC. PlateD. Spoon26.Which of these animals is known for its long neck?A. GiraffeB. ElephantC. LionD. Bear27.We _______ (be) happy today.28.Which one is a color?A. GreenB. TableC. ChairD. Spoon29.We _______ (is / are / am) watching a movie.30.Lily is at home. She is organizing her __________ (1) and putting her toys on the __________ (2). Afterward, she picks up a __________ (3) and starts reading. She loves __________ (4) books because they tell exciting stories.31.Which sentence uses the preposition correctly?A. I will visit my friend at Monday.B. I will visit my friend on Monday.C. I will visit my friend in Monday.D. I will visit my friend at the Monday.32.I _______ (is / am / are) a student.33.Which of these is a vegetable?A. LettuceB. PearC. BananaD. Apple34.I _______ (eat) breakfast at 7 AM.35.We _______ (sing) a song in the music class.36.I ______ (never/see) a lion before, so when I ______ (go) to the zoo, I ______ (be) very excited. I ______ (see) a huge lion in its cage. It ______ (look) so strong and fierce!37.Which one is the correct spelling?A. appleB. aplpeC. apppleD. applle38.Sarah is cleaning the kitchen. She is wiping the __________ (1) and putting the dishes in the __________ (2). After that, she will sweep the __________ (3). Her mom is making some __________ (4) for dinner. After cleaning, Sarah will set the __________ (5) for the meal.39.I _______ (like) to read books before bed. My favorite book _______ (be) about a magic world. Every night, I _______ (open) the book and _______ (read) a few chapters.40.I _______ a computer at home.41.I __________ (1) love traveling. Last summer, my family __________ (2) visit many places. We __________ (3) go to the beach first, then we __________ (4) visit the mountains. I __________ (5) take lots of photos during the trip. My brother __________ (6) like taking pictures, so he __________ (7) take many pictures, too. We __________ (8) have a great time together.42.Which of these is a famous tower?A. Eiffel TowerB. Big BenC. Leaning Tower of PisaD. All of the above43.He _______ (go) to the library after school.44.Which is the correct sentence?A. She have two brothers.B. She has two brothers.C. She having two brothers.D. She had two brothers.45.What do you use to write on paper?A. PenB. SpoonC. KnifeD. Fork46.What color is grass?A. greenB. yellowC. blueD. red47.Which one of these is a vegetable?A. AppleB. CarrotC. BananaD. Orange48.She _______ (write) a letter to her friend yesterday.49.We _______ to the zoo every year.50.Which one is used for cutting paper?A. ScissorsB. KnifeC. PlateD. Spoon(答案及解释)。
小学三年级上册英语刷题卷(答案和解释)816
小学三年级上册英语刷题卷(答案和解释)(共50道题)下面有答案和解题分析一、综合题1.I _______ (write) a letter to my friend yesterday.2.I _______ (help) my mother with the housework.3.What is the opposite of "hot"?A. ColdB. WarmC. WetD. Heavy4.Which of these is a body part?A. TableB. LegC. ChairD. Book5.Which one of these is a drink?A. WaterB. SandwichC. CarrotD. Apple6.Which of these is a wild animal?A. TigerB. CatC. DogD. Cow7.We _______ (want / wants / wanted) to go on a trip next summer.8.It _______ (be) sunny this morning. I _______ (go) to the park with my friends. We _______ (play) soccer and _______ (have) a lot of fun. After that, we _______ (eat) ice cream.9.He _______ (play) basketball every weekend.10.Which of these is a season?A. MondayB. SummerC. JulyD. Christmas11.I _______ (not/have) a sister.12.Sarah loves animals. She went to the __________ last weekend with her family. They saw many different animals, like __________, __________, and __________. Sarah was most excited to see the __________ because she loves how they __________ in the water. After visiting the animals, they had a picnic near the __________.13.What do we use to write?A. SpoonB. ForkC. PenD. Plate14.We _______ (eat) pizza last night.15.They _______ (like / likes / liked) swimming in the summer.16.I _______ (can / can’t / could) play the piano.17.I _______ (not/know) the answer.18.I __________ (wake) up at 6:30 every morning. After I __________ (get) up, I__________ (brush) my teeth and __________ (have) breakfast. Then, I __________ (leave) home and __________ (catch) the bus. I __________ (arrive) at school at 8:00.19.What do we wear on our feet?A. HatB. ShoesC. GlovesD. Scarf20.Which one is a season?A. WinterB. SunC. RainD. Water21.Which of these is an animal that lives in the water?A. DogB. FishC. BirdD. Tiger22.What does the word "cat" mean?A. A type of birdB. A kind of animalC. A kind of foodD. A kind of tree23.They _______ (watch/watches) a movie tonight.24.What do we use to write?A. PencilB. ForkC. SpoonD. Plate25.He _______ (can / can’t / could) swim very well.26.He _______ (watch) TV at this moment.27.My friend Sarah __________ (invite) me to her birthday party last week. I__________ (buy) her a nice gift, and I __________ (wrap) it in colorful paper. When I __________ (arrive) at her house, all the other guests __________ (be) already there. We __________ (sing) happy birthday to her, and then we __________ (eat) cake and ice cream. Sarah __________ (look) very happy, and we __________ (have) a great time at the party.28.Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb: When I was a child, I _______ (love) to play outside with my friends. Now, I _______ (enjoy) reading books more than playing outside. However, I still _______ (play) soccer with my friends every weekend.29.What do we use to write on paper?A. PencilB. KnifeC. SpoonD. Plate30.We _______ a good time at the party last night.31.Anna and her family are going camping this weekend. They are going to the__________ because it’s a nice place to relax. Anna is very excited because she can sleep in a __________ under the stars. Her father is going to set up a __________ for the family, and her mother is going to cook __________ o ver the campfire. Anna’s little brother, Peter, wants to go __________ in the nearby lake, but Anna is more excited to go on a __________ in the woods. She hopes they will see some __________.32.Which one is a weather condition?A. SunnyB. PlateC. SpoonD. Chair33.She _______ (eat / eats / ate) dinner at 6 p.m.34.He _______ (be) a doctor in the hospital.35.Which of these is a number?A. DogB. OneC. BookD. Table36.Which animal is known as the "King of the Jungle"?A. ElephantB. TigerC. LionD. Bear37.Which of these is a shape?A. CircleB. CarC. ChairD. Bed38.This is my school. My school __________ (1) very big and beautiful. There__________ (2) a playground, a library, and many classrooms. I __________ (3) study in Class 5. Our teacher __________ (4) very kind. In the classroom, there __________ (5) many desks and chairs. We __________ (6) have lessons every day. I __________ (7) like school very much.39.They _______ (not/like) playing chess.40.Tom is getting ready for his birthday party. He has invited all his friends to come to his __________. There will be games like __________ and __________. Tom’s favorite game is musical chairs. After the games, they will have __________ and a big birthday __________.41.I _______ (study) for the test now.42.We _______ (not/have) English class on Fridays.43.We _______ (not) have class on Saturdays.44.She _______ (go/goes) to the gym on Mondays.45.We _______ (be) friends for many years.46.Where is the pencil? It is ______ the box.A. inB. onC. atD. under47.This morning, I __________ (1) my breakfast at 7:00 AM. After breakfast, I__________ (2) my schoolbag and __________ (3) to school by bus. The bus__________ (4) at 7:30 AM, and I __________ (5) my friend Tom on the bus. We__________ (6) together and __________ (7) to school. It __________ (8) a good start to the day.48.I _______ (like) to read books before bed. My favorite book _______ (be) about a magic world. Every night, I _______ (open) the book and _______ (read) a few chapters.49.Anna is learning how to swim at the local __________. She goes every Monday and Thursday to practice her strokes. Her coach, Mr. Lee, is very __________ and always helps her improve. Anna has already mastered the __________ stroke and is now working on the __________ stroke. She hopes to compete in a swimming competition next month.50.Sally is in the kitchen, helping her mom make lunch. She is stirring the __________ in the pot, while her mom cuts some __________. After cooking, they will serve the food on large __________. Sally’s little brother, Tim, is setting the table and placing__________ next to each plate. Once everything is ready, they will all sit down together to enjoy their __________.(答案及解释)。
小学五年级上册英语刷题卷(答案和解释)523
小学五年级上册英语刷题卷(答案和解释)(共50道题)下面有答案和解题分析一、综合题1.I ______ (have) a pet cat named Whiskers. She ______ (be) very cute and playful. Every morning, I ______ (give) her food, and she ______ (eat) it quickly. Afterward, she ______ (play) with her toys for a while. I ______ (love) spending time with her.2.On weekends, I usually ______ with my family. We like to visit new places, such as the ______ or the ______. Sometimes, we go to a movie theater to watch a ______ movie.I enjoy spending time with my ______.3.We _______ (not) play video games after dinner.4.I ________ (visit) my grandparents next holiday.5.Which animal is known as "mans best friend"?A. DogB. CatC. BirdD. Fish6.What do you use to write?A. A bookB. A pencilC. A tableD. A phone7.My brother __________ (play) football with his friends every Saturday. This Saturday, he __________ (not/play) because he __________ (hurt) his foot. He__________ (stay) at home and __________ (rest).8.Which one is an animal?A. TreeB. DogC. HouseD. Carst weekend, we ______ (go) to the park for a picnic. The weather ______ (be) sunny, so we ______ (sit) outside on the grass. I ______ (bring) sandwiches, and my sister ______ (bring) fruits. We ______ (eat) together and ______ (enjoy) the sunny day.10.Which of the following is a body part?A. LegB. ChairC. SpoonD. Table11.Which one is a shape?12.What do we use to cut food?A. PlateB. KnifeC. SpoonD. Cup13.He _______ (go / goes / went) to the library after school.14.I ______ (take) a shower every morning before school. After I ______ (finish) my shower, I ______ (get) dressed and ______ (eat) breakfast. This morning, I ______ (eat) pancakes with syrup. They ______ (be) delicious, and I ______ (feel) full after breakfast.15.What do you use to write?A. SpoonB. ForkC. PenD. Cup16.What do we use to clean our teeth?A. TowelB. SoapC. ToothbrushD. Comb17.This is my dog. His name __________ (1) Max. He __________ (2) very friendly and loves to play with children. Every morning, he __________ (3) run in the yard, and in the afternoon, he __________ (4) sleep on the sofa. I __________ (5) feed him twice a day, and he __________ (6) eat his food very quickly. I __________ (7) love my dog very much.18.My name _______ (be) Sarah. I _______ (live) in a small town. Every morning, I _______ (get) up at 7:00. I _______ (eat) breakfast with my family. After that, I _______ (brush) my teeth and _______ (leave) for school. I _______ (study) English, math, and science. I _______ (have) many friends at school.19.I __________ (1) to the zoo last weekend. I __________ (2) many animals, such as lions, tigers, and pandas. The panda __________ (3) very cute, and I __________ (4) a photo of it. We __________ (5) a lot of fun in the zoo. After the visit, we __________ (6) ice cream. It __________ (7) a great day!20.What color is the sky on a clear, sunny day?A. GreenB. BlueC. RedD. Yellow21.Which of these is a type of food?A. BreadB. BookC. ChairD. Spoon22.Which is the correct sentence?A. She can sings.B. She can sing.C. She can singing.D. She can singed.23.What is the color of an apple?24.He _______ (has / have / had) a beautiful dog.25.We _______ (study) English this afternoon.26.Which of these animals is a mammal?A. SharkB. BirdC. WhaleD. Fish27.He _______ (draw) pictures every afternoon.28.Which of these is used to clean the floor?A. BroomB. SpoonC. BookD. Chair29.What color is a typical leaf in summer?A. GreenB. RedC. BlueD. Yellow30.What do you use to write?A. bookB. pencilC. bagD. table31.What is the opposite of "big"?A. TallB. SmallC. ShortD. Heavy32.I ______ (like) to read books in my free time. My favorite book ______ (be) about animals. I ______ (have) a pet cat at home. It ______ (be) very cute. Every day, my cat ______ (play) with me, and I ______ (give) it food. We ______ (have) a great time together.33.I _______ (study) English every day after school. My teacher, Mrs. Green, _______ (give) us homework to practice. We _______ (learn) new words and grammar rules every week. Yesterday, we _______ (have) a test, and I _______ (feel) nervous, but I _______ (pass) it.34.My dad __________ (work) at a bank, and my mom __________ (be) a teacher. They __________ (go) to work every day from Monday to Friday. On weekends, they__________ (spend) time with me. Last Saturday, we __________ (go) to the zoo and__________ (see) many animals.35.I _______ (like) to eat apples.36.Which of the following is a type of transportation?A. ChairB. CarC. TableD. Bed37.Which of the following animals can fly?A. DogB. CatC. BirdD. Fish38.Lucy is in the kitchen. She is making a sandwich for lunch. First, she takes two pieces of __________ (1) and puts some __________ (2) on one of them. Then she adds some __________ (3), and finally, she puts some __________ (4) on top to finish.39.What do you usually do in the morning before you go to school?A. Eat breakfastB. Go to bedC. Watch TVD. Play with toys40.I __________ (1) love to read books. My favorite book __________ (2) about a little girl who __________ (3) a magic necklace. She __________ (4) use the necklace to talk to animals. Every day after school, I __________ (5) read the book for at least 30 minutes. My sister __________ (6) not like reading books, but she __________ (7) enjoy watching TV. Sometimes, we __________ (8) share the book, and she __________ (9) listen to me reading.41.What do we use to write on a board?A. PenB. MarkerC. PencilD. Brush42.We _______ (play / plays / played) tennis every Sunday.43.I __________ (study) for my history test right now. I __________ (read) the textbook and __________ (write) some notes. Yesterday, I __________ (review) the chapters, and I __________ (think) I __________ (understand) the material well. After I __________ (finish) studying, I __________ (take) a break and __________ (watch) a movie.44.Which one is used to cut food?A. SpoonB. PlateC. KnifeD. Cup45.I __________ (1) a delicious pizza yesterday. I __________ (2) it with cheese, ham, and mushrooms. After dinner, I __________ (3) to my friend’s house. We __________ (4) video games until 9 p.m. It __________ (5) a fun night.46.I _______ (help) my mom with the housework every day.47.Which of these is a type of weather?A. SunnyB. DogC. PlateD. Chair48.I have two _______.A. footsB. feetC. toothsD. teet49.Which sentence is correct?A. I will visit you at Monday.B. I will visit you on Monday.C. I will visit you in Monday.D. I will visit you at the Monday.50.My mother _______ (cook) delicious meals every day. In the morning, she _______ (make) pancakes for breakfast. After that, she _______ (clean) the kitchen. I usually_______ (help) her with the dishes, and then we _______ (have) lunch together.(答案及解释)。
Edexcel Level 3 Extended Project Student Guide
1. Introduction to DissertationsThis lesson is designed to provide guidance about specific points related to dissertation projects. Discussion: What is a dissertation? (15 min)The report models described in the Edexcel Level 3 Extended Project Student Guide (chapters 3 and 4) and AQA Extended Project Companion (chapter 3) provide a good way of structuring dissertations; abstract, introduction, research review, discussion, conclusion and bibliography. The OCR Extended Project Student Guide also has some general guidance in the section on project formats.Talk through the idea of a dissertation with students to ensure that they understand what is expected of them (revisit as needed). Key points include:The academic core in a Level 3 dissertation; research should include references to academicsource material (not just news articles/material from websites).Students need to demonstrate that they have reviewed available research conducted by others on their chosen topic (they need to think about what research has already been completed on their chosen research topic when making their final question choice).The research review should, where appropriate, take the form of a narrative, or a series ofnarrative threads, outlining the key developments that underpin the dissertation. A narrativewhere developments are linked chronologically is more readable than one that has snippetsfrom different sources. This approach should also ensure that students have tried to understand the material researched.A reminder for students to use the ‘5Ws’ as a tool to assist them (Edexcel Level 3 ExtendedProject Student Guide, chapter 1). If they can set the scene it will improve the quality of their writing: What happened? Who was involved? Where did it happen? When did it happen? Whydid it happen?To raise a discussion into the top mark band the focus should be on lines of argument. Thereshould be an attempt to integrate the arguments for and against a point of view into a coherent line of reasoning.Students should be encouraged to:☑Provide an assessment of relevant points of view☑State their own viewpoint clearly and precisely (using frameworks looked at in lesson 2)☑Provide their supporting arguments☑Consider and reply to counter-arguments.The Edexcel Level 3 Extended Project Student Guide (chapter 2) provides a model for thisstructure.Lines of argument, counter-arguments and responses to the arguments will need to beconstructed for a number of issues raised by the research question. For example:A student working on the question ‘is experimentation on animals acceptable?’ might ne ed toaddress three main issues;a)Should non-human animals be considered to be equal to humans in terms ofethical regard?b)Is there reliable data to be gained from animal experiments?c)Are there satisfactory alternatives?For each point, there are a number of arguments and counter-arguments which the studentshould address in a logical manner.Students need to think about how to frame their discussion (signposting the direction theirargument will go, and a reflective commentary on the general flow of argument).Activity 1: Reviewing Exemplar work (25 min)Choose an example of a dissertation (from your awarding organisation’s website or using previous student dissertations from your centre) and ask the students to review the exemplar work in small groups. They should be looking for evidence of the research carried out, how the argument has been structured and how the dissertation has been presented. Ask them to think about what elements they felt were and were not successful.The aim of the activity is to help students become familiar with how dissertations are structured and to be able to talk through what they will need to do for each of the various sections.2. Frameworks for ThinkingBuilding on the general dissertation points covered in lesson 1, this lesson gives further guidance on how to organise central ideas and the theoretical frameworks that can be used. At level 3 we expect to see students making use of relevant theories to their research questions. The use of theoretical frameworks lends clarity, structure and depth to dissertations. Also introduced is the idea of frameworks as tools for organising the analysis and development of ideas in a dissertation.Discussion: Frame your thinking (5 min)As a first step towards identifying which frameworks might be relevant for particular projects, students are encouraged to spend time thinking about ‘Big Questions’ that are relevant to their work.The ‘Big Questions’ below are given as examples in the Student Guide;How can we know things?What is truth?Is there a God?What is the mind?Do we have free will?What is the universe made from?Am I the same person today as I was yesterday? (Or when I was born)?How does language work?Activity 2: Big Questions (10 min)Ask the students to think about whether there are any ‘Big Questions’ that are relevant to their chosen topic. They should then list the questions and discuss them in small groups.Students do not always have a clear sense of the main ideas they should discuss when they start their dissertation project. Identifying central issues through a discussion exercise may help them to decide how to focus their research, thinking and writing.Discussion: Philosophical Frameworks (10 min)Discuss the idea of theoretical frameworks and how frameworks can be used to support their dissertations. The list of frameworks given (realism, relativism, theism, atheism, agnosticism, dualism, materialism, essentialism, constructivism, determinism, libertarianism, innatism and empiricism) is not mandatory and you may want to select other examples which are more relevant to the questions your students are likely to select for their topics.Activity 3: Framing Answers (15 min + homework)Once the students have identified some of the ‘Big Questions’ for their dissertation, ask them see if any of the frameworks are helpful in exploring possible answers to the questions.The aim is for students to begin thinkin g about the range of positions that link to the ‘Big Questions’. It may be useful for them to think about the ‘extreme’ positions from either end of a spectrum of ideas (with a view to identifying where they stand on the spectrum). One way of doing this would be to ask students to form a line, with either end of the line representing two different framework positions (e.g. materialism and dualism), and ask them to stand according to where they fall on the spectrum. They would then explain why they have chosen to stand where they have.3. Frameworks and DissertationsThis lesson looks at frameworks from the perspective of using them in practice.Discussion: Using frameworks (5 min)Spend a few minutes reminding students how they can use the frameworks from lesson 2 to guide and enhance their project work.This may also be a good time to remind students about the need demonstrate extension in their dissertation. Each of the case studies they will study has the potential to lead to a project with strengths in the areas of broadening skills, deepening understanding and widening perspectives. Activity 4: Using Frameworks (35 min + homework)Ask the students to look at one or more of the case studies below and think about the different theoretical frameworks that the students in the case studies are planning to use. They should then discuss the issues they identify.The case studies listed should provoke a lot of discussion and the focus should be on the role that theoretical frameworks play in each case.Case StudiesIs there a single true picture of the world?Charlotte has decided to write a dissertation exploring how science and art approach truth in different ways. Her teacher tells her that this is a very broad field, and she should look for a more focused research question. She decides to look at the question: Are there any connections between the work of Einstein and Picasso? After researching this, she finds that a central question in both the scientific work of Einstein and the artistic work of Picasso is whether or not there is a single ‘true’ description of the world. She decides that she is going to argue that both Einstein and Picasso challenge this idea. She does some more research and encounters two useful philosophical frameworks; realism and relativism.Charlotte can use these frameworks to help define her viewpoint and begin analysing the arguments. She isn’t happy with the realist view but she also disagrees with the relativists – so she needs to find a new position of her own, somewhere between the two.When does life end?Edward is interested in the question about how we define death. At what point should we say that someone is no longer alive? When he researches this question, he discovers that a traditional definition of death relied on the dualist view: death occurs when the soul leaves the body. Nowadays, we think about the question in more materialist terms: death is defined by the end of function in the parts of the brain that support consciousness.In his dissertation, Edward decides first to write a literature review exploring the history of this development, then to write a discussion in which he analyses the arguments for and against these different viewpoints. He realises that the question has many important ethical implications e.g. when a life support machine should be turned off. Edward agrees with the materialist view. He also realises that the spiritual aspect which many people associate with the question has to be discussed. Can he perhaps find a way of synthesizing the two approaches?Is there a real me?Imran has recently moved to the UK having been born and brought up in Kenya. He and all his family are Muslims. He has noticed big cultural differences between his former homeland, where religion is a prominent part of public life, and his new life in the UK. He has also noticed that it affects the way he himself thinks and acts. It raises the question: has he changed? Is he still the same person, essentially, or has the shift to a new society in some way changed his own identity? When he begins researching this, he finds many arguments which suggest that your identity is something which is shaped by forces around you. Yet he believes that there is still a sense in which he is the same person that he was before he came to the UK. Is that a point of view he can defend in his dissertation?Who is to blame?Annika has read of court cases in the USA where defence lawyers defend clients by arguing that their actions were pre-determined by processes in their brains. She wonders whether this could be true, and what difference it would make to how we go about praising and blaming people for their actions.She decides to write a dissertation exploring the question of free will and responsibility. As well as looking at some relevant case studies, she researches to find lines of argument supporting belief in free will, as well as lines of argument against. She realises that the topic she has chosen is a large and complex one, so to help keep her work focussed; she concentrates on one particular case study. As well as exploring some of the philosophical issues, she tries to find out how the law relates to questions about responsibility.Rather than answering the question directly, she decides to argue that questions like this need to be decided by looking at all aspects: scientific, philosophical and legal. She thinks the philosophical frameworks will be helpful as a guide to her thinking - which ones should she use?Does religion make you a better person?Sam read an article in a newspaper in which researchers claimed to have proved that religious people are more ethical than non-religious people. He found this intriguing and he discussed it with his teacher.Their first thought was that he could conduct an investigation/field study, using questionnaire surveys as a research tool. As they discussed it further, they realised that there were many problems about the methodology of this kind of study (how do you tell whether one person is more ethical than another? How reliable is a questionnaire when trying to find data of this kind?). There were also a lot of issues about defining concepts e.g. what do we mean by 'religion' and 'belief'?Sam decided to work on a dissertation in which he would review the research literature and go on to explore some of the ethical and philosophical questions raised. He thought that frameworks such as theism, atheism and agnosticism, as well as the ethical frameworks, would be useful.He realised that the frameworks could be combined in different ways. For example, a theist might normally accept a divine command theory of ethics, but could theists be utilitarians instead? And must atheists reject the ethical conclusions of the divine command theory? As soon as these questions had occurred to him, Sam realised that the situation was much more complicated than the newspaper article had led him to believe. One thing that was clear was that a straight-forward 'yes' or 'no' answer didn't make sense.Can you think before you can speak?Liz had a good friend who had recently given birth. Liz had met the baby on a number of occasions, both before and after he had started to talk. It had set her thinking about the relationship between language and thought. Does all thought require language? Is it really true that animals and small children, who have no language, cannot think at all? If that is the case, how do babies learn to speak? Liz decided to focus her dissertation on the question, 'can you think before you can speak?' She carried out a review of the secondary literature, but she also included some records of her own observations of her friend's child as a primary source. When she began to analyse the question further through discussion with her teacher, she encountered the debate between the innatist and empiricist perspectives. Are the ideas we use when we think something which belong in the mind from birth, or do we get them through experience? Liz wasn't sure she knew the answer, but it did seem useful to have these two frameworks in mind as a tool for identifying and exploring the links between different possible answers.。
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第3部分危险货物一览表和有限数量例外第3.1章概述3.1.1 范围和一般规定3.1.1.1本章的危险货物一览表列出了最常运的危险货物，但并不详尽无遗。
一览表意图在可行范围内列入具有商业重要性的一切危险物质。
物质或物品如其名称具体地列入危险货物一览表，必须按照一览表中适用于该物质或物品 3.1.1.2的规定运输。
“类属”或“未另作规定的”条目，可用于允许运输那些未以具体名称列入危险货物一览表的物质或物品。
这种物质或物品只有在其危险性质确定后才可运输。
然后必须按照类别定义和试验标准对该物质或物品进行分类，并使用危险货物一览表中最恰当地描述该物质或物品的名称。
分类必须按规定由适当的主管当局作出，如无规定可由发货人作出。
物质或物品的类别一经确定，必须满足本规章规定的所有装货和运输条件。
具有或被怀疑具有爆炸性质的任何物质或物品，首先必须考虑划入第1类。
某些集合条目可能是属于“类属”或“未另作规定的”类型，但规则须载有保证安全的规定，既规定极端危险的货物不得以通常运输方式运输，也包括某些货物固有的一切次要危险性。
危险货物一览表未列入那些太危险除经特别批准外禁止运输的货物。
这种货物未列入一览 3.1.1.3表的一个原因是，一些货物可能被禁止用某些运输方式运输，而允许用另一些运输方式运输，另一个原因是，不太可能拟定一个详尽无遗的清单。
此外，由于新物质不断地出现，任何这样的清单将很快变得不再是详尽无遗；还有，如某种物质不在该清单内，可能使人错误地认为，该物质不须受特别限制即可运输。
货物固有的不稳定性可能产生不同的危险性，例如爆炸和聚合，放出高热或释放毒性气体。
对大多数物质来说，这种不稳定性能够通过正确包装、稀释、稳定、添加抑制剂、冷冻或其他预防措施加以控制。
3.1.1.4如危险货物一览表中对某种物质或物品规定有预防措施(例如必须“加稳定剂”或“加x%的水或减敏剂”)，则该物质或物品在未采取这些措施的情况下一般不得运输，除非该物质或物品列在别处(例如第1类)，并且未标明须采取的预防措施，或者标明了不同的预防措施。
3.1.2 正式运输名称注1：有限数量运输的危险货物使用的正式运输名称见3.4.8。
注2：运输样品使用的正式运输名称见2.0.4。
3.1.2.1正式运输名称是危险货物一览表中最准确地描述货物的那一部分条目，英文用大写字母、中文用黑体字(加上构成名称一部分的数字、希腊字母、“另”“特”、间、正、邻、对)表示。
备用正式运输名称可写在主要正式运输名称可之后外加括号(如：环三亚甲基三硝胺(旋风炸药，黑索金，RDX)。
条目中用宋体写出的部分不必视为正式运输名称的一部分但可以使用。
当条目名称有小写字母的连接词“and”或“or”(中文为宋体的“和”或“或”)时，或者 3.1.2.2当名称的各部分用逗号断开时，则在运输票据或包件标记上不需写明条目的整个名称。
当几种明显不同的条目合并列在一个联合国编号之下时，尤其是这样。
对这类条目如何选择正式运输名称，举例说明如下：(a) UN 1057 打火机或打火机加油器——正式运输名称是下列名称的最适当的组合：打火机打火机加油器(b) UN 2793,黑色金属的镗屑、刨屑、旋屑或切屑，易自热。
正式运输名称从下列名称组合选取最恰当的：黑色金属的镗屑黑色金属的刨屑黑色金属的旋屑黑色金属的切屑每一名称都有货物的技术名称补充(见3.1.2.8.1)。
正式运输名称可酌情用单数或多数。
此外，当正式运输名称中有修饰词时，它们在票据或 3.1.2.3包件标记中的顺序可以是任意的，例如“磷，白色的”，也可写成“白磷”。
第1类货物的商品名称或军用名称如包含正式运输名称附加说明文字也可以使用。
很多物质既以液态又以固态列入条目(见1.2.1中对液态和固态的定义)，或以固态和溶液 3.1.2.4列入条目。
对这些物质划定了不同的联合国编号，且不一定彼此相邻。
详细情况见按字母表排列的索引，如：液态硝基二甲苯 6.1 1665固态硝基二甲苯 6.1 34473.1.2.5当按照1.2.1中的定义属于固体的物质在熔融状态下提交运输时，应加上“熔融”的定性词作为正式运输名称的一部分(例如熔融固态烷基苯酚，未另作规定的)，除非危险货物一览表中的名称已经以英文大写字母(中文用黑体字)写出这个定性词。
除非是自反应物质和有机过氧化物、且除非在危险货物一览表列出的名称中已经含有“稳 3.1.2.6定的”一词，否则必须加入“稳定的”一词作为如下情况的物质正式运输名称的一部分：按照1.1.3的规定不加稳定剂就会被禁止运输，因为它有可能在运输中通常遇到的条件下危险地起反应(例如“有机毒性液体，未另作规定的，稳定的)如使用温度控制稳定这类物质以防止产生危险的超压时，那么：(a) 对于液体：如自加速分解温度小于或等于50℃，必须适用7.1.5的规定；(b) 对于气体：运输条件必须得到主管当局批准。
3.1.2.7 水合物可在无水物质的正式运输名称下运输。
3.1.2.8 类属或“未另作规定的”名称3.1.2.8.1在危险货物一览表第6栏中注明了特殊规定274的“类属”或“未另作规定的”正式运输名称，必须附加技术名称或化学族名称，除非国家法律或国际公约因为它是受管制的物质而禁止其透露。
对于第1类爆炸品，危险货物说明可以附加表明商品名称或军用名称的说明文字。
技术名称和化学族名称，必须写在紧接着正式运输名称之后的圆括号内。
也可以使用适当的限定词，如“含有”，或其他限定词如“混合物”、“溶液”等，以及技术成分的百分率。
例如：“UN 1993易燃液体，未另作规定的(含有二甲苯和苯)，3, II类包装”。
技术名称必须是科学技术手册、杂志和教科书中目前使用的公认的化学或其它名称， 3.1.2.8.1.1不得使用商业名称。
关于农药，仅可使用国际标准化组织的通用名称、《世界卫生组织建议的农药按危险性的分类和分类准则》中的其他名称、或有效成分物质的名称。
当一种危险货物的混合物用危险货物一览表中注明特殊规定274的“未另作规定的”3.1.2.8.1.2或“类属”条目之一表示时，需要标出的构成混合物危险性的最重要成分不多于两个，但不包括本国法律或国际公约禁止透露的受管制物质在内。
如果装有混合物的包件贴有任何次要危险性标签，则在括弧内的两个技术名称之一必须是要求使用次要危险性标签的成分名称。
3.1.2.8.1.3对于这类“未另作规定的”条目，如何选择正式运输名称并以货物技术名称补充，举例说明如下：UN 2902 液态农药，毒性，未另作规定的(敌菌酮)UN 3394 有机金属物质，液态，发火，遇水反应，(三甲基镓)3.1.3 含有一种危险物质的混合物和溶液含有危险货物一览表列出名称的一种危险物质和一种或多种不受本规章约束的物质的混 3.1.3.1合物或溶液，必须按对该危险物质规定的要求处理，而且该混合物或溶液须装在适合其物理状态的容器中，除非：(a) 混合物或溶液在本规章中具体列出名称；或(b) 本规章的条目具体说明该条目仅适用于纯物质；或(c) 溶液或混合物的危险性类别、物理状态或包装类别与危险物质的危险性类别、物理状态或包装类别不同；或(d) 在紧急情况下应采取的措施有重要变化。
按照对危险物质所作的规定处理的溶液和混合物，必须酌情加上定性词“溶液”或“混合 3.1.3.2物”作为正式运输名称的一部分，如“丙酮溶液”。
此外,溶液或混合物的浓度也可以写明,例如,“丙酮75%溶液”。
3.1.3.3含有一种或多种本规章列出名称或划入一个“未另作规定的”条目下的物质和一种或多种其他物质的混合物或溶液，如其危险性质不符合任何类别的标准(包括人类经验标准)，即不受本规章约束。
第3.2章危险货物一览表3.2.1 危险货物一览表结构危险货物一览表分成如下11栏：第1栏‘联合国编号’——本栏是根据联合国分类制度给物品或物质划定的系列号码。
第2栏‘名称和说明’——本栏包括英文用大写字母、中文用黑体字表示的正式运输名称，可能附加英文用小写字母、中文用宋体字写出的说明文字(见3.1.2)。
所用某些术语的说明载于附录B。
如存在相同分类的异构体，正式运输名称可用多数表示。
水合物可酌情包括在无水物质的正式运输名称之下。
除非在危险货物一览表的条目中另有说明，否则正式运输名称中的‘溶液’系指一种或多种定名的危险货物溶解在否则不受本规章范本约束的液体中。
第3栏‘类别或项别’——本栏包括类别或项别，如果是第1类，还包括按照第2.1章描述的分类制度给物品或物质划定的配装组。
第4栏‘次要危险性’——本栏包括采用第2部分描述的分类制度确定的任何重要次要危险性的类号或项号。
第5栏‘联合国包装类别’——本栏是给物品或物质划定的联合国包装类别号码(即，I、II或III)。
如果条目列出的包装类别超过一个，待运输物质或配制品的包装类别必须根据其性质，通过使用第2部分规定的危险类别标准确定。
第6栏‘特殊规定’——本栏所示的号码是指3.3.1中所载的与物品或物质有关的任何特殊规定。
特殊规定适用于允许用于特定物质或物品的所有包装类别，除非其措词表明不同的情况。
第7栏‘有限数量’——本栏是准许按照第3.4章的有限数量规定运输有关物质的每个内容器或物品所装的最大数量。
本栏中的“无”一字，是指物品或物质不允许按照第3.4章的规定运输。
第8栏‘包装规范’——本栏中的字母数字编码系指4.1.4节中规定的有关包装规范。
包装规范表明可用于运输物质和物品的容器(包括中型散货箱和大型容器)。
包含字母“P”的编码系指使用第6.1章、第6.2章或第6.3章描述的容器的包装规范。
包含字母“IBC”的编码系指使用第6.5章描述的中型散货箱的包装规范。
包含字母“LP”的编码系指使用第6.6章描述的大型容器的包装规范。
当未列出具体编码时，表明该物质不准装入按照标有该编码的包装规范可以使用的那一类型容器。
当本栏中列出N/A时，这意味着物质或物品不需要包装。
包装规范在4.1.4节中按数字顺序列出如下：4.1.4.1小节：有关使用容器(中型散货箱和大型容器除外)(P)的包装规范4.1.4.2小节：有关使用中型散货箱(IBC)的包装规范4.1.4.3小节：有关使用大型容器(LP)的包装规范。
第9栏‘特殊包装规定’——本栏中的字母数字编码系指4.1.4节中规定的有关特殊包装规定。
特殊包装规定表明适用于容器(包括中型散货箱和大型容器)的特殊规定。
包含字母“PP”的特殊包装规定，系指适用于使用4.1.4.1中带编码“P”的包装规范的特殊包装规定。
包含字母“B”的特殊包装规定，系指适用于使用4.1.4.2中带编码“IBC”的包装规范的特殊包装规定。
包含字母“L”的特殊包装规定，系指适用于使用4.1.4.3中带编码“LP”的包装规范的特殊包装规定。